diff --git a/conn.go b/conn.go
index e201ae4..0b6b3fa 100644
--- a/conn.go
+++ b/conn.go
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ package sqlite3
 import (
 	"bytes"
 	"context"
-	"os"
 	"strconv"
 
 	"github.com/tetratelabs/wazero"
@@ -16,7 +15,6 @@ type Conn struct {
 	module api.Module
 	memory api.Memory
 	api    sqliteAPI
-	files  []*os.File
 }
 
 func Open(filename string) (conn *Conn, err error) {
@@ -40,7 +38,7 @@ func OpenFlags(filename string, flags OpenFlag) (conn *Conn, err error) {
 	}()
 
 	c := newConn(module)
-	c.ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, connContext{}, c)
+	c.ctx = context.Background()
 	namePtr := c.newString(filename)
 	connPtr := c.new(ptrSize)
 	defer c.free(namePtr)
@@ -68,11 +66,6 @@ func (c *Conn) Close() error {
 	if err := c.error(r[0]); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	for _, f := range c.files {
-		if f != nil {
-			f.Close()
-		}
-	}
 	return c.module.Close(c.ctx)
 }
 
@@ -225,17 +218,4 @@ func getString(memory api.Memory, ptr, maxlen uint32) string {
 	}
 }
 
-func (c *Conn) getFile(f *os.File) uint32 {
-	for i := range c.files {
-		if c.files[i] == nil {
-			c.files[i] = f
-			return uint32(i)
-		}
-	}
-	c.files = append(c.files, f)
-	return uint32(len(c.files) - 1)
-}
-
-type connContext struct{}
-
 const ptrSize = 4
diff --git a/sqlite3/main.c b/sqlite3/main.c
index eb2e532..2f6d24c 100644
--- a/sqlite3/main.c
+++ b/sqlite3/main.c
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ int go_full_pathname(sqlite3_vfs *, const char *zName, int nOut, char *zOut);
 struct go_file {
   sqlite3_file base;
   int id;
+  int eLock;
 };
 
 int go_close(sqlite3_file *);
@@ -30,12 +31,17 @@ int go_truncate(sqlite3_file *, sqlite3_int64 size);
 int go_sync(sqlite3_file *, int flags);
 int go_file_size(sqlite3_file *, sqlite3_int64 *pSize);
 
+int go_lock(sqlite3_file *pFile, int eLock);
+int go_unlock(sqlite3_file *pFile, int eLock);
+int go_check_reserved_lock(sqlite3_file *pFile, int *pResOut);
+
 static int no_lock(sqlite3_file *pFile, int eLock) { return SQLITE_OK; }
 static int no_unlock(sqlite3_file *pFile, int eLock) { return SQLITE_OK; }
 static int no_check_reserved_lock(sqlite3_file *pFile, int *pResOut) {
   *pResOut = 0;
   return SQLITE_OK;
 }
+
 static int no_file_control(sqlite3_file *pFile, int op, void *pArg) {
   return SQLITE_NOTFOUND;
 }
@@ -52,9 +58,9 @@ static int go_open_c(sqlite3_vfs *vfs, sqlite3_filename zName,
       .xTruncate = go_truncate,
       .xSync = go_sync,
       .xFileSize = go_file_size,
-      .xLock = no_lock,
-      .xUnlock = no_unlock,
-      .xCheckReservedLock = no_check_reserved_lock,
+      .xLock = go_lock,
+      .xUnlock = go_unlock,
+      .xCheckReservedLock = go_check_reserved_lock,
       .xFileControl = no_file_control,
       .xSectorSize = no_sector_size,
       .xDeviceCharacteristics = no_device_characteristics,
diff --git a/vfs.go b/vfs.go
index 1ef97ea..174023e 100644
--- a/vfs.go
+++ b/vfs.go
@@ -40,6 +40,9 @@ func vfsInstantiate(ctx context.Context, r wazero.Runtime) (err error) {
 	env.NewFunctionBuilder().WithFunc(vfsTruncate).Export("go_truncate")
 	env.NewFunctionBuilder().WithFunc(vfsSync).Export("go_sync")
 	env.NewFunctionBuilder().WithFunc(vfsFileSize).Export("go_file_size")
+	env.NewFunctionBuilder().WithFunc(vfsLock).Export("go_lock")
+	env.NewFunctionBuilder().WithFunc(vfsUnlock).Export("go_unlock")
+	env.NewFunctionBuilder().WithFunc(vfsCheckReservedLock).Export("go_check_reserved_lock")
 	_, err = env.Instantiate(ctx)
 	return err
 }
@@ -89,6 +92,10 @@ func vfsFullPathname(ctx context.Context, mod api.Module, pVfs, zRelative, nFull
 		return uint32(IOERR)
 	}
 
+	// Consider either using [filepath.EvalSymlinks] to canonicalize the path (as the Unix VFS does).
+	// Or using [os.Readlink] to resolve a symbolic link (as the Unix VFS did).
+	// This might be buggy on Windows (the Windows VFS doesn't try).
+
 	siz := uint32(len(abs) + 1)
 	if siz > nFull {
 		return uint32(IOERR)
@@ -166,7 +173,6 @@ func vfsAccess(ctx context.Context, mod api.Module, pVfs, zPath, flags, pResOut
 
 func vfsOpen(ctx context.Context, mod api.Module, pVfs, zName, pFile, flags, pOutFlags uint32) uint32 {
 	name := getString(mod.Memory(), zName, _MAX_PATHNAME)
-	c := ctx.Value(connContext{}).(*Conn)
 
 	var oflags int
 	if OpenFlag(flags)&OPEN_EXCLUSIVE != 0 {
@@ -181,14 +187,17 @@ func vfsOpen(ctx context.Context, mod api.Module, pVfs, zName, pFile, flags, pOu
 	if OpenFlag(flags)&OPEN_READWRITE != 0 {
 		oflags |= os.O_RDWR
 	}
-	f, err := os.OpenFile(name, oflags, 0600)
+	file, err := os.OpenFile(name, oflags, 0600)
 	if err != nil {
 		return uint32(CANTOPEN)
 	}
 
-	if ok := mod.Memory().WriteUint32Le(pFile+ptrSize, c.getFile(f)); !ok {
-		panic(rangeErr)
+	id, err := vfsGetFileID(file)
+	if err != nil {
+		return uint32(CANTOPEN)
 	}
+	vfsSetFileData(mod, pFile, id, _NO_LOCK)
+
 	if pOutFlags == 0 {
 		return _OK
 	}
@@ -199,37 +208,20 @@ func vfsOpen(ctx context.Context, mod api.Module, pVfs, zName, pFile, flags, pOu
 }
 
 func vfsClose(ctx context.Context, mod api.Module, pFile uint32) uint32 {
-	id, ok := mod.Memory().ReadUint32Le(pFile + ptrSize)
-	if !ok {
-		panic(rangeErr)
-	}
-
-	c := ctx.Value(connContext{}).(*Conn)
-	err := c.files[id].Close()
-	c.files[id] = nil
+	err := vfsReleaseFile(mod, pFile)
 	if err != nil {
 		return uint32(IOERR_CLOSE)
 	}
 	return _OK
 }
 
-func vfsFile(ctx context.Context, mod api.Module, pFile uint32) *os.File {
-	id, ok := mod.Memory().ReadUint32Le(pFile + ptrSize)
-	if !ok {
-		panic(rangeErr)
-	}
-
-	c := ctx.Value(connContext{}).(*Conn)
-	return c.files[id]
-}
-
 func vfsRead(ctx context.Context, mod api.Module, pFile, zBuf, iAmt uint32, iOfst uint64) uint32 {
 	mem, ok := mod.Memory().Read(zBuf, iAmt)
 	if !ok {
 		panic(rangeErr)
 	}
 
-	file := vfsFile(ctx, mod, pFile)
+	file := vfsGetOSFile(mod, pFile)
 	n, err := file.ReadAt(mem, int64(iOfst))
 	if n == int(iAmt) {
 		return _OK
@@ -249,7 +241,7 @@ func vfsWrite(ctx context.Context, mod api.Module, pFile, zBuf, iAmt uint32, iOf
 		panic(rangeErr)
 	}
 
-	file := vfsFile(ctx, mod, pFile)
+	file := vfsGetOSFile(mod, pFile)
 	_, err := file.WriteAt(mem, int64(iOfst))
 	if err != nil {
 		return uint32(IOERR_WRITE)
@@ -258,7 +250,7 @@ func vfsWrite(ctx context.Context, mod api.Module, pFile, zBuf, iAmt uint32, iOf
 }
 
 func vfsTruncate(ctx context.Context, mod api.Module, pFile uint32, nByte uint64) uint32 {
-	file := vfsFile(ctx, mod, pFile)
+	file := vfsGetOSFile(mod, pFile)
 	err := file.Truncate(int64(nByte))
 	if err != nil {
 		return uint32(IOERR_TRUNCATE)
@@ -267,7 +259,7 @@ func vfsTruncate(ctx context.Context, mod api.Module, pFile uint32, nByte uint64
 }
 
 func vfsSync(ctx context.Context, mod api.Module, pFile, flags uint32) uint32 {
-	file := vfsFile(ctx, mod, pFile)
+	file := vfsGetOSFile(mod, pFile)
 	err := file.Sync()
 	if err != nil {
 		return uint32(IOERR_FSYNC)
@@ -276,7 +268,9 @@ func vfsSync(ctx context.Context, mod api.Module, pFile, flags uint32) uint32 {
 }
 
 func vfsFileSize(ctx context.Context, mod api.Module, pFile, pSize uint32) uint32 {
-	file := vfsFile(ctx, mod, pFile)
+	// This uses [file.Seek] because we don't care about the offset for reading/writing.
+	// But consider using [file.Stat] instead (as other VFSes do).
+	file := vfsGetOSFile(mod, pFile)
 	off, err := file.Seek(0, io.SeekEnd)
 	if err != nil {
 		return uint32(IOERR_SEEK)
diff --git a/vfs_files.go b/vfs_files.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..73447e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vfs_files.go
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+package sqlite3
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"sync"
+
+	"github.com/tetratelabs/wazero/api"
+)
+
+type vfsOpenFile struct {
+	file *os.File
+	info os.FileInfo
+	nref int
+	lock int
+}
+
+var (
+	vfsMutex     sync.Mutex
+	vfsOpenFiles []*vfsOpenFile
+)
+
+func vfsGetFileID(file *os.File) (uint32, error) {
+	fi, err := file.Stat()
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+
+	vfsMutex.Lock()
+	defer vfsMutex.Unlock()
+
+	// Reuse an already opened file.
+	for id, of := range vfsOpenFiles {
+		if of == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		if os.SameFile(fi, of.info) {
+			if err := file.Close(); err != nil {
+				return 0, err
+			}
+			of.nref++
+			return uint32(id), nil
+		}
+	}
+
+	openFile := vfsOpenFile{
+		file: file,
+		info: fi,
+		nref: 1,
+	}
+
+	// Find an empty slot.
+	for id, of := range vfsOpenFiles {
+		if of == nil {
+			vfsOpenFiles[id] = &openFile
+			return uint32(id), nil
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Add a new slot.
+	id := len(vfsOpenFiles)
+	vfsOpenFiles = append(vfsOpenFiles, &openFile)
+	return uint32(id), nil
+}
+
+func vfsReleaseFile(mod api.Module, pFile uint32) error {
+	id, ok := mod.Memory().ReadUint32Le(pFile + ptrSize)
+	if !ok {
+		panic(rangeErr)
+	}
+
+	vfsMutex.Lock()
+	defer vfsMutex.Unlock()
+
+	of := vfsOpenFiles[id]
+	if of.nref--; of.nref > 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	err := of.file.Close()
+	vfsOpenFiles[id] = nil
+	return err
+}
+
+func vfsGetOSFile(mod api.Module, pFile uint32) *os.File {
+	id, ok := mod.Memory().ReadUint32Le(pFile + ptrSize)
+	if !ok {
+		panic(rangeErr)
+	}
+	return vfsOpenFiles[id].file
+}
+
+func vfsGetFileData(mod api.Module, pFile uint32) (id, lock uint32) {
+	var ok bool
+	if id, ok = mod.Memory().ReadUint32Le(pFile + ptrSize); !ok {
+		panic(rangeErr)
+	}
+	if lock, ok = mod.Memory().ReadUint32Le(pFile + 2*ptrSize); !ok {
+		panic(rangeErr)
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+func vfsSetFileData(mod api.Module, pFile, id, lock uint32) {
+	if ok := mod.Memory().WriteUint32Le(pFile+ptrSize, id); !ok {
+		panic(rangeErr)
+	}
+	if ok := mod.Memory().WriteUint32Le(pFile+2*ptrSize, lock); !ok {
+		panic(rangeErr)
+	}
+}
+
+const (
+	_NO_LOCK        = 0
+	_SHARED_LOCK    = 1
+	_RESERVED_LOCK  = 2
+	_PENDING_LOCK   = 3
+	_EXCLUSIVE_LOCK = 4
+)
diff --git a/vfs_unix.go b/vfs_unix.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b7d7468
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vfs_unix.go
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+//go:build unix
+
+package sqlite3
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	"github.com/tetratelabs/wazero/api"
+)
+
+func vfsLock(ctx context.Context, mod api.Module, pFile, eLock uint32) uint32 {
+	return _OK
+}
+
+func vfsUnlock(ctx context.Context, mod api.Module, pFile, eLock uint32) uint32 {
+	return _OK
+}
+
+func vfsCheckReservedLock(ctx context.Context, mod api.Module, pFile, pResOut uint32) uint32 {
+	mod.Memory().WriteUint32Le(pResOut, 0)
+	return _OK
+}
diff --git a/vfs_windows.go b/vfs_windows.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a979332
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vfs_windows.go
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+package sqlite3
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	"github.com/tetratelabs/wazero/api"
+)
+
+func vfsLock(ctx context.Context, pFile, eLock uint32) uint32 {
+	return _OK
+}
+
+func vfsUnlock(ctx context.Context, pFile, eLock uint32) uint32 {
+	return _OK
+}
+
+func vfsCheckReservedLock(ctx context.Context, mod api.Module, pFile, pResOut uint32) uint32 {
+	mod.Memory().WriteUint32Le(pResOut, 0)
+	return _OK
+}