feat: add non-dag codec variants (json/cbor)

We now CBOR, at least, in Filecoin when we want structured data that
can't have links.

.github/dependabot.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+version: 2
+updates:
+- package-ecosystem: gomod
+  directory: "/"
+  schedule:
+    interval: weekly
+    time: "11:00"
+  open-pull-requests-limit: 10

.github/workflows/automerge.yml

@@ -1,51 +1,11 @@
 # File managed by web3-bot. DO NOT EDIT.
 # See https://github.com/protocol/.github/ for details.
 
-# Automatically merge pull requests opened by web3-bot, as soon as (and only if) all tests pass.
-# This reduces the friction associated with updating with our workflows.
-
-on: [ pull_request ]
 name: Automerge
+on: [ pull_request ]
 
 jobs:
-  automerge-check:
-    if: github.event.pull_request.user.login == 'web3-bot'
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    outputs:
-      status: ${{ steps.should-automerge.outputs.status }}
-    steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v2
-      with:
-        fetch-depth: 0
-    - name: Check if we should automerge
-      id: should-automerge
-      run: |
-        for commit in $(git rev-list --first-parent origin/${{ github.event.pull_request.base.ref }}..${{ github.event.pull_request.head.sha }}); do
-          committer=$(git show --format=$'%ce' -s $commit)
-          echo "Committer: $committer"
-          if [[ "$committer" != "web3-bot@users.noreply.github.com" ]]; then
-            echo "Commit $commit wasn't committed by web3-bot, but by $committer."
-            echo "::set-output name=status::false"
-            exit
-          fi
-        done
-        echo "::set-output name=status::true"
   automerge:
-    needs: automerge-check
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    if: ${{ needs.automerge-check.outputs.status == 'true' }}
-    steps:
-    - name: Wait on tests
-      uses: lewagon/wait-on-check-action@bafe56a6863672c681c3cf671f5e10b20abf2eaa # v0.2
-      with:
-        ref: ${{ github.event.pull_request.head.sha }}
-        repo-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-        wait-interval: 10
-        running-workflow-name: 'automerge' # the name of this job
-    - name: Merge PR
-      uses: pascalgn/automerge-action@741c311a47881be9625932b0a0de1b0937aab1ae # v0.13.1
-      env:
-        GITHUB_TOKEN: "${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}"
-        MERGE_LABELS: ""
-        MERGE_METHOD: "squash"
-        MERGE_DELETE_BRANCH: true
+    uses: protocol/.github/.github/workflows/automerge.yml@master
+    with:
+      job: 'automerge'

.github/workflows/go-check.yml

@@ -9,16 +9,21 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     name: All
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
         with:
           submodules: recursive
-      - uses: actions/setup-go@v2
+      - id: config
+        uses: protocol/.github/.github/actions/read-config@master
+      - uses: actions/setup-go@v3
         with:
-          go-version: "1.16.x"
+          go-version: 1.20.x
+      - name: Run repo-specific setup
+        uses: ./.github/actions/go-check-setup
+        if: hashFiles('./.github/actions/go-check-setup') != ''
       - name: Install staticcheck
-        run: go install honnef.co/go/tools/cmd/staticcheck@434f5f3816b358fe468fa83dcba62d794e7fe04b # 2021.1 (v0.2.0)
+        run: go install honnef.co/go/tools/cmd/staticcheck@4970552d932f48b71485287748246cf3237cebdf # 2023.1 (v0.4.0)
       - name: Check that go.mod is tidy
-        uses: protocol/multiple-go-modules@v1.0
+        uses: protocol/multiple-go-modules@v1.2
         with:
           run: |
             go mod tidy
@@ -28,7 +33,7 @@ jobs:
             fi
             git diff --exit-code -- go.sum go.mod
       - name: gofmt
-        if: ${{ success() || failure() }} # run this step even if the previous one failed
+        if: success() || failure() # run this step even if the previous one failed
         run: |
           out=$(gofmt -s -l .)
           if [[ -n "$out" ]]; then
@@ -36,15 +41,27 @@ jobs:
             exit 1
           fi
       - name: go vet
-        if: ${{ success() || failure() }} # run this step even if the previous one failed
-        uses: protocol/multiple-go-modules@v1.0
+        if: success() || failure() # run this step even if the previous one failed
+        uses: protocol/multiple-go-modules@v1.2
         with:
           run: go vet ./...
       - name: staticcheck
-        if: ${{ success() || failure() }} # run this step even if the previous one failed
-        uses: protocol/multiple-go-modules@v1.0
+        if: success() || failure() # run this step even if the previous one failed
+        uses: protocol/multiple-go-modules@v1.2
         with:
           run: |
             set -o pipefail
             staticcheck ./... | sed -e 's@\(.*\)\.go@./\1.go@g'
-
+      - name: go generate
+        uses: protocol/multiple-go-modules@v1.2
+        if: (success() || failure()) && fromJSON(steps.config.outputs.json).gogenerate == true
+        with:
+          run: |
+            git clean -fd # make sure there aren't untracked files / directories
+            go generate -x ./...
+            # check if go generate modified or added any files
+            if ! $(git add . && git diff-index HEAD --exit-code --quiet); then
+              echo "go generated caused changes to the repository:"
+              git status --short
+              exit 1
+            fi

.github/workflows/go-test.yml

@@ -10,38 +10,67 @@ jobs:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
         os: [ "ubuntu", "windows", "macos" ]
-        go: [ "1.15.x", "1.16.x" ]
-    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}-latest
-    name: ${{ matrix.os}} (go ${{ matrix.go }})
+        go: ["1.19.x","1.20.x"]
+    env:
+      COVERAGES: ""
+    runs-on: ${{ fromJSON(vars[format('UCI_GO_TEST_RUNNER_{0}', matrix.os)] || format('"{0}-latest"', matrix.os)) }}
+    name: ${{ matrix.os }} (go ${{ matrix.go }})
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
         with:
           submodules: recursive
-      - uses: actions/setup-go@v2
+      - id: config
+        uses: protocol/.github/.github/actions/read-config@master
+      - uses: actions/setup-go@v3
         with:
           go-version: ${{ matrix.go }}
       - name: Go information
         run: |
           go version
           go env
+      - name: Use msys2 on windows
+        if: matrix.os == 'windows'
+        shell: bash
+        # The executable for msys2 is also called bash.cmd
+        #   https://github.com/actions/virtual-environments/blob/main/images/win/Windows2019-Readme.md#shells
+        # If we prepend its location to the PATH
+        #   subsequent 'shell: bash' steps will use msys2 instead of gitbash
+        run: echo "C:/msys64/usr/bin" >> $GITHUB_PATH
+      - name: Run repo-specific setup
+        uses: ./.github/actions/go-test-setup
+        if: hashFiles('./.github/actions/go-test-setup') != ''
       - name: Run tests
-        uses: protocol/multiple-go-modules@v1.0
+        if: contains(fromJSON(steps.config.outputs.json).skipOSes, matrix.os) == false
+        uses: protocol/multiple-go-modules@v1.2
         with:
-          run: go test -v -coverprofile coverage.txt ./...
+          # Use -coverpkg=./..., so that we include cross-package coverage.
+          # If package ./A imports ./B, and ./A's tests also cover ./B,
+          # this means ./B's coverage will be significantly higher than 0%.
+          run: go test -v -shuffle=on -coverprofile=module-coverage.txt -coverpkg=./... ./...
       - name: Run tests (32 bit)
-        if: ${{ matrix.os != 'macos' }} # can't run 32 bit tests on OSX.
-        uses: protocol/multiple-go-modules@v1.0
+        # can't run 32 bit tests on OSX.
+        if: matrix.os != 'macos' &&
+          fromJSON(steps.config.outputs.json).skip32bit != true &&
+          contains(fromJSON(steps.config.outputs.json).skipOSes, matrix.os) == false
+        uses: protocol/multiple-go-modules@v1.2
         env:
           GOARCH: 386
         with:
-          run: go test -v ./...
+          run: |
+            export "PATH=$PATH_386:$PATH"
+            go test -v -shuffle=on ./...
       - name: Run tests with race detector
-        if: ${{ matrix.os == 'ubuntu' }} # speed things up. Windows and OSX VMs are slow
-        uses: protocol/multiple-go-modules@v1.0
+        # speed things up. Windows and OSX VMs are slow
+        if: matrix.os == 'ubuntu' &&
+          contains(fromJSON(steps.config.outputs.json).skipOSes, matrix.os) == false
+        uses: protocol/multiple-go-modules@v1.2
         with:
           run: go test -v -race ./...
+      - name: Collect coverage files
+        shell: bash
+        run: echo "COVERAGES=$(find . -type f -name 'module-coverage.txt' | tr -s '\n' ',' | sed 's/,$//')" >> $GITHUB_ENV
       - name: Upload coverage to Codecov
-        uses: codecov/codecov-action@a1ed4b322b4b38cb846afb5a0ebfa17086917d27 # v1.5.0
+        uses: codecov/codecov-action@d9f34f8cd5cb3b3eb79b3e4b5dae3a16df499a70 # v3.1.1
         with:
-          file: coverage.txt
+          files: '${{ env.COVERAGES }}'
           env_vars: OS=${{ matrix.os }}, GO=${{ matrix.go }}

.github/workflows/release-check.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+# File managed by web3-bot. DO NOT EDIT.
+# See https://github.com/protocol/.github/ for details.
+
+name: Release Checker
+on:
+  pull_request_target:
+    paths: [ 'version.json' ]
+
+jobs:
+  release-check:
+    uses: protocol/.github/.github/workflows/release-check.yml@master
+    with:
+      go-version: 1.20.x

.github/workflows/releaser.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# File managed by web3-bot. DO NOT EDIT.
+# See https://github.com/protocol/.github/ for details.
+
+name: Releaser
+on:
+  push:
+    paths: [ 'version.json' ]
+
+jobs:
+  releaser:
+    uses: protocol/.github/.github/workflows/releaser.yml@master

.github/workflows/stale.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+name: Close and mark stale issue
+
+on:
+  schedule:
+  - cron: '0 0 * * *'
+
+jobs:
+  stale:
+
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      issues: write
+      pull-requests: write
+
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/stale@v3
+      with:
+        repo-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        stale-issue-message: 'Oops, seems like we needed more information for this issue, please comment with more details or this issue will be closed in 7 days.'
+        close-issue-message: 'This issue was closed because it is missing author input.'
+        stale-issue-label: 'kind/stale'
+        any-of-labels: 'need/author-input'
+        exempt-issue-labels: 'need/triage,need/community-input,need/maintainer-input,need/maintainers-input,need/analysis,status/blocked,status/in-progress,status/ready,status/deferred,status/inactive'
+        days-before-issue-stale: 6
+        days-before-issue-close: 7
+        enable-statistics: true

.github/workflows/tagpush.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+# File managed by web3-bot. DO NOT EDIT.
+# See https://github.com/protocol/.github/ for details.
+
+name: Tag Push Checker
+on:
+  push:
+    tags:
+      - v*
+
+jobs:
+  releaser:
+    uses: protocol/.github/.github/workflows/tagpush.yml@master

README.md

@@ -59,10 +59,17 @@ fmt.Println("Got CID: ", c)
 #### Creating a CID from scratch
 
 ```go
+
+import (
+  cid "github.com/ipfs/go-cid"
+  mc "github.com/multiformats/go-multicodec"
+  mh "github.com/multiformats/go-multihash"
+)
+
 // Create a cid manually by specifying the 'prefix' parameters
 pref := cid.Prefix{
 	Version: 1,
-	Codec: cid.Raw,
+	Codec: uint64(mc.Raw),
 	MhType: mh.SHA2_256,
 	MhLength: -1, // default length
 }

_rsrch/cidiface/cid.go

@@ -39,7 +39,8 @@ type Cid interface {
 // and the Multihash length. It does not contains
 // any actual content information.
 // NOTE: The use -1 in MhLength to mean default length is deprecated,
-//   use the V0Builder or V1Builder structures instead
+//
+//	use the V0Builder or V1Builder structures instead
 type Prefix struct {
 	Version  uint64
 	Codec    uint64

_rsrch/cidiface/cidBoxingBench_test.go

@@ -12,14 +12,14 @@ import (
 //
 // Sample results on linux amd64 go1.11beta:
 //
-//   BenchmarkCidMap_CidStr-8          100000             16317 ns/op
-//   BenchmarkCidMap_CidIface-8        100000             20516 ns/op
+//	BenchmarkCidMap_CidStr-8          100000             16317 ns/op
+//	BenchmarkCidMap_CidIface-8        100000             20516 ns/op
 //
 // With benchmem on:
 //
-//   BenchmarkCidMap_CidStr-8          100000             15579 ns/op           11223 B/op        207 allocs/op
-//   BenchmarkCidMap_CidIface-8        100000             19500 ns/op           12824 B/op        307 allocs/op
-//   BenchmarkCidMap_StrPlusHax-8      200000             10451 ns/op            7589 B/op        202 allocs/op
+//	BenchmarkCidMap_CidStr-8          100000             15579 ns/op           11223 B/op        207 allocs/op
+//	BenchmarkCidMap_CidIface-8        100000             19500 ns/op           12824 B/op        307 allocs/op
+//	BenchmarkCidMap_StrPlusHax-8      200000             10451 ns/op            7589 B/op        202 allocs/op
 //
 // We can see here that the impact of interface boxing is significant:
 // it increases the time taken to do the inserts to 133%, largely because
@@ -36,7 +36,6 @@ import (
 // re-arranges itself, it involves more or less an O(n) copy of the content
 // in addition to the alloc itself).  This isn't topical to the question of
 // whether or not interfaces are a good idea; just for contextualizing.
-//
 func BenchmarkCidMap_CidStr(b *testing.B) {
 	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
 		mp := map[CidStr]int{}

_rsrch/cidiface/cidString.go

@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ func NewCidStr(version uint64, codecType uint64, mhash mh.Multihash) CidStr {
 //
 // For CidV1, the data buffer is in the form:
 //
-//     <version><codec-type><multihash>
+//	<version><codec-type><multihash>
 //
 // CidV0 are also supported. In particular, data buffers starting
 // with length 34 bytes, which starts with bytes [18,32...] are considered

_rsrch/cidiface/cidStruct.go

@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ func (c CidStruct) Prefix() Prefix {
 //
 // For CidV1, the data buffer is in the form:
 //
-//     <version><codec-type><multihash>
+//	<version><codec-type><multihash>
 //
 // CidV0 are also supported. In particular, data buffers starting
 // with length 34 bytes, which starts with bytes [18,32...] are considered

benchmark_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+package cid_test
+
+import (
+	"math/rand"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/ipfs/go-cid"
+	"github.com/multiformats/go-multihash"
+)
+
+// BenchmarkIdentityCheck benchmarks two ways of checking whether a CIDv1 has multihash.IDENTITY
+// code:
+//  1. Cid.Prefix(), and
+//  2. decoding the Cid.Hash().
+//
+// This benchmark illustrates that using Cid.Prefix is more efficient than multihash.Decode.
+// Users wishing to perform such a check should use Cid.Prefix.
+//
+// Consider that `Cid.Prefix` is already efficient enough and introducing a dedicated API for
+// performing this check will likely result in small gains.
+func BenchmarkIdentityCheck(b *testing.B) {
+	rng := rand.New(rand.NewSource(1413))
+
+	data := make([]byte, rng.Intn(100)+1024)
+	if _, err := rng.Read(data); err != nil {
+		b.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	mh, err := multihash.Sum(data, multihash.IDENTITY, -1)
+	if err != nil {
+		b.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	cv1 := cid.NewCidV1(cid.Raw, mh)
+
+	b.SetBytes(int64(cv1.ByteLen()))
+	b.ReportAllocs()
+	b.ResetTimer()
+
+	b.Run("Prefix", func(b *testing.B) {
+		b.RunParallel(func(pb *testing.PB) {
+			for pb.Next() {
+				if cv1.Prefix().MhType != multihash.IDENTITY {
+					b.Fatal("expected IDENTITY CID")
+				}
+			}
+		})
+	})
+
+	b.Run("MultihashDecode", func(b *testing.B) {
+		b.RunParallel(func(pb *testing.PB) {
+			for pb.Next() {
+				dmh, err := multihash.Decode(cv1.Hash())
+				if err != nil {
+					b.Fatal(err)
+				}
+				if dmh.Code != multihash.IDENTITY {
+					b.Fatal("expected IDENTITY CID")
+				}
+			}
+		})
+	})
+}

cid.go

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 //
 // A CIDv1 has four parts:
 //
-//     <cidv1> ::= <multibase-prefix><cid-version><multicodec-packed-content-type><multihash-content-address>
+//	<cidv1> ::= <multibase-prefix><cid-version><multicodec-packed-content-type><multihash-content-address>
 //
 // As shown above, the CID implementation relies heavily on Multiformats,
 // particularly Multibase
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ package cid
 import (
 	"bytes"
 	"encoding"
+	"encoding/binary"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
@@ -36,29 +37,57 @@ import (
 // UnsupportedVersionString just holds an error message
 const UnsupportedVersionString = "<unsupported cid version>"
 
+// ErrInvalidCid is an error that indicates that a CID is invalid.
+type ErrInvalidCid struct {
+	Err error
+}
+
+func (e ErrInvalidCid) Error() string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("invalid cid: %s", e.Err)
+}
+
+func (e ErrInvalidCid) Unwrap() error {
+	return e.Err
+}
+
+func (e ErrInvalidCid) Is(err error) bool {
+	switch err.(type) {
+	case ErrInvalidCid, *ErrInvalidCid:
+		return true
+	default:
+		return false
+	}
+}
+
 var (
 	// ErrCidTooShort means that the cid passed to decode was not long
 	// enough to be a valid Cid
-	ErrCidTooShort = errors.New("cid too short")
+	ErrCidTooShort = ErrInvalidCid{errors.New("cid too short")}
 
 	// ErrInvalidEncoding means that selected encoding is not supported
 	// by this Cid version
 	ErrInvalidEncoding = errors.New("invalid base encoding")
 )
 
-// These are multicodec-packed content types. The should match
-// the codes described in the authoritative document:
-// https://github.com/multiformats/multicodec/blob/master/table.csv
+// Consts below are DEPRECATED and left only for legacy reasons:
+// <https://github.com/ipfs/go-cid/pull/137>
+// Modern code should use consts from go-multicodec instead:
+// <https://github.com/multiformats/go-multicodec>
 const (
-	Raw = 0x55
+	// common ones
+	Raw         = 0x55
+	DagProtobuf = 0x70   // https://ipld.io/docs/codecs/known/dag-pb/
+	DagCBOR     = 0x71   // https://ipld.io/docs/codecs/known/dag-cbor/
+	DagJSON     = 0x0129 // https://ipld.io/docs/codecs/known/dag-json/
+	Libp2pKey   = 0x72   // https://github.com/libp2p/specs/blob/master/peer-ids/peer-ids.md#peer-ids
 
-	DagProtobuf = 0x70
-	DagCBOR     = 0x71
-	Libp2pKey   = 0x72
+	// Non "dag" variants of common codecs
+	CBOR = 0x51   // Regular (arbitrary) CBOR.
+	JSON = 0x0200 // Regular (arbitrary) JSON.
 
-	GitRaw = 0x78
-
-	DagJOSE               = 0x85
+	// other
+	GitRaw                = 0x78
+	DagJOSE               = 0x85 // https://ipld.io/specs/codecs/dag-jose/spec/
 	EthBlock              = 0x90
 	EthBlockList          = 0x91
 	EthTxTrie             = 0x92
@@ -80,64 +109,6 @@ const (
 	FilCommitmentSealed   = 0xf102
 )
 
-// Codecs maps the name of a codec to its type
-var Codecs = map[string]uint64{
-	"v0":                      DagProtobuf,
-	"raw":                     Raw,
-	"protobuf":                DagProtobuf,
-	"cbor":                    DagCBOR,
-	"libp2p-key":              Libp2pKey,
-	"git-raw":                 GitRaw,
-	"eth-block":               EthBlock,
-	"eth-block-list":          EthBlockList,
-	"eth-tx-trie":             EthTxTrie,
-	"eth-tx":                  EthTx,
-	"eth-tx-receipt-trie":     EthTxReceiptTrie,
-	"eth-tx-receipt":          EthTxReceipt,
-	"eth-state-trie":          EthStateTrie,
-	"eth-account-snapshot":    EthAccountSnapshot,
-	"eth-storage-trie":        EthStorageTrie,
-	"bitcoin-block":           BitcoinBlock,
-	"bitcoin-tx":              BitcoinTx,
-	"zcash-block":             ZcashBlock,
-	"zcash-tx":                ZcashTx,
-	"decred-block":            DecredBlock,
-	"decred-tx":               DecredTx,
-	"dash-block":              DashBlock,
-	"dash-tx":                 DashTx,
-	"fil-commitment-unsealed": FilCommitmentUnsealed,
-	"fil-commitment-sealed":   FilCommitmentSealed,
-	"dag-jose":                DagJOSE,
-}
-
-// CodecToStr maps the numeric codec to its name
-var CodecToStr = map[uint64]string{
-	Raw:                   "raw",
-	DagProtobuf:           "protobuf",
-	DagCBOR:               "cbor",
-	GitRaw:                "git-raw",
-	EthBlock:              "eth-block",
-	EthBlockList:          "eth-block-list",
-	EthTxTrie:             "eth-tx-trie",
-	EthTx:                 "eth-tx",
-	EthTxReceiptTrie:      "eth-tx-receipt-trie",
-	EthTxReceipt:          "eth-tx-receipt",
-	EthStateTrie:          "eth-state-trie",
-	EthAccountSnapshot:    "eth-account-snapshot",
-	EthStorageTrie:        "eth-storage-trie",
-	BitcoinBlock:          "bitcoin-block",
-	BitcoinTx:             "bitcoin-tx",
-	ZcashBlock:            "zcash-block",
-	ZcashTx:               "zcash-tx",
-	DecredBlock:           "decred-block",
-	DecredTx:              "decred-tx",
-	DashBlock:             "dash-block",
-	DashTx:                "dash-tx",
-	FilCommitmentUnsealed: "fil-commitment-unsealed",
-	FilCommitmentSealed:   "fil-commitment-sealed",
-	DagJOSE:               "dag-jose",
-}
-
 // tryNewCidV0 tries to convert a multihash into a CIDv0 CID and returns an
 // error on failure.
 func tryNewCidV0(mhash mh.Multihash) (Cid, error) {
@@ -145,10 +116,10 @@ func tryNewCidV0(mhash mh.Multihash) (Cid, error) {
 	// incorrectly detect it as CidV1 in the Version() method
 	dec, err := mh.Decode(mhash)
 	if err != nil {
-		return Undef, err
+		return Undef, ErrInvalidCid{err}
 	}
 	if dec.Code != mh.SHA2_256 || dec.Length != 32 {
-		return Undef, fmt.Errorf("invalid hash for cidv0 %d-%d", dec.Code, dec.Length)
+		return Undef, ErrInvalidCid{fmt.Errorf("invalid hash for cidv0 %d-%d", dec.Code, dec.Length)}
 	}
 	return Cid{string(mhash)}, nil
 }
@@ -173,16 +144,24 @@ func NewCidV0(mhash mh.Multihash) Cid {
 // Panics if the multihash is invalid.
 func NewCidV1(codecType uint64, mhash mh.Multihash) Cid {
 	hashlen := len(mhash)
-	// two 8 bytes (max) numbers plus hash
-	buf := make([]byte, 1+varint.UvarintSize(codecType)+hashlen)
-	n := varint.PutUvarint(buf, 1)
-	n += varint.PutUvarint(buf[n:], codecType)
-	cn := copy(buf[n:], mhash)
+
+	// Two 8 bytes (max) numbers plus hash.
+	// We use strings.Builder to only allocate once.
+	var b strings.Builder
+	b.Grow(1 + varint.UvarintSize(codecType) + hashlen)
+
+	b.WriteByte(1)
+
+	var buf [binary.MaxVarintLen64]byte
+	n := varint.PutUvarint(buf[:], codecType)
+	b.Write(buf[:n])
+
+	cn, _ := b.Write(mhash)
 	if cn != hashlen {
 		panic("copy hash length is inconsistent")
 	}
 
-	return Cid{string(buf[:n+hashlen])}
+	return Cid{b.String()}
 }
 
 var (
@@ -224,14 +203,23 @@ func Parse(v interface{}) (Cid, error) {
 	case Cid:
 		return v2, nil
 	default:
-		return Undef, fmt.Errorf("can't parse %+v as Cid", v2)
+		return Undef, ErrInvalidCid{fmt.Errorf("can't parse %+v as Cid", v2)}
 	}
 }
 
+// MustParse calls Parse but will panic on error.
+func MustParse(v interface{}) Cid {
+	c, err := Parse(v)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	return c
+}
+
 // Decode parses a Cid-encoded string and returns a Cid object.
 // For CidV1, a Cid-encoded string is primarily a multibase string:
 //
-//     <multibase-type-code><base-encoded-string>
+//	<multibase-type-code><base-encoded-string>
 //
 // The base-encoded string represents a:
 //
@@ -248,7 +236,7 @@ func Decode(v string) (Cid, error) {
 	if len(v) == 46 && v[:2] == "Qm" {
 		hash, err := mh.FromB58String(v)
 		if err != nil {
-			return Undef, err
+			return Undef, ErrInvalidCid{err}
 		}
 
 		return tryNewCidV0(hash)
@@ -256,7 +244,7 @@ func Decode(v string) (Cid, error) {
 
 	_, data, err := mbase.Decode(v)
 	if err != nil {
-		return Undef, err
+		return Undef, ErrInvalidCid{err}
 	}
 
 	return Cast(data)
@@ -278,7 +266,7 @@ func ExtractEncoding(v string) (mbase.Encoding, error) {
 	// check encoding is valid
 	_, err := mbase.NewEncoder(encoding)
 	if err != nil {
-		return -1, err
+		return -1, ErrInvalidCid{err}
 	}
 
 	return encoding, nil
@@ -287,7 +275,7 @@ func ExtractEncoding(v string) (mbase.Encoding, error) {
 // Cast takes a Cid data slice, parses it and returns a Cid.
 // For CidV1, the data buffer is in the form:
 //
-//     <version><codec-type><multihash>
+//	<version><codec-type><multihash>
 //
 // CidV0 are also supported. In particular, data buffers starting
 // with length 34 bytes, which starts with bytes [18,32...] are considered
@@ -298,11 +286,11 @@ func ExtractEncoding(v string) (mbase.Encoding, error) {
 func Cast(data []byte) (Cid, error) {
 	nr, c, err := CidFromBytes(data)
 	if err != nil {
-		return Undef, err
+		return Undef, ErrInvalidCid{err}
 	}
 
 	if nr != len(data) {
-		return Undef, fmt.Errorf("trailing bytes in data buffer passed to cid Cast")
+		return Undef, ErrInvalidCid{fmt.Errorf("trailing bytes in data buffer passed to cid Cast")}
 	}
 
 	return c, nil
@@ -416,7 +404,13 @@ func (c Cid) Hash() mh.Multihash {
 // Bytes returns the byte representation of a Cid.
 // The output of bytes can be parsed back into a Cid
 // with Cast().
+//
+// If c.Defined() == false, it return a nil slice and may not
+// be parsable with Cast().
 func (c Cid) Bytes() []byte {
+	if !c.Defined() {
+		return nil
+	}
 	return []byte(c.str)
 }
 
@@ -466,7 +460,7 @@ func (c Cid) Equals(o Cid) bool {
 // UnmarshalJSON parses the JSON representation of a Cid.
 func (c *Cid) UnmarshalJSON(b []byte) error {
 	if len(b) < 2 {
-		return fmt.Errorf("invalid cid json blob")
+		return ErrInvalidCid{fmt.Errorf("invalid cid json blob")}
 	}
 	obj := struct {
 		CidTarget string `json:"/"`
@@ -474,7 +468,7 @@ func (c *Cid) UnmarshalJSON(b []byte) error {
 	objptr := &obj
 	err := json.Unmarshal(b, &objptr)
 	if err != nil {
-		return err
+		return ErrInvalidCid{err}
 	}
 	if objptr == nil {
 		*c = Cid{}
@@ -482,12 +476,12 @@ func (c *Cid) UnmarshalJSON(b []byte) error {
 	}
 
 	if obj.CidTarget == "" {
-		return fmt.Errorf("cid was incorrectly formatted")
+		return ErrInvalidCid{fmt.Errorf("cid was incorrectly formatted")}
 	}
 
 	out, err := Decode(obj.CidTarget)
 	if err != nil {
-		return err
+		return ErrInvalidCid{err}
 	}
 
 	*c = out
@@ -497,7 +491,7 @@ func (c *Cid) UnmarshalJSON(b []byte) error {
 
 // MarshalJSON procudes a JSON representation of a Cid, which looks as follows:
 //
-//    { "/": "<cid-string>" }
+//	{ "/": "<cid-string>" }
 //
 // Note that this formatting comes from the IPLD specification
 // (https://github.com/ipld/specs/tree/master/ipld)
@@ -554,7 +548,8 @@ func (c Cid) Prefix() Prefix {
 // and the Multihash length. It does not contains
 // any actual content information.
 // NOTE: The use -1 in MhLength to mean default length is deprecated,
-//   use the V0Builder or V1Builder structures instead
+//
+//	use the V0Builder or V1Builder structures instead
 type Prefix struct {
 	Version  uint64
 	Codec    uint64
@@ -573,12 +568,12 @@ func (p Prefix) Sum(data []byte) (Cid, error) {
 	if p.Version == 0 && (p.MhType != mh.SHA2_256 ||
 		(p.MhLength != 32 && p.MhLength != -1)) {
 
-		return Undef, fmt.Errorf("invalid v0 prefix")
+		return Undef, ErrInvalidCid{fmt.Errorf("invalid v0 prefix")}
 	}
 
 	hash, err := mh.Sum(data, p.MhType, length)
 	if err != nil {
-		return Undef, err
+		return Undef, ErrInvalidCid{err}
 	}
 
 	switch p.Version {
@@ -587,13 +582,13 @@ func (p Prefix) Sum(data []byte) (Cid, error) {
 	case 1:
 		return NewCidV1(p.Codec, hash), nil
 	default:
-		return Undef, fmt.Errorf("invalid cid version")
+		return Undef, ErrInvalidCid{fmt.Errorf("invalid cid version")}
 	}
 }
 
 // Bytes returns a byte representation of a Prefix. It looks like:
 //
-//     <version><codec><mh-type><mh-length>
+//	<version><codec><mh-type><mh-length>
 func (p Prefix) Bytes() []byte {
 	size := varint.UvarintSize(p.Version)
 	size += varint.UvarintSize(p.Codec)
@@ -617,22 +612,22 @@ func PrefixFromBytes(buf []byte) (Prefix, error) {
 	r := bytes.NewReader(buf)
 	vers, err := varint.ReadUvarint(r)
 	if err != nil {
-		return Prefix{}, err
+		return Prefix{}, ErrInvalidCid{err}
 	}
 
 	codec, err := varint.ReadUvarint(r)
 	if err != nil {
-		return Prefix{}, err
+		return Prefix{}, ErrInvalidCid{err}
 	}
 
 	mhtype, err := varint.ReadUvarint(r)
 	if err != nil {
-		return Prefix{}, err
+		return Prefix{}, ErrInvalidCid{err}
 	}
 
 	mhlen, err := varint.ReadUvarint(r)
 	if err != nil {
-		return Prefix{}, err
+		return Prefix{}, ErrInvalidCid{err}
 	}
 
 	return Prefix{
@@ -646,12 +641,12 @@ func PrefixFromBytes(buf []byte) (Prefix, error) {
 func CidFromBytes(data []byte) (int, Cid, error) {
 	if len(data) > 2 && data[0] == mh.SHA2_256 && data[1] == 32 {
 		if len(data) < 34 {
-			return 0, Undef, fmt.Errorf("not enough bytes for cid v0")
+			return 0, Undef, ErrInvalidCid{fmt.Errorf("not enough bytes for cid v0")}
 		}
 
 		h, err := mh.Cast(data[:34])
 		if err != nil {
-			return 0, Undef, err
+			return 0, Undef, ErrInvalidCid{err}
 		}
 
 		return 34, Cid{string(h)}, nil
@@ -659,21 +654,21 @@ func CidFromBytes(data []byte) (int, Cid, error) {
 
 	vers, n, err := varint.FromUvarint(data)
 	if err != nil {
-		return 0, Undef, err
+		return 0, Undef, ErrInvalidCid{err}
 	}
 
 	if vers != 1 {
-		return 0, Undef, fmt.Errorf("expected 1 as the cid version number, got: %d", vers)
+		return 0, Undef, ErrInvalidCid{fmt.Errorf("expected 1 as the cid version number, got: %d", vers)}
 	}
 
 	_, cn, err := varint.FromUvarint(data[n:])
 	if err != nil {
-		return 0, Undef, err
+		return 0, Undef, ErrInvalidCid{err}
 	}
 
 	mhnr, _, err := mh.MHFromBytes(data[n+cn:])
 	if err != nil {
-		return 0, Undef, err
+		return 0, Undef, ErrInvalidCid{err}
 	}
 
 	l := n + cn + mhnr
@@ -726,6 +721,9 @@ func (r *bufByteReader) ReadByte() (byte, error) {
 // It's recommended to supply a reader that buffers and implements io.ByteReader,
 // as CidFromReader has to do many single-byte reads to decode varints.
 // If the argument only implements io.Reader, single-byte Read calls are used instead.
+//
+// If the Reader is found to yield zero bytes, an io.EOF error is returned directly, in all
+// other error cases, an ErrInvalidCid, wrapping the original error, is returned.
 func CidFromReader(r io.Reader) (int, Cid, error) {
 	// 64 bytes is enough for any CIDv0,
 	// and it's enough for most CIDv1s in practice.
@@ -736,32 +734,37 @@ func CidFromReader(r io.Reader) (int, Cid, error) {
 	// The varint package wants a io.ByteReader, so we must wrap our io.Reader.
 	vers, err := varint.ReadUvarint(br)
 	if err != nil {
-		return len(br.dst), Undef, err
+		if err == io.EOF {
+			// First-byte read in ReadUvarint errors with io.EOF, so reader has no data.
+			// Subsequent reads with an EOF will return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF and be wrapped here.
+			return 0, Undef, err
+		}
+		return len(br.dst), Undef, ErrInvalidCid{err}
 	}
 
 	// If we have a CIDv0, read the rest of the bytes and cast the buffer.
 	if vers == mh.SHA2_256 {
 		if n, err := io.ReadFull(r, br.dst[1:34]); err != nil {
-			return len(br.dst) + n, Undef, err
+			return len(br.dst) + n, Undef, ErrInvalidCid{err}
 		}
 
 		br.dst = br.dst[:34]
 		h, err := mh.Cast(br.dst)
 		if err != nil {
-			return len(br.dst), Undef, err
+			return len(br.dst), Undef, ErrInvalidCid{err}
 		}
 
 		return len(br.dst), Cid{string(h)}, nil
 	}
 
 	if vers != 1 {
-		return len(br.dst), Undef, fmt.Errorf("expected 1 as the cid version number, got: %d", vers)
+		return len(br.dst), Undef, ErrInvalidCid{fmt.Errorf("expected 1 as the cid version number, got: %d", vers)}
 	}
 
 	// CID block encoding multicodec.
 	_, err = varint.ReadUvarint(br)
 	if err != nil {
-		return len(br.dst), Undef, err
+		return len(br.dst), Undef, ErrInvalidCid{err}
 	}
 
 	// We could replace most of the code below with go-multihash's ReadMultihash.
@@ -772,19 +775,19 @@ func CidFromReader(r io.Reader) (int, Cid, error) {
 	// Multihash hash function code.
 	_, err = varint.ReadUvarint(br)
 	if err != nil {
-		return len(br.dst), Undef, err
+		return len(br.dst), Undef, ErrInvalidCid{err}
 	}
 
 	// Multihash digest length.
 	mhl, err := varint.ReadUvarint(br)
 	if err != nil {
-		return len(br.dst), Undef, err
+		return len(br.dst), Undef, ErrInvalidCid{err}
 	}
 
 	// Refuse to make large allocations to prevent OOMs due to bugs.
 	const maxDigestAlloc = 32 << 20 // 32MiB
 	if mhl > maxDigestAlloc {
-		return len(br.dst), Undef, fmt.Errorf("refusing to allocate %d bytes for a digest", mhl)
+		return len(br.dst), Undef, ErrInvalidCid{fmt.Errorf("refusing to allocate %d bytes for a digest", mhl)}
 	}
 
 	// Fine to convert mhl to int, given maxDigestAlloc.
@@ -803,7 +806,7 @@ func CidFromReader(r io.Reader) (int, Cid, error) {
 	if n, err := io.ReadFull(r, br.dst[prefixLength:cidLength]); err != nil {
 		// We can't use len(br.dst) here,
 		// as we've only read n bytes past prefixLength.
-		return prefixLength + n, Undef, err
+		return prefixLength + n, Undef, ErrInvalidCid{err}
 	}
 
 	// This simply ensures the multihash is valid.
@@ -811,7 +814,7 @@ func CidFromReader(r io.Reader) (int, Cid, error) {
 	// for now, it helps ensure consistency with CidFromBytes.
 	_, _, err = mh.MHFromBytes(br.dst[mhStart:])
 	if err != nil {
-		return len(br.dst), Undef, err
+		return len(br.dst), Undef, ErrInvalidCid{err}
 	}
 
 	return len(br.dst), Cid{string(br.dst)}, nil

cid_fuzz.go

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// +build gofuzz
+//go:build gofuzz
 
 package cid
 

cid_test.go

@@ -2,7 +2,9 @@ package cid
 
 import (
 	"bytes"
+	crand "crypto/rand"
 	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"math/rand"
@@ -15,37 +17,6 @@ import (
 	mh "github.com/multiformats/go-multihash"
 )
 
-// Copying the "silly test" idea from
-// https://github.com/multiformats/go-multihash/blob/7aa9f26a231c6f34f4e9fad52bf580fd36627285/multihash_test.go#L13
-// Makes it so changing the table accidentally has to happen twice.
-var tCodecs = map[uint64]string{
-	Raw:                   "raw",
-	DagProtobuf:           "protobuf",
-	DagCBOR:               "cbor",
-	Libp2pKey:             "libp2p-key",
-	GitRaw:                "git-raw",
-	EthBlock:              "eth-block",
-	EthBlockList:          "eth-block-list",
-	EthTxTrie:             "eth-tx-trie",
-	EthTx:                 "eth-tx",
-	EthTxReceiptTrie:      "eth-tx-receipt-trie",
-	EthTxReceipt:          "eth-tx-receipt",
-	EthStateTrie:          "eth-state-trie",
-	EthAccountSnapshot:    "eth-account-snapshot",
-	EthStorageTrie:        "eth-storage-trie",
-	BitcoinBlock:          "bitcoin-block",
-	BitcoinTx:             "bitcoin-tx",
-	ZcashBlock:            "zcash-block",
-	ZcashTx:               "zcash-tx",
-	DecredBlock:           "decred-block",
-	DecredTx:              "decred-tx",
-	DashBlock:             "dash-block",
-	DashTx:                "dash-tx",
-	FilCommitmentUnsealed: "fil-commitment-unsealed",
-	FilCommitmentSealed:   "fil-commitment-sealed",
-	DagJOSE:               "dag-jose",
-}
-
 func assertEqual(t *testing.T, a, b Cid) {
 	if a.Type() != b.Type() {
 		t.Fatal("mismatch on type")
@@ -60,26 +31,6 @@ func assertEqual(t *testing.T, a, b Cid) {
 	}
 }
 
-func TestTable(t *testing.T) {
-	if len(tCodecs) != len(Codecs)-1 {
-		t.Errorf("Item count mismatch in the Table of Codec. Should be %d, got %d", len(tCodecs)+1, len(Codecs))
-	}
-
-	for k, v := range tCodecs {
-		if Codecs[v] != k {
-			t.Errorf("Table mismatch: 0x%x %s", k, v)
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-// The table returns cid.DagProtobuf for "v0"
-// so we test it apart
-func TestTableForV0(t *testing.T) {
-	if Codecs["v0"] != DagProtobuf {
-		t.Error("Table mismatch: Codecs[\"v0\"] should resolve to DagProtobuf (0x70)")
-	}
-}
-
 func TestPrefixSum(t *testing.T) {
 	// Test creating CIDs both manually and with Prefix.
 	// Tests: https://github.com/ipfs/go-cid/issues/83
@@ -212,6 +163,9 @@ func TestBasesMarshaling(t *testing.T) {
 	if err == nil {
 		t.Fatal("expected too-short error from ExtractEncoding")
 	}
+	if !errors.Is(err, ErrInvalidCid{}) {
+		t.Fatal("expected error to be ErrInvalidCid")
+	}
 	if ee != -1 {
 		t.Fatal("expected -1 from too-short ExtractEncoding")
 	}
@@ -277,6 +231,9 @@ func TestEmptyString(t *testing.T) {
 	if err == nil {
 		t.Fatal("shouldnt be able to parse an empty cid")
 	}
+	if !errors.Is(err, ErrInvalidCid{}) {
+		t.Fatal("error must be ErrInvalidCid")
+	}
 }
 
 func TestV0Handling(t *testing.T) {
@@ -332,6 +289,9 @@ func TestV0ErrorCases(t *testing.T) {
 	if err == nil {
 		t.Fatal("should have failed to decode that ref")
 	}
+	if !errors.Is(err, ErrInvalidCid{}) {
+		t.Fatal("error must be ErrInvalidCid")
+	}
 }
 
 func TestNewPrefixV1(t *testing.T) {
@@ -422,6 +382,9 @@ func TestInvalidV0Prefix(t *testing.T) {
 		if err == nil {
 			t.Fatalf("should error (index %d)", i)
 		}
+		if !errors.Is(err, ErrInvalidCid{}) {
+			t.Fatal("expected error to be ErrInvalidCid")
+		}
 	}
 }
 
@@ -431,6 +394,9 @@ func TestBadPrefix(t *testing.T) {
 	if err == nil {
 		t.Fatalf("expected error on v3 prefix Sum")
 	}
+	if !errors.Is(err, ErrInvalidCid{}) {
+		t.Fatal("expected error to be ErrInvalidCid")
+	}
 }
 
 func TestPrefixRoundtrip(t *testing.T) {
@@ -467,18 +433,30 @@ func TestBadPrefixFromBytes(t *testing.T) {
 	if err == nil {
 		t.Fatal("expected error for bad byte 0")
 	}
+	if !errors.Is(err, ErrInvalidCid{}) {
+		t.Fatal("expected error to be ErrInvalidCid")
+	}
 	_, err = PrefixFromBytes([]byte{0x01, 0x80})
 	if err == nil {
 		t.Fatal("expected error for bad byte 1")
 	}
+	if !errors.Is(err, ErrInvalidCid{}) {
+		t.Fatal("expected error to be ErrInvalidCid")
+	}
 	_, err = PrefixFromBytes([]byte{0x01, 0x01, 0x80})
 	if err == nil {
 		t.Fatal("expected error for bad byte 2")
 	}
+	if !errors.Is(err, ErrInvalidCid{}) {
+		t.Fatal("expected error to be ErrInvalidCid")
+	}
 	_, err = PrefixFromBytes([]byte{0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x80})
 	if err == nil {
 		t.Fatal("expected error for bad byte 3")
 	}
+	if !errors.Is(err, ErrInvalidCid{}) {
+		t.Fatal("expected error to be ErrInvalidCid")
+	}
 }
 
 func Test16BytesVarint(t *testing.T) {
@@ -492,7 +470,7 @@ func TestFuzzCid(t *testing.T) {
 	buf := make([]byte, 128)
 	for i := 0; i < 200; i++ {
 		s := rand.Intn(128)
-		rand.Read(buf[:s])
+		crand.Read(buf[:s])
 		_, _ = Cast(buf[:s])
 	}
 }
@@ -505,6 +483,9 @@ func TestParse(t *testing.T) {
 	if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "can't parse 123 as Cid") {
 		t.Fatalf("expected int error, got %s", err.Error())
 	}
+	if !errors.Is(err, ErrInvalidCid{}) {
+		t.Fatalf("expected ErrInvalidCid, got %s", err.Error())
+	}
 
 	theHash := "QmdfTbBqBPQ7VNxZEYEj14VmRuZBkqFbiwReogJgS1zR1n"
 	h, err := mh.FromB58String(theHash)
@@ -622,17 +603,29 @@ func TestJsonRoundTrip(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatal("cids not equal for Cid")
 	}
 
-	if err = actual2.UnmarshalJSON([]byte("1")); err == nil {
+	err = actual2.UnmarshalJSON([]byte("1"))
+	if err == nil {
 		t.Fatal("expected error for too-short JSON")
 	}
-
-	if err = actual2.UnmarshalJSON([]byte(`{"nope":"nope"}`)); err == nil {
-		t.Fatal("expected error for bad CID JSON")
+	if !errors.Is(err, ErrInvalidCid{}) {
+		t.Fatal("expected error to be ErrInvalidCid")
 	}
 
-	if err = actual2.UnmarshalJSON([]byte(`bad "" json!`)); err == nil {
+	err = actual2.UnmarshalJSON([]byte(`{"nope":"nope"}`))
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected error for bad CID JSON")
+	}
+	if !errors.Is(err, ErrInvalidCid{}) {
+		t.Fatal("expected error to be ErrInvalidCid")
+	}
+
+	err = actual2.UnmarshalJSON([]byte(`bad "" json!`))
+	if err == nil {
 		t.Fatal("expected error for bad JSON")
 	}
+	if !errors.Is(err, ErrInvalidCid{}) {
+		t.Fatal("expected error to be ErrInvalidCid")
+	}
 
 	var actual3 Cid
 	enc, err = actual3.MarshalJSON()
@@ -790,6 +783,30 @@ func TestBadCidInput(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestFromReaderNoData(t *testing.T) {
+	// Reading no data from io.Reader should return io.EOF, not ErrInvalidCid.
+	n, cid, err := CidFromReader(bytes.NewReader(nil))
+	if err != io.EOF {
+		t.Fatal("Expected io.EOF error")
+	}
+	if cid != Undef {
+		t.Fatal("Expected Undef CID")
+	}
+	if n != 0 {
+		t.Fatal("Expected 0 data")
+	}
+
+	// Read byte indicatiing more data to and check error is ErrInvalidCid.
+	_, _, err = CidFromReader(bytes.NewReader([]byte{0x80}))
+	if !errors.Is(err, ErrInvalidCid{}) {
+		t.Fatal("Expected ErrInvalidCid error")
+	}
+	// Check for expected wrapped error.
+	if !errors.Is(err, io.ErrUnexpectedEOF) {
+		t.Fatal("Expected error", io.ErrUnexpectedEOF)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestBadParse(t *testing.T) {
 	hash, err := mh.Sum([]byte("foobar"), mh.SHA3_256, -1)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -799,6 +816,9 @@ func TestBadParse(t *testing.T) {
 	if err == nil {
 		t.Fatal("expected to fail to parse an invalid CIDv1 CID")
 	}
+	if !errors.Is(err, ErrInvalidCid{}) {
+		t.Fatal("error must be ErrInvalidCid")
+	}
 }
 
 func TestLoggable(t *testing.T) {
@@ -813,3 +833,80 @@ func TestLoggable(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("did not get expected loggable form (got %v)", actual)
 	}
 }
+
+func TestErrInvalidCidIs(t *testing.T) {
+	for i, test := range []struct {
+		err    error
+		target error
+	}{
+		{&ErrInvalidCid{}, ErrInvalidCid{}},
+		{ErrInvalidCid{}, &ErrInvalidCid{}},
+		{ErrInvalidCid{}, ErrInvalidCid{}},
+		{&ErrInvalidCid{}, &ErrInvalidCid{}},
+	} {
+		if !errors.Is(test.err, test.target) {
+			t.Fatalf("expected error to be ErrInvalidCid, case %d", i)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestErrInvalidCid(t *testing.T) {
+	run := func(err error) {
+		if err == nil {
+			t.Fatal("expected error")
+		}
+
+		if !strings.HasPrefix(err.Error(), "invalid cid: ") {
+			t.Fatal(`expected error message to contain "invalid cid: "`)
+		}
+
+		is := errors.Is(err, ErrInvalidCid{})
+		if !is {
+			t.Fatal("expected error to be ErrInvalidCid")
+		}
+
+		if !errors.Is(err, &ErrInvalidCid{}) {
+			t.Fatal("expected error to be &ErrInvalidCid")
+		}
+	}
+
+	_, err := Decode("")
+	run(err)
+
+	_, err = Decode("not-a-cid")
+	run(err)
+
+	_, err = Decode("bafyInvalid")
+	run(err)
+
+	_, err = Decode("QmdfTbBqBPQ7VNxZEYEj14VmRuZBkqFbiwReogJgS1zIII")
+	run(err)
+
+	_, err = Cast([]byte("invalid"))
+	run(err)
+
+	_, err = Parse("not-a-cid")
+	run(err)
+
+	_, err = Parse("bafyInvalid")
+	run(err)
+
+	_, err = Parse("QmdfTbBqBPQ7VNxZEYEj14VmRuZBkqFbiwReogJgS1zIII")
+	run(err)
+
+	_, err = Parse(123)
+	run(err)
+
+	_, _, err = CidFromBytes([]byte("invalid"))
+	run(err)
+
+	_, err = Prefix{}.Sum([]byte("data"))
+	run(err)
+
+	_, err = PrefixFromBytes([]byte{0x80})
+	run(err)
+
+	_, err = ExtractEncoding("invalid ")
+	run(err)
+
+}

go.mod

@@ -1,10 +1,21 @@
 module github.com/ipfs/go-cid
 
 require (
-	github.com/multiformats/go-multibase v0.0.3
-	github.com/multiformats/go-multihash v0.0.15
-	github.com/multiformats/go-varint v0.0.6
-	golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20210506145944-38f3c27a63bf // indirect
+	github.com/multiformats/go-multibase v0.2.0
+	github.com/multiformats/go-multihash v0.2.1
+	github.com/multiformats/go-varint v0.0.7
 )
 
-go 1.15
+require (
+	github.com/klauspost/cpuid/v2 v2.0.9 // indirect
+	github.com/minio/sha256-simd v1.0.0 // indirect
+	github.com/mr-tron/base58 v1.2.0 // indirect
+	github.com/multiformats/go-base32 v0.0.3 // indirect
+	github.com/multiformats/go-base36 v0.1.0 // indirect
+	github.com/spaolacci/murmur3 v1.1.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/crypto v0.1.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.1.0 // indirect
+	lukechampine.com/blake3 v1.1.6 // indirect
+)
+
+go 1.19

go.sum

@@ -1,35 +1,25 @@
-github.com/klauspost/cpuid/v2 v2.0.4 h1:g0I61F2K2DjRHz1cnxlkNSBIaePVoJIjjnHui8QHbiw=
 github.com/klauspost/cpuid/v2 v2.0.4/go.mod h1:FInQzS24/EEf25PyTYn52gqo7WaD8xa0213Md/qVLRg=
-github.com/minio/blake2b-simd v0.0.0-20160723061019-3f5f724cb5b1 h1:lYpkrQH5ajf0OXOcUbGjvZxxijuBwbbmlSxLiuofa+g=
-github.com/minio/blake2b-simd v0.0.0-20160723061019-3f5f724cb5b1/go.mod h1:pD8RvIylQ358TN4wwqatJ8rNavkEINozVn9DtGI3dfQ=
+github.com/klauspost/cpuid/v2 v2.0.9 h1:lgaqFMSdTdQYdZ04uHyN2d/eKdOMyi2YLSvlQIBFYa4=
+github.com/klauspost/cpuid/v2 v2.0.9/go.mod h1:FInQzS24/EEf25PyTYn52gqo7WaD8xa0213Md/qVLRg=
 github.com/minio/sha256-simd v1.0.0 h1:v1ta+49hkWZyvaKwrQB8elexRqm6Y0aMLjCNsrYxo6g=
 github.com/minio/sha256-simd v1.0.0/go.mod h1:OuYzVNI5vcoYIAmbIvHPl3N3jUzVedXbKy5RFepssQM=
-github.com/mr-tron/base58 v1.1.0/go.mod h1:xcD2VGqlgYjBdcBLw+TuYLr8afG+Hj8g2eTVqeSzSU8=
 github.com/mr-tron/base58 v1.2.0 h1:T/HDJBh4ZCPbU39/+c3rRvE0uKBQlU27+QI8LJ4t64o=
 github.com/mr-tron/base58 v1.2.0/go.mod h1:BinMc/sQntlIE1frQmRFPUoPA1Zkr8VRgBdjWI2mNwc=
 github.com/multiformats/go-base32 v0.0.3 h1:tw5+NhuwaOjJCC5Pp82QuXbrmLzWg7uxlMFp8Nq/kkI=
 github.com/multiformats/go-base32 v0.0.3/go.mod h1:pLiuGC8y0QR3Ue4Zug5UzK9LjgbkL8NSQj0zQ5Nz/AA=
 github.com/multiformats/go-base36 v0.1.0 h1:JR6TyF7JjGd3m6FbLU2cOxhC0Li8z8dLNGQ89tUg4F4=
 github.com/multiformats/go-base36 v0.1.0/go.mod h1:kFGE83c6s80PklsHO9sRn2NCoffoRdUUOENyW/Vv6sM=
-github.com/multiformats/go-multibase v0.0.3 h1:l/B6bJDQjvQ5G52jw4QGSYeOTZoAwIO77RblWplfIqk=
-github.com/multiformats/go-multibase v0.0.3/go.mod h1:5+1R4eQrT3PkYZ24C3W2Ue2tPwIdYQD509ZjSb5y9Oc=
-github.com/multiformats/go-multihash v0.0.15 h1:hWOPdrNqDjwHDx82vsYGSDZNyktOJJ2dzZJzFkOV1jM=
-github.com/multiformats/go-multihash v0.0.15/go.mod h1:D6aZrWNLFTV/ynMpKsNtB40mJzmCl4jb1alC0OvHiHg=
-github.com/multiformats/go-varint v0.0.6 h1:gk85QWKxh3TazbLxED/NlDVv8+q+ReFJk7Y2W/KhfNY=
-github.com/multiformats/go-varint v0.0.6/go.mod h1:3Ls8CIEsrijN6+B7PbrXRPxHRPuXSrVKRY101jdMZYE=
-golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20190308221718-c2843e01d9a2/go.mod h1:djNgcEr1/C05ACkg1iLfiJU5Ep61QUkGW8qpdssI0+w=
-golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20210220033148-5ea612d1eb83/go.mod h1:jdWPYTVW3xRLrWPugEBEK3UY2ZEsg3UU495nc5E+M+I=
-golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20210506145944-38f3c27a63bf h1:B2n+Zi5QeYRDAEodEu72OS36gmTWjgpXr2+cWcBW90o=
-golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20210506145944-38f3c27a63bf/go.mod h1:P+XmwS30IXTQdn5tA2iutPOUgjI07+tq3H3K9MVA1s8=
-golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20190404232315-eb5bcb51f2a3/go.mod h1:t9HGtf8HONx5eT2rtn7q6eTqICYqUVnKs3thJo3Qplg=
-golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20210226172049-e18ecbb05110/go.mod h1:m0MpNAwzfU5UDzcl9v0D8zg8gWTRqZa9RBIspLL5mdg=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20190215142949-d0b11bdaac8a/go.mod h1:STP8DvDyc/dI5b8T5hshtkjS+E42TnysNCUPdjciGhY=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20191026070338-33540a1f6037/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20201119102817-f84b799fce68/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210309074719-68d13333faf2 h1:46ULzRKLh1CwgRq2dC5SlBzEqqNCi8rreOZnNrbqcIY=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210309074719-68d13333faf2/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
-golang.org/x/term v0.0.0-20201117132131-f5c789dd3221/go.mod h1:Nr5EML6q2oocZ2LXRh80K7BxOlk5/8JxuGnuhpl+muw=
-golang.org/x/term v0.0.0-20201126162022-7de9c90e9dd1/go.mod h1:bj7SfCRtBDWHUb9snDiAeCFNEtKQo2Wmx5Cou7ajbmo=
-golang.org/x/text v0.3.0/go.mod h1:NqM8EUOU14njkJ3fqMW+pc6Ldnwhi/IjpwHt7yyuwOQ=
-golang.org/x/text v0.3.3/go.mod h1:5Zoc/QRtKVWzQhOtBMvqHzDpF6irO9z98xDceosuGiQ=
-golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20180917221912-90fa682c2a6e/go.mod h1:n7NCudcB/nEzxVGmLbDWY5pfWTLqBcC2KZ6jyYvM4mQ=
+github.com/multiformats/go-multibase v0.2.0 h1:isdYCVLvksgWlMW9OZRYJEa9pZETFivncJHmHnnd87g=
+github.com/multiformats/go-multibase v0.2.0/go.mod h1:bFBZX4lKCA/2lyOFSAoKH5SS6oPyjtnzK/XTFDPkNuk=
+github.com/multiformats/go-multihash v0.2.1 h1:aem8ZT0VA2nCHHk7bPJ1BjUbHNciqZC/d16Vve9l108=
+github.com/multiformats/go-multihash v0.2.1/go.mod h1:WxoMcYG85AZVQUyRyo9s4wULvW5qrI9vb2Lt6evduFc=
+github.com/multiformats/go-varint v0.0.7 h1:sWSGR+f/eu5ABZA2ZpYKBILXTTs9JWpdEM/nEGOHFS8=
+github.com/multiformats/go-varint v0.0.7/go.mod h1:r8PUYw/fD/SjBCiKOoDlGF6QawOELpZAu9eioSos/OU=
+github.com/spaolacci/murmur3 v1.1.0 h1:7c1g84S4BPRrfL5Xrdp6fOJ206sU9y293DDHaoy0bLI=
+github.com/spaolacci/murmur3 v1.1.0/go.mod h1:JwIasOWyU6f++ZhiEuf87xNszmSA2myDM2Kzu9HwQUA=
+golang.org/x/crypto v0.1.0 h1:MDRAIl0xIo9Io2xV565hzXHw3zVseKrJKodhohM5CjU=
+golang.org/x/crypto v0.1.0/go.mod h1:RecgLatLF4+eUMCP1PoPZQb+cVrJcOPbHkTkbkB9sbw=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.1.0 h1:kunALQeHf1/185U1i0GOB/fy1IPRDDpuoOOqRReG57U=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.1.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
+lukechampine.com/blake3 v1.1.6 h1:H3cROdztr7RCfoaTpGZFQsrqvweFLrqS73j7L7cmR5c=
+lukechampine.com/blake3 v1.1.6/go.mod h1:tkKEOtDkNtklkXtLNEOGNq5tcV90tJiA1vAA12R78LA=

version.json

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+{
+  "version": "v0.4.1"
+}