Tests.

Use sqlite-createtable-parser compiled to Wasm to parse the CREATE TABLE statement.

.github/workflows/repro.sh

@@ -18,6 +18,13 @@ mkdir -p tools/
 [ -d "tools/binaryen-version"* ] || curl -#L "$BINARYEN" | tar xzC tools &
 wait
 
-sqlite3/download.sh   # Download SQLite
-embed/build.sh        # Build Wasm
-git diff --exit-code  # Check diffs
+# Download and build SQLite
+sqlite3/download.sh
+embed/build.sh
+
+# Download and build sqlite-createtable-parser
+util/vtabutil/parse/download.sh
+util/vtabutil/parse/build.sh
+
+# Check diffs
+git diff --exit-code 

.github/workflows/repro.yml

@@ -3,6 +3,11 @@ name: Reproducible build
 on:
   workflow_dispatch:
 
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+  id-token: write
+  attestations: write
+
 jobs:
   build:
     strategy:
@@ -17,3 +22,10 @@ jobs:
 
     - name: Build
       run: .github/workflows/repro.sh
+
+    - uses: actions/attest-build-provenance@v1
+      if: matrix.os == 'ubuntu-latest'
+      with:
+        subject-path: |
+          embed/sqlite3.wasm
+          util/vtabutil/parse/sql3parse_table.wasm

README.md

@@ -33,6 +33,8 @@ Go, wazero and [`x/sys`](https://pkg.go.dev/golang.org/x/sys) are the _only_ run
   provides the [`array`](https://sqlite.org/carray.html) table-valued function.
 - [`github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/ext/blobio`](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/ext/blobio)
   simplifies [incremental BLOB I/O](https://sqlite.org/c3ref/blob_open.html).
+- [`github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/ext/bloom`](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/ext/bloom)
+  provides a [Bloom filter](https://github.com/nalgeon/sqlean/issues/27#issuecomment-1002267134) virtual table.
 - [`github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/ext/csv`](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/ext/csv)
   reads [comma-separated values](https://sqlite.org/csv.html).
 - [`github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/ext/fileio`](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/ext/fileio)
@@ -51,12 +53,12 @@ Go, wazero and [`x/sys`](https://pkg.go.dev/golang.org/x/sys) are the _only_ run
   provides [Unicode aware](https://sqlite.org/src/dir/ext/icu) functions.
 - [`github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/ext/zorder`](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/ext/zorder)
   maps multidimensional data to one dimension.
+- [`github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/vfs/adiantum`](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/vfs/adiantum)
+  wraps a VFS to offer encryption at rest.
 - [`github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/vfs/memdb`](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/vfs/memdb)
   implements an in-memory VFS.
 - [`github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/vfs/readervfs`](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/vfs/readervfs)
   implements a VFS for immutable databases.
-- [`github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/vfs/adiantum`](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/vfs/adiantum)
-  wraps a VFS to offer encryption at rest.
 
 ### Advanced features
 

driver/driver.go

@@ -229,6 +229,7 @@ func (c *conn) Raw() *sqlite3.Conn {
 	return c.Conn
 }
 
+// Deprecated: use BeginTx instead.
 func (c *conn) Begin() (driver.Tx, error) {
 	return c.BeginTx(context.Background(), driver.TxOptions{})
 }
@@ -301,7 +302,7 @@ func (c *conn) PrepareContext(ctx context.Context, query string) (driver.Stmt, e
 		s.Close()
 		return nil, util.TailErr
 	}
-	return &stmt{Stmt: s, tmRead: c.tmRead, tmWrite: c.tmWrite}, nil
+	return &stmt{Stmt: s, tmRead: c.tmRead, tmWrite: c.tmWrite, inputs: -2}, nil
 }
 
 func (c *conn) ExecContext(ctx context.Context, query string, args []driver.NamedValue) (driver.Result, error) {
@@ -335,6 +336,7 @@ type stmt struct {
 	*sqlite3.Stmt
 	tmWrite sqlite3.TimeFormat
 	tmRead  sqlite3.TimeFormat
+	inputs  int
 }
 
 var (
@@ -345,12 +347,17 @@ var (
 )
 
 func (s *stmt) NumInput() int {
+	if s.inputs >= -1 {
+		return s.inputs
+	}
 	n := s.Stmt.BindCount()
 	for i := 1; i <= n; i++ {
 		if s.Stmt.BindName(i) != "" {
+			s.inputs = -1
 			return -1
 		}
 	}
+	s.inputs = n
 	return n
 }
 
@@ -389,12 +396,7 @@ func (s *stmt) QueryContext(ctx context.Context, args []driver.NamedValue) (driv
 	return &rows{ctx: ctx, stmt: s}, nil
 }
 
-func (s *stmt) setupBindings(args []driver.NamedValue) error {
-	err := s.Stmt.ClearBindings()
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
+func (s *stmt) setupBindings(args []driver.NamedValue) (err error) {
 	var ids [3]int
 	for _, arg := range args {
 		ids := ids[:0]
@@ -558,19 +560,20 @@ func (r *rows) Next(dest []driver.Value) error {
 	return err
 }
 
-func (r *rows) decodeTime(i int, v any) (_ time.Time, _ bool) {
+func (r *rows) decodeTime(i int, v any) (_ time.Time, ok bool) {
 	if r.tmRead == sqlite3.TimeFormatDefault {
-		return
-	}
-	switch r.declType(i) {
-	case "DATE", "TIME", "DATETIME", "TIMESTAMP":
-		// maybe
-	default:
+		// handled by maybeTime
 		return
 	}
 	switch v.(type) {
 	case int64, float64, string:
-		// maybe
+		// could be a time value
+	default:
+		return
+	}
+	switch r.declType(i) {
+	case "DATE", "TIME", "DATETIME", "TIMESTAMP":
+		// could be a time value
 	default:
 		return
 	}

embed/README.md

@@ -24,4 +24,7 @@ See the [configuration options](../sqlite3/sqlite_cfg.h),
 and [patches](../sqlite3) applied.
 
 Built using [`wasi-sdk`](https://github.com/WebAssembly/wasi-sdk),
-and [`binaryen`](https://github.com/WebAssembly/binaryen).
+and [`binaryen`](https://github.com/WebAssembly/binaryen).
+
+The build is easily reproducible, and verifiable, using
+[Artifact Attestations](https://github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/attestations).

ext/array/array.go

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ import (
 // ints, floats, bools, strings or byte slices,
 // using [sqlite3.BindPointer] or [sqlite3.Pointer].
 func Register(db *sqlite3.Conn) {
-	sqlite3.CreateModule[array](db, "array", nil,
+	sqlite3.CreateModule(db, "array", nil,
 		func(db *sqlite3.Conn, _, _, _ string, _ ...string) (array, error) {
 			err := db.DeclareVTab(`CREATE TABLE x(value, array HIDDEN)`)
 			return array{}, err

ext/bloom/bloom.go

@@ -0,0 +1,340 @@
+// Package bloom provides a Bloom filter virtual table.
+//
+// A Bloom filter is a space-efficient probabilistic data structure
+// used to test whether an element is a member of a set.
+//
+// https://github.com/nalgeon/sqlean/issues/27#issuecomment-1002267134
+package bloom
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"math"
+	"strconv"
+
+	"github.com/dchest/siphash"
+	"github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3"
+)
+
+// Register registers the bloom_filter virtual table:
+//
+//	CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE foo USING bloom_filter(nElements, falseProb, kHashes)
+func Register(db *sqlite3.Conn) {
+	sqlite3.CreateModule(db, "bloom_filter", create, connect)
+}
+
+type bloom struct {
+	db      *sqlite3.Conn
+	schema  string
+	storage string
+	prob    float64
+	bytes   int64
+	hashes  int
+}
+
+func create(db *sqlite3.Conn, _, schema, table string, arg ...string) (_ *bloom, err error) {
+	t := bloom{
+		db:      db,
+		schema:  schema,
+		storage: table + "_storage",
+	}
+
+	var nelem int64
+	if len(arg) > 0 {
+		nelem, err = strconv.ParseInt(arg[0], 10, 64)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		if nelem <= 0 {
+			return nil, errors.New("bloom: number of elements in filter must be positive")
+		}
+	} else {
+		nelem = 100
+	}
+
+	if len(arg) > 1 {
+		t.prob, err = strconv.ParseFloat(arg[1], 64)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		if t.prob <= 0 || t.prob >= 1 {
+			return nil, errors.New("bloom: probability must be in the range (0,1)")
+		}
+	} else {
+		t.prob = 0.01
+	}
+
+	if len(arg) > 2 {
+		t.hashes, err = strconv.Atoi(arg[2])
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		if t.hashes <= 0 {
+			return nil, errors.New("bloom: number of hash functions must be positive")
+		}
+	} else {
+		t.hashes = max(1, numHashes(t.prob))
+	}
+
+	t.bytes = numBytes(nelem, t.prob)
+
+	err = db.Exec(fmt.Sprintf(
+		`CREATE TABLE %s.%s (data BLOB, p REAL, n INTEGER, m INTEGER, k INTEGER)`,
+		sqlite3.QuoteIdentifier(t.schema), sqlite3.QuoteIdentifier(t.storage)))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	id := db.LastInsertRowID()
+	defer db.SetLastInsertRowID(id)
+
+	err = db.Exec(fmt.Sprintf(
+		`INSERT INTO %s.%s (rowid, data, p, n, m, k)
+		 VALUES (1, zeroblob(%d), %f, %d, %d, %d)`,
+		sqlite3.QuoteIdentifier(t.schema), sqlite3.QuoteIdentifier(t.storage),
+		t.bytes, t.prob, nelem, 8*t.bytes, t.hashes))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	err = db.DeclareVTab(
+		`CREATE TABLE x(present, word HIDDEN NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY) WITHOUT ROWID`)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Destroy()
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return &t, nil
+}
+
+func connect(db *sqlite3.Conn, _, schema, table string, arg ...string) (_ *bloom, err error) {
+	t := bloom{
+		db:      db,
+		schema:  schema,
+		storage: table + "_storage",
+	}
+
+	err = db.DeclareVTab(
+		`CREATE TABLE x(present, word HIDDEN NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY) WITHOUT ROWID`)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	load, _, err := db.Prepare(fmt.Sprintf(
+		`SELECT m/8, p, k FROM %s.%s WHERE rowid = 1`,
+		sqlite3.QuoteIdentifier(t.schema), sqlite3.QuoteIdentifier(t.storage)))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	defer load.Close()
+
+	if !load.Step() {
+		if err = load.Err(); err == nil {
+			err = sqlite3.CORRUPT_VTAB
+		}
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	t.bytes = load.ColumnInt64(0)
+	t.prob = load.ColumnFloat(1)
+	t.hashes = load.ColumnInt(2)
+	return &t, nil
+}
+
+func (b *bloom) Destroy() error {
+	return b.db.Exec(fmt.Sprintf(`DROP TABLE %s.%s`,
+		sqlite3.QuoteIdentifier(b.schema),
+		sqlite3.QuoteIdentifier(b.storage)))
+}
+
+func (b *bloom) Rename(new string) error {
+	new += "_storage"
+	err := b.db.Exec(fmt.Sprintf(`ALTER TABLE %s.%s RENAME TO %s`,
+		sqlite3.QuoteIdentifier(b.schema),
+		sqlite3.QuoteIdentifier(b.storage),
+		sqlite3.QuoteIdentifier(new),
+	))
+	if err == nil {
+		b.storage = new
+	}
+	return err
+}
+
+func (t *bloom) ShadowTables() {}
+
+func (t *bloom) Integrity(schema, table string, flags int) error {
+	load, _, err := t.db.Prepare(fmt.Sprintf(
+		`SELECT typeof(data), length(data), p, n, m, k FROM %s.%s WHERE rowid = 1`,
+		sqlite3.QuoteIdentifier(t.schema), sqlite3.QuoteIdentifier(t.storage)))
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("bloom: %v", err) // can't wrap!
+	}
+	defer load.Close()
+
+	err = errors.New("bloom: invalid parameters")
+	if !load.Step() {
+		return err
+	}
+	if t := load.ColumnText(0); t != "blob" {
+		return err
+	}
+	if m := load.ColumnInt64(4); m <= 0 || m%8 != 0 {
+		return err
+	} else if load.ColumnInt64(1) != m/8 {
+		return err
+	}
+	if p := load.ColumnFloat(2); p <= 0 || p >= 1 {
+		return err
+	}
+	if n := load.ColumnInt64(3); n <= 0 {
+		return err
+	}
+	if k := load.ColumnInt(5); k <= 0 {
+		return err
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (b *bloom) BestIndex(idx *sqlite3.IndexInfo) error {
+	for n, cst := range idx.Constraint {
+		if cst.Usable && cst.Column == 1 &&
+			cst.Op == sqlite3.INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ {
+			idx.ConstraintUsage[n].ArgvIndex = 1
+			idx.OrderByConsumed = true
+			idx.EstimatedRows = 1
+			idx.EstimatedCost = float64(b.hashes)
+			idx.IdxFlags = sqlite3.INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE
+			return nil
+		}
+	}
+	return sqlite3.CONSTRAINT
+}
+
+func (b *bloom) Update(arg ...sqlite3.Value) (rowid int64, err error) {
+	if arg[0].Type() != sqlite3.NULL {
+		if len(arg) == 1 {
+			return 0, errors.New("bloom: elements cannot be deleted")
+		}
+		return 0, errors.New("bloom: elements cannot be updated")
+	}
+
+	blob := arg[2].RawBlob()
+
+	f, err := b.db.OpenBlob(b.schema, b.storage, "data", 1, true)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	defer f.Close()
+
+	for n := 0; n < b.hashes; n++ {
+		hash := calcHash(n, blob)
+		hash %= uint64(b.bytes * 8)
+		bitpos := byte(hash % 8)
+		bytepos := int64(hash / 8)
+
+		var buf [1]byte
+		_, err = f.Seek(bytepos, io.SeekStart)
+		if err != nil {
+			return 0, err
+		}
+		_, err = f.Read(buf[:])
+		if err != nil {
+			return 0, err
+		}
+
+		buf[0] |= 1 << bitpos
+
+		_, err = f.Seek(bytepos, io.SeekStart)
+		if err != nil {
+			return 0, err
+		}
+		_, err = f.Write(buf[:])
+		if err != nil {
+			return 0, err
+		}
+	}
+	return 0, nil
+}
+
+func (b *bloom) Open() (sqlite3.VTabCursor, error) {
+	return &cursor{bloom: b}, nil
+}
+
+type cursor struct {
+	*bloom
+	eof bool
+	arg *sqlite3.Value
+}
+
+func (c *cursor) Filter(idxNum int, idxStr string, arg ...sqlite3.Value) error {
+	if len(arg) != 1 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	c.eof = false
+	c.arg = &arg[0]
+	blob := arg[0].RawBlob()
+
+	f, err := c.db.OpenBlob(c.schema, c.storage, "data", 1, false)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer f.Close()
+
+	for n := 0; n < c.hashes && !c.eof; n++ {
+		hash := calcHash(n, blob)
+		hash %= uint64(c.bytes * 8)
+		bitpos := byte(hash % 8)
+		bytepos := int64(hash / 8)
+
+		var buf [1]byte
+		_, err = f.Seek(bytepos, io.SeekStart)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		_, err = f.Read(buf[:])
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		c.eof = buf[0]&(1<<bitpos) == 0
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (c *cursor) Column(ctx *sqlite3.Context, n int) error {
+	switch n {
+	case 0:
+		ctx.ResultBool(true)
+	case 1:
+		ctx.ResultValue(*c.arg)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (c *cursor) Next() error {
+	c.eof = true
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (c *cursor) EOF() bool {
+	return c.eof
+}
+
+func (c *cursor) RowID() (int64, error) {
+	return 0, nil
+}
+
+func calcHash(k int, b []byte) uint64 {
+	return siphash.Hash(^uint64(k), uint64(k), b)
+}
+
+func numHashes(p float64) int {
+	k := math.Round(-math.Log2(p))
+	return max(1, int(k))
+}
+
+func numBytes(n int64, p float64) int64 {
+	m := math.Ceil(float64(n) * math.Log(p) / -(math.Ln2 * math.Ln2))
+	return (int64(m) + 7) / 8
+}

ext/bloom/bloom_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+package bloom_test
+
+import (
+	_ "embed"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3"
+	_ "github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/embed"
+	"github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/ext/bloom"
+	_ "github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/internal/testcfg"
+)
+
+func TestRegister(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	db, err := sqlite3.Open(":memory:")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer db.Close()
+
+	bloom.Register(db)
+
+	err = db.Exec(`
+		CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE sports_cars USING bloom_filter(20);
+		INSERT INTO sports_cars VALUES ('ferrari'), ('lamborghini'), ('alfa romeo')
+	`)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	query, _, err := db.Prepare(`SELECT COUNT(*) FROM sports_cars(?)`)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	err = query.BindText(1, "ferrari")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if !query.Step() {
+		t.Error("no rows")
+	}
+	if !query.ColumnBool(0) {
+		t.Error("want true")
+	}
+	err = query.Reset()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	err = query.BindText(1, "bmw")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if !query.Step() {
+		t.Error("no rows")
+	}
+	if query.ColumnBool(0) {
+		t.Error("want false")
+	}
+	err = query.Close()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	err = db.Exec(`DROP TABLE sports_cars`)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+}
+
+//go:embed testdata/bloom.db
+var testDB []byte
+
+func Test_compatible(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	tmp := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "bloom.db")
+	err := os.WriteFile(tmp, testDB, 0666)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	db, err := sqlite3.Open("file:" + filepath.ToSlash(tmp) + "?nolock=1")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer db.Close()
+
+	bloom.Register(db)
+
+	query, _, err := db.Prepare(`SELECT COUNT(*) FROM plants(?)`)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer query.Close()
+
+	err = query.BindText(1, "apple")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if !query.Step() {
+		t.Error("no rows")
+	}
+	if !query.ColumnBool(0) {
+		t.Error("want true")
+	}
+	err = query.Reset()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	err = query.BindText(1, "lemon")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if !query.Step() {
+		t.Error("no rows")
+	}
+	if query.ColumnBool(0) {
+		t.Error("want false")
+	}
+	err = query.Reset()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	err = db.Exec(`PRAGMA integrity_check`)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Error(err)
+	}
+
+	err = db.Exec(`PRAGMA quick_check`)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Error(err)
+	}
+}

ext/csv/arg_test.go

@@ -40,6 +40,8 @@ func Test_uintArg(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func Test_boolArg(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
 	tests := []struct {
 		arg string
 		key string
@@ -76,6 +78,8 @@ func Test_boolArg(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func Test_runeArg(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
 	tests := []struct {
 		arg string
 		key string

ext/csv/csv.go

@@ -9,9 +9,11 @@ package csv
 import (
 	"bufio"
 	"encoding/csv"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"io/fs"
+	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3"
@@ -36,6 +38,7 @@ func RegisterFS(db *sqlite3.Conn, fsys fs.FS) {
 			header   bool
 			columns  int  = -1
 			comma    rune = ','
+			comment  rune
 
 			done = map[string]struct{}{}
 		)
@@ -58,6 +61,8 @@ func RegisterFS(db *sqlite3.Conn, fsys fs.FS) {
 				columns, err = uintArg(key, val)
 			case "comma":
 				comma, err = runeArg(key, val)
+			case "comment":
+				comment, err = runeArg(key, val)
 			default:
 				return nil, fmt.Errorf("csv: unknown %q parameter", key)
 			}
@@ -68,15 +73,16 @@ func RegisterFS(db *sqlite3.Conn, fsys fs.FS) {
 		}
 
 		if (filename == "") == (data == "") {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf(`csv: must specify either "filename" or "data" but not both`)
+			return nil, errors.New(`csv: must specify either "filename" or "data" but not both`)
 		}
 
 		table := &table{
-			fsys:   fsys,
-			name:   filename,
-			data:   data,
-			comma:  comma,
-			header: header,
+			fsys:    fsys,
+			name:    filename,
+			data:    data,
+			comma:   comma,
+			comment: comment,
+			header:  header,
 		}
 
 		if schema == "" {
@@ -93,6 +99,12 @@ func RegisterFS(db *sqlite3.Conn, fsys fs.FS) {
 				}
 			}
 			schema = getSchema(header, columns, row)
+		} else {
+			defer func() {
+				if err == nil {
+					table.typs, err = getColumnAffinities(schema)
+				}
+			}()
 		}
 
 		err = db.DeclareVTab(schema)
@@ -110,11 +122,13 @@ func RegisterFS(db *sqlite3.Conn, fsys fs.FS) {
 }
 
 type table struct {
-	fsys   fs.FS
-	name   string
-	data   string
-	comma  rune
-	header bool
+	fsys    fs.FS
+	name    string
+	data    string
+	typs    []affinity
+	comma   rune
+	comment rune
+	header  bool
 }
 
 func (t *table) BestIndex(idx *sqlite3.IndexInfo) error {
@@ -171,6 +185,7 @@ func (t *table) newReader() (*csv.Reader, io.Closer, error) {
 	csv := csv.NewReader(r)
 	csv.ReuseRecord = true
 	csv.Comma = t.comma
+	csv.Comment = t.comment
 	return csv, c, nil
 }
 
@@ -226,7 +241,36 @@ func (c *cursor) RowID() (int64, error) {
 
 func (c *cursor) Column(ctx *sqlite3.Context, col int) error {
 	if col < len(c.row) {
-		ctx.ResultText(c.row[col])
+		typ := text
+		if col < len(c.table.typs) {
+			typ = c.table.typs[col]
+		}
+
+		txt := c.row[col]
+		if txt == "" && typ != text {
+			return nil
+		}
+
+		switch typ {
+		case numeric, integer:
+			if strings.TrimLeft(txt, "+-0123456789") == "" {
+				if i, err := strconv.ParseInt(txt, 10, 64); err == nil {
+					ctx.ResultInt64(i)
+					return nil
+				}
+			}
+			fallthrough
+		case real:
+			if strings.TrimLeft(txt, "+-.0123456789Ee") == "" {
+				if f, err := strconv.ParseFloat(txt, 64); err == nil {
+					ctx.ResultFloat(f)
+					return nil
+				}
+			}
+			fallthrough
+		default:
+		}
+		ctx.ResultText(txt)
 	}
 	return nil
 }

ext/csv/csv_test.go

@@ -63,14 +63,16 @@ func TestRegister(t *testing.T) {
 	csv.Register(db)
 
 	const data = `
+# Comment
 "Rob"	"Pike"	rob
 "Ken"	Thompson	ken
 Robert	"Griesemer"	"gri"`
 	err = db.Exec(`
 		CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE temp.users USING csv(
-			data   = ` + sqlite3.Quote(data) + `,
-			schema = 'CREATE TABLE x(first_name, last_name, username)',
-			comma  = '\t'
+			data    = ` + sqlite3.Quote(data) + `,
+			schema  = 'CREATE TABLE x(first_name, last_name, username)',
+			comma   = '\t',
+			comment = '#'
 		)`)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
@@ -113,6 +115,50 @@ Robert	"Griesemer"	"gri"`
 	}
 }
 
+func TestAffinity(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	db, err := sqlite3.Open(":memory:")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer db.Close()
+
+	csv.Register(db)
+
+	const data = "01\n0.10\ne"
+	err = db.Exec(`
+		CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE temp.nums USING csv(
+			data   = ` + sqlite3.Quote(data) + `,
+			schema = 'CREATE TABLE x(a numeric)'
+		)`)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	stmt, _, err := db.Prepare(`SELECT * FROM temp.nums`)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer stmt.Close()
+
+	if stmt.Step() {
+		if got := stmt.ColumnText(0); got != "1" {
+			t.Errorf("got %q want 1", got)
+		}
+	}
+	if stmt.Step() {
+		if got := stmt.ColumnText(0); got != "0.1" {
+			t.Errorf("got %q want 0.1", got)
+		}
+	}
+	if stmt.Step() {
+		if got := stmt.ColumnText(0); got != "e" {
+			t.Errorf("got %q want e", got)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 func TestRegister_errors(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 

ext/csv/types.go

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+package csv
+
+import (
+	_ "embed"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/util/vtabutil"
+)
+
+type affinity byte
+
+const (
+	blob    affinity = 0
+	text    affinity = 1
+	numeric affinity = 2
+	integer affinity = 3
+	real    affinity = 4
+)
+
+func getColumnAffinities(schema string) ([]affinity, error) {
+	tab, err := vtabutil.Parse(schema)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	defer tab.Close()
+
+	types := make([]affinity, tab.NumColumns())
+	for i := range types {
+		col := tab.Column(i)
+		types[i] = getAffinity(col.Type())
+	}
+	return types, nil
+}
+
+func getAffinity(declType string) affinity {
+	// https://sqlite.org/datatype3.html#determination_of_column_affinity
+	if declType == "" {
+		return blob
+	}
+	name := strings.ToUpper(declType)
+	if strings.Contains(name, "INT") {
+		return integer
+	}
+	if strings.Contains(name, "CHAR") || strings.Contains(name, "CLOB") || strings.Contains(name, "TEXT") {
+		return text
+	}
+	if strings.Contains(name, "BLOB") {
+		return blob
+	}
+	if strings.Contains(name, "REAL") || strings.Contains(name, "FLOA") || strings.Contains(name, "DOUB") {
+		return real
+	}
+	return numeric
+}

ext/csv/types_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+package csv
+
+import (
+	_ "embed"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func Test_getAffinity(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		decl string
+		want affinity
+	}{
+		{"", blob},
+		{"INTEGER", integer},
+		{"TINYINT", integer},
+		{"TEXT", text},
+		{"CHAR", text},
+		{"CLOB", text},
+		{"BLOB", blob},
+		{"REAL", real},
+		{"FLOAT", real},
+		{"DOUBLE", real},
+		{"NUMERIC", numeric},
+		{"DECIMAL", numeric},
+		{"BOOLEAN", numeric},
+		{"DATETIME", numeric},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.decl, func(t *testing.T) {
+			if got := getAffinity(tt.decl); got != tt.want {
+				t.Errorf("getAffinity() = %v, want %v", got, tt.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

ext/lines/lines.go

@@ -34,13 +34,13 @@ func Register(db *sqlite3.Conn) {
 // The lines_read function reads from a file or an [io.Reader].
 // If a filename is specified, fsys is used to open the file.
 func RegisterFS(db *sqlite3.Conn, fsys fs.FS) {
-	sqlite3.CreateModule[lines](db, "lines", nil,
+	sqlite3.CreateModule(db, "lines", nil,
 		func(db *sqlite3.Conn, _, _, _ string, _ ...string) (lines, error) {
 			err := db.DeclareVTab(`CREATE TABLE x(line TEXT, data HIDDEN)`)
 			db.VTabConfig(sqlite3.VTAB_INNOCUOUS)
 			return lines{}, err
 		})
-	sqlite3.CreateModule[lines](db, "lines_read", nil,
+	sqlite3.CreateModule(db, "lines_read", nil,
 		func(db *sqlite3.Conn, _, _, _ string, _ ...string) (lines, error) {
 			err := db.DeclareVTab(`CREATE TABLE x(line TEXT, data HIDDEN)`)
 			db.VTabConfig(sqlite3.VTAB_DIRECTONLY)

ext/pivot/pivot.go

@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ func declare(db *sqlite3.Conn, _, _, _ string, arg ...string) (_ *table, err err
 	}
 
 	if stmt.ColumnCount() != 2 {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("pivot: column definition query expects 2 result columns")
+		return nil, errors.New("pivot: column definition query expects 2 result columns")
 	}
 	for stmt.Step() {
 		name := sqlite3.QuoteIdentifier(stmt.ColumnText(1))
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ func declare(db *sqlite3.Conn, _, _, _ string, arg ...string) (_ *table, err err
 	}
 
 	if stmt.ColumnCount() != 1 {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("pivot: cell query expects 1 result columns")
+		return nil, errors.New("pivot: cell query expects 1 result columns")
 	}
 	if stmt.BindCount() != len(table.keys)+1 {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("pivot: cell query expects %d bound parameters", len(table.keys)+1)

ext/statement/stmt.go

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ package statement
 
 import (
 	"encoding/json"
-	"fmt"
+	"errors"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"unsafe"
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ type table struct {
 
 func declare(db *sqlite3.Conn, _, _, _ string, arg ...string) (*table, error) {
 	if len(arg) != 1 {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("statement: wrong number of arguments")
+		return nil, errors.New("statement: wrong number of arguments")
 	}
 
 	sql := "SELECT * FROM\n" + arg[0]

go.mod

@@ -3,9 +3,11 @@ module github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3
 go 1.21
 
 require (
+	github.com/dchest/siphash v1.2.3
 	github.com/ncruces/julianday v1.0.0
+	github.com/ncruces/sort v0.1.2
 	github.com/psanford/httpreadat v0.1.0
-	github.com/tetratelabs/wazero v1.7.2
+	github.com/tetratelabs/wazero v1.7.3
 	golang.org/x/crypto v0.24.0
 	golang.org/x/sync v0.7.0
 	golang.org/x/sys v0.21.0
@@ -13,6 +15,4 @@ require (
 	lukechampine.com/adiantum v1.1.1
 )
 
-require github.com/ncruces/sort v0.1.2
-
 retract v0.4.0 // tagged from the wrong branch

go.sum

@@ -1,11 +1,13 @@
+github.com/dchest/siphash v1.2.3 h1:QXwFc8cFOR2dSa/gE6o/HokBMWtLUaNDVd+22aKHeEA=
+github.com/dchest/siphash v1.2.3/go.mod h1:0NvQU092bT0ipiFN++/rXm69QG9tVxLAlQHIXMPAkHc=
 github.com/ncruces/julianday v1.0.0 h1:fH0OKwa7NWvniGQtxdJRxAgkBMolni2BjDHaWTxqt7M=
 github.com/ncruces/julianday v1.0.0/go.mod h1:Dusn2KvZrrovOMJuOt0TNXL6tB7U2E8kvza5fFc9G7g=
 github.com/ncruces/sort v0.1.2 h1:zKQ9CA4fpHPF6xsUhRTfi5EEryspuBpe/QA4VWQOV1U=
 github.com/ncruces/sort v0.1.2/go.mod h1:vEJUTBJtebIuCMmXD18GKo5GJGhsay+xZFOoBEIXFmE=
 github.com/psanford/httpreadat v0.1.0 h1:VleW1HS2zO7/4c7c7zNl33fO6oYACSagjJIyMIwZLUE=
 github.com/psanford/httpreadat v0.1.0/go.mod h1:Zg7P+TlBm3bYbyHTKv/EdtSJZn3qwbPwpfZ/I9GKCRE=
-github.com/tetratelabs/wazero v1.7.2 h1:1+z5nXJNwMLPAWaTePFi49SSTL0IMx/i3Fg8Yc25GDc=
-github.com/tetratelabs/wazero v1.7.2/go.mod h1:ytl6Zuh20R/eROuyDaGPkp82O9C/DJfXAwJfQ3X6/7Y=
+github.com/tetratelabs/wazero v1.7.3 h1:PBH5KVahrt3S2AHgEjKu4u+LlDbbk+nsGE3KLucy6Rw=
+github.com/tetratelabs/wazero v1.7.3/go.mod h1:ytl6Zuh20R/eROuyDaGPkp82O9C/DJfXAwJfQ3X6/7Y=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.24.0 h1:mnl8DM0o513X8fdIkmyFE/5hTYxbwYOjDS/+rK6qpRI=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.24.0/go.mod h1:Z1PMYSOR5nyMcyAVAIQSKCDwalqy85Aqn1x3Ws4L5DM=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.7.0 h1:YsImfSBoP9QPYL0xyKJPq0gcaJdG3rInoqxTWbfQu9M=

gormlite/download.sh

@@ -3,9 +3,11 @@ set -euo pipefail
 
 cd -P -- "$(dirname -- "$0")"
 
-curl -#OL "https://github.com/go-gorm/sqlite/raw/v1.5.5/ddlmod.go"
-curl -#OL "https://github.com/go-gorm/sqlite/raw/v1.5.5/ddlmod_test.go"
-curl -#OL "https://github.com/go-gorm/sqlite/raw/v1.5.5/error_translator.go"
-curl -#OL "https://github.com/go-gorm/sqlite/raw/v1.5.5/migrator.go"
-curl -#OL "https://github.com/go-gorm/sqlite/raw/v1.5.5/sqlite.go"
-curl -#OL "https://github.com/go-gorm/sqlite/raw/v1.5.5/sqlite_test.go"
+curl -#OL "https://github.com/go-gorm/sqlite/raw/v1.5.6/ddlmod.go"
+curl -#OL "https://github.com/go-gorm/sqlite/raw/v1.5.6/ddlmod_test.go"
+curl -#OL "https://github.com/go-gorm/sqlite/raw/v1.5.6/error_translator.go"
+curl -#OL "https://github.com/go-gorm/sqlite/raw/v1.5.6/migrator.go"
+curl -#OL "https://github.com/go-gorm/sqlite/raw/v1.5.6/sqlite.go"
+curl -#OL "https://github.com/go-gorm/sqlite/raw/v1.5.6/sqlite_test.go"
+curl -#OL "https://github.com/go-gorm/sqlite/raw/v1.5.6/sqlite_test.go"
+curl -#L "https://github.com/glebarez/sqlite/raw/v1.11.0/sqlite_error_translator_test.go" > error_translator_test.go

gormlite/error_translator_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+package gormlite
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"gorm.io/gorm"
+	"gorm.io/gorm/logger"
+)
+
+func TestErrorTranslator(t *testing.T) {
+	// This is the DSN of the in-memory SQLite database for these tests.
+	const InMemoryDSN = "file:testdatabase?mode=memory&cache=shared"
+
+	// This is the example object for testing the unique constraint error
+	type Article struct {
+		ArticleNumber string `gorm:"unique"`
+	}
+
+	db, err := gorm.Open(Open(InMemoryDSN), &gorm.Config{
+		Logger:         logger.Default.LogMode(logger.Silent),
+		TranslateError: true})
+
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("Expected Open to succeed; got error: %v", err)
+	}
+	if db == nil {
+		t.Errorf("Expected db to be non-nil.")
+	}
+
+	err = db.AutoMigrate(&Article{})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("Expected to migrate database models to succeed: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	err = db.Create(&Article{ArticleNumber: "A00000XX"}).Error
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("Expected first create to succeed: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	err = db.Create(&Article{ArticleNumber: "A00000XX"}).Error
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Errorf("Expected second create to fail.")
+	}
+
+	if err != gorm.ErrDuplicatedKey {
+		t.Errorf("Expected error from second create to be gorm.ErrDuplicatedKey: %v", err)
+	}
+}

gormlite/go.mod

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ module github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/gormlite
 go 1.21
 
 require (
-	github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3 v0.16.1
+	github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3 v0.16.3
 	gorm.io/gorm v1.25.10
 )
 
@@ -11,6 +11,6 @@ require (
 	github.com/jinzhu/inflection v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/jinzhu/now v1.1.5 // indirect
 	github.com/ncruces/julianday v1.0.0 // indirect
-	github.com/tetratelabs/wazero v1.7.2 // indirect
+	github.com/tetratelabs/wazero v1.7.3 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/sys v0.21.0 // indirect
 )

gormlite/go.sum

@@ -2,12 +2,12 @@ github.com/jinzhu/inflection v1.0.0 h1:K317FqzuhWc8YvSVlFMCCUb36O/S9MCKRDI7QkRKD
 github.com/jinzhu/inflection v1.0.0/go.mod h1:h+uFLlag+Qp1Va5pdKtLDYj+kHp5pxUVkryuEj+Srlc=
 github.com/jinzhu/now v1.1.5 h1:/o9tlHleP7gOFmsnYNz3RGnqzefHA47wQpKrrdTIwXQ=
 github.com/jinzhu/now v1.1.5/go.mod h1:d3SSVoowX0Lcu0IBviAWJpolVfI5UJVZZ7cO71lE/z8=
-github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3 v0.16.1 h1:1wHv7s8y+fWK44UIliotJ42ZV41A5T0sjIAqGmnMrkc=
-github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3 v0.16.1/go.mod h1:feFXbBcbLtxNk6XWG1ROt8MS9+E45yCW3G8o4ixIqZ8=
+github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3 v0.16.3 h1:Ky0denOdmAGOoCE6lQlw6GCJNMD8gTikNWe8rpu+Gjc=
+github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3 v0.16.3/go.mod h1:sAU/vQwBmZ2hq5BlW/KTzqRFizL43bv2JQoBLgXhcMI=
 github.com/ncruces/julianday v1.0.0 h1:fH0OKwa7NWvniGQtxdJRxAgkBMolni2BjDHaWTxqt7M=
 github.com/ncruces/julianday v1.0.0/go.mod h1:Dusn2KvZrrovOMJuOt0TNXL6tB7U2E8kvza5fFc9G7g=
-github.com/tetratelabs/wazero v1.7.2 h1:1+z5nXJNwMLPAWaTePFi49SSTL0IMx/i3Fg8Yc25GDc=
-github.com/tetratelabs/wazero v1.7.2/go.mod h1:ytl6Zuh20R/eROuyDaGPkp82O9C/DJfXAwJfQ3X6/7Y=
+github.com/tetratelabs/wazero v1.7.3 h1:PBH5KVahrt3S2AHgEjKu4u+LlDbbk+nsGE3KLucy6Rw=
+github.com/tetratelabs/wazero v1.7.3/go.mod h1:ytl6Zuh20R/eROuyDaGPkp82O9C/DJfXAwJfQ3X6/7Y=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.21.0 h1:rF+pYz3DAGSQAxAu1CbC7catZg4ebC4UIeIhKxBZvws=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.21.0/go.mod h1:/VUhepiaJMQUp4+oa/7Zr1D23ma6VTLIYjOOTFZPUcA=
 golang.org/x/text v0.16.0 h1:a94ExnEXNtEwYLGJSIUxnWoxoRz/ZcCsV63ROupILh4=

internal/util/json.go

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ func (j JSON) Scan(value any) error {
 		buf = v.AppendFormat(buf, time.RFC3339Nano)
 		buf = append(buf, '"')
 	case nil:
-		buf = append(buf, "null"...)
+		buf = []byte("null")
 	default:
 		panic(AssertErr())
 	}

json.go

@@ -5,7 +5,8 @@ import "github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/internal/util"
 // JSON returns a value that can be used as an argument to
 // [database/sql.DB.Exec], [database/sql.Row.Scan] and similar methods to
 // store value as JSON, or decode JSON into value.
-// JSON should NOT be used with [BindJSON] or [ResultJSON].
+// JSON should NOT be used with [Stmt.BindJSON], [Stmt.ColumnJSON],
+// [Value.JSON], or [Context.ResultJSON].
 func JSON(value any) any {
 	return util.JSON{Value: value}
 }

pointer.go

@@ -4,7 +4,8 @@ import "github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/internal/util"
 
 // Pointer returns a pointer to a value that can be used as an argument to
 // [database/sql.DB.Exec] and similar methods.
-// Pointer should NOT be used with [BindPointer] or [ResultPointer].
+// Pointer should NOT be used with [Stmt.BindPointer],
+// [Value.Pointer], or [Context.ResultPointer].
 //
 // https://sqlite.org/bindptr.html
 func Pointer[T any](value T) any {

sqlite3/vtab.c

@@ -1,16 +1,18 @@
+#include <stdbool.h>
 #include <stddef.h>
 
 #include "include.h"
 #include "sqlite3.h"
 
-#define SQLITE_VTAB_CREATOR_GO /******/ 0x01
-#define SQLITE_VTAB_DESTROYER_GO /****/ 0x02
-#define SQLITE_VTAB_UPDATER_GO /******/ 0x04
-#define SQLITE_VTAB_RENAMER_GO /******/ 0x08
-#define SQLITE_VTAB_OVERLOADER_GO /***/ 0x10
-#define SQLITE_VTAB_CHECKER_GO /******/ 0x20
-#define SQLITE_VTAB_TXN_GO /**********/ 0x40
-#define SQLITE_VTAB_SAVEPOINTER_GO /**/ 0x80
+#define SQLITE_VTAB_CREATOR_GO /******/ 0x001
+#define SQLITE_VTAB_DESTROYER_GO /****/ 0x002
+#define SQLITE_VTAB_UPDATER_GO /******/ 0x004
+#define SQLITE_VTAB_RENAMER_GO /******/ 0x008
+#define SQLITE_VTAB_OVERLOADER_GO /***/ 0x010
+#define SQLITE_VTAB_CHECKER_GO /******/ 0x020
+#define SQLITE_VTAB_TXN_GO /**********/ 0x040
+#define SQLITE_VTAB_SAVEPOINTER_GO /**/ 0x080
+#define SQLITE_VTAB_SHADOWTABS_GO /***/ 0x100
 
 int go_vtab_create(sqlite3_module *, int argc, const char *const *argv,
                    sqlite3_vtab **, char **pzErr);
@@ -157,6 +159,8 @@ static int go_vtab_integrity_wrapper(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, const char *zSchema,
   return rc;
 }
 
+static int go_vtab_shadown_name_wrapper(const char *zName) { return true; }
+
 int sqlite3_create_module_go(sqlite3 *db, const char *zName, int flags,
                              go_handle handle) {
   struct go_module *mod = malloc(sizeof(struct go_module));
@@ -208,6 +212,9 @@ int sqlite3_create_module_go(sqlite3 *db, const char *zName, int flags,
     mod->base.xRelease = go_vtab_release;
     mod->base.xRollbackTo = go_vtab_rollback_to;
   }
+  if (flags & SQLITE_VTAB_SHADOWTABS_GO) {
+    mod->base.xShadowName = go_vtab_shadown_name_wrapper;
+  }
   if (mod->base.xCreate && !mod->base.xDestroy) {
     mod->base.xDestroy = mod->base.xDisconnect;
   }

stmt.go

@@ -564,7 +564,7 @@ func (s *Stmt) ColumnJSON(col int, ptr any) error {
 	var data []byte
 	switch s.ColumnType(col) {
 	case NULL:
-		data = append(data, "null"...)
+		data = []byte("null")
 	case TEXT:
 		data = s.ColumnRawText(col)
 	case BLOB:

tests/parallel/parallel_test.go

@@ -61,7 +61,6 @@ func Test_memdb(t *testing.T) {
 		iter = 5000
 	}
 
-	memdb.Delete("test.db")
 	memdb.Create("test.db", nil)
 	name := "file:/test.db?vfs=memdb"
 	testParallel(t, name, iter)
@@ -142,11 +141,42 @@ func TestChildProcess(t *testing.T) {
 	testParallel(t, name, 1000)
 }
 
+func Benchmark_parallel(b *testing.B) {
+	if !vfs.SupportsSharedMemory {
+		b.Skip("skipping without shared memory")
+	}
+
+	sqlite3.Initialize()
+	b.ResetTimer()
+
+	name := "file:" +
+		filepath.Join(b.TempDir(), "test.db") +
+		"?_pragma=busy_timeout(10000)" +
+		"&_pragma=journal_mode(truncate)" +
+		"&_pragma=synchronous(off)"
+	testParallel(b, name, b.N)
+}
+
+func Benchmark_wal(b *testing.B) {
+	if !vfs.SupportsSharedMemory {
+		b.Skip("skipping without shared memory")
+	}
+
+	sqlite3.Initialize()
+	b.ResetTimer()
+
+	name := "file:" +
+		filepath.Join(b.TempDir(), "test.db") +
+		"?_pragma=busy_timeout(10000)" +
+		"&_pragma=journal_mode(wal)" +
+		"&_pragma=synchronous(off)"
+	testParallel(b, name, b.N)
+}
+
 func Benchmark_memdb(b *testing.B) {
 	sqlite3.Initialize()
 	b.ResetTimer()
 
-	memdb.Delete("test.db")
 	memdb.Create("test.db", nil)
 	name := "file:/test.db?vfs=memdb"
 	testParallel(b, name, b.N)

tests/wal_test.go

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 package tests
 
 import (
-	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3"
+	"github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/driver"
 	_ "github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/embed"
 	_ "github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/internal/testcfg"
 	"github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/vfs"
@@ -52,26 +52,55 @@ func TestWAL_readonly(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	t.Parallel()
 
-	tmp := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "test.db")
-	err := os.WriteFile(tmp, walDB, 0666)
+	tmp := filepath.ToSlash(filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "test.db"))
+
+	db1, err := driver.Open("file:"+tmp+"?_pragma=journal_mode(wal)&_txlock=immediate", nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer db1.Close()
+
+	db2, err := driver.Open("file:"+tmp+"?_pragma=journal_mode(wal)&mode=ro", nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer db2.Close()
+
+	// Create the table using the first (writable) connection.
+	_, err = db1.Exec(`
+		CREATE TABLE t(id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, name TEXT);
+		INSERT INTO t(name) VALUES('alice');
+	`)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 
-	db, err := sqlite3.OpenFlags(tmp, sqlite3.OPEN_READONLY)
+	// Select the data using the second (readonly) connection.
+	var name string
+	err = db2.QueryRow("SELECT name FROM t").Scan(&name)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
-	defer db.Close()
+	if name != "alice" {
+		t.Errorf("got %q want alice", name)
+	}
 
-	stmt, _, err := db.Prepare(`SELECT * FROM sqlite_master`)
+	// Update table.
+	_, err = db1.Exec(`
+		DELETE FROM t;
+		INSERT INTO t(name) VALUES('bob');
+	`)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
-	defer stmt.Close()
 
-	if stmt.Step() {
-		t.Error("want no rows")
+	// Select the data using the second (readonly) connection.
+	err = db2.QueryRow("SELECT name FROM t").Scan(&name)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if name != "bob" {
+		t.Errorf("got %q want bob", name)
 	}
 }
 

util/vtabutil/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# Virtual Table utility functions 
+
+This package implements utilities mostly useful to virtual table implementations.
+
+It also wraps a [parser](https://github.com/marcobambini/sqlite-createtable-parser)
+for the [`CREATE`](https://sqlite.org/lang_createtable.html) and
+[`ALTER TABLE`](https://sqlite.org/lang_altertable.html) commands,
+created by [Marco Bambini](https://github.com/marcobambini).

util/vtabutil/arg.go

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-// Package ioutil implements virtual table utility functions.
 package vtabutil
 
 import "strings"

util/vtabutil/parse.go

@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+package vtabutil
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"sync"
+
+	_ "embed"
+
+	"github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/internal/util"
+	"github.com/tetratelabs/wazero"
+	"github.com/tetratelabs/wazero/api"
+)
+
+const (
+	_NONE = iota
+	_MEMORY
+	_SYNTAX
+	_UNSUPPORTEDSQL
+
+	codeptr = 4
+	baseptr = 8
+)
+
+var (
+	//go:embed parse/sql3parse_table.wasm
+	binary  []byte
+	ctx     context.Context
+	once    sync.Once
+	runtime wazero.Runtime
+	module  wazero.CompiledModule
+)
+
+// Table holds metadata about a table.
+type Table struct {
+	mod api.Module
+	ptr uint32
+	sql string
+}
+
+// Parse parses a [CREATE] or [ALTER TABLE] command.
+//
+// [CREATE]: https://sqlite.org/lang_createtable.html
+// [ALTER TABLE]: https://sqlite.org/lang_altertable.html
+func Parse(sql string) (_ *Table, err error) {
+	once.Do(func() {
+		ctx = context.Background()
+		cfg := wazero.NewRuntimeConfigInterpreter().WithDebugInfoEnabled(false)
+		runtime = wazero.NewRuntimeWithConfig(ctx, cfg)
+		module, err = runtime.CompileModule(ctx, binary)
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	mod, err := runtime.InstantiateModule(ctx, module, wazero.NewModuleConfig().WithName(""))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	if buf, ok := mod.Memory().Read(baseptr, uint32(len(sql))); ok {
+		copy(buf, sql)
+	}
+	r, err := mod.ExportedFunction("sql3parse_table").Call(ctx, baseptr, uint64(len(sql)), codeptr)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	c, _ := mod.Memory().ReadUint32Le(codeptr)
+	switch c {
+	case _MEMORY:
+		panic(util.OOMErr)
+	case _SYNTAX:
+		return nil, util.ErrorString("sql3parse: invalid syntax")
+	case _UNSUPPORTEDSQL:
+		return nil, util.ErrorString("sql3parse: unsupported SQL")
+	}
+	if r[0] == 0 {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+	return &Table{
+		sql: sql,
+		mod: mod,
+		ptr: uint32(r[0]),
+	}, nil
+}
+
+// Close closes a table handle.
+func (t *Table) Close() error {
+	mod := t.mod
+	t.mod = nil
+	return mod.Close(ctx)
+}
+
+// NumColumns returns the number of columns of the table.
+func (t *Table) NumColumns() int {
+	r, err := t.mod.ExportedFunction("sql3table_num_columns").Call(ctx, uint64(t.ptr))
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	return int(int32(r[0]))
+}
+
+// Column returns data for the ith column of the table.
+//
+// https://sqlite.org/lang_createtable.html#column_definitions
+func (t *Table) Column(i int) Column {
+	r, err := t.mod.ExportedFunction("sql3table_get_column").Call(ctx, uint64(t.ptr), uint64(i))
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	return Column{
+		tab: t,
+		ptr: uint32(r[0]),
+	}
+}
+
+func (t *Table) string(ptr uint32) string {
+	if ptr == 0 {
+		return ""
+	}
+	off, _ := t.mod.Memory().ReadUint32Le(ptr + 0)
+	len, _ := t.mod.Memory().ReadUint32Le(ptr + 4)
+	return t.sql[off-baseptr : off+len-baseptr]
+}
+
+// Column holds metadata about a column.
+type Column struct {
+	tab *Table
+	ptr uint32
+}
+
+// Type returns the declared type of a column.
+//
+// https://sqlite.org/lang_createtable.html#column_data_types
+func (c Column) Type() string {
+	r, err := c.tab.mod.ExportedFunction("sql3column_type").Call(ctx, uint64(c.ptr))
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	return c.tab.string(uint32(r[0]))
+}

util/vtabutil/parse/.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+sql3parse_table.c
+sql3parse_table.h

util/vtabutil/parse/build.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -euo pipefail
+
+cd -P -- "$(dirname -- "$0")"
+
+ROOT=../../../
+BINARYEN="$ROOT/tools/binaryen-version_117/bin"
+WASI_SDK="$ROOT/tools/wasi-sdk-22.0/bin"
+
+"$WASI_SDK/clang" --target=wasm32-wasi -std=c17 -flto -g0 -Oz \
+	-Wall -Wextra -Wno-unused-parameter -Wno-unused-function \
+	-o sql3parse_table.wasm sql3parse_table.c \
+	-mexec-model=reactor \
+	-msimd128 -mmutable-globals -mmultivalue \
+	-mbulk-memory -mreference-types \
+	-mnontrapping-fptoint -msign-ext \
+	-fno-stack-protector -fno-stack-clash-protection \
+	-Wl,--stack-first \
+	-Wl,--import-undefined \
+	$(awk '{print "-Wl,--export="$0}' exports.txt)
+
+trap 'rm -f sql3parse_table.tmp' EXIT
+"$BINARYEN/wasm-ctor-eval" -g -c _initialize sql3parse_table.wasm -o sql3parse_table.tmp
+"$BINARYEN/wasm-opt" -g --strip --strip-producers -c -Oz \
+	sql3parse_table.tmp -o sql3parse_table.wasm \
+	--enable-simd --enable-mutable-globals --enable-multivalue \
+	--enable-bulk-memory --enable-reference-types \
+	--enable-nontrapping-float-to-int --enable-sign-ext

util/vtabutil/parse/download.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -euo pipefail
+
+cd -P -- "$(dirname -- "$0")"
+
+curl -#OL "https://github.com/ncruces/sqlite-createtable-parser/raw/master/sql3parse_table.c"
+curl -#OL "https://github.com/ncruces/sqlite-createtable-parser/raw/master/sql3parse_table.h"

util/vtabutil/parse/exports.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+sql3parse_table
+sql3table_get_column
+sql3table_num_columns
+sql3column_type

util/vtabutil/vtabutil.go

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+// Package vtabutil implements virtual table utility functions.
+package vtabutil

value.go

@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ func (v Value) JSON(ptr any) error {
 	var data []byte
 	switch v.Type() {
 	case NULL:
-		data = append(data, "null"...)
+		data = []byte("null")
 	case TEXT:
 		data = v.RawText()
 	case BLOB:

vfs/adiantum/README.md

@@ -1,13 +1,7 @@
-# Go `"adiantum"` SQLite VFS
+# Go `adiantum` SQLite VFS
 
 This package wraps an SQLite VFS to offer encryption at rest.
 
-> [!WARNING]
-> This work was not certified by a cryptographer.
-> If you need vetted encryption, you should purchase the
-> [SQLite Encryption Extension](https://sqlite.org/see),
-> and either wrap it, or seek assistance wrapping it.
-
 The `"adiantum"` VFS wraps the default SQLite VFS using the
 [Adiantum](https://github.com/lukechampine/adiantum)
 tweakable and length-preserving encryption.\

vfs/const.go

@@ -51,6 +51,7 @@ const (
 	_IOERR_BEGIN_ATOMIC      _ErrorCode = util.IOERR_BEGIN_ATOMIC
 	_IOERR_COMMIT_ATOMIC     _ErrorCode = util.IOERR_COMMIT_ATOMIC
 	_IOERR_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC   _ErrorCode = util.IOERR_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC
+	_BUSY_SNAPSHOT           _ErrorCode = util.BUSY_SNAPSHOT
 	_CANTOPEN_FULLPATH       _ErrorCode = util.CANTOPEN_FULLPATH
 	_CANTOPEN_ISDIR          _ErrorCode = util.CANTOPEN_ISDIR
 	_READONLY_CANTINIT       _ErrorCode = util.READONLY_CANTINIT

vfs/memdb/README.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Go `"memdb"` SQLite VFS
+# Go `memdb` SQLite VFS
 
 This package implements the [`"memdb"`](https://sqlite.org/src/doc/tip/src/memdb.c)
 SQLite VFS in pure Go.

vfs/memdb/memdb.go

@@ -75,11 +75,6 @@ func (memVFS) FullPathname(name string) (string, error) {
 type memDB struct {
 	name string
 
-	// +checklocks:lockMtx
-	pending *memFile
-	// +checklocks:lockMtx
-	reserved *memFile
-
 	// +checklocks:dataMtx
 	data []*[sectorSize]byte
 
@@ -88,6 +83,10 @@ type memDB struct {
 
 	// +checklocks:lockMtx
 	shared int
+	// +checklocks:lockMtx
+	reserved bool
+	// +checklocks:lockMtx
+	pending bool
 
 	// +checklocks:memoryMtx
 	refs int
@@ -214,24 +213,24 @@ func (m *memFile) Lock(lock vfs.LockLevel) error {
 
 	switch lock {
 	case vfs.LOCK_SHARED:
-		if m.pending != nil {
+		if m.pending {
 			return sqlite3.BUSY
 		}
 		m.shared++
 
 	case vfs.LOCK_RESERVED:
-		if m.reserved != nil {
+		if m.reserved {
 			return sqlite3.BUSY
 		}
-		m.reserved = m
+		m.reserved = true
 
 	case vfs.LOCK_EXCLUSIVE:
 		if m.lock < vfs.LOCK_PENDING {
-			if m.pending != nil {
+			if m.pending {
 				return sqlite3.BUSY
 			}
 			m.lock = vfs.LOCK_PENDING
-			m.pending = m
+			m.pending = true
 		}
 
 		for before := time.Now(); m.shared > 1; {
@@ -256,11 +255,11 @@ func (m *memFile) Unlock(lock vfs.LockLevel) error {
 	m.lockMtx.Lock()
 	defer m.lockMtx.Unlock()
 
-	if m.pending == m {
-		m.pending = nil
+	if m.pending && m.lock >= vfs.LOCK_PENDING {
+		m.pending = false
 	}
-	if m.reserved == m {
-		m.reserved = nil
+	if m.reserved && m.lock >= vfs.LOCK_RESERVED {
+		m.reserved = false
 	}
 	if lock < vfs.LOCK_SHARED {
 		m.shared--
@@ -275,7 +274,7 @@ func (m *memFile) CheckReservedLock() (bool, error) {
 	}
 	m.lockMtx.Lock()
 	defer m.lockMtx.Unlock()
-	return m.reserved != nil, nil
+	return m.reserved, nil
 }
 
 func (m *memFile) SectorSize() int {

vfs/os_bsd.go

@@ -29,5 +29,12 @@ func osReadLock(file *os.File, _ /*start*/, _ /*len*/ int64, _ /*timeout*/ time.
 }
 
 func osWriteLock(file *os.File, _ /*start*/, _ /*len*/ int64, _ /*timeout*/ time.Duration) _ErrorCode {
-	return osLock(file, unix.LOCK_EX|unix.LOCK_NB, _IOERR_LOCK)
+	rc := osLock(file, unix.LOCK_EX|unix.LOCK_NB, _IOERR_LOCK)
+	if rc == _BUSY {
+		// The documentation states the lock is upgraded by releasing the previous lock,
+		// then acquiring the new lock.
+		// This is a race, so return BUSY_SNAPSHOT to ensure the transaction is aborted.
+		return _BUSY_SNAPSHOT
+	}
+	return rc
 }

vfs/os_unix_lock.go

@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ func osDowngradeLock(file *os.File, state LockLevel) _ErrorCode {
 			// In theory, the downgrade to a SHARED cannot fail because another
 			// process is holding an incompatible lock. If it does, this
 			// indicates that the other process is not following the locking
-			// protocol. If this happens, return _IOERR_RDLOCK. Returning
+			// protocol. If this happens, return IOERR_RDLOCK. Returning
 			// BUSY would confuse the upper layer.
 			return _IOERR_RDLOCK
 		}

vfs/readervfs/README.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Go `"reader"` SQLite VFS
+# Go `reader` SQLite VFS
 
 This package implements a `"reader"` SQLite VFS
 that allows accessing any [`io.ReaderAt`](https://pkg.go.dev/io#ReaderAt)

vfs/shm.go

@@ -125,6 +125,9 @@ func (s *vfsShm) shmMap(ctx context.Context, mod api.Module, id, size int32, ext
 		return 0, _IOERR_SHMMAP
 	}
 	s.regions = append(s.regions, r)
+	if s.readOnly {
+		return r.Ptr, _READONLY
+	}
 	return r.Ptr, _OK
 }
 

vfs/shm_bsd.go

@@ -101,13 +101,13 @@ func (s *vfsShm) shmOpen() (rc _ErrorCode) {
 		return _OK
 	}
 
-	// Open file read-write, as it will be shared.
+	// Always open file read-write, as it will be shared.
 	f, err := os.OpenFile(s.path,
 		unix.O_RDWR|unix.O_CREAT|unix.O_NOFOLLOW, 0666)
 	if err != nil {
 		return _CANTOPEN
 	}
-	// Close if file if it's not nil.
+	// Closes file if it's not nil.
 	defer func() { f.Close() }()
 
 	fi, err := f.Stat()
@@ -128,10 +128,11 @@ func (s *vfsShm) shmOpen() (rc _ErrorCode) {
 	}
 
 	// Lock and truncate the file, if not readonly.
+	// The lock is only released by closing the file.
 	if s.readOnly {
 		rc = _READONLY_CANTINIT
 	} else {
-		if rc := osWriteLock(f, 0, 0, 0); rc != _OK {
+		if rc := osLock(f, unix.LOCK_EX|unix.LOCK_NB, _IOERR_LOCK); rc != _OK {
 			return rc
 		}
 		if err := f.Truncate(0); err != nil {
@@ -145,17 +146,14 @@ func (s *vfsShm) shmOpen() (rc _ErrorCode) {
 		info: fi,
 		refs: 1,
 	}
-	f = nil
-	add := true
+	f = nil // Don't close the file.
 	for i, g := range vfsShmFiles {
 		if g == nil {
 			vfsShmFiles[i] = s.vfsShmFile
-			add = false
+			return rc
 		}
 	}
-	if add {
-		vfsShmFiles = append(vfsShmFiles, s.vfsShmFile)
-	}
+	vfsShmFiles = append(vfsShmFiles, s.vfsShmFile)
 	return rc
 }
 
@@ -195,6 +193,9 @@ func (s *vfsShm) shmMap(ctx context.Context, mod api.Module, id, size int32, ext
 		return 0, _IOERR_SHMMAP
 	}
 	s.regions = append(s.regions, r)
+	if s.readOnly {
+		return r.Ptr, _READONLY
+	}
 	return r.Ptr, _OK
 }
 

vfs/tests/mptest/mptest_test.go

@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ func Test_multiwrite01(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func Test_config01_memory(t *testing.T) {
-	memdb.Delete("test.db")
+	memdb.Create("test.db", nil)
 	ctx := util.NewContext(newContext(t))
 	cfg := config(ctx).WithArgs("mptest", "/test.db", "config01.test",
 		"--vfs", "memdb")
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ func Test_multiwrite01_memory(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Skip("skipping in short mode")
 	}
 
-	memdb.Delete("test.db")
+	memdb.Create("test.db", nil)
 	ctx := util.NewContext(newContext(t))
 	cfg := config(ctx).WithArgs("mptest", "/test.db", "multiwrite01.test",
 		"--vfs", "memdb")

vtab.go

@@ -16,14 +16,15 @@ func CreateModule[T VTab](db *Conn, name string, create, connect VTabConstructor
 	var flags int
 
 	const (
-		VTAB_CREATOR     = 0x01
-		VTAB_DESTROYER   = 0x02
-		VTAB_UPDATER     = 0x04
-		VTAB_RENAMER     = 0x08
-		VTAB_OVERLOADER  = 0x10
-		VTAB_CHECKER     = 0x20
-		VTAB_TXN         = 0x40
-		VTAB_SAVEPOINTER = 0x80
+		VTAB_CREATOR     = 0x001
+		VTAB_DESTROYER   = 0x002
+		VTAB_UPDATER     = 0x004
+		VTAB_RENAMER     = 0x008
+		VTAB_OVERLOADER  = 0x010
+		VTAB_CHECKER     = 0x020
+		VTAB_TXN         = 0x040
+		VTAB_SAVEPOINTER = 0x080
+		VTAB_SHADOWTABS  = 0x100
 	)
 
 	if create != nil {
@@ -52,6 +53,9 @@ func CreateModule[T VTab](db *Conn, name string, create, connect VTabConstructor
 	if implements[VTabSavepointer](vtab) {
 		flags |= VTAB_SAVEPOINTER
 	}
+	if implements[VTabShadowTabler](vtab) {
+		flags |= VTAB_SHADOWTABS
+	}
 
 	defer db.arena.mark()()
 	namePtr := db.arena.string(name)
@@ -174,6 +178,17 @@ type VTabOverloader interface {
 	FindFunction(arg int, name string) (ScalarFunction, IndexConstraintOp)
 }
 
+// A VTabShadowTabler allows a virtual table to protect the content
+// of shadow tables from being corrupted by hostile SQL.
+//
+// Implementing this interface signals that a virtual table named
+// "mumble" reserves all table names starting with "mumble_".
+type VTabShadowTabler interface {
+	VTab
+	// https://sqlite.org/vtab.html#the_xshadowname_method
+	ShadowTables()
+}
+
 // A VTabChecker allows a virtual table to report errors
 // to the PRAGMA integrity_check and PRAGMA quick_check commands.
 //