Bulk copies.

2026-01-12 22:19:14 +00:00 · 2025-11-24 13:42:12 +00:00
51 changed files with 1374 additions and 646 deletions
--- a/.github/workflows/test.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/test.yml
@@ -68,8 +68,8 @@ jobs:
      shell: bash
      run: |
        go work init .
-        go work use -r embed/bcw2 gormlite
-        go test ./embed/bcw2 ./gormlite
+        go work use -r embed gormlite
+        go test ./embed/bcw2/...

    - name: Test GORM
      shell: bash
@@ -93,28 +93,25 @@ jobs:
        github.event_name == 'push' &&
        matrix.os == 'ubuntu-latest'

-  test-cross:
+  test-bsd:
    strategy:
      matrix:
        os:
          - name: freebsd
-            version: '15.0'
+            version: '14.3'
          - name: netbsd
            version: '10.1'
-          - name: illumos
-            action: omnios
-            version: 'r151056'
-          - name: openbsd
-            version: '7.8'
-            tflags: '-test.short'
          - name: freebsd
            arch: arm64
-            version: '15.0'
+            version: '14.3'
            tflags: '-test.short'
          - name: netbsd
            arch: arm64
            version: '10.1'
            tflags: '-test.short'
+          - name: openbsd
+            version: '7.8'
+            tflags: '-test.short'
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    needs: test

@@ -129,9 +126,9 @@ jobs:
      run: .github/workflows/build-test.sh

    - name: Test
-      uses: cross-platform-actions/action@v0.32.0
+      uses: cross-platform-actions/action@v0.30.0
      with:
-        operating_system: ${{ matrix.os.action || matrix.os.name }}
+        operating_system: ${{ matrix.os.name }}
        architecture: ${{ matrix.os.arch }}
        version: ${{ matrix.os.version }}
        shell: bash
@@ -145,7 +142,7 @@ jobs:
          - name: dragonfly
            action: 'vmactions/dragonflybsd-vm@v1'
          - name: illumos
-            action: 'vmactions/openindiana-vm@v0'
+            action: 'vmactions/omnios-vm@v1'
          - name: solaris
            action: 'vmactions/solaris-vm@v1'
            bflags: '-tags sqlite3_dotlk'
--- a/driver/driver.go
+++ b/driver/driver.go
@@ -440,6 +440,22 @@ func (c *conn) CheckNamedValue(arg *driver.NamedValue) error {
 	return nil
 }

+// Deprecated: for Litestream use only; may be removed at any time.
+func (c *conn) FileControlPersistWAL(schema string, mode int) (int, error) {
+	// notest
+	arg := make([]any, 1)
+	if mode >= 0 {
+		arg[0] = mode > 0
+	} else {
+		arg = arg[:0]
+	}
+	res, err := c.Conn.FileControl(schema, sqlite3.FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL, arg...)
+	if res == true {
+		return 1, err
+	}
+	return 0, err
+}
+
 type stmt struct {
 	*sqlite3.Stmt
 	tmWrite sqlite3.TimeFormat
@@ -653,12 +669,14 @@ type rows struct {
 	names []string
 	types []string
 	scans []scantype
+	dest  []driver.Value
 }

 var (
 	// Ensure these interfaces are implemented:
 	_ driver.RowsColumnTypeDatabaseTypeName = &rows{}
 	_ driver.RowsColumnTypeNullable         = &rows{}
+	// _ driver.RowsColumnScanner           = &rows{}
 )

 func (r *rows) Close() error {
@@ -698,23 +716,17 @@ func (r *rows) loadColumnMetadata() {
 		types := make([]string, count)
 		scans := make([]scantype, count)
 		for i := range types {
-			var declType string
-			var notNull, autoInc bool
-			if column := r.Stmt.ColumnOriginName(i); column != "" {
-				declType, _, notNull, _, autoInc, _ = c.TableColumnMetadata(
+			var notnull bool
+			if col := r.Stmt.ColumnOriginName(i); col != "" {
+				types[i], _, notnull, _, _, _ = c.TableColumnMetadata(
 					r.Stmt.ColumnDatabaseName(i),
 					r.Stmt.ColumnTableName(i),
-					column)
-			} else {
-				declType = r.Stmt.ColumnDeclType(i)
-			}
-			if declType != "" {
-				declType = strings.ToUpper(declType)
-				scans[i] = scanFromDecl(declType)
-				types[i] = declType
-			}
-			if notNull || autoInc {
-				scans[i] |= _NOT_NULL
+					col)
+				types[i] = strings.ToUpper(types[i])
+				scans[i] = scanFromDecl(types[i])
+				if notnull {
+					scans[i] |= _NOT_NULL
+				}
 			}
 		}
 		r.types = types
@@ -784,6 +796,7 @@ func (r *rows) ColumnTypeScanType(index int) (typ reflect.Type) {
 }

 func (r *rows) Next(dest []driver.Value) error {
+	r.dest = nil
 	c := r.Stmt.Conn()
 	if old := c.SetInterrupt(r.ctx); old != r.ctx {
 		defer c.SetInterrupt(old)
@@ -833,5 +846,33 @@ func (r *rows) Next(dest []driver.Value) error {
 			}
 		}
 	}
+	r.dest = dest
 	return nil
 }
+
+func (r *rows) ScanColumn(dest any, index int) (err error) {
+	// notest // Go 1.26
+	var tm *time.Time
+	var ok *bool
+	switch d := dest.(type) {
+	case *time.Time:
+		tm = d
+	case *sql.NullTime:
+		tm = &d.Time
+		ok = &d.Valid
+	case *sql.Null[time.Time]:
+		tm = &d.V
+		ok = &d.Valid
+	default:
+		return driver.ErrSkip
+	}
+	value := r.dest[index]
+	*tm, err = r.tmRead.Decode(value)
+	if ok != nil {
+		*ok = err == nil
+		if value == nil {
+			return nil
+		}
+	}
+	return err
+}
--- a/driver/driver_test.go
+++ b/driver/driver_test.go
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import (
 	"math"
 	"net/url"
 	"reflect"
+	"strings"
 	"testing"
 	"time"

@@ -520,6 +521,39 @@ func Test_ColumnType_ScanType(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }

+func Test_rows_ScanColumn(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+	dsn := memdb.TestDB(t)
+
+	db, err := Open(dsn)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer db.Close()
+
+	var tm time.Time
+	err = db.QueryRow(`SELECT NULL`).Scan(&tm)
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Error("want error")
+	}
+	// Go 1.26
+	err = db.QueryRow(`SELECT datetime()`).Scan(&tm)
+	if err != nil && !strings.HasPrefix(err.Error(), "sql: Scan error") {
+		t.Error(err)
+	}
+
+	var nt sql.NullTime
+	err = db.QueryRow(`SELECT NULL`).Scan(&nt)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Error(err)
+	}
+	// Go 1.26
+	err = db.QueryRow(`SELECT datetime()`).Scan(&nt)
+	if err != nil && !strings.HasPrefix(err.Error(), "sql: Scan error") {
+		t.Error(err)
+	}
+}
+
 func Benchmark_loop(b *testing.B) {
 	db, err := Open(":memory:")
 	if err != nil {
--- a/embed/README.md
+++ b/embed/README.md
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # Embeddable Wasm build of SQLite

-This folder includes an embeddable Wasm build of SQLite 3.51.1 for use with
+This folder includes an embeddable Wasm build of SQLite 3.50.4 for use with
 [`github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3`](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3).

 The following optional features are compiled in:
--- a/embed/bcw2/bcw2.wasm
+++ b/embed/bcw2/bcw2.wasm
--- a/embed/bcw2/build.sh
+++ b/embed/bcw2/build.sh
@@ -15,15 +15,14 @@ cp "$ROOT"/sqlite3/*.[ch] build/
 cp "$ROOT"/sqlite3/*.patch build/
 cd sqlite/

-# https://sqlite.org/src/info/f273f6b8245c5dca
-curl -#L https://github.com/sqlite/sqlite/archive/7c126d7.tar.gz | tar xz --strip-components=1
-# curl -#L https://sqlite.org/src/tarball/sqlite.tar.gz?r=f273f6b824 | tar xz --strip-components=1
+# https://sqlite.org/src/info/352b363a5d727047
+curl -#L https://github.com/sqlite/sqlite/archive/dbd613c.tar.gz | tar xz --strip-components=1
+# curl -#L https://sqlite.org/src/tarball/sqlite.tar.gz?r=352b363a5d | tar xz --strip-components=1

 if [[ "$OSTYPE" == "msys" || "$OSTYPE" == "cygwin" ]]; then
 	MSYS_NO_PATHCONV=1 nmake /f makefile.msc sqlite3.c "OPTS=-DSQLITE_ENABLE_UPDATE_DELETE_LIMIT -DSQLITE_ENABLE_ORDERED_SET_AGGREGATES"
 else
 	sh configure --enable-update-limit
-	make verify-source
 	OPTS=-DSQLITE_ENABLE_ORDERED_SET_AGGREGATES make sqlite3.c
 fi
 cd ~-
--- a/embed/bcw2/go.mod
+++ b/embed/bcw2/go.mod
@@ -2,11 +2,11 @@ module github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/embed/bcw2

 go 1.24.0

-require github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3 v0.30.3
+require github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3 v0.30.1

 require (
 	github.com/ncruces/julianday v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/ncruces/sort v0.1.6 // indirect
-	github.com/tetratelabs/wazero v1.11.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/sys v0.39.0 // indirect
+	github.com/tetratelabs/wazero v1.10.1 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.38.0 // indirect
 )
--- a/embed/bcw2/go.sum
+++ b/embed/bcw2/go.sum
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
-github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3 v0.30.3 h1:X/CgWW9GzmIAkEPrifhKqf0cC15DuOVxAJaHFTTAURQ=
-github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3 v0.30.3/go.mod h1:AxKu9sRxkludimFocbktlY6LiYSkxiI5gTA8r+os/Nw=
+github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3 v0.30.1 h1:pHC3YsyRdJv4pCMB4MO1Q2BXw/CAa+Hoj7GSaKtVk+g=
+github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3 v0.30.1/go.mod h1:UVsWrQaq1qkcal5/vT5lOJnZCVlR5rsThKdwidjFsKc=
 github.com/ncruces/julianday v1.0.0 h1:fH0OKwa7NWvniGQtxdJRxAgkBMolni2BjDHaWTxqt7M=
 github.com/ncruces/julianday v1.0.0/go.mod h1:Dusn2KvZrrovOMJuOt0TNXL6tB7U2E8kvza5fFc9G7g=
 github.com/ncruces/sort v0.1.6 h1:TrsJfGRH1AoWoaeB4/+gCohot9+cA6u/INaH5agIhNk=
 github.com/ncruces/sort v0.1.6/go.mod h1:obJToO4rYr6VWP0Uw5FYymgYGt3Br4RXcs/JdKaXAPk=
-github.com/tetratelabs/wazero v1.11.0 h1:+gKemEuKCTevU4d7ZTzlsvgd1uaToIDtlQlmNbwqYhA=
-github.com/tetratelabs/wazero v1.11.0/go.mod h1:eV28rsN8Q+xwjogd7f4/Pp4xFxO7uOGbLcD/LzB1wiU=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.39.0 h1:CvCKL8MeisomCi6qNZ+wbb0DN9E5AATixKsvNtMoMFk=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.39.0/go.mod h1:OgkHotnGiDImocRcuBABYBEXf8A9a87e/uXjp9XT3ks=
-golang.org/x/text v0.31.0 h1:aC8ghyu4JhP8VojJ2lEHBnochRno1sgL6nEi9WGFGMM=
-golang.org/x/text v0.31.0/go.mod h1:tKRAlv61yKIjGGHX/4tP1LTbc13YSec1pxVEWXzfoeM=
+github.com/tetratelabs/wazero v1.10.1 h1:2DugeJf6VVk58KTPszlNfeeN8AhhpwcZqkJj2wwFuH8=
+github.com/tetratelabs/wazero v1.10.1/go.mod h1:DRm5twOQ5Gr1AoEdSi0CLjDQF1J9ZAuyqFIjl1KKfQU=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.38.0 h1:3yZWxaJjBmCWXqhN1qh02AkOnCQ1poK6oF+a7xWL6Gc=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.38.0/go.mod h1:OgkHotnGiDImocRcuBABYBEXf8A9a87e/uXjp9XT3ks=
+golang.org/x/text v0.30.0 h1:yznKA/E9zq54KzlzBEAWn1NXSQ8DIp/NYMy88xJjl4k=
+golang.org/x/text v0.30.0/go.mod h1:yDdHFIX9t+tORqspjENWgzaCVXgk0yYnYuSZ8UzzBVM=
--- a/embed/build.sh
+++ b/embed/build.sh
@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@ trap 'rm -f sqlite3.tmp' EXIT
 	-Wl,--import-undefined \
 	-Wl,--initial-memory=327680 \
 	-D_HAVE_SQLITE_CONFIG_H \
-	-DSQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL_PRAGMA_20251114 \
 	-DSQLITE_CUSTOM_INCLUDE=sqlite_opt.h \
 	$(awk '{print "-Wl,--export="$0}' exports.txt)

--- a/embed/init_test.go
+++ b/embed/init_test.go
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ func Test_init(t *testing.T) {
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
-	if version != "3.51.1" {
+	if version != "3.51.0" {
 		t.Error(version)
 	}
 }
--- a/embed/sqlite3.wasm
+++ b/embed/sqlite3.wasm
--- a/ext/bloom/bloom.go
+++ b/ext/bloom/bloom.go
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ import (

 	"github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3"
 	"github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/internal/util"
-	"github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/util/sql3util"
 )

 // Register registers the bloom_filter virtual table:
@@ -35,8 +34,6 @@ type bloom struct {
 	hashes  int
 }

-const vtab = `CREATE TABLE x(present, word TEXT HIDDEN NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY) WITHOUT ROWID`
-
 func create(db *sqlite3.Conn, _, schema, table string, arg ...string) (_ *bloom, err error) {
 	b := bloom{
 		db:      db,
@@ -58,9 +55,11 @@ func create(db *sqlite3.Conn, _, schema, table string, arg ...string) (_ *bloom,
 	}

 	if len(arg) > 1 {
-		var ok bool
-		b.prob, ok = sql3util.ParseFloat(arg[1])
-		if !ok || b.prob <= 0 || b.prob >= 1 {
+		b.prob, err = strconv.ParseFloat(arg[1], 64)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		if b.prob <= 0 || b.prob >= 1 {
 			return nil, util.ErrorString("bloom: probability must be in the range (0,1)")
 		}
 	} else {
@@ -81,7 +80,8 @@ func create(db *sqlite3.Conn, _, schema, table string, arg ...string) (_ *bloom,

 	b.bytes = numBytes(nelem, b.prob)

-	err = db.DeclareVTab(vtab)
+	err = db.DeclareVTab(
+		`CREATE TABLE x(present, word HIDDEN NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY) WITHOUT ROWID`)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -115,7 +115,8 @@ func connect(db *sqlite3.Conn, _, schema, table string, arg ...string) (_ *bloom
 		storage: table + "_storage",
 	}

-	err = db.DeclareVTab(vtab)
+	err = db.DeclareVTab(
+		`CREATE TABLE x(present, word HIDDEN NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY) WITHOUT ROWID`)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
--- a/ext/closure/closure.go
+++ b/ext/closure/closure.go
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ func Register(db *sqlite3.Conn) error {
 				done.Add(key)
 			}

-			err := db.DeclareVTab(`CREATE TABLE x(id INT,depth INT,root HIDDEN,tablename TEXT HIDDEN,idcolumn TEXT HIDDEN,parentcolumn TEXT HIDDEN)`)
+			err := db.DeclareVTab(`CREATE TABLE x(id,depth,root HIDDEN,tablename HIDDEN,idcolumn HIDDEN,parentcolumn HIDDEN)`)
 			if err != nil {
 				return nil, err
 			}
--- a/ext/csv/csv.go
+++ b/ext/csv/csv.go
@@ -254,15 +254,19 @@ func (c *cursor) Column(ctx sqlite3.Context, col int) error {

 		switch typ {
 		case numeric, integer:
-			if i, err := strconv.ParseInt(txt, 10, 64); err == nil {
-				ctx.ResultInt64(i)
-				return nil
+			if strings.TrimLeft(txt, "+-0123456789") == "" {
+				if i, err := strconv.ParseInt(txt, 10, 64); err == nil {
+					ctx.ResultInt64(i)
+					return nil
+				}
 			}
 			fallthrough
 		case real:
-			if f, ok := sql3util.ParseFloat(txt); ok {
-				ctx.ResultFloat(f)
-				return nil
+			if strings.TrimLeft(txt, "+-.0123456789Ee") == "" {
+				if f, err := strconv.ParseFloat(txt, 64); err == nil {
+					ctx.ResultFloat(f)
+					return nil
+				}
 			}
 			fallthrough
 		default:
--- a/ext/fileio/fileio.go
+++ b/ext/fileio/fileio.go
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ func RegisterFS(db *sqlite3.Conn, fsys fs.FS) error {
 		db.CreateFunction("readfile", 1, sqlite3.DIRECTONLY, readfile(fsys)),
 		db.CreateFunction("lsmode", 1, sqlite3.DETERMINISTIC, lsmode),
 		sqlite3.CreateModule(db, "fsdir", nil, func(db *sqlite3.Conn, _, _, _ string, _ ...string) (fsdir, error) {
-			err := db.DeclareVTab(`CREATE TABLE x(name TEXT,mode INT,mtime TIMESTAMP,data BLOB,path HIDDEN,dir HIDDEN)`)
+			err := db.DeclareVTab(`CREATE TABLE x(name,mode,mtime TIMESTAMP,data,path HIDDEN,dir HIDDEN)`)
 			if err == nil {
 				err = db.VTabConfig(sqlite3.VTAB_DIRECTONLY)
 			}
--- a/ext/pivot/pivot.go
+++ b/ext/pivot/pivot.go
@@ -55,8 +55,6 @@ func declare(db *sqlite3.Conn, _, _, _ string, arg ...string) (ret *table, err e
 		t.keys[i] = name
 		create.WriteString(sep)
 		create.WriteString(name)
-		create.WriteString(" ")
-		create.WriteString(stmt.ColumnDeclType(i))
 		sep = ","
 	}
 	stmt.Close()
@@ -73,11 +71,8 @@ func declare(db *sqlite3.Conn, _, _, _ string, arg ...string) (ret *table, err e
 	for stmt.Step() {
 		name := sqlite3.QuoteIdentifier(stmt.ColumnText(1))
 		t.cols = append(t.cols, stmt.ColumnValue(0).Dup())
-		create.WriteString(sep)
+		create.WriteString(",")
 		create.WriteString(name)
-		create.WriteString(" ")
-		create.WriteString(stmt.ColumnDeclType(1))
-		sep = ","
 	}
 	stmt.Close()

--- a/go.mod
+++ b/go.mod
@@ -5,18 +5,18 @@ go 1.24.0
 require (
 	github.com/ncruces/julianday v1.0.0
 	github.com/ncruces/sort v0.1.6
-	github.com/ncruces/wbt v1.0.0
-	github.com/tetratelabs/wazero v1.11.0
-	golang.org/x/sys v0.40.0
+	github.com/ncruces/wbt v0.2.0
+	github.com/tetratelabs/wazero v1.10.1
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.38.0
 )

 require (
 	github.com/dchest/siphash v1.2.3 // ext/bloom
 	github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0 // ext/uuid
 	github.com/psanford/httpreadat v0.1.0 // example
-	golang.org/x/crypto v0.46.0 // vfs/adiantum vfs/xts
-	golang.org/x/sync v0.19.0 // test
-	golang.org/x/text v0.33.0 // ext/unicode
+	golang.org/x/crypto v0.45.0 // vfs/adiantum vfs/xts
+	golang.org/x/sync v0.18.0 // test
+	golang.org/x/text v0.31.0 // ext/unicode
 	lukechampine.com/adiantum v1.1.1 // vfs/adiantum
 )

--- a/go.sum
+++ b/go.sum
@@ -6,19 +6,19 @@ github.com/ncruces/julianday v1.0.0 h1:fH0OKwa7NWvniGQtxdJRxAgkBMolni2BjDHaWTxqt
 github.com/ncruces/julianday v1.0.0/go.mod h1:Dusn2KvZrrovOMJuOt0TNXL6tB7U2E8kvza5fFc9G7g=
 github.com/ncruces/sort v0.1.6 h1:TrsJfGRH1AoWoaeB4/+gCohot9+cA6u/INaH5agIhNk=
 github.com/ncruces/sort v0.1.6/go.mod h1:obJToO4rYr6VWP0Uw5FYymgYGt3Br4RXcs/JdKaXAPk=
-github.com/ncruces/wbt v1.0.0 h1:8iBE7UPjTLUpzu3/FCRjAmuQjWzgxo10RGBgt3ooLSc=
-github.com/ncruces/wbt v1.0.0/go.mod h1:DtF92amvMxH69EmBFUSFWRDAlo6hOEfoNQnClxj9C/c=
+github.com/ncruces/wbt v0.2.0 h1:Q9zlKOBSZc7Yy/R2cGa35g6RKUUE3BjNIW3tfGC4F04=
+github.com/ncruces/wbt v0.2.0/go.mod h1:DtF92amvMxH69EmBFUSFWRDAlo6hOEfoNQnClxj9C/c=
 github.com/psanford/httpreadat v0.1.0 h1:VleW1HS2zO7/4c7c7zNl33fO6oYACSagjJIyMIwZLUE=
 github.com/psanford/httpreadat v0.1.0/go.mod h1:Zg7P+TlBm3bYbyHTKv/EdtSJZn3qwbPwpfZ/I9GKCRE=
-github.com/tetratelabs/wazero v1.11.0 h1:+gKemEuKCTevU4d7ZTzlsvgd1uaToIDtlQlmNbwqYhA=
-github.com/tetratelabs/wazero v1.11.0/go.mod h1:eV28rsN8Q+xwjogd7f4/Pp4xFxO7uOGbLcD/LzB1wiU=
-golang.org/x/crypto v0.46.0 h1:cKRW/pmt1pKAfetfu+RCEvjvZkA9RimPbh7bhFjGVBU=
-golang.org/x/crypto v0.46.0/go.mod h1:Evb/oLKmMraqjZ2iQTwDwvCtJkczlDuTmdJXoZVzqU0=
-golang.org/x/sync v0.19.0 h1:vV+1eWNmZ5geRlYjzm2adRgW2/mcpevXNg50YZtPCE4=
-golang.org/x/sync v0.19.0/go.mod h1:9KTHXmSnoGruLpwFjVSX0lNNA75CykiMECbovNTZqGI=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.40.0 h1:DBZZqJ2Rkml6QMQsZywtnjnnGvHza6BTfYFWY9kjEWQ=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.40.0/go.mod h1:OgkHotnGiDImocRcuBABYBEXf8A9a87e/uXjp9XT3ks=
-golang.org/x/text v0.33.0 h1:B3njUFyqtHDUI5jMn1YIr5B0IE2U0qck04r6d4KPAxE=
-golang.org/x/text v0.33.0/go.mod h1:LuMebE6+rBincTi9+xWTY8TztLzKHc/9C1uBCG27+q8=
+github.com/tetratelabs/wazero v1.10.1 h1:2DugeJf6VVk58KTPszlNfeeN8AhhpwcZqkJj2wwFuH8=
+github.com/tetratelabs/wazero v1.10.1/go.mod h1:DRm5twOQ5Gr1AoEdSi0CLjDQF1J9ZAuyqFIjl1KKfQU=
+golang.org/x/crypto v0.45.0 h1:jMBrvKuj23MTlT0bQEOBcAE0mjg8mK9RXFhRH6nyF3Q=
+golang.org/x/crypto v0.45.0/go.mod h1:XTGrrkGJve7CYK7J8PEww4aY7gM3qMCElcJQ8n8JdX4=
+golang.org/x/sync v0.18.0 h1:kr88TuHDroi+UVf+0hZnirlk8o8T+4MrK6mr60WkH/I=
+golang.org/x/sync v0.18.0/go.mod h1:9KTHXmSnoGruLpwFjVSX0lNNA75CykiMECbovNTZqGI=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.38.0 h1:3yZWxaJjBmCWXqhN1qh02AkOnCQ1poK6oF+a7xWL6Gc=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.38.0/go.mod h1:OgkHotnGiDImocRcuBABYBEXf8A9a87e/uXjp9XT3ks=
+golang.org/x/text v0.31.0 h1:aC8ghyu4JhP8VojJ2lEHBnochRno1sgL6nEi9WGFGMM=
+golang.org/x/text v0.31.0/go.mod h1:tKRAlv61yKIjGGHX/4tP1LTbc13YSec1pxVEWXzfoeM=
 lukechampine.com/adiantum v1.1.1 h1:4fp6gTxWCqpEbLy40ExiYDDED3oUNWx5cTqBCtPdZqA=
 lukechampine.com/adiantum v1.1.1/go.mod h1:LrAYVnTYLnUtE/yMp5bQr0HstAf060YUF8nM0B6+rUw=
--- a/gormlite/go.mod
+++ b/gormlite/go.mod
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ module github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/gormlite
 go 1.24.0

 require (
-	github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3 v0.30.3
+	github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3 v0.30.1
 	gorm.io/gorm v1.31.1
 )

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/jinzhu/inflection v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/jinzhu/now v1.1.5 // indirect
 	github.com/ncruces/julianday v1.0.0 // indirect
-	github.com/tetratelabs/wazero v1.11.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/sys v0.39.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/text v0.32.0 // indirect
+	github.com/tetratelabs/wazero v1.10.1 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.38.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/text v0.31.0 // indirect
 )
--- a/gormlite/go.sum
+++ b/gormlite/go.sum
@@ -2,15 +2,15 @@ github.com/jinzhu/inflection v1.0.0 h1:K317FqzuhWc8YvSVlFMCCUb36O/S9MCKRDI7QkRKD
 github.com/jinzhu/inflection v1.0.0/go.mod h1:h+uFLlag+Qp1Va5pdKtLDYj+kHp5pxUVkryuEj+Srlc=
 github.com/jinzhu/now v1.1.5 h1:/o9tlHleP7gOFmsnYNz3RGnqzefHA47wQpKrrdTIwXQ=
 github.com/jinzhu/now v1.1.5/go.mod h1:d3SSVoowX0Lcu0IBviAWJpolVfI5UJVZZ7cO71lE/z8=
-github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3 v0.30.3 h1:X/CgWW9GzmIAkEPrifhKqf0cC15DuOVxAJaHFTTAURQ=
-github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3 v0.30.3/go.mod h1:AxKu9sRxkludimFocbktlY6LiYSkxiI5gTA8r+os/Nw=
+github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3 v0.30.1 h1:pHC3YsyRdJv4pCMB4MO1Q2BXw/CAa+Hoj7GSaKtVk+g=
+github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3 v0.30.1/go.mod h1:UVsWrQaq1qkcal5/vT5lOJnZCVlR5rsThKdwidjFsKc=
 github.com/ncruces/julianday v1.0.0 h1:fH0OKwa7NWvniGQtxdJRxAgkBMolni2BjDHaWTxqt7M=
 github.com/ncruces/julianday v1.0.0/go.mod h1:Dusn2KvZrrovOMJuOt0TNXL6tB7U2E8kvza5fFc9G7g=
-github.com/tetratelabs/wazero v1.11.0 h1:+gKemEuKCTevU4d7ZTzlsvgd1uaToIDtlQlmNbwqYhA=
-github.com/tetratelabs/wazero v1.11.0/go.mod h1:eV28rsN8Q+xwjogd7f4/Pp4xFxO7uOGbLcD/LzB1wiU=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.39.0 h1:CvCKL8MeisomCi6qNZ+wbb0DN9E5AATixKsvNtMoMFk=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.39.0/go.mod h1:OgkHotnGiDImocRcuBABYBEXf8A9a87e/uXjp9XT3ks=
-golang.org/x/text v0.32.0 h1:ZD01bjUt1FQ9WJ0ClOL5vxgxOI/sVCNgX1YtKwcY0mU=
-golang.org/x/text v0.32.0/go.mod h1:o/rUWzghvpD5TXrTIBuJU77MTaN0ljMWE47kxGJQ7jY=
+github.com/tetratelabs/wazero v1.10.1 h1:2DugeJf6VVk58KTPszlNfeeN8AhhpwcZqkJj2wwFuH8=
+github.com/tetratelabs/wazero v1.10.1/go.mod h1:DRm5twOQ5Gr1AoEdSi0CLjDQF1J9ZAuyqFIjl1KKfQU=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.38.0 h1:3yZWxaJjBmCWXqhN1qh02AkOnCQ1poK6oF+a7xWL6Gc=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.38.0/go.mod h1:OgkHotnGiDImocRcuBABYBEXf8A9a87e/uXjp9XT3ks=
+golang.org/x/text v0.31.0 h1:aC8ghyu4JhP8VojJ2lEHBnochRno1sgL6nEi9WGFGMM=
+golang.org/x/text v0.31.0/go.mod h1:tKRAlv61yKIjGGHX/4tP1LTbc13YSec1pxVEWXzfoeM=
 gorm.io/gorm v1.31.1 h1:7CA8FTFz/gRfgqgpeKIBcervUn3xSyPUmr6B2WXJ7kg=
 gorm.io/gorm v1.31.1/go.mod h1:XyQVbO2k6YkOis7C2437jSit3SsDK72s7n7rsSHd+Gs=
--- a/litestream/README.md
+++ b/litestream/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# Litestream lightweight read-replicas
+
+This package implements the **EXPERIMENTAL** `"litestream"` SQLite VFS
+that offers Litestream [lightweight read-replicas](https://fly.io/blog/litestream-revamped/#lightweight-read-replicas).
+
+See the [example](vfs_test.go) for how to use.
+
+To improve performance,
+increase `PollInterval` (and `MinLevel`) as much as you can,
+and set [`PRAGMA cache_size=N`](https://www.sqlite.org/pragma.html#pragma_cache_size)
+(or use `_pragma=cache_size(N)`).
--- a/litestream/api.go
+++ b/litestream/api.go
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+// Package litestream implements a Litestream lightweight read-replica VFS.
+package litestream
+
+import (
+	"log/slog"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/benbjohnson/litestream"
+
+	"github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/vfs"
+)
+
+const (
+	// The default poll interval.
+	DefaultPollInterval = 1 * time.Second
+
+	// The default cache size: 10 MiB.
+	DefaultCacheSize = 10 * 1024 * 1024
+)
+
+func init() {
+	vfs.Register("litestream", liteVFS{})
+}
+
+var (
+	liteMtx sync.RWMutex
+	// +checklocks:liteMtx
+	liteDBs = map[string]*liteDB{}
+)
+
+// ReplicaOptions represents options for [NewReplica].
+type ReplicaOptions struct {
+	// Where to log error messages. May be nil.
+	Logger *slog.Logger
+
+	// Replica poll interval.
+	// Should be less than the compaction interval
+	// used by the replica at MinLevel+1.
+	PollInterval time.Duration
+
+	// Minimum compaction level to track.
+	MinLevel int
+
+	// CacheSize is the maximum size of the page cache in bytes.
+	// Zero means DefaultCacheSize, negative disables caching.
+	CacheSize int
+}
+
+// NewReplica creates a read-replica from a Litestream client.
+func NewReplica(name string, client litestream.ReplicaClient, options ReplicaOptions) {
+	if options.Logger != nil {
+		options.Logger = options.Logger.With("name", name)
+	} else {
+		options.Logger = slog.New(slog.DiscardHandler)
+	}
+	if options.PollInterval <= 0 {
+		options.PollInterval = DefaultPollInterval
+	}
+	if options.CacheSize == 0 {
+		options.CacheSize = DefaultCacheSize
+	}
+
+	liteMtx.Lock()
+	defer liteMtx.Unlock()
+	liteDBs[name] = &liteDB{
+		client: client,
+		opts:   options,
+		cache:  pageCache{size: options.CacheSize},
+	}
+}
+
+// RemoveReplica removes a replica by name.
+func RemoveReplica(name string) {
+	liteMtx.Lock()
+	defer liteMtx.Unlock()
+	delete(liteDBs, name)
+}
--- a/litestream/cache.go
+++ b/litestream/cache.go
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+package litestream
+
+import (
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"sync"
+
+	"golang.org/x/sync/singleflight"
+
+	"github.com/superfly/ltx"
+)
+
+type pageCache struct {
+	single singleflight.Group
+	pages  map[uint32]cachedPage // +checklocks:mtx
+	size   int
+	mtx    sync.Mutex
+}
+
+type cachedPage struct {
+	data []byte
+	txid ltx.TXID
+}
+
+func (c *pageCache) getOrFetch(pgno uint32, maxTXID ltx.TXID, fetch func() (any, error)) ([]byte, error) {
+	if c.size >= 0 {
+		c.mtx.Lock()
+		if c.pages == nil {
+			c.pages = map[uint32]cachedPage{}
+		}
+		page := c.pages[pgno]
+		c.mtx.Unlock()
+
+		if page.txid == maxTXID {
+			return page.data, nil
+		}
+	}
+
+	var key [12]byte
+	binary.LittleEndian.PutUint32(key[0:], pgno)
+	binary.LittleEndian.PutUint64(key[4:], uint64(maxTXID))
+	v, err, _ := c.single.Do(string(key[:]), fetch)
+
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	page := cachedPage{v.([]byte), maxTXID}
+	if c.size >= 0 {
+		c.mtx.Lock()
+		c.evict(len(page.data))
+		c.pages[pgno] = page
+		c.mtx.Unlock()
+	}
+	return page.data, nil
+}
+
+// +checklocks:c.mtx
+func (c *pageCache) evict(pageSize int) {
+	// Evict random keys until we're under the maximum size.
+	// SQLite has its own page cache, which it will use for each connection.
+	// Since this is a second layer of shared cache,
+	// random eviction is probably good enough.
+	if pageSize*len(c.pages) < c.size {
+		return
+	}
+	for key := range c.pages {
+		delete(c.pages, key)
+		if pageSize*len(c.pages) < c.size {
+			return
+		}
+	}
+}
--- a/litestream/example_test.go
+++ b/litestream/example_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+package litestream_test
+
+import (
+	"log"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/benbjohnson/litestream/s3"
+
+	"github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/driver"
+	_ "github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/embed"
+	"github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/litestream"
+)
+
+func ExampleNewReplica() {
+	client := s3.NewReplicaClient()
+	client.Bucket = "test-bucket"
+	client.Path = "fruits.db"
+
+	litestream.NewReplica("fruits.db", client, litestream.ReplicaOptions{
+		PollInterval: 5 * time.Second,
+	})
+
+	db, err := driver.Open("file:fruits.db?vfs=litestream")
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatalln(err)
+	}
+	defer db.Close()
+
+	for {
+		time.Sleep(time.Second)
+		rows, err := db.Query("SELECT * FROM fruits")
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Fatalln(err)
+		}
+
+		for rows.Next() {
+			var name, color string
+			err := rows.Scan(&name, &color)
+			if err != nil {
+				log.Fatalln(err)
+			}
+			log.Println(name, color)
+		}
+
+		log.Println("===")
+		rows.Close()
+	}
+}
--- a/litestream/go.mod
+++ b/litestream/go.mod
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+module github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/litestream
+
+go 1.24.4
+
+require (
+	github.com/benbjohnson/litestream v0.5.2
+	github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3 v0.30.1
+	github.com/ncruces/wbt v0.2.0
+	github.com/superfly/ltx v0.5.0
+)
+
+// github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3
+require (
+	github.com/ncruces/julianday v1.0.0 // indirect
+	github.com/tetratelabs/wazero v1.10.1 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.38.0 // indirect
+)
+
+// github.com/superfly/ltx
+require github.com/pierrec/lz4/v4 v4.1.22 // indirect
+
+// github.com/benbjohnson/litestream
+require (
+	filippo.io/age v1.2.1 // indirect
+	github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.1 // indirect
+	github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.3.0 // indirect
+	github.com/kr/text v0.2.0 // indirect
+	github.com/munnerz/goautoneg v0.0.0-20191010083416-a7dc8b61c822 // indirect
+	github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.23.2 // indirect
+	github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.6.2 // indirect
+	github.com/prometheus/common v0.67.3 // indirect
+	github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.19.2 // indirect
+	github.com/psanford/sqlite3vfs v0.0.0-20240315230605-24e1d98cf361 // indirect
+	go.yaml.in/yaml/v2 v2.4.3 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/crypto v0.45.0 // indirect
+	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.10 // indirect
+	modernc.org/sqlite v1.40.1 // indirect
+)
+
+// github.com/benbjohnson/litestream/s3
+require (
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2 v1.37.1 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/aws/protocol/eventstream v1.7.0 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/config v1.30.2 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/credentials v1.18.2 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/feature/ec2/imds v1.18.1 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/feature/s3/manager v1.18.2 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/internal/configsources v1.4.1 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/internal/endpoints/v2 v2.7.1 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/internal/ini v1.8.3 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/internal/v4a v1.4.1 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/internal/accept-encoding v1.13.0 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/internal/checksum v1.8.1 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/internal/presigned-url v1.13.1 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/internal/s3shared v1.19.1 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/s3 v1.85.1 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/sso v1.26.1 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/ssooidc v1.31.1 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/sts v1.35.1 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/smithy-go v1.22.5 // indirect
+)
+
+replace modernc.org/sqlite => github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/litestream/modernc v0.0.0-20251109124432-99b097de3b79
--- a/litestream/go.sum
+++ b/litestream/go.sum
@@ -0,0 +1,197 @@
+c2sp.org/CCTV/age v0.0.0-20240306222714-3ec4d716e805 h1:u2qwJeEvnypw+OCPUHmoZE3IqwfuN5kgDfo5MLzpNM0=
+c2sp.org/CCTV/age v0.0.0-20240306222714-3ec4d716e805/go.mod h1:FomMrUJ2Lxt5jCLmZkG3FHa72zUprnhd3v/Z18Snm4w=
+cloud.google.com/go v0.111.0 h1:YHLKNupSD1KqjDbQ3+LVdQ81h/UJbJyZG203cEfnQgM=
+cloud.google.com/go v0.111.0/go.mod h1:0mibmpKP1TyOOFYQY5izo0LnT+ecvOQ0Sg3OdmMiNRU=
+cloud.google.com/go/compute v1.23.3 h1:6sVlXXBmbd7jNX0Ipq0trII3e4n1/MsADLK6a+aiVlk=
+cloud.google.com/go/compute v1.23.3/go.mod h1:VCgBUoMnIVIR0CscqQiPJLAG25E3ZRZMzcFZeQ+h8CI=
+cloud.google.com/go/compute/metadata v0.2.3 h1:mg4jlk7mCAj6xXp9UJ4fjI9VUI5rubuGBW5aJ7UnBMY=
+cloud.google.com/go/compute/metadata v0.2.3/go.mod h1:VAV5nSsACxMJvgaAuX6Pk2AawlZn8kiOGuCv6gTkwuA=
+cloud.google.com/go/iam v1.1.5 h1:1jTsCu4bcsNsE4iiqNT5SHwrDRCfRmIaaaVFhRveTJI=
+cloud.google.com/go/iam v1.1.5/go.mod h1:rB6P/Ic3mykPbFio+vo7403drjlgvoWfYpJhMXEbzv8=
+cloud.google.com/go/storage v1.36.0 h1:P0mOkAcaJxhCTvAkMhxMfrTKiNcub4YmmPBtlhAyTr8=
+cloud.google.com/go/storage v1.36.0/go.mod h1:M6M/3V/D3KpzMTJyPOR/HU6n2Si5QdaXYEsng2xgOs8=
+filippo.io/age v1.2.1 h1:X0TZjehAZylOIj4DubWYU1vWQxv9bJpo+Uu2/LGhi1o=
+filippo.io/age v1.2.1/go.mod h1:JL9ew2lTN+Pyft4RiNGguFfOpewKwSHm5ayKD/A4004=
+github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go/sdk/azcore v1.18.2 h1:Hr5FTipp7SL07o2FvoVOX9HRiRH3CR3Mj8pxqCcdD5A=
+github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go/sdk/azcore v1.18.2/go.mod h1:QyVsSSN64v5TGltphKLQ2sQxe4OBQg0J1eKRcVBnfgE=
+github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go/sdk/azidentity v1.11.0 h1:MhRfI58HblXzCtWEZCO0feHs8LweePB3s90r7WaR1KU=
+github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go/sdk/azidentity v1.11.0/go.mod h1:okZ+ZURbArNdlJ+ptXoyHNuOETzOl1Oww19rm8I2WLA=
+github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go/sdk/internal v1.11.2 h1:9iefClla7iYpfYWdzPCRDozdmndjTm8DXdpCzPajMgA=
+github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go/sdk/internal v1.11.2/go.mod h1:XtLgD3ZD34DAaVIIAyG3objl5DynM3CQ/vMcbBNJZGI=
+github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go/sdk/storage/azblob v1.6.2 h1:FwladfywkNirM+FZYLBR2kBz5C8Tg0fw5w5Y7meRXWI=
+github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go/sdk/storage/azblob v1.6.2/go.mod h1:vv5Ad0RrIoT1lJFdWBZwt4mB1+j+V8DUroixmKDTCdk=
+github.com/AzureAD/microsoft-authentication-library-for-go v1.4.2 h1:oygO0locgZJe7PpYPXT5A29ZkwJaPqcva7BVeemZOZs=
+github.com/AzureAD/microsoft-authentication-library-for-go v1.4.2/go.mod h1:wP83P5OoQ5p6ip3ScPr0BAq0BvuPAvacpEuSzyouqAI=
+github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2 v1.37.1 h1:SMUxeNz3Z6nqGsXv0JuJXc8w5YMtrQMuIBmDx//bBDY=
+github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2 v1.37.1/go.mod h1:9Q0OoGQoboYIAJyslFyF1f5K1Ryddop8gqMhWx/n4Wg=
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+go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.21.0/go.mod h1:o1p3CA8nNHW8j5yuQLdc1eeqEaPfzug24uvsyIEJRWM=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.21.0 h1:WD9i5gzvoUPuXIXH24ZNBudiarZDKuekPqi/E8fpfLc=
+go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.21.0/go.mod h1:LGbsEB0f9LGjN+OZaQQ26sohbOmiMR+BaslueVtS/qQ=
+go.uber.org/goleak v1.3.0 h1:2K3zAYmnTNqV73imy9J1T3WC+gmCePx2hEGkimedGto=
+go.uber.org/goleak v1.3.0/go.mod h1:CoHD4mav9JJNrW/WLlf7HGZPjdw8EucARQHekz1X6bE=
+go.yaml.in/yaml/v2 v2.4.3 h1:6gvOSjQoTB3vt1l+CU+tSyi/HOjfOjRLJ4YwYZGwRO0=
+go.yaml.in/yaml/v2 v2.4.3/go.mod h1:zSxWcmIDjOzPXpjlTTbAsKokqkDNAVtZO0WOMiT90s8=
+golang.org/x/crypto v0.45.0 h1:jMBrvKuj23MTlT0bQEOBcAE0mjg8mK9RXFhRH6nyF3Q=
+golang.org/x/crypto v0.45.0/go.mod h1:XTGrrkGJve7CYK7J8PEww4aY7gM3qMCElcJQ8n8JdX4=
+golang.org/x/net v0.47.0 h1:Mx+4dIFzqraBXUugkia1OOvlD6LemFo1ALMHjrXDOhY=
+golang.org/x/net v0.47.0/go.mod h1:/jNxtkgq5yWUGYkaZGqo27cfGZ1c5Nen03aYrrKpVRU=
+golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.32.0 h1:jsCblLleRMDrxMN29H3z/k1KliIvpLgCkE6R8FXXNgY=
+golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.32.0/go.mod h1:lzm5WQJQwKZ3nwavOZ3IS5Aulzxi68dUSgRHujetwEA=
+golang.org/x/sync v0.17.0 h1:l60nONMj9l5drqw6jlhIELNv9I0A4OFgRsG9k2oT9Ug=
+golang.org/x/sync v0.17.0/go.mod h1:9KTHXmSnoGruLpwFjVSX0lNNA75CykiMECbovNTZqGI=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.38.0 h1:3yZWxaJjBmCWXqhN1qh02AkOnCQ1poK6oF+a7xWL6Gc=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.38.0/go.mod h1:OgkHotnGiDImocRcuBABYBEXf8A9a87e/uXjp9XT3ks=
+golang.org/x/text v0.31.0 h1:aC8ghyu4JhP8VojJ2lEHBnochRno1sgL6nEi9WGFGMM=
+golang.org/x/text v0.31.0/go.mod h1:tKRAlv61yKIjGGHX/4tP1LTbc13YSec1pxVEWXzfoeM=
+golang.org/x/time v0.5.0 h1:o7cqy6amK/52YcAKIPlM3a+Fpj35zvRj2TP+e1xFSfk=
+golang.org/x/time v0.5.0/go.mod h1:3BpzKBy/shNhVucY/MWOyx10tF3SFh9QdLuxbVysPQM=
+golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20191204190536-9bdfabe68543/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
+google.golang.org/api v0.154.0 h1:X7QkVKZBskztmpPKWQXgjJRPA2dJYrL6r+sYPRLj050=
+google.golang.org/api v0.154.0/go.mod h1:qhSMkM85hgqiokIYsrRyKxrjfBeIhgl4Z2JmeRkYylc=
+google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20231212172506-995d672761c0 h1:YJ5pD9rF8o9Qtta0Cmy9rdBwkSjrTCT6XTiUQVOtIos=
+google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20231212172506-995d672761c0/go.mod h1:l/k7rMz0vFTBPy+tFSGvXEd3z+BcoG1k7EHbqm+YBsY=
+google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20231212172506-995d672761c0 h1:s1w3X6gQxwrLEpxnLd/qXTVLgQE2yXwaOaoa6IlY/+o=
+google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20231212172506-995d672761c0/go.mod h1:CAny0tYF+0/9rmDB9fahA9YLzX3+AEVl1qXbv5hhj6c=
+google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20231212172506-995d672761c0 h1:/jFB8jK5R3Sq3i/lmeZO0cATSzFfZaJq1J2Euan3XKU=
+google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20231212172506-995d672761c0/go.mod h1:FUoWkonphQm3RhTS+kOEhF8h0iDpm4tdXolVCeZ9KKA=
+google.golang.org/grpc v1.60.1 h1:26+wFr+cNqSGFcOXcabYC0lUVJVRa2Sb2ortSK7VrEU=
+google.golang.org/grpc v1.60.1/go.mod h1:OlCHIeLYqSSsLi6i49B5QGdzaMZK9+M7LXN2FKz4eGM=
+google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.10 h1:AYd7cD/uASjIL6Q9LiTjz8JLcrh/88q5UObnmY3aOOE=
+google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.10/go.mod h1:HTf+CrKn2C3g5S8VImy6tdcUvCska2kB7j23XfzDpco=
+gopkg.in/check.v1 v0.0.0-20161208181325-20d25e280405/go.mod h1:Co6ibVJAznAaIkqp8huTwlJQCZ016jof/cbN4VW5Yz0=
+gopkg.in/check.v1 v1.0.0-20201130134442-10cb98267c6c h1:Hei/4ADfdWqJk1ZMxUNpqntNwaWcugrBjAiHlqqRiVk=
+gopkg.in/check.v1 v1.0.0-20201130134442-10cb98267c6c/go.mod h1:JHkPIbrfpd72SG/EVd6muEfDQjcINNoR0C8j2r3qZ4Q=
+gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1 h1:fxVm/GzAzEWqLHuvctI91KS9hhNmmWOoWu0XTYJS7CA=
+gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1/go.mod h1:K4uyk7z7BCEPqu6E+C64Yfv1cQ7kz7rIZviUmN+EgEM=
--- a/litestream/modernc/go.mod
+++ b/litestream/modernc/go.mod
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+module modernc.org/sqlite
+
+go 1.24.0
+
+require github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3 v0.30.1
+
+require (
+	github.com/ncruces/julianday v1.0.0 // indirect
+	github.com/tetratelabs/wazero v1.10.1 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.38.0 // indirect
+)
--- a/litestream/modernc/go.sum
+++ b/litestream/modernc/go.sum
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3 v0.30.1 h1:pHC3YsyRdJv4pCMB4MO1Q2BXw/CAa+Hoj7GSaKtVk+g=
+github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3 v0.30.1/go.mod h1:UVsWrQaq1qkcal5/vT5lOJnZCVlR5rsThKdwidjFsKc=
+github.com/ncruces/julianday v1.0.0 h1:fH0OKwa7NWvniGQtxdJRxAgkBMolni2BjDHaWTxqt7M=
+github.com/ncruces/julianday v1.0.0/go.mod h1:Dusn2KvZrrovOMJuOt0TNXL6tB7U2E8kvza5fFc9G7g=
+github.com/tetratelabs/wazero v1.10.1 h1:2DugeJf6VVk58KTPszlNfeeN8AhhpwcZqkJj2wwFuH8=
+github.com/tetratelabs/wazero v1.10.1/go.mod h1:DRm5twOQ5Gr1AoEdSi0CLjDQF1J9ZAuyqFIjl1KKfQU=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.38.0 h1:3yZWxaJjBmCWXqhN1qh02AkOnCQ1poK6oF+a7xWL6Gc=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.38.0/go.mod h1:OgkHotnGiDImocRcuBABYBEXf8A9a87e/uXjp9XT3ks=
+golang.org/x/text v0.30.0 h1:yznKA/E9zq54KzlzBEAWn1NXSQ8DIp/NYMy88xJjl4k=
+golang.org/x/text v0.30.0/go.mod h1:yDdHFIX9t+tORqspjENWgzaCVXgk0yYnYuSZ8UzzBVM=
--- a/litestream/modernc/sqlite.go
+++ b/litestream/modernc/sqlite.go
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+// Package sqlite provides a shim that allows Litestream to work with the ncruces SQLite driver.
+package sqlite
+
+import (
+	"database/sql"
+	"slices"
+
+	"github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/driver"
+	_ "github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/embed"
+)
+
+func init() {
+	if !slices.Contains(sql.Drivers(), "sqlite") {
+		sql.Register("sqlite", &driver.SQLite{})
+	}
+}
+
+type FileControl interface {
+	FileControlPersistWAL(string, int) (int, error)
+}
--- a/litestream/vfs.go
+++ b/litestream/vfs.go
@@ -0,0 +1,309 @@
+package litestream
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/benbjohnson/litestream"
+	"github.com/superfly/ltx"
+
+	"github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3"
+	"github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/util/vfsutil"
+	"github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/vfs"
+	"github.com/ncruces/wbt"
+)
+
+type liteVFS struct{}
+
+func (liteVFS) Open(name string, flags vfs.OpenFlag) (vfs.File, vfs.OpenFlag, error) {
+	// Temp journals, as used by the sorter, use SliceFile.
+	if flags&vfs.OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL != 0 {
+		return &vfsutil.SliceFile{}, flags | vfs.OPEN_MEMORY, nil
+	}
+	// Refuse to open all other file types.
+	if flags&vfs.OPEN_MAIN_DB == 0 {
+		return nil, flags, sqlite3.CANTOPEN
+	}
+
+	liteMtx.RLock()
+	defer liteMtx.RUnlock()
+	if db, ok := liteDBs[name]; ok {
+		// Build the page index so we can lookup individual pages.
+		if err := db.buildIndex(context.Background()); err != nil {
+			db.opts.Logger.Error("build index", "error", err)
+			return nil, 0, err
+		}
+		return &liteFile{db: db}, flags | vfs.OPEN_READONLY, nil
+	}
+	return nil, flags, sqlite3.CANTOPEN
+}
+
+func (liteVFS) Delete(name string, dirSync bool) error {
+	// notest // used to delete journals
+	return sqlite3.IOERR_DELETE_NOENT
+}
+
+func (liteVFS) Access(name string, flag vfs.AccessFlag) (bool, error) {
+	// notest // used to check for journals
+	return false, nil
+}
+
+func (liteVFS) FullPathname(name string) (string, error) {
+	return name, nil
+}
+
+type liteFile struct {
+	db       *liteDB
+	conn     *sqlite3.Conn
+	pages    *pageIndex
+	txid     ltx.TXID
+	pageSize uint32
+}
+
+func (f *liteFile) Close() error { return nil }
+
+func (f *liteFile) ReadAt(p []byte, off int64) (n int, err error) {
+	ctx := f.context()
+	pages, txid := f.pages, f.txid
+	if pages == nil {
+		pages, txid, err = f.db.pollReplica(ctx)
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+
+	pgno := uint32(1)
+	if off >= 512 {
+		pgno += uint32(off / int64(f.pageSize))
+	}
+
+	elem, ok := pages.Get(pgno)
+	if !ok {
+		return 0, io.EOF
+	}
+
+	data, err := f.db.cache.getOrFetch(pgno, elem.MaxTXID, func() (any, error) {
+		_, data, err := litestream.FetchPage(ctx, f.db.client, elem.Level, elem.MinTXID, elem.MaxTXID, elem.Offset, elem.Size)
+		return data, err
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		f.db.opts.Logger.Error("fetch page", "error", err)
+		return 0, err
+	}
+
+	// Update the first page to pretend we are in journal mode,
+	// load the page size and track changes to the database.
+	if pgno == 1 && len(data) >= 100 &&
+		data[18] >= 1 && data[19] >= 1 &&
+		data[18] <= 3 && data[19] <= 3 {
+		data[18], data[19] = 0x01, 0x01
+		binary.BigEndian.PutUint32(data[24:28], uint32(txid))
+		f.pageSize = uint32(256 * binary.LittleEndian.Uint16(data[16:18]))
+	}
+
+	n = copy(p, data[off%int64(len(data)):])
+	return n, nil
+}
+
+func (f *liteFile) WriteAt(b []byte, off int64) (n int, err error) {
+	// notest // OPEN_READONLY
+	return 0, sqlite3.IOERR_WRITE
+}
+
+func (f *liteFile) Truncate(size int64) error {
+	// notest // OPEN_READONLY
+	return sqlite3.IOERR_TRUNCATE
+}
+
+func (f *liteFile) Sync(flag vfs.SyncFlag) error {
+	// notest // OPEN_READONLY
+	return sqlite3.IOERR_FSYNC
+}
+
+func (f *liteFile) Size() (size int64, err error) {
+	if max := f.pages.Max(); max != nil {
+		size = int64(max.Key()) * int64(f.pageSize)
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+func (f *liteFile) Lock(lock vfs.LockLevel) (err error) {
+	if lock >= vfs.LOCK_RESERVED {
+		return sqlite3.IOERR_LOCK
+	}
+	f.pages, f.txid, err = f.db.pollReplica(f.context())
+	return err
+}
+
+func (f *liteFile) Unlock(lock vfs.LockLevel) error {
+	f.pages, f.txid = nil, 0
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (f *liteFile) CheckReservedLock() (bool, error) {
+	// notest // used to check for hot journals
+	return false, nil
+}
+
+func (f *liteFile) SectorSize() int {
+	// notest // safe default
+	return 0
+}
+
+func (f *liteFile) DeviceCharacteristics() vfs.DeviceCharacteristic {
+	// notest // safe default
+	return 0
+}
+
+func (f *liteFile) SetDB(conn any) {
+	f.conn = conn.(*sqlite3.Conn)
+}
+
+func (f *liteFile) context() context.Context {
+	if f.conn != nil {
+		return f.conn.GetInterrupt()
+	}
+	return context.Background()
+}
+
+type liteDB struct {
+	client   litestream.ReplicaClient
+	opts     ReplicaOptions
+	cache    pageCache
+	pages    *pageIndex // +checklocks:mtx
+	lastPoll time.Time  // +checklocks:mtx
+	txids    levelTXIDs // +checklocks:mtx
+	mtx      sync.Mutex
+}
+
+func (f *liteDB) buildIndex(ctx context.Context) error {
+	f.mtx.Lock()
+	defer f.mtx.Unlock()
+
+	// Skip if we already have an index.
+	if f.pages != nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	// Build the index from scratch from a Litestream restore plan.
+	infos, err := litestream.CalcRestorePlan(ctx, f.client, 0, time.Time{}, f.opts.Logger)
+	if err != nil {
+		if !errors.Is(err, litestream.ErrTxNotAvailable) {
+			return fmt.Errorf("calc restore plan: %w", err)
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	for _, info := range infos {
+		err := f.updateInfo(ctx, info)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	f.lastPoll = time.Now()
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (f *liteDB) pollReplica(ctx context.Context) (*pageIndex, ltx.TXID, error) {
+	f.mtx.Lock()
+	defer f.mtx.Unlock()
+
+	// Limit polling interval.
+	if time.Since(f.lastPoll) < f.opts.PollInterval {
+		return f.pages, f.txids[0], nil
+	}
+
+	for level := range pollLevels(f.opts.MinLevel) {
+		if err := f.updateLevel(ctx, level); err != nil {
+			f.opts.Logger.Error("cannot poll replica", "error", err)
+			return nil, 0, err
+		}
+	}
+
+	f.lastPoll = time.Now()
+	return f.pages, f.txids[0], nil
+}
+
+// +checklocks:f.mtx
+func (f *liteDB) updateLevel(ctx context.Context, level int) error {
+	var nextTXID ltx.TXID
+	// Snapshots must start from scratch,
+	// other levels can start from where they were left.
+	if level != litestream.SnapshotLevel {
+		nextTXID = f.txids[level] + 1
+	}
+
+	// Start reading from the next LTX file after the current position.
+	itr, err := f.client.LTXFiles(ctx, level, nextTXID, false)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("ltx files: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer itr.Close()
+
+	// Build an update across all new LTX files.
+	for itr.Next() {
+		info := itr.Item()
+
+		// Skip LTX files already fully loaded into the index.
+		if info.MaxTXID <= f.txids[level] {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		err := f.updateInfo(ctx, info)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	if err := itr.Err(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return itr.Close()
+}
+
+// +checklocks:f.mtx
+func (f *liteDB) updateInfo(ctx context.Context, info *ltx.FileInfo) error {
+	idx, err := litestream.FetchPageIndex(ctx, f.client, info)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("fetch page index: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Replace pages in the index with new pages.
+	for k, v := range idx {
+		// Patch avoids mutating the index for an unmodified page.
+		f.pages = f.pages.Patch(k, func(node *pageIndex) (ltx.PageIndexElem, bool) {
+			return v, node == nil || v != node.Value()
+		})
+	}
+
+	// Track the MaxTXID for each level.
+	maxTXID := &f.txids[info.Level]
+	*maxTXID = max(*maxTXID, info.MaxTXID)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func pollLevels(minLevel int) (r []int) {
+	// Updating from lower to upper levels is non-racy,
+	// since LTX files are compacted into higher levels
+	// before the lower level LTX files are deleted.
+
+	// Also, only level 0 compactions and snapshots delete files,
+	// so the intermediate levels never need to be updated.
+
+	if minLevel <= 0 {
+		return append(r, 0, 1, litestream.SnapshotLevel)
+	}
+	if minLevel >= litestream.SnapshotLevel {
+		return append(r, litestream.SnapshotLevel)
+	}
+	return append(r, minLevel, litestream.SnapshotLevel)
+}
+
+// Type aliases; these are a mouthful.
+type pageIndex = wbt.Tree[uint32, ltx.PageIndexElem]
+type levelTXIDs = [litestream.SnapshotLevel + 1]ltx.TXID
--- a/litestream/vfs_test.go
+++ b/litestream/vfs_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+package litestream
+
+import (
+	"slices"
+	"strconv"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/benbjohnson/litestream"
+
+	_ "github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/embed"
+)
+
+func Test_pollLevels(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		minLevel int
+		want     []int
+	}{
+		{minLevel: -1, want: []int{0, 1, litestream.SnapshotLevel}},
+		{minLevel: 0, want: []int{0, 1, litestream.SnapshotLevel}},
+		{minLevel: 1, want: []int{1, litestream.SnapshotLevel}},
+		{minLevel: 2, want: []int{2, litestream.SnapshotLevel}},
+		{minLevel: 3, want: []int{3, litestream.SnapshotLevel}},
+		{minLevel: litestream.SnapshotLevel, want: []int{litestream.SnapshotLevel}},
+		{minLevel: litestream.SnapshotLevel + 1, want: []int{litestream.SnapshotLevel}},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(strconv.Itoa(tt.minLevel), func(t *testing.T) {
+			got := pollLevels(tt.minLevel)
+			if !slices.Equal(got, tt.want) {
+				t.Errorf("pollLevels() = %v, want %v", got, tt.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
--- a/registry.go
+++ b/registry.go
@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@ var (
 // https://sqlite.org/c3ref/auto_extension.html
 func AutoExtension(entryPoint func(*Conn) error) {
 	extRegistryMtx.Lock()
+	defer extRegistryMtx.Unlock()
 	extRegistry = append(extRegistry, entryPoint)
-	extRegistryMtx.Unlock()
 }

 func initExtensions(c *Conn) error {
--- a/sqlite3/download.sh
+++ b/sqlite3/download.sh
@@ -3,11 +3,11 @@ set -euo pipefail

 cd -P -- "$(dirname -- "$0")"

-curl -#OL "https://sqlite.org/2025/sqlite-autoconf-3510100.tar.gz"
+curl -#OL "https://sqlite.org/2025/sqlite-autoconf-3510000.tar.gz"

 # Verify download.
 if hash=$(openssl dgst -sha3-256 sqlite-autoconf-*.tar.gz); then
-  if ! [[ $hash =~ 9b2b1e73f577def1d5b75c5541555a7f42e6e073ad19f7a9118478389c9bbd9b ]]; then
+  if ! [[ $hash =~ fa52f9cc74dbca004aa650ae698036a3350611f672649e165078f4eae21d6a2e ]]; then
    echo $hash
    exit 1
  fi
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ mv sqlite-*/sqlite3.h .
 mv sqlite-*/sqlite3ext.h .
 rm -r sqlite-*

-GITHUB_TAG="https://github.com/sqlite/sqlite/raw/version-3.51.1"
+GITHUB_TAG="https://github.com/sqlite/sqlite/raw/version-3.51.0"

 mkdir -p ext/
 cd ext/
--- a/sqlite3/libc/libc.wasm
+++ b/sqlite3/libc/libc.wasm
--- a/sqlite3/libc/libc.wat
+++ b/sqlite3/libc/libc.wat
@@ -4,8 +4,7 @@
 (type $2 (func (param i32 i32 i32 i32)))
 (type $3 (func (param i32) (result i32)))
 (memory $0 256)
- (data $.data (i32.const 4097) "\10\00\00\01\00\00\00\00\00\00\00\0c\10\00\00\0c\10\00\00\0c\10")
- (data $.data.1 (i32.const 4157) "\10\00\00\00\10")
+ (data $0 (i32.const 4096) "\01")
 (table $0 1 1 funcref)
 (export "memory" (memory $0))
 (export "qsort" (func $qsort))
@@ -1494,243 +1493,33 @@
  (local $2 i32)
  (local $3 i32)
  (local $4 i32)
-  (local $5 v128)
+  (local $5 i32)
  (local $6 v128)
  (local $7 v128)
  (local $8 v128)
-  (block $block2
-   (block $block
-    (br_if $block
-     (i32.eqz
-      (local.tee $3
-       (i32.load8_u
-        (local.get $1)
-       )
-      )
+  (local $9 v128)
+  (block $block
+   (if
+    (local.tee $3
+     (i32.load8_u
+      (local.get $1)
     )
    )
-    (br_if $block
-     (i32.eqz
+    (then
+     (br_if $block
      (i32.load8_u offset=1
       (local.get $1)
      )
     )
    )
-    (loop $label
-     (v128.store
-      (i32.const 4080)
-      (local.get $6)
-     )
-     (i32.store8
-      (i32.or
-       (local.tee $3
-        (i32.and
-         (local.tee $2
-          (i32.load8_u
-           (local.get $1)
-          )
-         )
-         (i32.const 15)
-        )
-       )
-       (i32.const 4080)
-      )
-      (i32.or
-       (i32.load8_u
-        (i32.or
-         (local.get $3)
-         (i32.const 4080)
-        )
-       )
-       (i32.shl
-        (i32.const 1)
-        (i32.sub
-         (local.tee $4
-          (i32.shr_u
-           (local.get $2)
-           (i32.const 4)
-          )
-         )
-         (i32.const 8)
-        )
-       )
-      )
-     )
-     (v128.store
-      (i32.const 4064)
-      (local.get $5)
-     )
-     (i32.store8
-      (local.tee $3
-       (i32.or
-        (local.get $3)
-        (i32.const 4064)
-       )
-      )
-      (i32.or
-       (i32.load8_u
-        (local.get $3)
-       )
-       (i32.shl
-        (i32.const 1)
-        (local.get $4)
-       )
-      )
-     )
-     (local.set $1
-      (i32.add
-       (local.get $1)
-       (i32.const 1)
-      )
-     )
-     (local.set $6
-      (v128.load
-       (i32.const 4080)
-      )
-     )
-     (local.set $5
-      (v128.load
-       (i32.const 4064)
-      )
-     )
-     (br_if $label
-      (local.get $2)
-     )
-    )
-    (block $block1
-     (if
-      (v128.any_true
-       (local.tee $7
-        (v128.and
-         (v128.or
-          (i8x16.swizzle
-           (local.get $6)
-           (v128.xor
-            (local.tee $8
-             (v128.and
-              (local.tee $7
-               (v128.load
-                (local.tee $2
-                 (i32.and
-                  (local.get $0)
-                  (i32.const -16)
-                 )
-                )
-               )
-              )
-              (v128.const i32x4 0x8f8f8f8f 0x8f8f8f8f 0x8f8f8f8f 0x8f8f8f8f)
-             )
-            )
-            (v128.const i32x4 0x80808080 0x80808080 0x80808080 0x80808080)
-           )
-          )
-          (i8x16.swizzle
-           (local.get $5)
-           (local.get $8)
-          )
-         )
-         (i8x16.swizzle
-          (v128.const i32x4 0x08040201 0x80402010 0x08040201 0x80402010)
-          (i8x16.shr_u
-           (local.get $7)
-           (i32.const 4)
-          )
-         )
-        )
-       )
-      )
-      (then
-       (br_if $block1
-        (local.tee $1
-         (i32.and
-          (i32.xor
-           (i8x16.bitmask
-            (i8x16.eq
-             (local.get $7)
-             (v128.const i32x4 0x00000000 0x00000000 0x00000000 0x00000000)
-            )
-           )
-           (i32.const 65535)
-          )
-          (i32.shl
-           (i32.const -1)
-           (i32.and
-            (local.get $0)
-            (i32.const 15)
-           )
-          )
-         )
-        )
-       )
-      )
-     )
-     (loop $label1
-      (br_if $label1
-       (i32.eqz
-        (v128.any_true
-         (local.tee $7
-          (v128.and
-           (v128.or
-            (i8x16.swizzle
-             (local.get $6)
-             (v128.xor
-              (local.tee $8
-               (v128.and
-                (local.tee $7
-                 (v128.load
-                  (local.tee $2
-                   (i32.add
-                    (local.get $2)
-                    (i32.const 16)
-                   )
-                  )
-                 )
-                )
-                (v128.const i32x4 0x8f8f8f8f 0x8f8f8f8f 0x8f8f8f8f 0x8f8f8f8f)
-               )
-              )
-              (v128.const i32x4 0x80808080 0x80808080 0x80808080 0x80808080)
-             )
-            )
-            (i8x16.swizzle
-             (local.get $5)
-             (local.get $8)
-            )
-           )
-           (i8x16.swizzle
-            (v128.const i32x4 0x08040201 0x80402010 0x08040201 0x80402010)
-            (i8x16.shr_u
-             (local.get $7)
-             (i32.const 4)
-            )
-           )
-          )
-         )
-        )
-       )
-      )
-     )
-     (local.set $1
-      (i32.xor
-       (i8x16.bitmask
-        (i8x16.eq
-         (local.get $7)
-         (v128.const i32x4 0x00000000 0x00000000 0x00000000 0x00000000)
-        )
-       )
-       (i32.const 65535)
-      )
-     )
-    )
-    (br $block2)
   )
-   (block $block3
+   (block $block1
    (if
     (v128.any_true
-      (local.tee $5
+      (local.tee $6
       (v128.or
        (i8x16.eq
-         (local.tee $6
+         (local.tee $7
          (v128.load
           (local.tee $2
            (i32.and
@@ -1743,8 +1532,8 @@
         (v128.const i32x4 0x00000000 0x00000000 0x00000000 0x00000000)
        )
        (i8x16.eq
-         (local.get $6)
-         (local.tee $6
+         (local.get $7)
+         (local.tee $7
          (i8x16.splat
           (local.get $3)
          )
@@ -1754,11 +1543,11 @@
      )
     )
     (then
-      (br_if $block3
+      (br_if $block1
       (local.tee $1
        (i32.and
         (i8x16.bitmask
-          (local.get $5)
+          (local.get $6)
         )
         (i32.shl
          (i32.const -1)
@@ -1772,14 +1561,14 @@
      )
     )
    )
-    (loop $label2
-     (br_if $label2
+    (loop $label
+     (br_if $label
      (i32.eqz
       (v128.any_true
-        (local.tee $5
+        (local.tee $6
         (v128.or
          (i8x16.eq
-           (local.tee $5
+           (local.tee $6
            (v128.load
             (local.tee $2
              (i32.add
@@ -1792,8 +1581,8 @@
           (v128.const i32x4 0x00000000 0x00000000 0x00000000 0x00000000)
          )
          (i8x16.eq
-           (local.get $5)
           (local.get $6)
+           (local.get $7)
          )
         )
        )
@@ -1803,10 +1592,230 @@
    )
    (local.set $1
     (i8x16.bitmask
+      (local.get $6)
+     )
+    )
+   )
+   (return
+    (i32.add
+     (i32.ctz
+      (local.get $1)
+     )
+     (i32.sub
+      (local.get $2)
+      (local.get $0)
+     )
+    )
+   )
+  )
+  (local.set $4
+   (i32.and
+    (local.get $0)
+    (i32.const 15)
+   )
+  )
+  (loop $label1
+   (v128.store
+    (i32.const 4080)
+    (local.get $7)
+   )
+   (i32.store8
+    (i32.or
+     (local.tee $3
+      (i32.and
+       (local.tee $2
+        (i32.load8_u
+         (local.get $1)
+        )
+       )
+       (i32.const 15)
+      )
+     )
+     (i32.const 4080)
+    )
+    (i32.or
+     (i32.load8_u
+      (i32.or
+       (local.get $3)
+       (i32.const 4080)
+      )
+     )
+     (i32.shl
+      (i32.const 1)
+      (i32.sub
+       (local.tee $5
+        (i32.shr_u
+         (local.get $2)
+         (i32.const 4)
+        )
+       )
+       (i32.const 8)
+      )
+     )
+    )
+   )
+   (v128.store
+    (i32.const 4064)
+    (local.get $6)
+   )
+   (i32.store8
+    (local.tee $3
+     (i32.or
+      (local.get $3)
+      (i32.const 4064)
+     )
+    )
+    (i32.or
+     (i32.load8_u
+      (local.get $3)
+     )
+     (i32.shl
+      (i32.const 1)
      (local.get $5)
     )
    )
   )
+   (local.set $1
+    (i32.add
+     (local.get $1)
+     (i32.const 1)
+    )
+   )
+   (local.set $7
+    (v128.load
+     (i32.const 4080)
+    )
+   )
+   (local.set $6
+    (v128.load
+     (i32.const 4064)
+    )
+   )
+   (br_if $label1
+    (local.get $2)
+   )
+  )
+  (block $block2
+   (if
+    (v128.any_true
+     (local.tee $8
+      (v128.and
+       (v128.or
+        (i8x16.swizzle
+         (local.get $7)
+         (v128.xor
+          (local.tee $9
+           (v128.and
+            (local.tee $8
+             (v128.load
+              (local.tee $2
+               (i32.and
+                (local.get $0)
+                (i32.const -16)
+               )
+              )
+             )
+            )
+            (v128.const i32x4 0x8f8f8f8f 0x8f8f8f8f 0x8f8f8f8f 0x8f8f8f8f)
+           )
+          )
+          (v128.const i32x4 0x80808080 0x80808080 0x80808080 0x80808080)
+         )
+        )
+        (i8x16.swizzle
+         (local.get $6)
+         (local.get $9)
+        )
+       )
+       (i8x16.swizzle
+        (v128.const i32x4 0x08040201 0x80402010 0x08040201 0x80402010)
+        (i8x16.shr_u
+         (local.get $8)
+         (i32.const 4)
+        )
+       )
+      )
+     )
+    )
+    (then
+     (br_if $block2
+      (local.tee $1
+       (i32.and
+        (i32.xor
+         (i8x16.bitmask
+          (i8x16.eq
+           (local.get $8)
+           (v128.const i32x4 0x00000000 0x00000000 0x00000000 0x00000000)
+          )
+         )
+         (i32.const 65535)
+        )
+        (i32.shl
+         (i32.const -1)
+         (local.get $4)
+        )
+       )
+      )
+     )
+    )
+   )
+   (loop $label2
+    (br_if $label2
+     (i32.eqz
+      (v128.any_true
+       (local.tee $8
+        (v128.and
+         (v128.or
+          (i8x16.swizzle
+           (local.get $7)
+           (v128.xor
+            (local.tee $9
+             (v128.and
+              (local.tee $8
+               (v128.load
+                (local.tee $2
+                 (i32.add
+                  (local.get $2)
+                  (i32.const 16)
+                 )
+                )
+               )
+              )
+              (v128.const i32x4 0x8f8f8f8f 0x8f8f8f8f 0x8f8f8f8f 0x8f8f8f8f)
+             )
+            )
+            (v128.const i32x4 0x80808080 0x80808080 0x80808080 0x80808080)
+           )
+          )
+          (i8x16.swizzle
+           (local.get $6)
+           (local.get $9)
+          )
+         )
+         (i8x16.swizzle
+          (v128.const i32x4 0x08040201 0x80402010 0x08040201 0x80402010)
+          (i8x16.shr_u
+           (local.get $8)
+           (i32.const 4)
+          )
+         )
+        )
+       )
+      )
+     )
+    )
+   )
+   (local.set $1
+    (i32.xor
+     (i8x16.bitmask
+      (i8x16.eq
+       (local.get $8)
+       (v128.const i32x4 0x00000000 0x00000000 0x00000000 0x00000000)
+      )
+     )
+     (i32.const 65535)
+    )
+   )
  )
  (i32.add
   (i32.ctz
--- a/time.go
+++ b/time.go
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ import (
 	"time"

 	"github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/internal/util"
-	"github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/util/sql3util"
 	"github.com/ncruces/julianday"
 )

@@ -158,13 +157,11 @@ func (f TimeFormat) Decode(v any) (time.Time, error) {

 	case TimeFormatUnix, TimeFormatUnixFrac:
 		if s, ok := v.(string); ok {
-			if i, err := strconv.ParseInt(s, 10, 64); err == nil {
-				v = i
-			} else if f, ok := sql3util.ParseFloat(s); ok {
-				v = f
-			} else {
-				return time.Time{}, util.TimeErr
+			f, err := strconv.ParseFloat(s, 64)
+			if err != nil {
+				return time.Time{}, err
 			}
+			v = f
 		}
 		switch v := v.(type) {
 		case float64:
@@ -237,8 +234,8 @@ func (f TimeFormat) Decode(v any) (time.Time, error) {
 				v = i
 				break
 			}
-			f, ok := sql3util.ParseFloat(s)
-			if ok {
+			f, err := strconv.ParseFloat(s, 64)
+			if err == nil {
 				v = f
 				break
 			}
--- a/util/sql3util/arg.go
+++ b/util/sql3util/arg.go
@@ -1,10 +1,6 @@
 package sql3util

-import (
-	"strconv"
-	"strings"
-	"time"
-)
+import "strings"

 // NamedArg splits an named arg into a key and value,
 // around an equals sign.
@@ -67,124 +63,3 @@ func ParseBool(s string) (b, ok bool) {
 	}
 	return false, false
 }
-
-// ParseFloat parses a decimal floating point number.
-func ParseFloat(s string) (f float64, ok bool) {
-	if strings.TrimLeft(s, "+-.0123456789Ee") != "" {
-		return
-	}
-	f, err := strconv.ParseFloat(s, 64)
-	return f, err == nil
-}
-
-// ParseTimeShift parses a time shift modifier,
-// also the output of timediff.
-//
-// https://sqlite.org/lang_datefunc.html
-func ParseTimeShift(s string) (years, months, days int, duration time.Duration, ok bool) {
-	// Sign part: ±
-	neg := strings.HasPrefix(s, "-")
-	sign := neg || strings.HasPrefix(s, "+")
-	if sign {
-		s = s[1:]
-	}
-
-	if ok = len(s) >= 5; !ok {
-		return // !ok
-	}
-
-	defer func() {
-		if neg {
-			years = -years
-			months = -months
-			days = -days
-			duration = -duration
-		}
-	}()
-
-	// Date part: YYYY-MM-DD
-	if s[4] == '-' {
-		if ok = sign && len(s) >= 10 && s[7] == '-'; !ok {
-			return // !ok
-		}
-		if years, ok = parseInt(s[0:4], 0); !ok {
-			return // !ok
-		}
-		if months, ok = parseInt(s[5:7], 12); !ok {
-			return // !ok
-		}
-		if days, ok = parseInt(s[8:10], 31); !ok {
-			return // !ok
-		}
-		if len(s) == 10 {
-			return
-		}
-		if ok = s[10] == ' '; !ok {
-			return // !ok
-		}
-		s = s[11:]
-	}
-
-	// Time part: HH:MM
-	if ok = len(s) >= 5 && s[2] == ':'; !ok {
-		return // !ok
-	}
-
-	var hours, minutes int
-	if hours, ok = parseInt(s[0:2], 24); !ok {
-		return
-	}
-	if minutes, ok = parseInt(s[3:5], 60); !ok {
-		return
-	}
-	duration = time.Duration(hours)*time.Hour + time.Duration(minutes)*time.Minute
-
-	if len(s) == 5 {
-		return
-	}
-	if ok = len(s) >= 8 && s[5] == ':'; !ok {
-		return // !ok
-	}
-
-	// Seconds part: HH:MM:SS
-	var seconds int
-	if seconds, ok = parseInt(s[6:8], 60); !ok {
-		return
-	}
-	duration += time.Duration(seconds) * time.Second
-
-	if len(s) == 8 {
-		return
-	}
-	if ok = len(s) >= 10 && s[8] == '.'; !ok {
-		return // !ok
-	}
-	s = s[9:]
-
-	// Nanosecond part: HH:MM:SS.SSS
-	var nanos int
-	if nanos, ok = parseInt(s[0:min(9, len(s))], 0); !ok {
-		return
-	}
-	for i := len(s); i < 9; i++ {
-		nanos *= 10
-	}
-	duration += time.Duration(nanos)
-
-	// Subnanosecond part.
-	if len(s) > 9 {
-		_, ok = parseInt(s[9:], 0)
-	}
-	return
-}
-
-func parseInt(s string, max int) (i int, _ bool) {
-	for _, r := range []byte(s) {
-		r -= '0'
-		if r > 9 {
-			return
-		}
-		i = i*10 + int(r)
-	}
-	return i, max == 0 || i < max
-}
--- a/util/sql3util/arg_test.go
+++ b/util/sql3util/arg_test.go
@@ -2,10 +2,7 @@ package sql3util_test

 import (
 	"testing"
-	"time"

-	"github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3"
-	_ "github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/embed"
 	"github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/util/sql3util"
 )

@@ -56,112 +53,3 @@ func TestParseBool(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	}
 }
-
-func TestParseTimeShift(t *testing.T) {
-	epoch := time.Unix(0, 0)
-	tests := []struct {
-		str string
-		val time.Time
-		ok  bool
-	}{
-		{"", epoch, false},
-		{"0001-11-30", epoch, false},
-		{"+_001-11-30", epoch, false},
-		{"+0001-_1-30", epoch.AddDate(1, 0, 0), false},
-		{"+0001-11-_0", epoch.AddDate(1, 11, 0), false},
-		{"+0001-11-30", epoch.AddDate(1, 11, 30), true},
-		{"-0001-11-30", epoch.AddDate(-1, -11, -30), true},
-		{"+0001-11-30T", epoch.AddDate(1, 11, 30), false},
-		{"+0001-11-30 12", epoch.AddDate(1, 11, 30), false},
-		{"+0001-11-30 _2:30", epoch.AddDate(1, 11, 30), false},
-		{"+0001-11-30 12:_0", epoch.AddDate(1, 11, 30), false},
-		{"+0001-11-30 12:30", epoch.AddDate(1, 11, 30).Add(12*time.Hour + 30*time.Minute), true},
-		{"+0001-11-30 12:30:", epoch.AddDate(1, 11, 30).Add(12*time.Hour + 30*time.Minute), false},
-		{"+0001-11-30 12:30:_0", epoch.AddDate(1, 11, 30).Add(12*time.Hour + 30*time.Minute), false},
-		{"+0001-11-30 12:30:59", epoch.AddDate(1, 11, 30).Add(12*time.Hour + 30*time.Minute + 59*time.Second), true},
-		{"+0001-11-30 12:30:59.", epoch.AddDate(1, 11, 30).Add(12*time.Hour + 30*time.Minute + 59*time.Second), false},
-		{"+0001-11-30 12:30:59._", epoch.AddDate(1, 11, 30).Add(12*time.Hour + 30*time.Minute + 59*time.Second), false},
-		{"+0001-11-30 12:30:59.1", epoch.AddDate(1, 11, 30).Add(12*time.Hour + 30*time.Minute + 59*time.Second + 100*time.Millisecond), true},
-		{"+0001-11-30 12:30:59.123456789_", epoch.AddDate(1, 11, 30).Add(12*time.Hour + 30*time.Minute + 59*time.Second + 123456789), false},
-		{"+0001-11-30 12:30:59.1234567890", epoch.AddDate(1, 11, 30).Add(12*time.Hour + 30*time.Minute + 59*time.Second + 123456789), true},
-		{"-12:30:59.1234567890", epoch.Add(-12*time.Hour - 30*time.Minute - 59*time.Second - 123456789), true},
-	}
-	for _, tt := range tests {
-		t.Run(tt.str, func(t *testing.T) {
-			years, months, days, duration, gotOK := sql3util.ParseTimeShift(tt.str)
-			gotVal := epoch.AddDate(years, months, days).Add(duration)
-			if !gotVal.Equal(tt.val) || gotOK != tt.ok {
-				t.Errorf("ParseTimeShift(%q) = (%v, %v) want (%v, %v)", tt.str, gotVal, gotOK, tt.val, tt.ok)
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-func FuzzParseTimeShift(f *testing.F) {
-	f.Add("")
-	f.Add("0001-12-30")
-	f.Add("+_001-12-30")
-	f.Add("+0001-_2-30")
-	f.Add("+0001-12-_0")
-	f.Add("+0001-12-30")
-	f.Add("-0001-12-30")
-	f.Add("+0001-12-30T")
-	f.Add("+0001-12-30 12")
-	f.Add("+0001-12-30 _2:30")
-	f.Add("+0001-12-30 12:_0")
-	f.Add("+0001-12-30 12:30")
-	f.Add("+0001-12-30 12:30:")
-	f.Add("+0001-12-30 12:30:_0")
-	f.Add("+0001-12-30 12:30:60")
-	f.Add("+0001-12-30 12:30:60.")
-	f.Add("+0001-12-30 12:30:60._")
-	f.Add("+0001-12-30 12:30:60.1")
-	f.Add("+0001-12-30 12:30:60.123456789_")
-	f.Add("+0001-12-30 12:30:60.1234567890")
-	f.Add("-12:30:60.1234567890")
-
-	c, err := sqlite3.Open(":memory:")
-	if err != nil {
-		f.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	defer c.Close()
-
-	s, _, err := c.Prepare(`SELECT julianday('00:00', ?)`)
-	if err != nil {
-		f.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	defer s.Close()
-
-	// Default SQLite date.
-	epoch := time.Date(2000, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
-
-	f.Fuzz(func(t *testing.T, str string) {
-		years, months, days, duration, ok := sql3util.ParseTimeShift(str)
-
-		// Account for a full 400 year cycle.
-		if years < -200 || years > +200 {
-			t.Skip()
-		}
-		// SQLite only tracks milliseconds.
-		if duration != duration.Truncate(time.Millisecond) {
-			t.Skip()
-		}
-
-		if ok {
-			s.Reset()
-			s.BindText(1, str)
-			if !s.Step() {
-				t.Fail()
-			}
-
-			got := epoch.AddDate(years, months, days).Add(duration)
-
-			// Julian day introduces floating point inaccuracy.
-			want := s.ColumnTime(0, sqlite3.TimeFormatJulianDay)
-			want = want.Round(time.Millisecond)
-			if !got.Equal(want) {
-				t.Fatalf("with %q, got %v, want %v", str, got, want)
-			}
-		}
-	})
-}
--- a/vfs/README.md
+++ b/vfs/README.md
@@ -125,5 +125,5 @@ The VFS can be customized with a few build tags:
  wraps a VFS to offer encryption at rest.
 - [`github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/vfs/xts`](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/vfs/xts)
  wraps a VFS to offer encryption at rest.
- [`github.com/ncruces/litestream`](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/ncruces/litestream)
+- [`github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/litestream`](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/litestream)
  implements Litestream [lightweight read-replicas](https://fly.io/blog/litestream-revamped/#lightweight-read-replicas).
--- a/vfs/adiantum/example_test.go
+++ b/vfs/adiantum/example_test.go
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+//go:build linux || darwin || windows || freebsd || openbsd || netbsd || dragonfly || illumos || sqlite3_flock || sqlite3_dotlk
+
 package adiantum_test

 import (
@@ -15,7 +17,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/vfs/adiantum"
 )

-func Example_hPolyC() {
+func ExampleRegister_hpolyc() {
 	vfs.Register("hpolyc", adiantum.Wrap(vfs.Find(""), hpolycCreator{}))

 	db, err := sqlite3.Open("file:demo.db?vfs=hpolyc" +
--- a/vfs/memdb/api.go
+++ b/vfs/memdb/api.go
@@ -34,6 +34,9 @@ var (
 // The new database takes ownership of data,
 // and the caller should not use data after this call.
 func Create(name string, data []byte) {
+	memoryMtx.Lock()
+	defer memoryMtx.Unlock()
+
 	db := &memDB{
 		refs: 1,
 		name: name,
@@ -60,16 +63,14 @@ func Create(name string, data []byte) {
 		}
 	}

-	memoryMtx.Lock()
 	memoryDBs[name] = db
-	memoryMtx.Unlock()
 }

 // Delete deletes a shared memory database.
 func Delete(name string) {
 	memoryMtx.Lock()
+	defer memoryMtx.Unlock()
 	delete(memoryDBs, name)
-	memoryMtx.Unlock()
 }

 // TestDB creates an empty shared memory database for the test to use.
--- a/vfs/memdb/memdb.go
+++ b/vfs/memdb/memdb.go
@@ -92,10 +92,10 @@ type memDB struct {

 func (m *memDB) release() {
 	memoryMtx.Lock()
+	defer memoryMtx.Unlock()
 	if m.refs--; m.refs == 0 && m == memoryDBs[m.name] {
 		delete(memoryDBs, m.name)
 	}
-	memoryMtx.Unlock()
 }

 type memFile struct {
@@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ func (m *memFile) Lock(lock vfs.LockLevel) error {
 		m.reserved = true

 	case vfs.LOCK_EXCLUSIVE:
-		if m.lock == vfs.LOCK_RESERVED {
+		if m.lock < vfs.LOCK_PENDING {
 			m.lock = vfs.LOCK_PENDING
 			m.pending = true
 		}
--- a/vfs/mvcc/api.go
+++ b/vfs/mvcc/api.go
@@ -35,12 +35,13 @@ var (
 // using a snapshot as its initial contents.
 func Create(name string, snapshot Snapshot) {
 	memoryMtx.Lock()
+	defer memoryMtx.Unlock()
+
 	memoryDBs[name] = &mvccDB{
 		refs: 1,
 		name: name,
 		data: snapshot.Tree,
 	}
-	memoryMtx.Unlock()
 }

 // Delete deletes a shared memory database.
@@ -48,8 +49,8 @@ func Delete(name string) {
 	name = getName(name)

 	memoryMtx.Lock()
+	defer memoryMtx.Unlock()
 	delete(memoryDBs, name)
-	memoryMtx.Unlock()
 }

 // Snapshot represents a database snapshot.
@@ -82,9 +83,8 @@ func TakeSnapshot(name string) Snapshot {
 	name = getName(name)

 	memoryMtx.Lock()
+	defer memoryMtx.Unlock()
 	db := memoryDBs[name]
-	memoryMtx.Unlock()
-
 	if db == nil {
 		return Snapshot{}
 	}
--- a/vfs/mvcc/mvcc.go
+++ b/vfs/mvcc/mvcc.go
@@ -79,10 +79,10 @@ type mvccDB struct {

 func (m *mvccDB) release() {
 	memoryMtx.Lock()
+	defer memoryMtx.Unlock()
 	if m.refs--; m.refs == 0 && m == memoryDBs[m.name] {
 		delete(memoryDBs, m.name)
 	}
-	memoryMtx.Unlock()
 }

 type mvccFile struct {
@@ -105,10 +105,10 @@ func (m *mvccFile) Close() error {
 	m.data = nil
 	m.lock = vfs.LOCK_NONE
 	m.mtx.Lock()
+	defer m.mtx.Unlock()
 	if m.owner == m {
 		m.owner = nil
 	}
-	m.mtx.Unlock()
 	return nil
 }

@@ -252,8 +252,9 @@ func (m *mvccFile) Lock(lock vfs.LockLevel) error {
 		}
 		defer time.AfterFunc(time.Millisecond, m.waiter.Broadcast).Stop()
 		for m.owner != nil {
+			// Our snapshot is invalid.
 			if m.data != nil && m.data != m.mvccDB.data {
-				return sqlite3.BUSY_SNAPSHOT // Our snapshot is invalid.
+				return sqlite3.BUSY_SNAPSHOT
 			}
 			if time.Since(before) > time.Millisecond {
 				return sqlite3.BUSY
@@ -265,16 +266,17 @@ func (m *mvccFile) Lock(lock vfs.LockLevel) error {
 	case m.data == nil:
 		m.data = m.mvccDB.data
 	case m.data != m.mvccDB.data:
-		return sqlite3.BUSY_SNAPSHOT // Our snapshot is invalid.
+		// Our snapshot is invalid.
+		return sqlite3.BUSY_SNAPSHOT
 	}
 	// Take ownership.
+	m.wrflag = false
 	m.lock = lock
 	m.owner = m
 	return nil
 }

 func (m *mvccFile) Unlock(lock vfs.LockLevel) error {
-	m.wrflag = false // SQLite calls unlock even if locking is unsuccessful.
 	if m.lock <= lock {
 		return nil
 	}
@@ -285,9 +287,7 @@ func (m *mvccFile) Unlock(lock vfs.LockLevel) error {
 	// Relase ownership, commit changes.
 	if m.owner == m {
 		m.owner = nil
-		if m.lock == vfs.LOCK_EXCLUSIVE {
-			m.mvccDB.data = m.data
-		}
+		m.mvccDB.data = m.data
 		if m.waiter != nil {
 			m.waiter.Broadcast()
 		}
@@ -313,10 +313,10 @@ func (m *mvccFile) CommitPhaseTwo() error {
 	// Modified without lock, commit changes.
 	if m.lock > vfs.LOCK_EXCLUSIVE {
 		m.mtx.Lock()
+		defer m.mtx.Unlock()
 		m.mvccDB.data = m.data
 		m.lock = vfs.LOCK_NONE
 		m.data = nil
-		m.mtx.Unlock()
 	}
 	return nil
 }
--- a/vfs/readervfs/api.go
+++ b/vfs/readervfs/api.go
@@ -30,13 +30,13 @@ var (
 // otherwise SQLite might return incorrect query results and/or [sqlite3.CORRUPT] errors.
 func Create(name string, reader ioutil.SizeReaderAt) {
 	readerMtx.Lock()
+	defer readerMtx.Unlock()
 	readerDBs[name] = reader
-	readerMtx.Unlock()
 }

 // Delete deletes a shared memory database.
 func Delete(name string) {
 	readerMtx.Lock()
+	defer readerMtx.Unlock()
 	delete(readerDBs, name)
-	readerMtx.Unlock()
 }
--- a/vfs/readervfs/reader.go
+++ b/vfs/readervfs/reader.go
@@ -3,15 +3,16 @@ package readervfs
 import (
 	"github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3"
 	"github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/util/ioutil"
+	"github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/util/vfsutil"
 	"github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/vfs"
 )

 type readerVFS struct{}

 func (readerVFS) Open(name string, flags vfs.OpenFlag) (vfs.File, vfs.OpenFlag, error) {
-	// Temporary files use the default VFS.
-	if name == "" || flags&vfs.OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE != 0 {
-		return vfs.Find("").Open(name, flags)
+	// Temp journals, as used by the sorter, use SliceFile.
+	if flags&vfs.OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL != 0 {
+		return &vfsutil.SliceFile{}, flags | vfs.OPEN_MEMORY, nil
 	}
 	// Refuse to open all other file types.
 	if flags&vfs.OPEN_MAIN_DB == 0 {
--- a/vfs/registry.go
+++ b/vfs/registry.go
@@ -10,17 +10,13 @@ var (

 // Find returns a VFS given its name.
 // If there is no match, nil is returned.
-// If name is empty or "os", the default VFS is returned.
+// If name is empty, the default VFS is returned.
 //
 // https://sqlite.org/c3ref/vfs_find.html
 func Find(name string) VFS {
 	if name == "" || name == "os" {
 		return vfsOS{}
 	}
-	return find(name)
-}
-
-func find(name string) VFS {
 	vfsRegistryMtx.RLock()
 	defer vfsRegistryMtx.RUnlock()
 	return vfsRegistry[name]
@@ -35,11 +31,11 @@ func Register(name string, vfs VFS) {
 		return
 	}
 	vfsRegistryMtx.Lock()
+	defer vfsRegistryMtx.Unlock()
 	if vfsRegistry == nil {
 		vfsRegistry = map[string]VFS{}
 	}
 	vfsRegistry[name] = vfs
-	vfsRegistryMtx.Unlock()
 }

 // Unregister unregisters a VFS.
@@ -47,6 +43,6 @@ func Register(name string, vfs VFS) {
 // https://sqlite.org/c3ref/vfs_find.html
 func Unregister(name string) {
 	vfsRegistryMtx.Lock()
+	defer vfsRegistryMtx.Unlock()
 	delete(vfsRegistry, name)
-	vfsRegistryMtx.Unlock()
 }
--- a/vfs/shm_copy.go
+++ b/vfs/shm_copy.go
@@ -35,38 +35,44 @@ func (s *vfsShm) shmAcquire(errp *error) {
 	if errp != nil && *errp != nil {
 		return
 	}
-	if len(s.ptrs) == 0 || shmEqual(s.shadow[0][:], s.shared[0][:]) {
+	if len(s.ptrs) == 0 {
 		return
 	}
-	// Copies modified words from shared to private memory.
-	for id, p := range s.ptrs {
-		shared := shmPage(s.shared[id][:])
-		shadow := shmPage(s.shadow[id][:])
-		privat := shmPage(util.View(s.mod, p, _WALINDEX_PGSZ))
-		for i, shared := range shared {
-			if shadow[i] != shared {
-				shadow[i] = shared
-				privat[i] = shared
-			}
-		}
+	if !shmCopyHeader(
+		util.View(s.mod, s.ptrs[0], _WALINDEX_HDR_SIZE),
+		s.shadow[0][:],
+		s.shared[0][:]) {
+		return
+	}
+
+	skip := _WALINDEX_HDR_SIZE
+	for id := range s.ptrs {
+		shmCopyTables(
+			util.View(s.mod, s.ptrs[id], _WALINDEX_PGSZ)[skip:],
+			s.shadow[id][skip:],
+			s.shared[id][skip:])
+		skip = 0
 	}
 }

 func (s *vfsShm) shmRelease() {
-	if len(s.ptrs) == 0 || shmEqual(s.shadow[0][:], util.View(s.mod, s.ptrs[0], _WALINDEX_HDR_SIZE)) {
+	if len(s.ptrs) == 0 {
 		return
 	}
-	// Copies modified words from private to shared memory.
-	for id, p := range s.ptrs {
-		shared := shmPage(s.shared[id][:])
-		shadow := shmPage(s.shadow[id][:])
-		privat := shmPage(util.View(s.mod, p, _WALINDEX_PGSZ))
-		for i, privat := range privat {
-			if shadow[i] != privat {
-				shadow[i] = privat
-				shared[i] = privat
-			}
-		}
+	if !shmCopyHeader(
+		s.shared[0][:],
+		s.shadow[0][:],
+		util.View(s.mod, s.ptrs[0], _WALINDEX_HDR_SIZE)) {
+		return
+	}
+
+	skip := _WALINDEX_HDR_SIZE
+	for id := range s.ptrs {
+		shmCopyTables(
+			s.shared[id][skip:],
+			s.shadow[id][skip:],
+			util.View(s.mod, s.ptrs[id], _WALINDEX_PGSZ)[skip:])
+		skip = 0
 	}
 }

@@ -77,11 +83,40 @@ func (s *vfsShm) shmBarrier() {
 	s.Unlock()
 }

-func shmPage(s []byte) *[_WALINDEX_PGSZ / 4]uint32 {
-	p := (*uint32)(unsafe.Pointer(unsafe.SliceData(s)))
-	return (*[_WALINDEX_PGSZ / 4]uint32)(unsafe.Slice(p, _WALINDEX_PGSZ/4))
+func shmCopyTables(v1, v2, v3 []byte) {
+	if string(v2) != string(v3) {
+		copy(v1, v3)
+		copy(v2, v3)
+	}
 }

-func shmEqual(v1, v2 []byte) bool {
-	return *(*[_WALINDEX_HDR_SIZE]byte)(v1[:]) == *(*[_WALINDEX_HDR_SIZE]byte)(v2[:])
+func shmCopyHeader(s1, s2, s3 []byte) (ret bool) {
+	// First copy of the WAL Index Information.
+	if string(s2[:48]) != string(s3[:48]) {
+		copy(s1, s3[:48])
+		copy(s2, s3[:48])
+		ret = true
+	}
+	// Second copy of the WAL Index Information.
+	if string(s2[48:][:48]) != string(s3[48:][:48]) {
+		copy(s1[48:], s3[48:][:48])
+		copy(s2[48:], s3[48:][:48])
+		ret = true
+	}
+	// Checkpoint Information and Locks.
+	i1 := shmCheckpointInfo(s1)
+	i2 := shmCheckpointInfo(s2)
+	for i, i3 := range shmCheckpointInfo(s3) {
+		if i2[i] != i3 {
+			i1[i] = i3
+			i2[i] = i3
+			ret = true
+		}
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+func shmCheckpointInfo(s []byte) *[10]uint32 {
+	p := (*uint32)(unsafe.Pointer(&s[96]))
+	return (*[10]uint32)(unsafe.Slice(p, 10))
 }
--- a/vfs/tests/mptest/wasm/mptest.wasm
+++ b/vfs/tests/mptest/wasm/mptest.wasm
--- a/vfs/tests/speedtest1/wasm/speedtest1.wasm
+++ b/vfs/tests/speedtest1/wasm/speedtest1.wasm
--- a/vfs/vfs.go
+++ b/vfs/vfs.go
@@ -50,7 +50,8 @@ func ExportHostFunctions(env wazero.HostModuleBuilder) wazero.HostModuleBuilder
 }

 func vfsFind(ctx context.Context, mod api.Module, zVfsName ptr_t) uint32 {
-	if find(util.ReadString(mod, zVfsName, _MAX_NAME)) != nil {
+	name := util.ReadString(mod, zVfsName, _MAX_NAME)
+	if vfs := Find(name); vfs != nil && vfs != (vfsOS{}) {
 		return 1
 	}
 	return 0
@@ -328,9 +329,9 @@ func vfsFileControlImpl(ctx context.Context, mod api.Module, file File, op _Fcnt

 	case _FCNTL_PRAGMA:
 		if file, ok := file.(FilePragma); ok {
-			var value string
 			ptr := util.Read32[ptr_t](mod, pArg+1*ptrlen)
 			name := util.ReadString(mod, ptr, _MAX_SQL_LENGTH)
+			var value string
 			if ptr := util.Read32[ptr_t](mod, pArg+2*ptrlen); ptr != 0 {
 				value = util.ReadString(mod, ptr, _MAX_SQL_LENGTH)
 			}