diff --git a/go.mod b/go.mod
index 901c0a9..c74b593 100644
--- a/go.mod
+++ b/go.mod
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 module github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3
 
-go 1.19
+go 1.21
 
 require (
 	github.com/ncruces/julianday v0.1.5
diff --git a/go.work b/go.work
index 0aa07f2..18e3785 100644
--- a/go.work
+++ b/go.work
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-go 1.19
+go 1.21
 
 use (
 	.
diff --git a/vfs/clear.go b/vfs/clear.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..035458e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vfs/clear.go
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+//go:build !go1.21
+
+package vfs
+
+func clear(b []byte) {
+	for i := range b {
+		b[i] = 0
+	}
+}
diff --git a/vfs/memdb/clear.go b/vfs/memdb/clear.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b6fc544
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vfs/memdb/clear.go
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+//go:build !go1.21
+
+package memdb
+
+func clear[T any](b []T) {
+	var zero T
+	for i := range b {
+		b[i] = zero
+	}
+}
diff --git a/vfs/memdb/memdb.go b/vfs/memdb/memdb.go
index 5e7f168..f84afbd 100644
--- a/vfs/memdb/memdb.go
+++ b/vfs/memdb/memdb.go
@@ -285,10 +285,3 @@ func divRoundUp(a, b int64) int64 {
 func modRoundUp(a, b int64) int64 {
 	return b - (b-a%b)%b
 }
-
-func clear[T any](b []T) {
-	var zero T
-	for i := range b {
-		b[i] = zero
-	}
-}
diff --git a/vfs/vfs.go b/vfs/vfs.go
index 7aef26d..3114705 100644
--- a/vfs/vfs.go
+++ b/vfs/vfs.go
@@ -432,9 +432,3 @@ func vfsErrorCode(err error, def _ErrorCode) _ErrorCode {
 	}
 	return def
 }
-
-func clear(b []byte) {
-	for i := range b {
-		b[i] = 0
-	}
-}