Updated dependencies.

Bumps [actions/setup-go](https://github.com/actions/setup-go) from 5 to 6.
- [Release notes](https://github.com/actions/setup-go/releases)
- [Commits](https://github.com/actions/setup-go/compare/v5...v6)

---
updated-dependencies:
- dependency-name: actions/setup-go
  dependency-version: '6'
  dependency-type: direct:production
  update-type: version-update:semver-major
...

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

.github/workflows/libc.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+name: Benchmark libc
+
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+jobs:
+  test:
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        os: [ubuntu-24.04, ubuntu-24.04-arm, macos-13, macos-15]
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+    - uses: actions/setup-go@v6
+      with: { go-version: stable }
+
+    - name: Benchmark
+      shell: bash
+      run: sqlite3/libc/benchmark.sh

.github/workflows/repro.sh

@@ -1,28 +1,9 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env bash
 set -euo pipefail
 
-if [[ "$OSTYPE" == "linux"* ]]; then
-  WASI_SDK="https://github.com/WebAssembly/wasi-sdk/releases/download/wasi-sdk-25/wasi-sdk-25.0-x86_64-linux.tar.gz"
-  BINARYEN="https://github.com/WebAssembly/binaryen/releases/download/version_122/binaryen-version_122-x86_64-linux.tar.gz"
-elif [[ "$OSTYPE" == "darwin"* ]]; then
-  WASI_SDK="https://github.com/WebAssembly/wasi-sdk/releases/download/wasi-sdk-25/wasi-sdk-25.0-arm64-macos.tar.gz"
-  BINARYEN="https://github.com/WebAssembly/binaryen/releases/download/version_122/binaryen-version_122-arm64-macos.tar.gz"
-elif [[ "$OSTYPE" == "msys" || "$OSTYPE" == "cygwin" ]]; then
-  WASI_SDK="https://github.com/WebAssembly/wasi-sdk/releases/download/wasi-sdk-25/wasi-sdk-25.0-x86_64-windows.tar.gz"
-  BINARYEN="https://github.com/WebAssembly/binaryen/releases/download/version_122/binaryen-version_122-x86_64-windows.tar.gz"
-fi
-
-# Download tools
-mkdir -p tools/
-[ -d "tools/wasi-sdk" ] || curl -#L "$WASI_SDK" | tar xzC tools &
-[ -d "tools/binaryen" ] || curl -#L "$BINARYEN" | tar xzC tools &
-wait
-
-[ -d "tools/wasi-sdk" ] || mv "tools/wasi-sdk"* "tools/wasi-sdk"
-[ -d "tools/binaryen" ] || mv "tools/binaryen"* "tools/binaryen"
-
 # Download and build SQLite
 sqlite3/download.sh
+sqlite3/tools.sh
 embed/build.sh
 embed/bcw2/build.sh
 

.github/workflows/repro.yml

@@ -17,13 +17,13 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
     - uses: ilammy/msvc-dev-cmd@v1
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v5
 
     - name: Build
       shell: bash
       run: .github/workflows/repro.sh
 
-    - uses: actions/attest-build-provenance@v2
+    - uses: actions/attest-build-provenance@v3
       if: matrix.os == 'ubuntu-latest'
       with:
         subject-path: |

.github/workflows/test.yml

@@ -17,16 +17,21 @@ on:
       - '**.yml'
   workflow_dispatch:
 
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
 jobs:
   test:
     strategy:
       matrix:
         os: [macos-latest, ubuntu-latest, windows-latest]
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+    permissions:
+      contents: write
 
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-    - uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+    - uses: actions/setup-go@v6
       with: { go-version: stable }
 
     - name: Format
@@ -93,27 +98,27 @@ jobs:
       matrix:
         os:
           - name: freebsd
-            version: '14.2'
+            version: '14.3'
             flags: '-test.v'
           - name: netbsd
             version: '10.1'
             flags: '-test.v'
           - name: freebsd
             arch: arm64
-            version: '14.2'
+            version: '14.3'
             flags: '-test.v -test.short'
           - name: netbsd
             arch: arm64
             version: '10.1'
             flags: '-test.v -test.short'
           - name: openbsd
-            version: '7.6'
+            version: '7.7'
             flags: '-test.v -test.short'
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     needs: test
 
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v5
 
     - name: Build
       env:
@@ -123,7 +128,7 @@ jobs:
       run: .github/workflows/build-test.sh
 
     - name: Test
-      uses: cross-platform-actions/action@v0.27.0
+      uses: cross-platform-actions/action@v0.29.0
       with:
         operating_system: ${{ matrix.os.name }}
         architecture: ${{ matrix.os.arch }}
@@ -150,7 +155,7 @@ jobs:
     needs: test
 
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v5
 
     - name: Build
       env:
@@ -169,8 +174,8 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
     - uses: bytecodealliance/actions/wasmtime/setup@v1
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-    - uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+    - uses: actions/setup-go@v6
       with: { go-version: stable }
 
     - name: Set path
@@ -190,8 +195,8 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
     - uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-    - uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+    - uses: actions/setup-go@v6
       with: { go-version: stable }
 
     - name: Test 386 (32-bit)
@@ -211,8 +216,8 @@ jobs:
     needs: test
 
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-    - uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+    - uses: actions/setup-go@v6
       with: { go-version: stable }
 
     - name: Test
@@ -223,8 +228,8 @@ jobs:
     needs: test
 
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-    - uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+    - uses: actions/setup-go@v6
       with: { go-version: stable }
 
     - name: Test

README.md

@@ -30,10 +30,10 @@ db.QueryRow(`SELECT sqlite_version()`).Scan(&version)
 
 - [`github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3`](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3)
   wraps the [C SQLite API](https://sqlite.org/cintro.html)
-  ([example usage](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3#example-package)).
+  ([example](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3#example-package)).
 - [`github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/driver`](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/driver)
   provides a [`database/sql`](https://pkg.go.dev/database/sql) driver
-  ([example usage](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/driver#example-package)).
+  ([example](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/driver#example-package)).
 - [`github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/embed`](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/embed)
   embeds a build of SQLite into your application.
 - [`github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/vfs`](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/vfs)
@@ -44,12 +44,19 @@ db.QueryRow(`SELECT sqlite_version()`).Scan(&version)
 ### Advanced features
 
 - [incremental BLOB I/O](https://sqlite.org/c3ref/blob_open.html)
+  ([example](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/ext/blobio#example-package))
 - [nested transactions](https://sqlite.org/lang_savepoint.html)
+  ([example](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/driver#example-Savepoint))
 - [custom functions](https://sqlite.org/c3ref/create_function.html)
+  ([example](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3#example-Conn.CreateFunction))
 - [virtual tables](https://sqlite.org/vtab.html)
+  ([example](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3#example-CreateModule))
 - [custom VFSes](https://sqlite.org/vfs.html)
+  ([examples](vfs/README.md#custom-vfses))
 - [online backup](https://sqlite.org/backup.html)
+  ([example](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/driver#Conn))
 - [JSON support](https://sqlite.org/json1.html)
+  ([example](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/driver#example-package-Json))
 - [math functions](https://sqlite.org/lang_mathfunc.html)
 - [full-text search](https://sqlite.org/fts5.html)
 - [geospatial search](https://sqlite.org/geopoly.html)
@@ -57,7 +64,6 @@ db.QueryRow(`SELECT sqlite_version()`).Scan(&version)
 - [statistics functions](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/ext/stats)
 - [encryption at rest](vfs/adiantum/README.md)
 - [many extensions](ext/README.md)
-- [custom VFSes](vfs/README.md#custom-vfses)
 - [and more…](embed/README.md)
 
 ### Caveats
@@ -77,10 +83,19 @@ It also benefits greatly from [SQLite's](https://sqlite.org/testing.html) and
 [wazero's](https://tetrate.io/blog/introducing-wazero-from-tetrate/#:~:text=Rock%2Dsolid%20test%20approach)
 thorough testing.
 
-Every commit is [tested](https://github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/wiki/Support-matrix) on
-Linux (amd64/arm64/386/riscv64/ppc64le/s390x), macOS (arm64/amd64),
-Windows (amd64), FreeBSD (amd64/arm64), OpenBSD (amd64), NetBSD (amd64/arm64),
-DragonFly BSD (amd64), illumos (amd64), and Solaris (amd64).
+Every commit is tested on:
+* Linux: amd64, arm64, 386, riscv64, ppc64le, s390x
+* macOS: amd64, arm64
+* Windows: amd64
+* BSD:
+  * FreeBSD: amd64, arm64
+  * OpenBSD: amd64
+  * NetBSD: amd64, arm64
+  * DragonFly BSD: amd64
+* illumos: amd64
+* Solaris: amd64
+
+Certain operating system and CPU combinations have some limitations. See the [support matrix](https://github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/wiki/Support-matrix) for a complete overview.
 
 The Go VFS is tested by running SQLite's
 [mptest](https://github.com/sqlite/sqlite/blob/master/mptest/mptest.c).
@@ -118,4 +133,4 @@ and features we're working on, planning to work on, or asking for help with.
 - [`modernc.org/sqlite`](https://pkg.go.dev/modernc.org/sqlite)
 - [`crawshaw.io/sqlite`](https://pkg.go.dev/crawshaw.io/sqlite)
 - [`github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3`](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3)
-- [`github.com/zombiezen/go-sqlite`](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/zombiezen/go-sqlite)
+- [`github.com/zombiezen/go-sqlite`](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/zombiezen/go-sqlite)

blob.go

@@ -31,6 +31,10 @@ var _ io.ReadWriteSeeker = &Blob{}
 //
 // https://sqlite.org/c3ref/blob_open.html
 func (c *Conn) OpenBlob(db, table, column string, row int64, write bool) (*Blob, error) {
+	if c.interrupt.Err() != nil {
+		return nil, INTERRUPT
+	}
+
 	defer c.arena.mark()()
 	blobPtr := c.arena.new(ptrlen)
 	dbPtr := c.arena.string(db)
@@ -42,7 +46,6 @@ func (c *Conn) OpenBlob(db, table, column string, row int64, write bool) (*Blob,
 		flags = 1
 	}
 
-	c.checkInterrupt(c.handle)
 	rc := res_t(c.call("sqlite3_blob_open", stk_t(c.handle),
 		stk_t(dbPtr), stk_t(tablePtr), stk_t(columnPtr),
 		stk_t(row), stk_t(flags), stk_t(blobPtr)))
@@ -253,7 +256,9 @@ func (b *Blob) Seek(offset int64, whence int) (int64, error) {
 //
 // https://sqlite.org/c3ref/blob_reopen.html
 func (b *Blob) Reopen(row int64) error {
-	b.c.checkInterrupt(b.c.handle)
+	if b.c.interrupt.Err() != nil {
+		return INTERRUPT
+	}
 	err := b.c.error(res_t(b.c.call("sqlite3_blob_reopen", stk_t(b.handle), stk_t(row))))
 	b.bytes = int64(int32(b.c.call("sqlite3_blob_bytes", stk_t(b.handle))))
 	b.offset = 0

config.go

@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ func (c *Conn) FileControl(schema string, op FcntlOpcode, arg ...any) (any, erro
 	default:
 		return nil, MISUSE
 
-	case FCNTL_RESET_CACHE:
+	case FCNTL_RESET_CACHE, FCNTL_NULL_IO:
 		rc = res_t(c.call("sqlite3_file_control",
 			stk_t(c.handle), stk_t(schemaPtr),
 			stk_t(op), 0))
@@ -275,6 +275,10 @@ func traceCallback(ctx context.Context, mod api.Module, evt TraceEvent, pDB, pAr
 //
 // https://sqlite.org/c3ref/wal_checkpoint_v2.html
 func (c *Conn) WALCheckpoint(schema string, mode CheckpointMode) (nLog, nCkpt int, err error) {
+	if c.interrupt.Err() != nil {
+		return 0, 0, INTERRUPT
+	}
+
 	defer c.arena.mark()()
 	nLogPtr := c.arena.new(ptrlen)
 	nCkptPtr := c.arena.new(ptrlen)
@@ -388,6 +392,6 @@ func (c *Conn) EnableChecksums(schema string) error {
 	}
 
 	// Checkpoint the WAL.
-	_, _, err = c.WALCheckpoint(schema, CHECKPOINT_RESTART)
+	_, _, err = c.WALCheckpoint(schema, CHECKPOINT_FULL)
 	return err
 }

conn.go

@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@ type Conn struct {
 	*sqlite
 
 	interrupt  context.Context
-	pending    *Stmt
 	stmts      []*Stmt
 	busy       func(context.Context, int) bool
 	log        func(xErrorCode, string)
@@ -41,6 +40,7 @@ type Conn struct {
 	busylst time.Time
 	arena   arena
 	handle  ptr_t
+	gosched uint8
 }
 
 // Open calls [OpenFlags] with [OPEN_READWRITE], [OPEN_CREATE] and [OPEN_URI].
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ func (c *Conn) openDB(filename string, flags OpenFlag) (ptr_t, error) {
 		return 0, err
 	}
 
-	c.call("sqlite3_progress_handler_go", stk_t(handle), 100)
+	c.call("sqlite3_progress_handler_go", stk_t(handle), 1000)
 	if flags|OPEN_URI != 0 && strings.HasPrefix(filename, "file:") {
 		var pragmas strings.Builder
 		if _, after, ok := strings.Cut(filename, "?"); ok {
@@ -132,7 +132,6 @@ func (c *Conn) openDB(filename string, flags OpenFlag) (ptr_t, error) {
 			}
 		}
 		if pragmas.Len() != 0 {
-			c.checkInterrupt(handle)
 			pragmaPtr := c.arena.string(pragmas.String())
 			rc := res_t(c.call("sqlite3_exec", stk_t(handle), stk_t(pragmaPtr), 0, 0, 0))
 			if err := c.sqlite.error(rc, handle, pragmas.String()); err != nil {
@@ -166,9 +165,6 @@ func (c *Conn) Close() error {
 		return nil
 	}
 
-	c.pending.Close()
-	c.pending = nil
-
 	rc := res_t(c.call("sqlite3_close", stk_t(c.handle)))
 	if err := c.error(rc); err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -183,11 +179,16 @@ func (c *Conn) Close() error {
 //
 // https://sqlite.org/c3ref/exec.html
 func (c *Conn) Exec(sql string) error {
-	defer c.arena.mark()()
-	sqlPtr := c.arena.string(sql)
+	if c.interrupt.Err() != nil {
+		return INTERRUPT
+	}
+	return c.exec(sql)
+}
 
-	c.checkInterrupt(c.handle)
-	rc := res_t(c.call("sqlite3_exec", stk_t(c.handle), stk_t(sqlPtr), 0, 0, 0))
+func (c *Conn) exec(sql string) error {
+	defer c.arena.mark()()
+	textPtr := c.arena.string(sql)
+	rc := res_t(c.call("sqlite3_exec", stk_t(c.handle), stk_t(textPtr), 0, 0, 0))
 	return c.error(rc, sql)
 }
 
@@ -206,20 +207,22 @@ func (c *Conn) PrepareFlags(sql string, flags PrepareFlag) (stmt *Stmt, tail str
 	if len(sql) > _MAX_SQL_LENGTH {
 		return nil, "", TOOBIG
 	}
+	if c.interrupt.Err() != nil {
+		return nil, "", INTERRUPT
+	}
 
 	defer c.arena.mark()()
 	stmtPtr := c.arena.new(ptrlen)
 	tailPtr := c.arena.new(ptrlen)
-	sqlPtr := c.arena.string(sql)
+	textPtr := c.arena.string(sql)
 
-	c.checkInterrupt(c.handle)
 	rc := res_t(c.call("sqlite3_prepare_v3", stk_t(c.handle),
-		stk_t(sqlPtr), stk_t(len(sql)+1), stk_t(flags),
+		stk_t(textPtr), stk_t(len(sql)+1), stk_t(flags),
 		stk_t(stmtPtr), stk_t(tailPtr)))
 
-	stmt = &Stmt{c: c}
+	stmt = &Stmt{c: c, sql: sql}
 	stmt.handle = util.Read32[ptr_t](c.mod, stmtPtr)
-	if sql := sql[util.Read32[ptr_t](c.mod, tailPtr)-sqlPtr:]; sql != "" {
+	if sql := sql[util.Read32[ptr_t](c.mod, tailPtr)-textPtr:]; sql != "" {
 		tail = sql
 	}
 
@@ -340,43 +343,17 @@ func (c *Conn) GetInterrupt() context.Context {
 //
 // https://sqlite.org/c3ref/interrupt.html
 func (c *Conn) SetInterrupt(ctx context.Context) (old context.Context) {
+	if ctx == nil {
+		panic("nil Context")
+	}
 	old = c.interrupt
 	c.interrupt = ctx
-
-	if ctx == old || ctx.Done() == old.Done() {
-		return old
-	}
-
-	// A busy SQL statement prevents SQLite from ignoring an interrupt
-	// that comes before any other statements are started.
-	if c.pending == nil {
-		defer c.arena.mark()()
-		stmtPtr := c.arena.new(ptrlen)
-		loopPtr := c.arena.string(`WITH RECURSIVE c(x) AS (VALUES(0) UNION ALL SELECT x FROM c) SELECT x FROM c`)
-		c.call("sqlite3_prepare_v3", stk_t(c.handle), stk_t(loopPtr), math.MaxUint64,
-			stk_t(PREPARE_PERSISTENT), stk_t(stmtPtr), 0)
-		c.pending = &Stmt{c: c}
-		c.pending.handle = util.Read32[ptr_t](c.mod, stmtPtr)
-	}
-
-	if old.Done() != nil && ctx.Err() == nil {
-		c.pending.Reset()
-	}
-	if ctx.Done() != nil {
-		c.pending.Step()
-	}
 	return old
 }
 
-func (c *Conn) checkInterrupt(handle ptr_t) {
-	if c.interrupt.Err() != nil {
-		c.call("sqlite3_interrupt", stk_t(handle))
-	}
-}
-
 func progressCallback(ctx context.Context, mod api.Module, _ ptr_t) (interrupt int32) {
 	if c, ok := ctx.Value(connKey{}).(*Conn); ok {
-		if c.interrupt.Done() != nil {
+		if c.gosched++; c.gosched%16 == 0 {
 			runtime.Gosched()
 		}
 		if c.interrupt.Err() != nil {
@@ -432,11 +409,8 @@ func (c *Conn) BusyHandler(cb func(ctx context.Context, count int) (retry bool))
 
 func busyCallback(ctx context.Context, mod api.Module, pDB ptr_t, count int32) (retry int32) {
 	if c, ok := ctx.Value(connKey{}).(*Conn); ok && c.handle == pDB && c.busy != nil {
-		interrupt := c.interrupt
-		if interrupt == nil {
-			interrupt = context.Background()
-		}
-		if interrupt.Err() == nil && c.busy(interrupt, int(count)) {
+		if interrupt := c.interrupt; interrupt.Err() == nil &&
+			c.busy(interrupt, int(count)) {
 			retry = 1
 		}
 	}

const.go

@@ -185,12 +185,12 @@ const (
 type FunctionFlag uint32
 
 const (
-	DETERMINISTIC FunctionFlag = 0x000000800
-	DIRECTONLY    FunctionFlag = 0x000080000
-	INNOCUOUS     FunctionFlag = 0x000200000
-	SELFORDER1    FunctionFlag = 0x002000000
-	// SUBTYPE        FunctionFlag = 0x000100000
-	// RESULT_SUBTYPE FunctionFlag = 0x001000000
+	DETERMINISTIC  FunctionFlag = 0x000000800
+	DIRECTONLY     FunctionFlag = 0x000080000
+	SUBTYPE        FunctionFlag = 0x000100000
+	INNOCUOUS      FunctionFlag = 0x000200000
+	RESULT_SUBTYPE FunctionFlag = 0x001000000
+	SELFORDER1     FunctionFlag = 0x002000000
 )
 
 // StmtStatus name counter values associated with the [Stmt.Status] method.
@@ -280,6 +280,7 @@ const (
 	FCNTL_DATA_VERSION        FcntlOpcode = 35
 	FCNTL_RESERVE_BYTES       FcntlOpcode = 38
 	FCNTL_RESET_CACHE         FcntlOpcode = 42
+	FCNTL_NULL_IO             FcntlOpcode = 43
 )
 
 // LimitCategory are the available run-time limit categories.

context.go

@@ -89,20 +89,26 @@ func (ctx Context) ResultText(value string) {
 }
 
 // ResultRawText sets the text result of the function to a []byte.
-// Returning a nil slice is the same as calling [Context.ResultNull].
 //
 // https://sqlite.org/c3ref/result_blob.html
 func (ctx Context) ResultRawText(value []byte) {
+	if len(value) == 0 {
+		ctx.ResultText("")
+		return
+	}
 	ptr := ctx.c.newBytes(value)
 	ctx.c.call("sqlite3_result_text_go",
 		stk_t(ctx.handle), stk_t(ptr), stk_t(len(value)))
 }
 
 // ResultBlob sets the result of the function to a []byte.
-// Returning a nil slice is the same as calling [Context.ResultNull].
 //
 // https://sqlite.org/c3ref/result_blob.html
 func (ctx Context) ResultBlob(value []byte) {
+	if len(value) == 0 {
+		ctx.ResultZeroBlob(0)
+		return
+	}
 	ptr := ctx.c.newBytes(value)
 	ctx.c.call("sqlite3_result_blob_go",
 		stk_t(ctx.handle), stk_t(ptr), stk_t(len(value)))
@@ -171,12 +177,15 @@ func (ctx Context) ResultPointer(ptr any) {
 //
 // https://sqlite.org/c3ref/result_blob.html
 func (ctx Context) ResultJSON(value any) {
-	data, err := json.Marshal(value)
+	err := json.NewEncoder(callbackWriter(func(p []byte) (int, error) {
+		ctx.ResultRawText(p[:len(p)-1]) // remove the newline
+		return 0, nil
+	})).Encode(value)
+
 	if err != nil {
 		ctx.ResultError(err)
 		return // notest
 	}
-	ctx.ResultRawText(data)
 }
 
 // ResultValue sets the result of the function to a copy of [Value].
@@ -218,6 +227,14 @@ func (ctx Context) ResultError(err error) {
 	}
 }
 
+// ResultSubtype sets the subtype of the result of the function.
+//
+// https://sqlite.org/c3ref/result_subtype.html
+func (ctx Context) ResultSubtype(t uint) {
+	ctx.c.call("sqlite3_result_subtype",
+		stk_t(ctx.handle), stk_t(uint32(t)))
+}
+
 // VTabNoChange may return true if a column is being fetched as part
 // of an update during which the column value will not change.
 //

driver/driver.go

@@ -20,22 +20,45 @@
 //   - a [serializable] transaction is always "immediate";
 //   - a [read-only] transaction is always "deferred".
 //
+// # Datatypes In SQLite
+//
+// SQLite is dynamically typed.
+// Columns can mostly hold any value regardless of their declared type.
+// SQLite supports most [driver.Value] types out of the box,
+// but bool and [time.Time] require special care.
+//
+// Booleans can be stored on any column type and scanned back to a *bool.
+// However, if scanned to a *any, booleans may either become an
+// int64, string or bool, depending on the declared type of the column.
+// If you use BOOLEAN for your column type,
+// 1 and 0 will always scan as true and false.
+//
 // # Working with time
 //
+// Time values can similarly be stored on any column type.
 // The time encoding/decoding format can be specified using "_timefmt":
 //
 //	sql.Open("sqlite3", "file:demo.db?_timefmt=sqlite")
 //
-// Possible values are: "auto" (the default), "sqlite", "rfc3339";
+// Special values are: "auto" (the default), "sqlite", "rfc3339";
 //   - "auto" encodes as RFC 3339 and decodes any [format] supported by SQLite;
 //   - "sqlite" encodes as SQLite and decodes any [format] supported by SQLite;
 //   - "rfc3339" encodes and decodes RFC 3339 only.
 //
-// If you encode as RFC 3339 (the default),
-// consider using the TIME [collating sequence] to produce a time-ordered sequence.
+// You can also set "_timefmt" to an arbitrary [sqlite3.TimeFormat] or [time.Layout].
 //
-// To scan values in other formats, [sqlite3.TimeFormat.Scanner] may be helpful.
-// To bind values in other formats, [sqlite3.TimeFormat.Encode] them before binding.
+// If you encode as RFC 3339 (the default),
+// consider using the TIME [collating sequence] to produce time-ordered sequences.
+//
+// If you encode as RFC 3339 (the default),
+// time values will scan back to a *time.Time unless your column type is TEXT.
+// Otherwise, if scanned to a *any, time values may either become an
+// int64, float64 or string, depending on the time format and declared type of the column.
+// If you use DATE, TIME, DATETIME, or TIMESTAMP for your column type,
+// "_timefmt" will be used to decode values.
+//
+// To scan values in custom formats, [sqlite3.TimeFormat.Scanner] may be helpful.
+// To bind values in custom formats, [sqlite3.TimeFormat.Encode] them before binding.
 //
 // When using a custom time struct, you'll have to implement
 // [database/sql/driver.Valuer] and [database/sql.Scanner].
@@ -48,7 +71,7 @@
 // The Scan method needs to take into account that the value it receives can be of differing types.
 // It can already be a [time.Time], if the driver decoded the value according to "_timefmt" rules.
 // Or it can be a: string, int64, float64, []byte, or nil,
-// depending on the column type and what whoever wrote the value.
+// depending on the column type and whoever wrote the value.
 // [sqlite3.TimeFormat.Decode] may help.
 //
 // # Setting PRAGMAs
@@ -218,8 +241,9 @@ func (n *connector) Connect(ctx context.Context) (ret driver.Conn, err error) {
 		}
 	}()
 
-	old := c.Conn.SetInterrupt(ctx)
-	defer c.Conn.SetInterrupt(old)
+	if old := c.Conn.SetInterrupt(ctx); old != ctx {
+		defer c.Conn.SetInterrupt(old)
+	}
 
 	if !n.pragmas {
 		err = c.Conn.BusyTimeout(time.Minute)
@@ -339,8 +363,9 @@ func (c *conn) BeginTx(ctx context.Context, opts driver.TxOptions) (driver.Tx, e
 		c.txReset = `; PRAGMA query_only=` + string(c.readOnly)
 	}
 
-	old := c.Conn.SetInterrupt(ctx)
-	defer c.Conn.SetInterrupt(old)
+	if old := c.Conn.SetInterrupt(ctx); old != ctx {
+		defer c.Conn.SetInterrupt(old)
+	}
 
 	err := c.Conn.Exec(txBegin)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -358,13 +383,12 @@ func (c *conn) Commit() error {
 }
 
 func (c *conn) Rollback() error {
-	err := c.Conn.Exec(`ROLLBACK` + c.txReset)
-	if errors.Is(err, sqlite3.INTERRUPT) {
-		old := c.Conn.SetInterrupt(context.Background())
+	// ROLLBACK even if interrupted.
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	if old := c.Conn.SetInterrupt(ctx); old != ctx {
 		defer c.Conn.SetInterrupt(old)
-		err = c.Conn.Exec(`ROLLBACK` + c.txReset)
 	}
-	return err
+	return c.Conn.Exec(`ROLLBACK` + c.txReset)
 }
 
 func (c *conn) Prepare(query string) (driver.Stmt, error) {
@@ -373,8 +397,9 @@ func (c *conn) Prepare(query string) (driver.Stmt, error) {
 }
 
 func (c *conn) PrepareContext(ctx context.Context, query string) (driver.Stmt, error) {
-	old := c.Conn.SetInterrupt(ctx)
-	defer c.Conn.SetInterrupt(old)
+	if old := c.Conn.SetInterrupt(ctx); old != ctx {
+		defer c.Conn.SetInterrupt(old)
+	}
 
 	s, tail, err := c.Conn.Prepare(query)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -399,8 +424,9 @@ func (c *conn) ExecContext(ctx context.Context, query string, args []driver.Name
 		return resultRowsAffected(0), nil
 	}
 
-	old := c.Conn.SetInterrupt(ctx)
-	defer c.Conn.SetInterrupt(old)
+	if old := c.Conn.SetInterrupt(ctx); old != ctx {
+		defer c.Conn.SetInterrupt(old)
+	}
 
 	err := c.Conn.Exec(query)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -463,8 +489,10 @@ func (s *stmt) ExecContext(ctx context.Context, args []driver.NamedValue) (drive
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	old := s.Stmt.Conn().SetInterrupt(ctx)
-	defer s.Stmt.Conn().SetInterrupt(old)
+	c := s.Stmt.Conn()
+	if old := c.SetInterrupt(ctx); old != ctx {
+		defer c.SetInterrupt(old)
+	}
 
 	err = errors.Join(
 		s.Stmt.Exec(),
@@ -473,7 +501,7 @@ func (s *stmt) ExecContext(ctx context.Context, args []driver.NamedValue) (drive
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	return newResult(s.Stmt.Conn()), nil
+	return newResult(c), nil
 }
 
 func (s *stmt) QueryContext(ctx context.Context, args []driver.NamedValue) (driver.Rows, error) {
@@ -518,8 +546,8 @@ func (s *stmt) setupBindings(args []driver.NamedValue) (err error) {
 				err = s.Stmt.BindTime(id, a, s.tmWrite)
 			case util.JSON:
 				err = s.Stmt.BindJSON(id, a.Value)
-			case util.PointerUnwrap:
-				err = s.Stmt.BindPointer(id, util.UnwrapPointer(a))
+			case util.Pointer:
+				err = s.Stmt.BindPointer(id, a.Value)
 			case nil:
 				err = s.Stmt.BindNull(id)
 			default:
@@ -537,7 +565,7 @@ func (s *stmt) CheckNamedValue(arg *driver.NamedValue) error {
 	switch arg.Value.(type) {
 	case bool, int, int64, float64, string, []byte,
 		time.Time, sqlite3.ZeroBlob,
-		util.JSON, util.PointerUnwrap,
+		util.JSON, util.Pointer,
 		nil:
 		return nil
 	default:
@@ -576,15 +604,6 @@ func (r resultRowsAffected) RowsAffected() (int64, error) {
 	return int64(r), nil
 }
 
-type rows struct {
-	ctx context.Context
-	*stmt
-	names []string
-	types []string
-	nulls []bool
-	scans []scantype
-}
-
 type scantype byte
 
 const (
@@ -598,10 +617,42 @@ const (
 	_TIME
 )
 
+func scanFromDecl(decl string) scantype {
+	// These types are only used before we have rows,
+	// and otherwise as type hints.
+	// The first few ensure STRICT tables are strictly typed.
+	// The other two are type hints for booleans and time.
+	switch decl {
+	case "INT", "INTEGER":
+		return _INT
+	case "REAL":
+		return _REAL
+	case "TEXT":
+		return _TEXT
+	case "BLOB":
+		return _BLOB
+	case "BOOLEAN":
+		return _BOOL
+	case "DATE", "TIME", "DATETIME", "TIMESTAMP":
+		return _TIME
+	}
+	return _ANY
+}
+
+type rows struct {
+	ctx context.Context
+	*stmt
+	names []string
+	types []string
+	nulls []bool
+	scans []scantype
+}
+
 var (
 	// Ensure these interfaces are implemented:
 	_ driver.RowsColumnTypeDatabaseTypeName = &rows{}
 	_ driver.RowsColumnTypeNullable         = &rows{}
+	// _ driver.RowsColumnScanner           = &rows{}
 )
 
 func (r *rows) Close() error {
@@ -622,37 +673,33 @@ func (r *rows) Columns() []string {
 	return r.names
 }
 
+func (r *rows) scanType(index int) scantype {
+	if r.scans == nil {
+		count := r.Stmt.ColumnCount()
+		scans := make([]scantype, count)
+		for i := range scans {
+			scans[i] = scanFromDecl(strings.ToUpper(r.Stmt.ColumnDeclType(i)))
+		}
+		r.scans = scans
+	}
+	return r.scans[index]
+}
+
 func (r *rows) loadColumnMetadata() {
 	if r.nulls == nil {
+		c := r.Stmt.Conn()
 		count := r.Stmt.ColumnCount()
 		nulls := make([]bool, count)
 		types := make([]string, count)
 		scans := make([]scantype, count)
 		for i := range nulls {
 			if col := r.Stmt.ColumnOriginName(i); col != "" {
-				types[i], _, nulls[i], _, _, _ = r.Stmt.Conn().TableColumnMetadata(
+				types[i], _, nulls[i], _, _, _ = c.TableColumnMetadata(
 					r.Stmt.ColumnDatabaseName(i),
 					r.Stmt.ColumnTableName(i),
 					col)
 				types[i] = strings.ToUpper(types[i])
-				// These types are only used before we have rows,
-				// and otherwise as type hints.
-				// The first few ensure STRICT tables are strictly typed.
-				// The other two are type hints for booleans and time.
-				switch types[i] {
-				case "INT", "INTEGER":
-					scans[i] = _INT
-				case "REAL":
-					scans[i] = _REAL
-				case "TEXT":
-					scans[i] = _TEXT
-				case "BLOB":
-					scans[i] = _BLOB
-				case "BOOLEAN":
-					scans[i] = _BOOL
-				case "DATE", "TIME", "DATETIME", "TIMESTAMP":
-					scans[i] = _TIME
-				}
+				scans[i] = scanFromDecl(types[i])
 			}
 		}
 		r.nulls = nulls
@@ -661,27 +708,15 @@ func (r *rows) loadColumnMetadata() {
 	}
 }
 
-func (r *rows) declType(index int) string {
-	if r.types == nil {
-		count := r.Stmt.ColumnCount()
-		types := make([]string, count)
-		for i := range types {
-			types[i] = strings.ToUpper(r.Stmt.ColumnDeclType(i))
-		}
-		r.types = types
-	}
-	return r.types[index]
-}
-
 func (r *rows) ColumnTypeDatabaseTypeName(index int) string {
 	r.loadColumnMetadata()
-	decltype := r.types[index]
-	if len := len(decltype); len > 0 && decltype[len-1] == ')' {
-		if i := strings.LastIndexByte(decltype, '('); i >= 0 {
-			decltype = decltype[:i]
+	decl := r.types[index]
+	if len := len(decl); len > 0 && decl[len-1] == ')' {
+		if i := strings.LastIndexByte(decl, '('); i >= 0 {
+			decl = decl[:i]
 		}
 	}
-	return strings.TrimSpace(decltype)
+	return strings.TrimSpace(decl)
 }
 
 func (r *rows) ColumnTypeNullable(index int) (nullable, ok bool) {
@@ -706,7 +741,7 @@ func (r *rows) ColumnTypeScanType(index int) (typ reflect.Type) {
 		switch {
 		case scan == _TIME && val != _BLOB && val != _NULL:
 			t := r.Stmt.ColumnTime(index, r.tmRead)
-			useValType = t == time.Time{}
+			useValType = t.IsZero()
 		case scan == _BOOL && val == _INT:
 			i := r.Stmt.ColumnInt64(index)
 			useValType = i != 0 && i != 1
@@ -737,8 +772,10 @@ func (r *rows) ColumnTypeScanType(index int) (typ reflect.Type) {
 }
 
 func (r *rows) Next(dest []driver.Value) error {
-	old := r.Stmt.Conn().SetInterrupt(r.ctx)
-	defer r.Stmt.Conn().SetInterrupt(old)
+	c := r.Stmt.Conn()
+	if old := c.SetInterrupt(r.ctx); old != r.ctx {
+		defer c.SetInterrupt(old)
+	}
 
 	if !r.Stmt.Step() {
 		if err := r.Stmt.Err(); err != nil {
@@ -748,36 +785,69 @@ func (r *rows) Next(dest []driver.Value) error {
 	}
 
 	data := unsafe.Slice((*any)(unsafe.SliceData(dest)), len(dest))
-	err := r.Stmt.Columns(data...)
+	if err := r.Stmt.ColumnsRaw(data...); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
 	for i := range dest {
-		if t, ok := r.decodeTime(i, dest[i]); ok {
-			dest[i] = t
+		scan := r.scanType(i)
+		switch v := dest[i].(type) {
+		case int64:
+			if scan == _BOOL {
+				switch v {
+				case 1:
+					dest[i] = true
+				case 0:
+					dest[i] = false
+				}
+				continue
+			}
+		case []byte:
+			if len(v) == cap(v) { // a BLOB
+				continue
+			}
+			if scan != _TEXT {
+				switch r.tmWrite {
+				case "", time.RFC3339, time.RFC3339Nano:
+					t, ok := maybeTime(v)
+					if ok {
+						dest[i] = t
+						continue
+					}
+				}
+			}
+			dest[i] = string(v)
+		case float64:
+			break
+		default:
+			continue
+		}
+		if scan == _TIME {
+			t, err := r.tmRead.Decode(dest[i])
+			if err == nil {
+				dest[i] = t
+				continue
+			}
 		}
 	}
-	return err
+	return nil
 }
 
-func (r *rows) decodeTime(i int, v any) (_ time.Time, ok bool) {
-	switch v := v.(type) {
-	case int64, float64:
-		// could be a time value
-	case string:
-		if r.tmWrite != "" && r.tmWrite != time.RFC3339 && r.tmWrite != time.RFC3339Nano {
-			break
-		}
-		t, ok := maybeTime(v)
-		if ok {
-			return t, true
-		}
+func (r *rows) ScanColumn(dest any, index int) error {
+	// notest // Go 1.26
+	var ptr *time.Time
+	switch d := dest.(type) {
+	case *time.Time:
+		ptr = d
+	case *sql.NullTime:
+		ptr = &d.Time
+	case *sql.Null[time.Time]:
+		ptr = &d.V
 	default:
-		return
+		return driver.ErrSkip
 	}
-	switch r.declType(i) {
-	case "DATE", "TIME", "DATETIME", "TIMESTAMP":
-		// could be a time value
-	default:
-		return
+	if t := r.Stmt.ColumnTime(index, r.tmRead); !t.IsZero() {
+		*ptr = t
+		return nil
 	}
-	t, err := r.tmRead.Decode(v)
-	return t, err == nil
+	return driver.ErrSkip
 }

driver/driver_test.go

@@ -199,6 +199,64 @@ func Test_BeginTx(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func Test_nested_context(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+	tmp := memdb.TestDB(t)
+
+	db, err := sql.Open("sqlite3", tmp)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer db.Close()
+
+	tx, err := db.Begin()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer tx.Rollback()
+
+	outer, err := tx.Query(`SELECT value FROM generate_series(0)`)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer outer.Close()
+
+	want := func(rows *sql.Rows, want int) {
+		t.Helper()
+
+		var got int
+		rows.Next()
+		if err := rows.Scan(&got); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		if got != want {
+			t.Errorf("got %d, want %d", got, want)
+		}
+	}
+
+	want(outer, 0)
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	defer cancel()
+
+	inner, err := tx.QueryContext(ctx, `SELECT value FROM generate_series(0)`)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer inner.Close()
+
+	want(inner, 0)
+	cancel()
+
+	var terr interface{ Temporary() bool }
+	if inner.Next() || !errors.Is(inner.Err(), context.Canceled) &&
+		(!errors.As(inner.Err(), &terr) || !terr.Temporary()) {
+		t.Fatalf("got %v, want cancellation", inner.Err())
+	}
+
+	want(outer, 1)
+}
+
 func Test_Prepare(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 	tmp := memdb.TestDB(t)
@@ -467,3 +525,29 @@ func Test_ColumnType_ScanType(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 }
+
+func Benchmark_loop(b *testing.B) {
+	db, err := Open(":memory:")
+	if err != nil {
+		b.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer db.Close()
+
+	var version string
+	err = db.QueryRow(`SELECT sqlite_version();`).Scan(&version)
+	if err != nil {
+		b.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	b.Cleanup(cancel)
+
+	b.ResetTimer()
+	for range b.N {
+		_, err := db.ExecContext(ctx,
+			`WITH RECURSIVE c(x) AS (VALUES(1) UNION ALL SELECT x+1 FROM c WHERE x < 1000000) SELECT x FROM c;`)
+		if err != nil {
+			b.Fatal(err)
+		}
+	}
+}

driver/example2_test.go

@@ -1,9 +1,5 @@
-//go:build linux || darwin || windows || freebsd || openbsd || netbsd || dragonfly || illumos || sqlite3_flock || sqlite3_dotlk
-
 package driver_test
 
-// Adapted from: https://go.dev/doc/tutorial/database-access
-
 import (
 	"database/sql"
 	"database/sql/driver"
@@ -27,7 +23,7 @@ func Example_customTime() {
 	_, err = db.Exec(`
 		CREATE TABLE data (
 			id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
-			date_time TEXT
+			date_time ANY
 		) STRICT;
 	`)
 	if err != nil {

driver/time.go

@@ -1,12 +1,15 @@
 package driver
 
-import "time"
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"time"
+)
 
 // Convert a string in [time.RFC3339Nano] format into a [time.Time]
 // if it roundtrips back to the same string.
 // This way times can be persisted to, and recovered from, the database,
 // but if a string is needed, [database/sql] will recover the same string.
-func maybeTime(text string) (_ time.Time, _ bool) {
+func maybeTime(text []byte) (_ time.Time, _ bool) {
 	// Weed out (some) values that can't possibly be
 	// [time.RFC3339Nano] timestamps.
 	if len(text) < len("2006-01-02T15:04:05Z") {
@@ -21,8 +24,8 @@ func maybeTime(text string) (_ time.Time, _ bool) {
 
 	// Slow path.
 	var buf [len(time.RFC3339Nano)]byte
-	date, err := time.Parse(time.RFC3339Nano, text)
-	if err == nil && text == string(date.AppendFormat(buf[:0], time.RFC3339Nano)) {
+	date, err := time.Parse(time.RFC3339Nano, string(text))
+	if err == nil && bytes.Equal(text, date.AppendFormat(buf[:0], time.RFC3339Nano)) {
 		return date, true
 	}
 	return

driver/time_test.go

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ func Fuzz_stringOrTime_1(f *testing.F) {
 	f.Add("Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.")
 
 	f.Fuzz(func(t *testing.T, str string) {
-		v, ok := maybeTime(str)
+		v, ok := maybeTime([]byte(str))
 		if ok {
 			// Make sure times round-trip to the same string:
 			// https://pkg.go.dev/database/sql#Rows.Scan
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ func Fuzz_stringOrTime_2(f *testing.F) {
 	f.Add(int64(-763421161058), int64(222_222_222)) // twosday, year 22222BC
 
 	checkTime := func(t testing.TB, date time.Time) {
-		v, ok := maybeTime(date.Format(time.RFC3339Nano))
+		v, ok := maybeTime(date.AppendFormat(nil, time.RFC3339Nano))
 		if ok {
 			// Make sure times round-trip to the same time:
 			if !v.Equal(date) {

embed/README.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # Embeddable Wasm build of SQLite
 
-This folder includes an embeddable Wasm build of SQLite 3.49.1 for use with
+This folder includes an embeddable Wasm build of SQLite 3.50.4 for use with
 [`github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3`](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3).
 
 The following optional features are compiled in:

embed/bcw2/bcw2_test.go

@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ func Test_bcw2(t *testing.T) {
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
-	if version != "3.50.0" {
+	if version != "3.51.0" {
 		t.Error(version)
 	}
 }

embed/bcw2/build.sh

@@ -7,17 +7,18 @@ ROOT=../../
 BINARYEN="$ROOT/tools/binaryen/bin"
 WASI_SDK="$ROOT/tools/wasi-sdk/bin"
 
-trap 'rm -rf build/ sqlite/ bcw2.tmp' EXIT
+trap 'rm -rf sqlite/ build/ bcw2.tmp' EXIT
 
+mkdir -p sqlite/
 mkdir -p build/ext/
 cp "$ROOT"/sqlite3/*.[ch] build/
 cp "$ROOT"/sqlite3/*.patch build/
+cd sqlite/
 
-# https://sqlite.org/src/info/c09656c62155a6e8
-curl -# https://sqlite.org/src/tarball/sqlite.tar.gz?r=c09656c6 | tar xz
+# https://sqlite.org/src/info/ba2174bdca7d1d1a
+curl -#L https://github.com/sqlite/sqlite/archive/b46738f.tar.gz | tar xz --strip-components=1
+# curl -#L https://sqlite.org/src/tarball/sqlite.tar.gz?r=ba2174bdca | tar xz --strip-components=1
 
-cd sqlite
-cat ../repro.patch | patch -p0 --no-backup-if-mismatch
 if [[ "$OSTYPE" == "msys" || "$OSTYPE" == "cygwin" ]]; then
 	MSYS_NO_PATHCONV=1 nmake /f makefile.msc sqlite3.c "OPTS=-DSQLITE_ENABLE_UPDATE_DELETE_LIMIT -DSQLITE_ENABLE_ORDERED_SET_AGGREGATES"
 else
@@ -44,13 +45,14 @@ cd ~-
 
 "$WASI_SDK/clang" --target=wasm32-wasi -std=c23 -g0 -O2 \
 	-Wall -Wextra -Wno-unused-parameter -Wno-unused-function \
-	-o bcw2.wasm "build/main.c" \
-	-I"build" \
+	-o bcw2.wasm build/main.c \
+	-I"$ROOT/sqlite3/libc" -I"build" \
 	-mexec-model=reactor \
-	-msimd128 -mmutable-globals -mmultivalue \
-	-mbulk-memory -mreference-types \
-	-mnontrapping-fptoint -msign-ext \
-	-fno-stack-protector -fno-stack-clash-protection \
+	-mmutable-globals -mnontrapping-fptoint \
+	-msimd128 -mbulk-memory -msign-ext \
+	-mreference-types -mmultivalue \
+	-mno-extended-const \
+	-fno-stack-protector \
 	-Wl,--stack-first \
 	-Wl,--import-undefined \
 	-Wl,--initial-memory=327680 \
@@ -60,8 +62,9 @@ cd ~-
 	$(awk '{print "-Wl,--export="$0}' ../exports.txt)
 
 "$BINARYEN/wasm-ctor-eval" -g -c _initialize bcw2.wasm -o bcw2.tmp
-"$BINARYEN/wasm-opt" -g --strip --strip-producers -c -O3 \
-	bcw2.tmp -o bcw2.wasm \
-	--enable-simd --enable-mutable-globals --enable-multivalue \
-	--enable-bulk-memory --enable-reference-types \
-	--enable-nontrapping-float-to-int --enable-sign-ext
+"$BINARYEN/wasm-opt" -g bcw2.tmp -o bcw2.wasm \
+	--low-memory-unused --gufa --generate-global-effects --converge -O3 \
+	--enable-mutable-globals --enable-nontrapping-float-to-int \
+	--enable-simd --enable-bulk-memory --enable-sign-ext \
+	--enable-reference-types --enable-multivalue \
+	--strip --strip-producers

embed/bcw2/go.mod

@@ -1,14 +1,12 @@
 module github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/embed/bcw2
 
-go 1.23.0
+go 1.24.0
 
-toolchain go1.24.0
-
-require github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3 v0.24.0
+require github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3 v0.28.0
 
 require (
 	github.com/ncruces/julianday v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/ncruces/sort v0.1.5 // indirect
 	github.com/tetratelabs/wazero v1.9.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/sys v0.30.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.36.0 // indirect
 )

embed/bcw2/go.sum

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
-github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3 v0.24.0 h1:Z4jfmzu2NCd4SmyFwLT2OmF3EnTZbqwATvdiuNHNhLA=
-github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3 v0.24.0/go.mod h1:/Vs8ACZHjJ1SA6E9RZUn3EyB1OP3nDQ4z/ar+0fplTQ=
+github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3 v0.28.0 h1:AQVTUPgfamONl09LS+4rGFbHmLKM8/QrJJJi1UukjEQ=
+github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3 v0.28.0/go.mod h1:WqvLhYwtEiZzg1H8BIeahUv/DxbmR+3xG5jDHDiBAGk=
 github.com/ncruces/julianday v1.0.0 h1:fH0OKwa7NWvniGQtxdJRxAgkBMolni2BjDHaWTxqt7M=
 github.com/ncruces/julianday v1.0.0/go.mod h1:Dusn2KvZrrovOMJuOt0TNXL6tB7U2E8kvza5fFc9G7g=
 github.com/ncruces/sort v0.1.5 h1:fiFWXXAqKI8QckPf/6hu/bGFwcEPrirIOFaJqWujs4k=
 github.com/ncruces/sort v0.1.5/go.mod h1:obJToO4rYr6VWP0Uw5FYymgYGt3Br4RXcs/JdKaXAPk=
 github.com/tetratelabs/wazero v1.9.0 h1:IcZ56OuxrtaEz8UYNRHBrUa9bYeX9oVY93KspZZBf/I=
 github.com/tetratelabs/wazero v1.9.0/go.mod h1:TSbcXCfFP0L2FGkRPxHphadXPjo1T6W+CseNNY7EkjM=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.30.0 h1:QjkSwP/36a20jFYWkSue1YwXzLmsV5Gfq7Eiy72C1uc=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.30.0/go.mod h1:/VUhepiaJMQUp4+oa/7Zr1D23ma6VTLIYjOOTFZPUcA=
-golang.org/x/text v0.22.0 h1:bofq7m3/HAFvbF51jz3Q9wLg3jkvSPuiZu/pD1XwgtM=
-golang.org/x/text v0.22.0/go.mod h1:YRoo4H8PVmsu+E3Ou7cqLVH8oXWIHVoX0jqUWALQhfY=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.36.0 h1:KVRy2GtZBrk1cBYA7MKu5bEZFxQk4NIDV6RLVcC8o0k=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.36.0/go.mod h1:OgkHotnGiDImocRcuBABYBEXf8A9a87e/uXjp9XT3ks=
+golang.org/x/text v0.28.0 h1:rhazDwis8INMIwQ4tpjLDzUhx6RlXqZNPEM0huQojng=
+golang.org/x/text v0.28.0/go.mod h1:U8nCwOR8jO/marOQ0QbDiOngZVEBB7MAiitBuMjXiNU=

embed/bcw2/repro.patch

@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-# https://sqlite.org/src/vpatch?from=67809715977a5bad&to=3f57584710d61174
---- tool/mkpragmatab.tcl
-+++ tool/mkpragmatab.tcl
-@@ -526,14 +526,17 @@
-   puts $fd [format {#define PragFlg_%-10s 0x%02x /* %s */} \
-              $f $fv $flagMeaning($f)]
-   set fv [expr {$fv*2}]
- }
- 
--# Sort the column lists so that longer column lists occur first
-+# Sort the column lists so that longer column lists occur first.
-+# In the event of a tie, sort column lists lexicographically.
- #
- proc colscmp {a b} {
--  return [expr {[llength $b] - [llength $a]}]
-+  set rc [expr {[llength $b] - [llength $a]}]
-+  if {$rc} {return $rc}
-+  return [string compare $a $b]
- }
- set cols_list [lsort -command colscmp $cols_list]
- 
- # Generate the array of column names used by pragmas that act like
- # queries.

embed/build.sh

@@ -12,12 +12,13 @@ trap 'rm -f sqlite3.tmp' EXIT
 "$WASI_SDK/clang" --target=wasm32-wasi -std=c23 -g0 -O2 \
 	-Wall -Wextra -Wno-unused-parameter -Wno-unused-function \
 	-o sqlite3.wasm "$ROOT/sqlite3/main.c" \
-	-I"$ROOT/sqlite3" \
+	-I"$ROOT/sqlite3/libc" -I"$ROOT/sqlite3" \
 	-mexec-model=reactor \
-	-msimd128 -mmutable-globals -mmultivalue \
-	-mbulk-memory -mreference-types \
-	-mnontrapping-fptoint -msign-ext \
-	-fno-stack-protector -fno-stack-clash-protection \
+	-mmutable-globals -mnontrapping-fptoint \
+	-msimd128 -mbulk-memory -msign-ext \
+	-mreference-types -mmultivalue \
+	-mno-extended-const \
+	-fno-stack-protector \
 	-Wl,--stack-first \
 	-Wl,--import-undefined \
 	-Wl,--initial-memory=327680 \
@@ -26,8 +27,9 @@ trap 'rm -f sqlite3.tmp' EXIT
 	$(awk '{print "-Wl,--export="$0}' exports.txt)
 
 "$BINARYEN/wasm-ctor-eval" -g -c _initialize sqlite3.wasm -o sqlite3.tmp
-"$BINARYEN/wasm-opt" -g --strip --strip-producers -c -O3 \
-	sqlite3.tmp -o sqlite3.wasm \
-	--enable-simd --enable-mutable-globals --enable-multivalue \
-	--enable-bulk-memory --enable-reference-types \
-	--enable-nontrapping-float-to-int --enable-sign-ext
+"$BINARYEN/wasm-opt" -g sqlite3.tmp -o sqlite3.wasm \
+	--low-memory-unused --gufa --generate-global-effects --converge -O3 \
+	--enable-mutable-globals --enable-nontrapping-float-to-int \
+	--enable-simd --enable-bulk-memory --enable-sign-ext \
+	--enable-reference-types --enable-multivalue \
+	--strip --strip-producers

embed/exports.txt

@@ -66,6 +66,7 @@ sqlite3_errmsg
 sqlite3_error_offset
 sqlite3_errstr
 sqlite3_exec
+sqlite3_exec_go
 sqlite3_expanded_sql
 sqlite3_file_control
 sqlite3_filename_database
@@ -97,6 +98,7 @@ sqlite3_result_error_toobig
 sqlite3_result_int64
 sqlite3_result_null
 sqlite3_result_pointer_go
+sqlite3_result_subtype
 sqlite3_result_text_go
 sqlite3_result_value
 sqlite3_result_zeroblob64
@@ -125,6 +127,7 @@ sqlite3_value_int64
 sqlite3_value_nochange
 sqlite3_value_numeric_type
 sqlite3_value_pointer_go
+sqlite3_value_subtype
 sqlite3_value_text
 sqlite3_value_type
 sqlite3_vtab_collation

embed/init_test.go

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ func Test_init(t *testing.T) {
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
-	if version != "3.49.1" {
+	if version != "3.50.4" {
 		t.Error(version)
 	}
 }

error.go

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ package sqlite3
 
 import (
 	"errors"
-	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/internal/util"
@@ -12,7 +11,6 @@ import (
 //
 // https://sqlite.org/c3ref/errcode.html
 type Error struct {
-	str  string
 	msg  string
 	sql  string
 	code res_t
@@ -29,19 +27,13 @@ func (e *Error) Code() ErrorCode {
 //
 // https://sqlite.org/rescode.html
 func (e *Error) ExtendedCode() ExtendedErrorCode {
-	return ExtendedErrorCode(e.code)
+	return xErrorCode(e.code)
 }
 
 // Error implements the error interface.
 func (e *Error) Error() string {
 	var b strings.Builder
-	b.WriteString("sqlite3: ")
-
-	if e.str != "" {
-		b.WriteString(e.str)
-	} else {
-		b.WriteString(strconv.Itoa(int(e.code)))
-	}
+	b.WriteString(util.ErrorCodeString(uint32(e.code)))
 
 	if e.msg != "" {
 		b.WriteString(": ")
@@ -83,7 +75,7 @@ func (e *Error) As(err any) bool {
 
 // Temporary returns true for [BUSY] errors.
 func (e *Error) Temporary() bool {
-	return e.Code() == BUSY
+	return e.Code() == BUSY || e.Code() == INTERRUPT
 }
 
 // Timeout returns true for [BUSY_TIMEOUT] errors.
@@ -103,12 +95,12 @@ func (e ErrorCode) Error() string {
 
 // Temporary returns true for [BUSY] errors.
 func (e ErrorCode) Temporary() bool {
-	return e == BUSY
+	return e == BUSY || e == INTERRUPT
 }
 
 // ExtendedCode returns the extended error code for this error.
 func (e ErrorCode) ExtendedCode() ExtendedErrorCode {
-	return ExtendedErrorCode(e)
+	return xErrorCode(e)
 }
 
 // Error implements the error interface.
@@ -133,7 +125,7 @@ func (e ExtendedErrorCode) As(err any) bool {
 
 // Temporary returns true for [BUSY] errors.
 func (e ExtendedErrorCode) Temporary() bool {
-	return ErrorCode(e) == BUSY
+	return ErrorCode(e) == BUSY || ErrorCode(e) == INTERRUPT
 }
 
 // Timeout returns true for [BUSY_TIMEOUT] errors.

error_test.go

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ func TestError(t *testing.T) {
 	if !errors.Is(err, xErrorCode(0x8080)) {
 		t.Errorf("want true")
 	}
-	if s := err.Error(); s != "sqlite3: 32896" {
+	if s := err.Error(); s != "sqlite3: unknown error" {
 		t.Errorf("got %q", s)
 	}
 	if ok := errors.As(err.ExtendedCode(), &ecode); !ok || ecode != ErrorCode(0x80) {
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ func TestError_Temporary(t *testing.T) {
 				}
 			}
 			{
-				err := ExtendedErrorCode(tt.code)
+				err := xErrorCode(tt.code)
 				if got := err.Temporary(); got != tt.want {
 					t.Errorf("ExtendedErrorCode.Temporary(%d) = %v, want %v", tt.code, got, tt.want)
 				}
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ func TestError_Timeout(t *testing.T) {
 				}
 			}
 			{
-				err := ExtendedErrorCode(tt.code)
+				err := xErrorCode(tt.code)
 				if got := err.Timeout(); got != tt.want {
 					t.Errorf("Error.Timeout(%d) = %v, want %v", tt.code, got, tt.want)
 				}
@@ -156,12 +156,12 @@ func Test_ExtendedErrorCode_Error(t *testing.T) {
 	defer db.Close()
 
 	// Test all extended error codes.
-	for i := 0; i == int(ExtendedErrorCode(i)); i++ {
+	for i := 0; i == int(xErrorCode(i)); i++ {
 		want := "sqlite3: "
 		ptr := ptr_t(db.call("sqlite3_errstr", stk_t(i)))
 		want += util.ReadString(db.mod, ptr, _MAX_NAME)
 
-		got := ExtendedErrorCode(i).Error()
+		got := xErrorCode(i).Error()
 		if got != want {
 			t.Fatalf("got %q, want %q, with %d", got, want, i)
 		}

ext/README.md

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ you can load into your database connections.
 - [`github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/ext/statement`](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/ext/statement)
   creates [parameterized views](https://github.com/0x09/sqlite-statement-vtab).
 - [`github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/ext/stats`](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/ext/stats)
-  provides [statistics](https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/sql-in-a/9780596155322/ch04s02.html) functions.
+  provides [statistics](https://oreilly.com/library/view/sql-in-a/9780596155322/ch04s02.html) functions.
 - [`github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/ext/unicode`](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/ext/unicode)
   provides [Unicode aware](https://sqlite.org/src/dir/ext/icu) functions.
 - [`github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/ext/uuid`](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/ext/uuid)
@@ -38,11 +38,11 @@ you can load into your database connections.
 - [`github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/ext/zorder`](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/ext/zorder)
   maps multidimensional data to one dimension.
 
-### Pakages
+### Packages
 
 These packages may also be useful to work with SQLite:
 
 - [`github.com/ncruces/decimal`](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/ncruces/decimal)
   decimal arithmetic.
 - [`github.com/ncruces/julianday`](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/ncruces/julianday)
-  Julian day math.
+  Julian day math.

ext/blobio/blob_test.go

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package blobio_test
 
 import (
+	"database/sql"
 	"io"
 	"log"
 	"os"
@@ -34,7 +35,8 @@ func Example() {
 	const message = "Hello BLOB!"
 
 	// Create the BLOB.
-	r, err := db.Exec(`INSERT INTO test VALUES (?)`, sqlite3.ZeroBlob(len(message)))
+	r, err := db.Exec(`INSERT INTO test VALUES (:data)`,
+		sql.Named("data", sqlite3.ZeroBlob(len(message))))
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Fatal(err)
 	}
@@ -45,15 +47,19 @@ func Example() {
 	}
 
 	// Write the BLOB.
-	_, err = db.Exec(`SELECT writeblob('main', 'test', 'col', ?, 0, ?)`,
-		id, message)
+	_, err = db.Exec(`SELECT writeblob('main', 'test', 'col', :rowid, :offset, :message)`,
+		sql.Named("rowid", id),
+		sql.Named("offset", 0),
+		sql.Named("message", message))
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Fatal(err)
 	}
 
 	// Read the BLOB.
-	_, err = db.Exec(`SELECT readblob('main', 'test', 'col', ?, 0, ?)`,
-		id, sqlite3.Pointer(os.Stdout))
+	_, err = db.Exec(`SELECT readblob('main', 'test', 'col', :rowid, :offset, :writer)`,
+		sql.Named("rowid", id),
+		sql.Named("offset", 0),
+		sql.Named("writer", sqlite3.Pointer(os.Stdout)))
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Fatal(err)
 	}
@@ -64,7 +70,7 @@ func Example() {
 func TestMain(m *testing.M) {
 	sqlite3.AutoExtension(blobio.Register)
 	sqlite3.AutoExtension(array.Register)
-	m.Run()
+	os.Exit(m.Run())
 }
 
 func Test_readblob(t *testing.T) {
@@ -138,18 +144,16 @@ func Test_readblob(t *testing.T) {
 				}
 			}
 
-			if stmt.Step() {
-				got := stmt.ColumnText(0)
-				if got != tt.want1 {
-					t.Errorf("got %q", got)
-				}
+			if !stmt.Step() {
+				t.Fatal(stmt.Err())
+			} else if got := stmt.ColumnText(0); got != tt.want1 {
+				t.Errorf("got %q", got)
 			}
 
-			if stmt.Step() {
-				got := stmt.ColumnText(0)
-				if got != tt.want2 {
-					t.Errorf("got %q", got)
-				}
+			if !stmt.Step() {
+				t.Fatal(stmt.Err())
+			} else if got := stmt.ColumnText(0); got != tt.want2 {
+				t.Errorf("got %q", got)
 			}
 
 			err = stmt.Err()

ext/bloom/bloom_test.go

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ import (
 
 func TestMain(m *testing.M) {
 	sqlite3.AutoExtension(bloom.Register)
-	m.Run()
+	os.Exit(m.Run())
 }
 
 func TestRegister(t *testing.T) {

ext/closure/closure_test.go

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import (
 	_ "embed"
 	"fmt"
 	"log"
+	"os"
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3"
@@ -14,7 +15,7 @@ import (
 
 func TestMain(m *testing.M) {
 	sqlite3.AutoExtension(closure.Register)
-	m.Run()
+	os.Exit(m.Run())
 }
 
 func Example() {

ext/csv/csv_test.go

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package csv_test
 import (
 	"fmt"
 	"log"
+	"os"
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3"
@@ -56,7 +57,7 @@ func Example() {
 
 func TestMain(m *testing.M) {
 	sqlite3.AutoExtension(csv.Register)
-	m.Run()
+	os.Exit(m.Run())
 }
 
 func TestRegister(t *testing.T) {
@@ -146,20 +147,21 @@ func TestAffinity(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	defer stmt.Close()
 
-	if stmt.Step() {
-		if got := stmt.ColumnText(0); got != "1" {
-			t.Errorf("got %q want 1", got)
-		}
+	if !stmt.Step() {
+		t.Fatal(stmt.Err())
+	} else if got := stmt.ColumnText(0); got != "1" {
+		t.Errorf("got %q want 1", got)
 	}
-	if stmt.Step() {
-		if got := stmt.ColumnText(0); got != "0.1" {
-			t.Errorf("got %q want 0.1", got)
-		}
+	if !stmt.Step() {
+		t.Fatal(stmt.Err())
+	} else if got := stmt.ColumnText(0); got != "0.1" {
+		t.Errorf("got %q want 0.1", got)
 	}
-	if stmt.Step() {
-		if got := stmt.ColumnText(0); got != "e" {
-			t.Errorf("got %q want e", got)
-		}
+
+	if !stmt.Step() {
+		t.Fatal(stmt.Err())
+	} else if got := stmt.ColumnText(0); got != "e" {
+		t.Errorf("got %q want e", got)
 	}
 }
 

ext/fileio/fileio.go

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ func Register(db *sqlite3.Conn) error {
 	return RegisterFS(db, nil)
 }
 
-// Register registers SQL functions readfile, lsmode,
+// RegisterFS registers SQL functions readfile, lsmode,
 // and the table-valued function fsdir;
 // fsys will be used to read files and list directories.
 func RegisterFS(db *sqlite3.Conn, fsys fs.FS) error {

ext/ipaddr/ipaddr.go

@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+// Package ipaddr provides functions to manipulate IPs and CIDRs.
+//
+// It provides the following functions:
+//   - ipcontains(prefix, ip)
+//   - ipoverlaps(prefix1, prefix2)
+//   - ipfamily(ip/prefix)
+//   - iphost(ip/prefix)
+//   - ipmasklen(prefix)
+//   - ipnetwork(prefix)
+package ipaddr
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"net/netip"
+
+	"github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3"
+)
+
+// Register IP/CIDR functions for a database connection.
+func Register(db *sqlite3.Conn) error {
+	const flags = sqlite3.DETERMINISTIC | sqlite3.INNOCUOUS
+	return errors.Join(
+		db.CreateFunction("ipcontains", 2, flags, contains),
+		db.CreateFunction("ipoverlaps", 2, flags, overlaps),
+		db.CreateFunction("ipfamily", 1, flags, family),
+		db.CreateFunction("iphost", 1, flags, host),
+		db.CreateFunction("ipmasklen", 1, flags, masklen),
+		db.CreateFunction("ipnetwork", 1, flags, network))
+}
+
+func contains(ctx sqlite3.Context, arg ...sqlite3.Value) {
+	prefix, err := netip.ParsePrefix(arg[0].Text())
+	if err != nil {
+		ctx.ResultError(err)
+		return // notest
+	}
+	addr, err := netip.ParseAddr(arg[1].Text())
+	if err != nil {
+		ctx.ResultError(err)
+		return // notest
+	}
+	ctx.ResultBool(prefix.Contains(addr))
+}
+
+func overlaps(ctx sqlite3.Context, arg ...sqlite3.Value) {
+	prefix1, err := netip.ParsePrefix(arg[0].Text())
+	if err != nil {
+		ctx.ResultError(err)
+		return // notest
+	}
+	prefix2, err := netip.ParsePrefix(arg[0].Text())
+	if err != nil {
+		ctx.ResultError(err)
+		return // notest
+	}
+	ctx.ResultBool(prefix1.Overlaps(prefix2))
+}
+
+func family(ctx sqlite3.Context, arg ...sqlite3.Value) {
+	addr, err := addr(arg[0].Text())
+	if err != nil {
+		ctx.ResultError(err)
+		return // notest
+	}
+	switch {
+	case addr.Is4():
+		ctx.ResultInt(4)
+	case addr.Is6():
+		ctx.ResultInt(6)
+	}
+}
+
+func host(ctx sqlite3.Context, arg ...sqlite3.Value) {
+	addr, err := addr(arg[0].Text())
+	if err != nil {
+		ctx.ResultError(err)
+		return // notest
+	}
+	buf, _ := addr.MarshalText()
+	ctx.ResultRawText(buf)
+}
+
+func masklen(ctx sqlite3.Context, arg ...sqlite3.Value) {
+	prefix, err := netip.ParsePrefix(arg[0].Text())
+	if err != nil {
+		ctx.ResultError(err)
+		return // notest
+	}
+	ctx.ResultInt(prefix.Bits())
+}
+
+func network(ctx sqlite3.Context, arg ...sqlite3.Value) {
+	prefix, err := netip.ParsePrefix(arg[0].Text())
+	if err != nil {
+		ctx.ResultError(err)
+		return // notest
+	}
+	buf, _ := prefix.Masked().MarshalText()
+	ctx.ResultRawText(buf)
+}
+
+func addr(text string) (netip.Addr, error) {
+	addr, err := netip.ParseAddr(text)
+	if err != nil {
+		if prefix, err := netip.ParsePrefix(text); err == nil {
+			return prefix.Addr(), nil
+		}
+		if addrpt, err := netip.ParseAddrPort(text); err == nil {
+			return addrpt.Addr(), nil
+		}
+	}
+	return addr, err
+}

ext/ipaddr/ipaddr_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+package ipaddr_test
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/driver"
+	_ "github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/embed"
+	"github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/ext/ipaddr"
+	_ "github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/internal/testcfg"
+	"github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/vfs/memdb"
+)
+
+func TestRegister(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+	tmp := memdb.TestDB(t)
+
+	db, err := driver.Open(tmp, ipaddr.Register)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer db.Close()
+
+	var got string
+
+	err = db.QueryRow(`SELECT ipfamily('::1')`).Scan(&got)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if got != "6" {
+		t.Fatalf("got %s", got)
+	}
+
+	err = db.QueryRow(`SELECT ipfamily('[::1]:80')`).Scan(&got)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if got != "6" {
+		t.Fatalf("got %s", got)
+	}
+
+	err = db.QueryRow(`SELECT ipfamily('192.168.1.5/24')`).Scan(&got)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if got != "4" {
+		t.Fatalf("got %s", got)
+	}
+
+	err = db.QueryRow(`SELECT iphost('192.168.1.5/24')`).Scan(&got)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if got != "192.168.1.5" {
+		t.Fatalf("got %s", got)
+	}
+
+	err = db.QueryRow(`SELECT ipmasklen('192.168.1.5/24')`).Scan(&got)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if got != "24" {
+		t.Fatalf("got %s", got)
+	}
+
+	err = db.QueryRow(`SELECT ipnetwork('192.168.1.5/24')`).Scan(&got)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if got != "192.168.1.0/24" {
+		t.Fatalf("got %s", got)
+	}
+
+	err = db.QueryRow(`SELECT ipcontains('192.168.1.0/24', '192.168.1.5')`).Scan(&got)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if got != "1" {
+		t.Fatalf("got %s", got)
+	}
+
+	err = db.QueryRow(`SELECT ipoverlaps('192.168.1.0/24', '192.168.1.5/32')`).Scan(&got)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if got != "1" {
+		t.Fatalf("got %s", got)
+	}
+}

ext/pivot/pivot_test.go

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package pivot_test
 import (
 	"fmt"
 	"log"
+	"os"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
@@ -85,7 +86,7 @@ func Example() {
 
 func TestMain(m *testing.M) {
 	sqlite3.AutoExtension(pivot.Register)
-	m.Run()
+	os.Exit(m.Run())
 }
 
 func TestRegister(t *testing.T) {
@@ -140,10 +141,10 @@ func TestRegister(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	defer stmt.Close()
 
-	if stmt.Step() {
-		if got := stmt.ColumnInt(0); got != 3 {
-			t.Errorf("got %d, want 3", got)
-		}
+	if !stmt.Step() {
+		t.Fatal(stmt.Err())
+	} else if got := stmt.ColumnInt(0); got != 3 {
+		t.Errorf("got %d, want 3", got)
 	}
 
 	err = db.Exec(`ALTER TABLE v_x RENAME TO v_y`)

ext/regexp/regexp_test.go

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ func TestRegister(t *testing.T) {
 		{`regexp_instr('Hello', '.', 6)`, ""},
 		{`regexp_substr('Hello', 'el.')`, "ell"},
 		{`regexp_replace('Hello', 'llo', 'll')`, "Hell"},
-		// https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/functions-matching.html
+		// https://postgresql.org/docs/current/functions-matching.html
 		{`regexp_count('ABCABCAXYaxy', 'A.')`, "3"},
 		{`regexp_count('ABCABCAXYaxy', '(?i)A.', 1)`, "4"},
 		{`regexp_instr('number of your street, town zip, FR', '[^,]+', 1, 2)`, "23"},

ext/serdes/serdes.go

@@ -2,9 +2,8 @@
 package serdes
 
 import (
-	"io"
-
 	"github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3"
+	"github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/util/vfsutil"
 	"github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/vfs"
 )
 
@@ -14,16 +13,16 @@ func init() {
 	vfs.Register(vfsName, sliceVFS{})
 }
 
-var fileToOpen = make(chan *sliceFile, 1)
+var fileToOpen = make(chan *[]byte, 1)
 
 // Serialize backs up a database into a byte slice.
 //
 // https://sqlite.org/c3ref/serialize.html
 func Serialize(db *sqlite3.Conn, schema string) ([]byte, error) {
-	var file sliceFile
+	var file []byte
 	fileToOpen <- &file
-	err := db.Backup(schema, "file:serdes.db?vfs="+vfsName)
-	return file.data, err
+	err := db.Backup(schema, "file:serdes.db?nolock=1&vfs="+vfsName)
+	return file, err
 }
 
 // Deserialize restores a database from a byte slice,
@@ -41,8 +40,8 @@ func Serialize(db *sqlite3.Conn, schema string) ([]byte, error) {
 // ["memdb"]: https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/vfs/memdb
 // ["reader"]: https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/vfs/readervfs
 func Deserialize(db *sqlite3.Conn, schema string, data []byte) error {
-	fileToOpen <- &sliceFile{data}
-	return db.Restore(schema, "file:serdes.db?vfs="+vfsName)
+	fileToOpen <- &data
+	return db.Restore(schema, "file:serdes.db?immutable=1&vfs="+vfsName)
 }
 
 type sliceVFS struct{}
@@ -53,14 +52,14 @@ func (sliceVFS) Open(name string, flags vfs.OpenFlag) (vfs.File, vfs.OpenFlag, e
 	}
 	select {
 	case file := <-fileToOpen:
-		return file, flags | vfs.OPEN_MEMORY, nil
+		return (*vfsutil.SliceFile)(file), flags | vfs.OPEN_MEMORY, nil
 	default:
 		return nil, flags, sqlite3.MISUSE
 	}
 }
 
 func (sliceVFS) Delete(name string, dirSync bool) error {
-	// notest // OPEN_MEMORY
+	// notest // no journals to delete
 	return sqlite3.IOERR_DELETE
 }
 
@@ -71,70 +70,3 @@ func (sliceVFS) Access(name string, flag vfs.AccessFlag) (bool, error) {
 func (sliceVFS) FullPathname(name string) (string, error) {
 	return name, nil
 }
-
-type sliceFile struct{ data []byte }
-
-func (f *sliceFile) ReadAt(b []byte, off int64) (n int, err error) {
-	if d := f.data; off < int64(len(d)) {
-		n = copy(b, d[off:])
-	}
-	if n == 0 {
-		err = io.EOF
-	}
-	return
-}
-
-func (f *sliceFile) WriteAt(b []byte, off int64) (n int, err error) {
-	if d := f.data; off > int64(len(d)) {
-		f.data = append(d, make([]byte, off-int64(len(d)))...)
-	}
-	d := append(f.data[:off], b...)
-	if len(d) > len(f.data) {
-		f.data = d
-	}
-	return len(b), nil
-}
-
-func (f *sliceFile) Size() (int64, error) {
-	return int64(len(f.data)), nil
-}
-
-func (f *sliceFile) Truncate(size int64) error {
-	if d := f.data; size < int64(len(d)) {
-		f.data = d[:size]
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (f *sliceFile) SizeHint(size int64) error {
-	if d := f.data; size > int64(len(d)) {
-		f.data = append(d, make([]byte, size-int64(len(d)))...)
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (*sliceFile) Close() error { return nil }
-
-func (*sliceFile) Sync(flag vfs.SyncFlag) error { return nil }
-
-func (*sliceFile) Lock(lock vfs.LockLevel) error { return nil }
-
-func (*sliceFile) Unlock(lock vfs.LockLevel) error { return nil }
-
-func (*sliceFile) CheckReservedLock() (bool, error) {
-	// notest // OPEN_MEMORY
-	return false, nil
-}
-
-func (*sliceFile) SectorSize() int {
-	// notest // IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE
-	return 0
-}
-
-func (*sliceFile) DeviceCharacteristics() vfs.DeviceCharacteristic {
-	return vfs.IOCAP_ATOMIC |
-		vfs.IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND |
-		vfs.IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL |
-		vfs.IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE |
-		vfs.IOCAP_SUBPAGE_READ
-}

ext/serdes/serdes_test.go

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package serdes_test
 
 import (
+	_ "embed"
 	"errors"
 	"io"
 	"net/http"
@@ -11,7 +12,30 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/ext/serdes"
 )
 
-func TestDeserialize(t *testing.T) {
+//go:embed testdata/wal.db
+var walDB []byte
+
+func Test_wal(t *testing.T) {
+	db, err := sqlite3.Open("testdata/wal.db")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer db.Close()
+
+	data, err := serdes.Serialize(db, "main")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	compareDBs(t, data, walDB)
+
+	err = serdes.Deserialize(db, "temp", walDB)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+}
+
+func Test_northwind(t *testing.T) {
 	if testing.Short() {
 		t.Skip("skipping in short mode")
 	}
@@ -37,10 +61,14 @@ func TestDeserialize(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 
-	if len(input) != len(output) {
+	compareDBs(t, input, output)
+}
+
+func compareDBs(t *testing.T, a, b []byte) {
+	if len(a) != len(b) {
 		t.Fatal("lengths are different")
 	}
-	for i := range input {
+	for i := range a {
 		// These may be different.
 		switch {
 		case 24 <= i && i < 28:
@@ -53,14 +81,14 @@ func TestDeserialize(t *testing.T) {
 			// SQLite version that wrote the file.
 			continue
 		}
-		if input[i] != output[i] {
-			t.Errorf("difference at %d: %d %d", i, input[i], output[i])
+		if a[i] != b[i] {
+			t.Errorf("difference at %d: %d %d", i, a[i], b[i])
 		}
 	}
 }
 
 func httpGet() ([]byte, error) {
-	res, err := http.Get("https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jpwhite3/northwind-SQLite3/refs/heads/main/dist/northwind.db")
+	res, err := http.Get("https://github.com/jpwhite3/northwind-SQLite3/raw/refs/heads/main/dist/northwind.db")
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}

ext/statement/stmt_test.go

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package statement_test
 import (
 	"fmt"
 	"log"
+	"os"
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3"
@@ -50,7 +51,7 @@ func Example() {
 
 func TestMain(m *testing.M) {
 	sqlite3.AutoExtension(statement.Register)
-	m.Run()
+	os.Exit(m.Run())
 }
 
 func TestRegister(t *testing.T) {
@@ -91,7 +92,9 @@ func TestRegister(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	defer stmt.Close()
 
-	if stmt.Step() {
+	if !stmt.Step() {
+		t.Fatal(stmt.Err())
+	} else {
 		x := stmt.ColumnInt(0)
 		y := stmt.ColumnInt(1)
 		hypot := stmt.ColumnInt(2)

ext/stats/TODO.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # ANSI SQL Aggregate Functions
 
-https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/sql-in-a/9780596155322/ch04s02.html
+https://oreilly.com/library/view/sql-in-a/9780596155322/ch04s02.html
 
 ## Built in aggregates
 

ext/stats/boolean_test.go

@@ -37,7 +37,9 @@ func TestRegister_boolean(t *testing.T) {
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
-	if stmt.Step() {
+	if !stmt.Step() {
+		t.Fatal(stmt.Err())
+	} else {
 		if got := stmt.ColumnBool(0); got != true {
 			t.Errorf("got %v, want true", got)
 		}

ext/stats/mode.go

@@ -19,8 +19,8 @@ type mode struct {
 
 func (m mode) Value(ctx sqlite3.Context) {
 	var (
-		max = 0
 		typ = sqlite3.NULL
+		max uint
 		i64 int64
 		f64 float64
 		str string
@@ -32,7 +32,6 @@ func (m mode) Value(ctx sqlite3.Context) {
 			i64 = k
 		}
 	}
-	f64 = float64(i64)
 	for k, v := range m.reals {
 		if v > max || v == max && k < f64 {
 			typ = sqlite3.FLOAT
@@ -66,33 +65,45 @@ func (m mode) Value(ctx sqlite3.Context) {
 	}
 }
 
-func (b *mode) Step(ctx sqlite3.Context, arg ...sqlite3.Value) {
+func (m *mode) Step(ctx sqlite3.Context, arg ...sqlite3.Value) {
 	switch arg[0].Type() {
 	case sqlite3.INTEGER:
-		b.ints.add(arg[0].Int64())
+		if m.reals == nil {
+			m.ints.add(arg[0].Int64())
+			break
+		}
+		fallthrough
 	case sqlite3.FLOAT:
-		b.reals.add(arg[0].Float())
+		m.reals.add(arg[0].Float())
+		for k, v := range m.ints {
+			m.reals[float64(k)] += v
+		}
+		m.ints = nil
 	case sqlite3.TEXT:
-		b.texts.add(arg[0].Text())
+		m.texts.add(arg[0].Text())
 	case sqlite3.BLOB:
-		b.blobs.add(string(arg[0].RawBlob()))
+		m.blobs.add(string(arg[0].RawBlob()))
 	}
 }
 
-func (b *mode) Inverse(ctx sqlite3.Context, arg ...sqlite3.Value) {
+func (m *mode) Inverse(ctx sqlite3.Context, arg ...sqlite3.Value) {
 	switch arg[0].Type() {
 	case sqlite3.INTEGER:
-		b.ints.del(arg[0].Int64())
+		if m.reals == nil {
+			m.ints.del(arg[0].Int64())
+			break
+		}
+		fallthrough
 	case sqlite3.FLOAT:
-		b.reals.del(arg[0].Float())
+		m.reals.del(arg[0].Float())
 	case sqlite3.TEXT:
-		b.texts.del(arg[0].Text())
+		m.texts.del(arg[0].Text())
 	case sqlite3.BLOB:
-		b.blobs.del(string(arg[0].RawBlob()))
+		m.blobs.del(string(arg[0].RawBlob()))
 	}
 }
 
-type counter[T comparable] map[T]int
+type counter[T comparable] map[T]uint
 
 func (c *counter[T]) add(k T) {
 	if (*c) == nil {
@@ -102,11 +113,9 @@ func (c *counter[T]) add(k T) {
 }
 
 func (c counter[T]) del(k T) {
-	switch n := c[k]; n {
-	default:
-		c[k] = n - 1
-	case 1:
+	if n := c[k]; n == 1 {
 		delete(c, k)
-	case 0:
+	} else {
+		c[k] = n - 1
 	}
 }

ext/stats/mode_test.go

@@ -21,10 +21,10 @@ func TestRegister_mode(t *testing.T) {
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
-	if stmt.Step() {
-		if got := stmt.ColumnInt(0); got != 3 {
-			t.Errorf("got %v, want 3", got)
-		}
+	if !stmt.Step() {
+		t.Fatal(stmt.Err())
+	} else if got := stmt.ColumnInt(0); got != 3 {
+		t.Errorf("got %v, want 3", got)
 	}
 	stmt.Close()
 
@@ -32,10 +32,10 @@ func TestRegister_mode(t *testing.T) {
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
-	if stmt.Step() {
-		if got := stmt.ColumnInt(0); got != 1 {
-			t.Errorf("got %v, want 1", got)
-		}
+	if !stmt.Step() {
+		t.Fatal(stmt.Err())
+	} else if got := stmt.ColumnInt(0); got != 1 {
+		t.Errorf("got %v, want 1", got)
 	}
 	stmt.Close()
 
@@ -43,10 +43,10 @@ func TestRegister_mode(t *testing.T) {
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
-	if stmt.Step() {
-		if got := stmt.ColumnFloat(0); got != 2.5 {
-			t.Errorf("got %v, want 2.5", got)
-		}
+	if !stmt.Step() {
+		t.Fatal(stmt.Err())
+	} else if got := stmt.ColumnFloat(0); got != 2.5 {
+		t.Errorf("got %v, want 2.5", got)
 	}
 	stmt.Close()
 
@@ -54,21 +54,22 @@ func TestRegister_mode(t *testing.T) {
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
-	if stmt.Step() {
-		if got := stmt.ColumnText(0); got != "red" {
-			t.Errorf("got %q, want red", got)
-		}
+	if !stmt.Step() {
+		t.Fatal(stmt.Err())
+	} else if got := stmt.ColumnText(0); got != "red" {
+		t.Errorf("got %q, want red", got)
 	}
+
 	stmt.Close()
 
 	stmt, _, err = db.Prepare(`SELECT mode(column1) FROM (VALUES (X'cafebabe'), ('green'), ('blue'), (X'cafebabe'))`)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
-	if stmt.Step() {
-		if got := stmt.ColumnText(0); got != "\xca\xfe\xba\xbe" {
-			t.Errorf("got %q, want cafebabe", got)
-		}
+	if !stmt.Step() {
+		t.Fatal(stmt.Err())
+	} else if got := stmt.ColumnText(0); got != "\xca\xfe\xba\xbe" {
+		t.Errorf("got %q, want cafebabe", got)
 	}
 	stmt.Close()
 
@@ -82,4 +83,20 @@ func TestRegister_mode(t *testing.T) {
 	for stmt.Step() {
 	}
 	stmt.Close()
+
+	stmt, _, err = db.Prepare(`SELECT mode(column1) FROM (VALUES (?), (?), (?), (?), (?))`)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	stmt.BindInt(1, 1)
+	stmt.BindInt(2, 1)
+	stmt.BindInt(3, 2)
+	stmt.BindFloat(4, 2)
+	stmt.BindFloat(5, 2)
+	if !stmt.Step() {
+		t.Fatal(stmt.Err())
+	} else if got := stmt.ColumnInt(0); got != 2 {
+		t.Errorf("got %v, want 2", got)
+	}
+	stmt.Close()
 }

ext/stats/percentile_test.go

@@ -38,7 +38,9 @@ func TestRegister_percentile(t *testing.T) {
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
-	if stmt.Step() {
+	if !stmt.Step() {
+		t.Fatal(stmt.Err())
+	} else {
 		if got := stmt.ColumnFloat(0); got != 10 {
 			t.Errorf("got %v, want 10", got)
 		}
@@ -65,30 +67,30 @@ func TestRegister_percentile(t *testing.T) {
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
-	if stmt.Step() {
-		if got := stmt.ColumnFloat(0); got != 5.5 {
-			t.Errorf("got %v, want 5.5", got)
-		}
+	if !stmt.Step() {
+		t.Fatal(stmt.Err())
+	} else if got := stmt.ColumnFloat(0); got != 5.5 {
+		t.Errorf("got %v, want 5.5", got)
 	}
-	if stmt.Step() {
-		if got := stmt.ColumnFloat(0); got != 7 {
-			t.Errorf("got %v, want 7", got)
-		}
+	if !stmt.Step() {
+		t.Fatal(stmt.Err())
+	} else if got := stmt.ColumnFloat(0); got != 7 {
+		t.Errorf("got %v, want 7", got)
 	}
-	if stmt.Step() {
-		if got := stmt.ColumnFloat(0); got != 10 {
-			t.Errorf("got %v, want 10", got)
-		}
+	if !stmt.Step() {
+		t.Fatal(stmt.Err())
+	} else if got := stmt.ColumnFloat(0); got != 10 {
+		t.Errorf("got %v, want 10", got)
 	}
-	if stmt.Step() {
-		if got := stmt.ColumnFloat(0); got != 14.5 {
-			t.Errorf("got %v, want 14.5", got)
-		}
+	if !stmt.Step() {
+		t.Fatal(stmt.Err())
+	} else if got := stmt.ColumnFloat(0); got != 14.5 {
+		t.Errorf("got %v, want 14.5", got)
 	}
-	if stmt.Step() {
-		if got := stmt.ColumnFloat(0); got != 16 {
-			t.Errorf("got %v, want 16", got)
-		}
+	if !stmt.Step() {
+		t.Fatal(stmt.Err())
+	} else if got := stmt.ColumnFloat(0); got != 16 {
+		t.Errorf("got %v, want 16", got)
 	}
 	stmt.Close()
 
@@ -103,7 +105,9 @@ func TestRegister_percentile(t *testing.T) {
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
-	if stmt.Step() {
+	if !stmt.Step() {
+		t.Fatal(stmt.Err())
+	} else {
 		if got := stmt.ColumnFloat(0); got != 4 {
 			t.Errorf("got %v, want 4", got)
 		}
@@ -134,7 +138,9 @@ func TestRegister_percentile(t *testing.T) {
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
-	if stmt.Step() {
+	if !stmt.Step() {
+		t.Fatal(stmt.Err())
+	} else {
 		if got := stmt.ColumnType(0); got != sqlite3.NULL {
 			t.Error("want NULL")
 		}

ext/stats/stats.go

@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@
 //
 // [Built-in Aggregate Functions]: https://sqlite.org/lang_aggfunc.html
 // [Built-in Window Functions]: https://sqlite.org/windowfunctions.html#builtins
-// [ANSI SQL Aggregate Functions]: https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/sql-in-a/9780596155322/ch04s02.html
+// [ANSI SQL Aggregate Functions]: https://oreilly.com/library/view/sql-in-a/9780596155322/ch04s02.html
 package stats
 
 import (
@@ -58,8 +58,11 @@ import (
 
 // Register registers statistics functions.
 func Register(db *sqlite3.Conn) error {
-	const flags = sqlite3.DETERMINISTIC | sqlite3.INNOCUOUS
-	const order = sqlite3.SELFORDER1 | flags
+	const (
+		flags = sqlite3.DETERMINISTIC | sqlite3.INNOCUOUS
+		json  = sqlite3.RESULT_SUBTYPE | flags
+		order = sqlite3.SELFORDER1 | flags
+	)
 	return errors.Join(
 		db.CreateWindowFunction("var_pop", 1, flags, newVariance(var_pop)),
 		db.CreateWindowFunction("var_samp", 1, flags, newVariance(var_samp)),
@@ -81,7 +84,7 @@ func Register(db *sqlite3.Conn) error {
 		db.CreateWindowFunction("regr_slope", 2, flags, newCovariance(regr_slope)),
 		db.CreateWindowFunction("regr_intercept", 2, flags, newCovariance(regr_intercept)),
 		db.CreateWindowFunction("regr_count", 2, flags, newCovariance(regr_count)),
-		db.CreateWindowFunction("regr_json", 2, flags, newCovariance(regr_json)),
+		db.CreateWindowFunction("regr_json", 2, json, newCovariance(regr_json)),
 		db.CreateWindowFunction("median", 1, order, newPercentile(median)),
 		db.CreateWindowFunction("percentile", 2, order, newPercentile(percentile_100)),
 		db.CreateWindowFunction("percentile_cont", 2, order, newPercentile(percentile_cont)),
@@ -227,6 +230,7 @@ func (fn *covariance) Value(ctx sqlite3.Context) {
 	case regr_json:
 		var buf [128]byte
 		ctx.ResultRawText(fn.regr_json(buf[:0]))
+		ctx.ResultSubtype('J')
 		return
 	}
 	ctx.ResultFloat(r)

ext/stats/stats_test.go

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package stats_test
 
 import (
 	"math"
+	"os"
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3"
@@ -12,7 +13,7 @@ import (
 
 func TestMain(m *testing.M) {
 	sqlite3.AutoExtension(stats.Register)
-	m.Run()
+	os.Exit(m.Run())
 }
 
 func TestRegister_variance(t *testing.T) {
@@ -33,10 +34,10 @@ func TestRegister_variance(t *testing.T) {
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
-	if stmt.Step() {
-		if got := stmt.ColumnType(0); got != sqlite3.NULL {
-			t.Errorf("got %v, want NULL", got)
-		}
+	if !stmt.Step() {
+		t.Fatal(stmt.Err())
+	} else if got := stmt.ColumnType(0); got != sqlite3.NULL {
+		t.Errorf("got %v, want NULL", got)
 	}
 	stmt.Close()
 
@@ -56,7 +57,9 @@ func TestRegister_variance(t *testing.T) {
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
-	if stmt.Step() {
+	if !stmt.Step() {
+		t.Fatal(stmt.Err())
+	} else {
 		if got := stmt.ColumnFloat(0); got != 40 {
 			t.Errorf("got %v, want 40", got)
 		}
@@ -130,7 +133,9 @@ func TestRegister_covariance(t *testing.T) {
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
-	if stmt.Step() {
+	if !stmt.Step() {
+		t.Fatal(stmt.Err())
+	} else {
 		if got := stmt.ColumnInt(0); got != 0 {
 			t.Errorf("got %v, want 0", got)
 		}
@@ -155,49 +160,50 @@ func TestRegister_covariance(t *testing.T) {
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
-	if stmt.Step() {
-		if got := stmt.ColumnFloat(0); got != 0.9881049293224639 {
-			t.Errorf("got %v, want 0.9881049293224639", got)
-		}
-		if got := stmt.ColumnFloat(1); got != 21.25 {
-			t.Errorf("got %v, want 21.25", got)
-		}
-		if got := stmt.ColumnFloat(2); got != 17 {
-			t.Errorf("got %v, want 17", got)
-		}
-		if got := stmt.ColumnFloat(3); got != 4.2 {
-			t.Errorf("got %v, want 4.2", got)
-		}
-		if got := stmt.ColumnFloat(4); got != 75 {
-			t.Errorf("got %v, want 75", got)
-		}
-		if got := stmt.ColumnFloat(5); got != 14.8 {
-			t.Errorf("got %v, want 14.8", got)
-		}
-		if got := stmt.ColumnFloat(6); got != 500 {
-			t.Errorf("got %v, want 500", got)
-		}
-		if got := stmt.ColumnFloat(7); got != 85 {
-			t.Errorf("got %v, want 85", got)
-		}
-		if got := stmt.ColumnFloat(8); got != 0.17 {
-			t.Errorf("got %v, want 0.17", got)
-		}
-		if got := stmt.ColumnFloat(9); got != -8.55 {
-			t.Errorf("got %v, want -8.55", got)
-		}
-		if got := stmt.ColumnFloat(10); got != 0.9763513513513513 {
-			t.Errorf("got %v, want 0.9763513513513513", got)
-		}
-		if got := stmt.ColumnInt(11); got != 5 {
-			t.Errorf("got %v, want 5", got)
-		}
-		var a map[string]float64
-		if err := stmt.ColumnJSON(12, &a); err != nil {
-			t.Error(err)
-		} else if got := a["count"]; got != 5 {
-			t.Errorf("got %v, want 5", got)
-		}
+	if !stmt.Step() {
+		t.Fatal(stmt.Err())
+	}
+	if got := stmt.ColumnFloat(0); got != 0.9881049293224639 {
+		t.Errorf("got %v, want 0.9881049293224639", got)
+	}
+	if got := stmt.ColumnFloat(1); got != 21.25 {
+		t.Errorf("got %v, want 21.25", got)
+	}
+	if got := stmt.ColumnFloat(2); got != 17 {
+		t.Errorf("got %v, want 17", got)
+	}
+	if got := stmt.ColumnFloat(3); got != 4.2 {
+		t.Errorf("got %v, want 4.2", got)
+	}
+	if got := stmt.ColumnFloat(4); got != 75 {
+		t.Errorf("got %v, want 75", got)
+	}
+	if got := stmt.ColumnFloat(5); got != 14.8 {
+		t.Errorf("got %v, want 14.8", got)
+	}
+	if got := stmt.ColumnFloat(6); got != 500 {
+		t.Errorf("got %v, want 500", got)
+	}
+	if got := stmt.ColumnFloat(7); got != 85 {
+		t.Errorf("got %v, want 85", got)
+	}
+	if got := stmt.ColumnFloat(8); got != 0.17 {
+		t.Errorf("got %v, want 0.17", got)
+	}
+	if got := stmt.ColumnFloat(9); got != -8.55 {
+		t.Errorf("got %v, want -8.55", got)
+	}
+	if got := stmt.ColumnFloat(10); got != 0.9763513513513513 {
+		t.Errorf("got %v, want 0.9763513513513513", got)
+	}
+	if got := stmt.ColumnInt(11); got != 5 {
+		t.Errorf("got %v, want 5", got)
+	}
+	var a map[string]float64
+	if err := stmt.ColumnJSON(12, &a); err != nil {
+		t.Error(err)
+	} else if got := a["count"]; got != 5 {
+		t.Errorf("got %v, want 5", got)
 	}
 	stmt.Close()
 
@@ -247,7 +253,9 @@ func Benchmark_average(b *testing.B) {
 		b.Fatal(err)
 	}
 
-	if stmt.Step() {
+	if !stmt.Step() {
+		b.Fatal(stmt.Err())
+	} else {
 		want := float64(b.N) / 2
 		if got := stmt.ColumnFloat(0); got != want {
 			b.Errorf("got %v, want %v", got, want)
@@ -281,7 +289,9 @@ func Benchmark_variance(b *testing.B) {
 		b.Fatal(err)
 	}
 
-	if stmt.Step() && b.N > 100 {
+	if !stmt.Step() {
+		b.Fatal(stmt.Err())
+	} else if b.N > 100 {
 		want := float64(b.N*b.N) / 12
 		if got := stmt.ColumnFloat(0); want > (got-want)*float64(b.N) {
 			b.Errorf("got %v, want %v", got, want)

ext/unicode/unicode.go

@@ -1,21 +1,22 @@
 // Package unicode provides an alternative to the SQLite ICU extension.
 //
 // Like the [ICU extension], it provides Unicode aware:
-//   - upper() and lower() functions,
-//   - LIKE and REGEXP operators,
-//   - collation sequences.
+//   - upper() and lower() functions
+//   - LIKE and REGEXP operators
+//   - collation sequences
 //
-// The implementation is not 100% compatible with the [ICU extension]:
-//   - upper() and lower() use [strings.ToUpper], [strings.ToLower] and [cases];
-//   - the LIKE operator follows [strings.EqualFold] rules;
-//   - the REGEXP operator uses Go [regexp/syntax];
-//   - collation sequences use [collate].
+// Like PostgreSQL, it also provides:
+//   - initcap()
+//   - casefold()
+//   - normalize()
+//   - unaccent()
 //
-// It also provides (approximately) from PostgreSQL:
-//   - casefold(),
-//   - initcap(),
-//   - normalize(),
-//   - unaccent().
+// The implementations are not 100% compatible:
+//   - upper(), lower(), initcap() casefold() use [strings.ToUpper], [strings.ToLower], [strings.Title] and [cases]
+//   - normalize(), unaccent() use [transform] and [unicode.Mn]
+//   - the LIKE operator follows [strings.EqualFold] rules
+//   - the REGEXP operator uses Go [regexp/syntax]
+//   - collation sequences use [collate]
 //
 // Expect subtle differences (e.g.) in the handling of Turkish case folding.
 //
@@ -27,6 +28,7 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"regexp"
 	"strings"
+	"sync"
 	"unicode"
 	"unicode/utf8"
 
@@ -41,7 +43,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/internal/util"
 )
 
-// Set RegisterLike to false to not register a Unicode aware LIKE operator.
+// RegisterLike must be set to false to not register a Unicode aware LIKE operator.
 // Overriding the built-in LIKE operator disables the [LIKE optimization].
 //
 // [LIKE optimization]: https://sqlite.org/optoverview.html#the_like_optimization
@@ -159,8 +161,16 @@ func casefold(ctx sqlite3.Context, arg ...sqlite3.Value) {
 	ctx.ResultRawText(cases.Fold().Bytes(arg[0].RawText()))
 }
 
+var unaccentPool = sync.Pool{
+	New: func() any {
+		return transform.Chain(norm.NFD, runes.Remove(runes.In(unicode.Mn)), norm.NFC)
+	},
+}
+
 func unaccent(ctx sqlite3.Context, arg ...sqlite3.Value) {
-	unaccent := transform.Chain(norm.NFD, runes.Remove(runes.In(unicode.Mn)), norm.NFC)
+	unaccent := unaccentPool.Get().(transform.Transformer)
+	defer unaccentPool.Put(unaccent)
+
 	res, _, err := transform.Bytes(unaccent, arg[0].RawText())
 	if err != nil {
 		ctx.ResultError(err) // notest

ext/unicode/unicode_test.go

@@ -26,11 +26,10 @@ func TestRegister(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 		defer stmt.Close()
 
-		if stmt.Step() {
-			return stmt.ColumnText(0)
+		if !stmt.Step() {
+			t.Fatal(stmt.Err())
 		}
-		t.Fatal(stmt.Err())
-		return ""
+		return stmt.ColumnText(0)
 	}
 
 	Register(db)

ext/uuid/uuid.go

@@ -17,17 +17,18 @@ import (
 
 // Register registers the SQL functions:
 //
-//	uuid([version], [domain/namespace], [id/data])
-//
-// Generates a UUID as a string.
-//
-//	uuid_str(u)
-//
-// Converts a UUID into a well-formed UUID string.
-//
-//	uuid_blob(u)
-//
-// Converts a UUID into a 16-byte blob.
+//   - uuid([ version [, domain/namespace, [ id/data ]]]):
+//     to generate a UUID as a string
+//   - uuid_str(u):
+//     to convert a UUID into a well-formed UUID string
+//   - uuid_blob(u):
+//     to convert a UUID into a 16-byte blob
+//   - uuid_extract_version(u):
+//     to extract the version of a RFC 4122 UUID
+//   - uuid_extract_timestamp(u):
+//     to extract the timestamp of a version 1/2/6/7 UUID
+//   - gen_random_uuid(u):
+//     to generate a version 4 (random) UUID
 func Register(db *sqlite3.Conn) error {
 	const flags = sqlite3.DETERMINISTIC | sqlite3.INNOCUOUS
 	return errors.Join(
@@ -38,7 +39,8 @@ func Register(db *sqlite3.Conn) error {
 		db.CreateFunction("uuid_str", 1, flags, toString),
 		db.CreateFunction("uuid_blob", 1, flags, toBlob),
 		db.CreateFunction("uuid_extract_version", 1, flags, version),
-		db.CreateFunction("uuid_extract_timestamp", 1, flags, timestamp))
+		db.CreateFunction("uuid_extract_timestamp", 1, flags, timestamp),
+		db.CreateFunction("gen_random_uuid", 0, sqlite3.INNOCUOUS, generate))
 }
 
 func generate(ctx sqlite3.Context, arg ...sqlite3.Value) {

ext/zorder/zorder.go

@@ -19,9 +19,9 @@ func Register(db *sqlite3.Conn) error {
 }
 
 func zorder(ctx sqlite3.Context, arg ...sqlite3.Value) {
-	var x [63]int64
-	if len(arg) > len(x) {
-		ctx.ResultError(util.ErrorString("zorder: too many parameters"))
+	var x [24]int64
+	if n := len(arg); n < 2 || n > 24 {
+		ctx.ResultError(util.ErrorString("zorder: needs between 2 and 24 dimensions"))
 		return
 	}
 	for i := range arg {
@@ -29,17 +29,15 @@ func zorder(ctx sqlite3.Context, arg ...sqlite3.Value) {
 	}
 
 	var z int64
-	if len(arg) > 0 {
-		for i := range x {
-			j := i % len(arg)
-			z |= (x[j] & 1) << i
-			x[j] >>= 1
-		}
+	for i := range 63 {
+		j := i % len(arg)
+		z |= (x[j] & 1) << i
+		x[j] >>= 1
 	}
 
 	for i := range arg {
 		if x[i] != 0 {
-			ctx.ResultError(util.ErrorString("zorder: parameter too large"))
+			ctx.ResultError(util.ErrorString("zorder: argument out of range"))
 			return
 		}
 	}
@@ -51,6 +49,19 @@ func unzorder(ctx sqlite3.Context, arg ...sqlite3.Value) {
 	n := arg[1].Int64()
 	z := arg[0].Int64()
 
+	if n < 2 || n > 24 {
+		ctx.ResultError(util.ErrorString("unzorder: needs between 2 and 24 dimensions"))
+		return
+	}
+	if i < 0 || i >= n {
+		ctx.ResultError(util.ErrorString("unzorder: index out of range"))
+		return
+	}
+	if z < 0 {
+		ctx.ResultError(util.ErrorString("unzorder: argument out of range"))
+		return
+	}
+
 	var k int
 	var x int64
 	for j := i; j < 63; j += n {

ext/zorder/zorder_test.go

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/vfs/memdb"
 )
 
-func TestRegister_zorder(t *testing.T) {
+func Test_zorder(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 	tmp := memdb.TestDB(t)
 
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ func TestRegister_zorder(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-func TestRegister_unzorder(t *testing.T) {
+func Test_unzorder(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 	tmp := memdb.TestDB(t)
 
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ func TestRegister_unzorder(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-func TestRegister_error(t *testing.T) {
+func Test_zorder_error(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 	tmp := memdb.TestDB(t)
 
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ func TestRegister_error(t *testing.T) {
 
 	var buf strings.Builder
 	buf.WriteString("SELECT zorder(0")
-	for i := 1; i < 80; i++ {
+	for i := 1; i < 25; i++ {
 		buf.WriteByte(',')
 		buf.WriteString(strconv.Itoa(0))
 	}
@@ -113,3 +113,30 @@ func TestRegister_error(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Error("want error")
 	}
 }
+
+func Test_unzorder_error(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+	tmp := memdb.TestDB(t)
+
+	db, err := driver.Open(tmp, zorder.Register)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer db.Close()
+
+	var got int64
+	err = db.QueryRow(`SELECT unzorder(-1, 2, 0)`).Scan(&got)
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Error("want error")
+	}
+
+	err = db.QueryRow(`SELECT unzorder(0, 2, 2)`).Scan(&got)
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Error("want error")
+	}
+
+	err = db.QueryRow(`SELECT unzorder(0, 25, 2)`).Scan(&got)
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Error("want error")
+	}
+}

func.go

@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ func (c *Conn) CreateCollation(name string, fn CollatingFunction) error {
 	return c.error(rc)
 }
 
-// Collating function is the type of a collation callback.
+// CollatingFunction is the type of a collation callback.
 // Implementations must not retain a or b.
 type CollatingFunction func(a, b []byte) int
 
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ func (c *Conn) CreateWindowFunction(name string, nArg int, flag FunctionFlag, fn
 			if win, ok := agg.(WindowFunction); ok {
 				return win
 			}
-			return windowFunc{agg, name}
+			return agg
 		}))
 	}
 	rc := res_t(c.call("sqlite3_create_window_function_go",
@@ -284,10 +284,10 @@ func returnArgs(p *[]Value) {
 }
 
 type aggregateFunc struct {
-	ctx  Context
-	arg  []Value
 	next func() (struct{}, bool)
 	stop func()
+	ctx  Context
+	arg  []Value
 }
 
 func (a *aggregateFunc) Step(ctx Context, arg ...Value) {
@@ -307,13 +307,3 @@ func (a *aggregateFunc) Close() error {
 	a.stop()
 	return nil
 }
-
-type windowFunc struct {
-	AggregateFunction
-	name string
-}
-
-func (w windowFunc) Inverse(ctx Context, arg ...Value) {
-	// Implementing inverse allows certain queries that don't really need it to succeed.
-	ctx.ResultError(util.ErrorString(w.name + ": may not be used as a window function"))
-}

go.mod

@@ -1,23 +1,22 @@
 module github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3
 
-go 1.23.0
-
-toolchain go1.24.0
+go 1.24.0
 
 require (
+	github.com/ncruces/aa v0.3.3
 	github.com/ncruces/julianday v1.0.0
 	github.com/ncruces/sort v0.1.5
 	github.com/tetratelabs/wazero v1.9.0
-	golang.org/x/crypto v0.36.0
-	golang.org/x/sys v0.31.0
+	golang.org/x/crypto v0.41.0
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.36.0
 )
 
 require (
 	github.com/dchest/siphash v1.2.3 // ext/bloom
 	github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0 // ext/uuid
 	github.com/psanford/httpreadat v0.1.0 // example
-	golang.org/x/sync v0.12.0 // test
-	golang.org/x/text v0.23.0 // ext/unicode
+	golang.org/x/sync v0.17.0 // test
+	golang.org/x/text v0.29.0 // ext/unicode
 	lukechampine.com/adiantum v1.1.1 // vfs/adiantum
 )
 

go.sum

@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@ github.com/dchest/siphash v1.2.3 h1:QXwFc8cFOR2dSa/gE6o/HokBMWtLUaNDVd+22aKHeEA=
 github.com/dchest/siphash v1.2.3/go.mod h1:0NvQU092bT0ipiFN++/rXm69QG9tVxLAlQHIXMPAkHc=
 github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0 h1:NIvaJDMOsjHA8n1jAhLSgzrAzy1Hgr+hNrb57e+94F0=
 github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0/go.mod h1:TIyPZe4MgqvfeYDBFedMoGGpEw/LqOeaOT+nhxU+yHo=
+github.com/ncruces/aa v0.3.3 h1:f5Y9nQcbKHEaBks7kIcLmUgsDbokRPRCzNCx6XVGEr0=
+github.com/ncruces/aa v0.3.3/go.mod h1:ctOw1LVqfuqzqg2S9LlR045bLAiXtaTiPMCL3zzl7Ik=
 github.com/ncruces/julianday v1.0.0 h1:fH0OKwa7NWvniGQtxdJRxAgkBMolni2BjDHaWTxqt7M=
 github.com/ncruces/julianday v1.0.0/go.mod h1:Dusn2KvZrrovOMJuOt0TNXL6tB7U2E8kvza5fFc9G7g=
 github.com/ncruces/sort v0.1.5 h1:fiFWXXAqKI8QckPf/6hu/bGFwcEPrirIOFaJqWujs4k=
@@ -10,13 +12,13 @@ github.com/psanford/httpreadat v0.1.0 h1:VleW1HS2zO7/4c7c7zNl33fO6oYACSagjJIyMIw
 github.com/psanford/httpreadat v0.1.0/go.mod h1:Zg7P+TlBm3bYbyHTKv/EdtSJZn3qwbPwpfZ/I9GKCRE=
 github.com/tetratelabs/wazero v1.9.0 h1:IcZ56OuxrtaEz8UYNRHBrUa9bYeX9oVY93KspZZBf/I=
 github.com/tetratelabs/wazero v1.9.0/go.mod h1:TSbcXCfFP0L2FGkRPxHphadXPjo1T6W+CseNNY7EkjM=
-golang.org/x/crypto v0.36.0 h1:AnAEvhDddvBdpY+uR+MyHmuZzzNqXSe/GvuDeob5L34=
-golang.org/x/crypto v0.36.0/go.mod h1:Y4J0ReaxCR1IMaabaSMugxJES1EpwhBHhv2bDHklZvc=
-golang.org/x/sync v0.12.0 h1:MHc5BpPuC30uJk597Ri8TV3CNZcTLu6B6z4lJy+g6Jw=
-golang.org/x/sync v0.12.0/go.mod h1:1dzgHSNfp02xaA81J2MS99Qcpr2w7fw1gpm99rleRqA=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.31.0 h1:ioabZlmFYtWhL+TRYpcnNlLwhyxaM9kWTDEmfnprqik=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.31.0/go.mod h1:BJP2sWEmIv4KK5OTEluFJCKSidICx8ciO85XgH3Ak8k=
-golang.org/x/text v0.23.0 h1:D71I7dUrlY+VX0gQShAThNGHFxZ13dGLBHQLVl1mJlY=
-golang.org/x/text v0.23.0/go.mod h1:/BLNzu4aZCJ1+kcD0DNRotWKage4q2rGVAg4o22unh4=
+golang.org/x/crypto v0.41.0 h1:WKYxWedPGCTVVl5+WHSSrOBT0O8lx32+zxmHxijgXp4=
+golang.org/x/crypto v0.41.0/go.mod h1:pO5AFd7FA68rFak7rOAGVuygIISepHftHnr8dr6+sUc=
+golang.org/x/sync v0.17.0 h1:l60nONMj9l5drqw6jlhIELNv9I0A4OFgRsG9k2oT9Ug=
+golang.org/x/sync v0.17.0/go.mod h1:9KTHXmSnoGruLpwFjVSX0lNNA75CykiMECbovNTZqGI=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.36.0 h1:KVRy2GtZBrk1cBYA7MKu5bEZFxQk4NIDV6RLVcC8o0k=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.36.0/go.mod h1:OgkHotnGiDImocRcuBABYBEXf8A9a87e/uXjp9XT3ks=
+golang.org/x/text v0.29.0 h1:1neNs90w9YzJ9BocxfsQNHKuAT4pkghyXc4nhZ6sJvk=
+golang.org/x/text v0.29.0/go.mod h1:7MhJOA9CD2qZyOKYazxdYMF85OwPdEr9jTtBpO7ydH4=
 lukechampine.com/adiantum v1.1.1 h1:4fp6gTxWCqpEbLy40ExiYDDED3oUNWx5cTqBCtPdZqA=
 lukechampine.com/adiantum v1.1.1/go.mod h1:LrAYVnTYLnUtE/yMp5bQr0HstAf060YUF8nM0B6+rUw=

gormlite/ddlmod.go

@@ -209,8 +209,12 @@ func (d *ddl) renameTable(dst, src string) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+func compileConstraintRegexp(name string) *regexp.Regexp {
+	return regexp.MustCompile("^(?i:CONSTRAINT)\\s+[\"`]?" + regexp.QuoteMeta(name) + "[\"`\\s]")
+}
+
 func (d *ddl) addConstraint(name string, sql string) {
-	reg := regexp.MustCompile("^CONSTRAINT [\"`]?" + regexp.QuoteMeta(name) + "[\"` ]")
+	reg := compileConstraintRegexp(name)
 
 	for i := 0; i < len(d.fields); i++ {
 		if reg.MatchString(d.fields[i]) {
@@ -223,7 +227,7 @@ func (d *ddl) addConstraint(name string, sql string) {
 }
 
 func (d *ddl) removeConstraint(name string) bool {
-	reg := regexp.MustCompile("^CONSTRAINT [\"`]?" + regexp.QuoteMeta(name) + "[\"` ]")
+	reg := compileConstraintRegexp(name)
 
 	for i := 0; i < len(d.fields); i++ {
 		if reg.MatchString(d.fields[i]) {
@@ -236,7 +240,7 @@ func (d *ddl) removeConstraint(name string) bool {
 
 //lint:ignore U1000 ignore unused code.
 func (d *ddl) hasConstraint(name string) bool {
-	reg := regexp.MustCompile("^CONSTRAINT [\"`]?" + regexp.QuoteMeta(name) + "[\"` ]")
+	reg := compileConstraintRegexp(name)
 
 	for _, f := range d.fields {
 		if reg.MatchString(f) {

gormlite/ddlmod_parse_all_columns.go

@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ func parseAllColumns(in string) ([]string, error) {
 			}
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("unexpected token: %s", string(s[i]))
 		case parseAllColumnsState_State_End:
-			break
+			continue // avoid SA4011
 		}
 	}
 	if state != parseAllColumnsState_State_End {

gormlite/ddlmod_test.go

@@ -313,6 +313,41 @@ func TestRemoveConstraint(t *testing.T) {
 			success: true,
 			expect:  []string{"`id` integer NOT NULL"},
 		},
+		{
+			name:    "lowercase",
+			fields:  []string{"`id` integer NOT NULL", "constraint `fk_users_notes` FOREIGN KEY (`user_id`) REFERENCES `users`(`id`))"},
+			cName:   "fk_users_notes",
+			success: true,
+			expect:  []string{"`id` integer NOT NULL"},
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "mixed_case",
+			fields:  []string{"`id` integer NOT NULL", "cOnsTraiNT `fk_users_notes` FOREIGN KEY (`user_id`) REFERENCES `users`(`id`))"},
+			cName:   "fk_users_notes",
+			success: true,
+			expect:  []string{"`id` integer NOT NULL"},
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "newline",
+			fields:  []string{"`id` integer NOT NULL", "CONSTRAINT `fk_users_notes`\nFOREIGN KEY (`user_id`) REFERENCES `users`(`id`))"},
+			cName:   "fk_users_notes",
+			success: true,
+			expect:  []string{"`id` integer NOT NULL"},
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "lots_of_newlines",
+			fields:  []string{"`id` integer NOT NULL", "constraint \n    fk_users_notes \n   FOREIGN KEY (`user_id`) REFERENCES `users`(`id`))"},
+			cName:   "fk_users_notes",
+			success: true,
+			expect:  []string{"`id` integer NOT NULL"},
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "no_backtick",
+			fields:  []string{"`id` integer NOT NULL", "CONSTRAINT fk_users_notes FOREIGN KEY (`user_id`) REFERENCES `users`(`id`))"},
+			cName:   "fk_users_notes",
+			success: true,
+			expect:  []string{"`id` integer NOT NULL"},
+		},
 		{
 			name:    "check",
 			fields:  []string{"CONSTRAINT `name_checker` CHECK (`name` <> 'thetadev')", "`id` integer NOT NULL"},

gormlite/go.mod

@@ -1,12 +1,10 @@
 module github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/gormlite
 
-go 1.23.0
-
-toolchain go1.24.0
+go 1.24.0
 
 require (
-	github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3 v0.24.0
-	gorm.io/gorm v1.25.12
+	github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3 v0.28.0
+	gorm.io/gorm v1.30.5
 )
 
 require (
@@ -14,6 +12,6 @@ require (
 	github.com/jinzhu/now v1.1.5 // indirect
 	github.com/ncruces/julianday v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/tetratelabs/wazero v1.9.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/sys v0.30.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/text v0.22.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.36.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/text v0.29.0 // indirect
 )

gormlite/go.sum

@@ -2,15 +2,15 @@ github.com/jinzhu/inflection v1.0.0 h1:K317FqzuhWc8YvSVlFMCCUb36O/S9MCKRDI7QkRKD
 github.com/jinzhu/inflection v1.0.0/go.mod h1:h+uFLlag+Qp1Va5pdKtLDYj+kHp5pxUVkryuEj+Srlc=
 github.com/jinzhu/now v1.1.5 h1:/o9tlHleP7gOFmsnYNz3RGnqzefHA47wQpKrrdTIwXQ=
 github.com/jinzhu/now v1.1.5/go.mod h1:d3SSVoowX0Lcu0IBviAWJpolVfI5UJVZZ7cO71lE/z8=
-github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3 v0.24.0 h1:Z4jfmzu2NCd4SmyFwLT2OmF3EnTZbqwATvdiuNHNhLA=
-github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3 v0.24.0/go.mod h1:/Vs8ACZHjJ1SA6E9RZUn3EyB1OP3nDQ4z/ar+0fplTQ=
+github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3 v0.28.0 h1:AQVTUPgfamONl09LS+4rGFbHmLKM8/QrJJJi1UukjEQ=
+github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3 v0.28.0/go.mod h1:WqvLhYwtEiZzg1H8BIeahUv/DxbmR+3xG5jDHDiBAGk=
 github.com/ncruces/julianday v1.0.0 h1:fH0OKwa7NWvniGQtxdJRxAgkBMolni2BjDHaWTxqt7M=
 github.com/ncruces/julianday v1.0.0/go.mod h1:Dusn2KvZrrovOMJuOt0TNXL6tB7U2E8kvza5fFc9G7g=
 github.com/tetratelabs/wazero v1.9.0 h1:IcZ56OuxrtaEz8UYNRHBrUa9bYeX9oVY93KspZZBf/I=
 github.com/tetratelabs/wazero v1.9.0/go.mod h1:TSbcXCfFP0L2FGkRPxHphadXPjo1T6W+CseNNY7EkjM=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.30.0 h1:QjkSwP/36a20jFYWkSue1YwXzLmsV5Gfq7Eiy72C1uc=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.30.0/go.mod h1:/VUhepiaJMQUp4+oa/7Zr1D23ma6VTLIYjOOTFZPUcA=
-golang.org/x/text v0.22.0 h1:bofq7m3/HAFvbF51jz3Q9wLg3jkvSPuiZu/pD1XwgtM=
-golang.org/x/text v0.22.0/go.mod h1:YRoo4H8PVmsu+E3Ou7cqLVH8oXWIHVoX0jqUWALQhfY=
-gorm.io/gorm v1.25.12 h1:I0u8i2hWQItBq1WfE0o2+WuL9+8L21K9e2HHSTE/0f8=
-gorm.io/gorm v1.25.12/go.mod h1:xh7N7RHfYlNc5EmcI/El95gXusucDrQnHXe0+CgWcLQ=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.36.0 h1:KVRy2GtZBrk1cBYA7MKu5bEZFxQk4NIDV6RLVcC8o0k=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.36.0/go.mod h1:OgkHotnGiDImocRcuBABYBEXf8A9a87e/uXjp9XT3ks=
+golang.org/x/text v0.29.0 h1:1neNs90w9YzJ9BocxfsQNHKuAT4pkghyXc4nhZ6sJvk=
+golang.org/x/text v0.29.0/go.mod h1:7MhJOA9CD2qZyOKYazxdYMF85OwPdEr9jTtBpO7ydH4=
+gorm.io/gorm v1.30.5 h1:dvEfYwxL+i+xgCNSGGBT1lDjCzfELK8fHZxL3Ee9X0s=
+gorm.io/gorm v1.30.5/go.mod h1:8Z33v652h4//uMA76KjeDH8mJXPm1QNCYrMeatR0DOE=

gormlite/sqlite.go

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-// Package gormlite provides a GORM driver for SQLite.
 package gormlite
 
 import (
@@ -52,7 +51,9 @@ func (dialector _Dialector) Initialize(db *gorm.DB) (err error) {
 	})
 
 	for k, v := range dialector.ClauseBuilders() {
-		db.ClauseBuilders[k] = v
+		if _, ok := db.ClauseBuilders[k]; !ok {
+			db.ClauseBuilders[k] = v
+		}
 	}
 	return
 }

gormlite/test.sh

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ rm -rf gorm/ tests/
 go work use -r .
 go test
 
-git clone --branch v1.25.12 --filter=blob:none https://github.com/go-gorm/gorm.git
+git clone --branch v1.30.5 --filter=blob:none https://github.com/go-gorm/gorm.git
 mv gorm/tests tests
 rm -rf gorm/
 

gormlite/tests.patch

@@ -7,13 +7,14 @@ diff --git a/tests/.gitignore b/tests/.gitignore
 diff --git a/tests/tests_test.go b/tests/tests_test.go
 --- a/tests/tests_test.go
 +++ b/tests/tests_test.go
-@@ -7,9 +7,11 @@ import (
+@@ -8,9 +8,11 @@ import (
  	"path/filepath"
  	"time"
  
 +	_ "github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/embed"
 +	sqlite "github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/gormlite"
 +
+ 	"gorm.io/driver/gaussdb"
  	"gorm.io/driver/mysql"
  	"gorm.io/driver/postgres"
 -	"gorm.io/driver/sqlite"

gormlite/update.sh

@@ -3,13 +3,12 @@ set -euo pipefail
 
 cd -P -- "$(dirname -- "$0")"
 
-curl -#OL "https://github.com/go-gorm/sqlite/raw/v1.5.7/ddlmod.go"
-curl -#OL "https://github.com/go-gorm/sqlite/raw/v1.5.7/ddlmod_test.go"
-curl -#OL "https://github.com/go-gorm/sqlite/raw/v1.5.7/ddlmod_parse_all_columns.go"
-curl -#OL "https://github.com/go-gorm/sqlite/raw/v1.5.7/ddlmod_parse_all_columns_test.go"
-curl -#OL "https://github.com/go-gorm/sqlite/raw/v1.5.7/error_translator.go"
-curl -#OL "https://github.com/go-gorm/sqlite/raw/v1.5.7/migrator.go"
-curl -#OL "https://github.com/go-gorm/sqlite/raw/v1.5.7/sqlite.go"
-curl -#OL "https://github.com/go-gorm/sqlite/raw/v1.5.7/sqlite_test.go"
-curl -#OL "https://github.com/go-gorm/sqlite/raw/v1.5.7/sqlite_test.go"
+curl -#OL "https://github.com/go-gorm/sqlite/raw/v1.6.0/ddlmod.go"
+curl -#OL "https://github.com/go-gorm/sqlite/raw/v1.6.0/ddlmod_test.go"
+curl -#OL "https://github.com/go-gorm/sqlite/raw/v1.6.0/ddlmod_parse_all_columns.go"
+curl -#OL "https://github.com/go-gorm/sqlite/raw/v1.6.0/ddlmod_parse_all_columns_test.go"
+curl -#OL "https://github.com/go-gorm/sqlite/raw/v1.6.0/error_translator.go"
+curl -#OL "https://github.com/go-gorm/sqlite/raw/v1.6.0/migrator.go"
+curl -#OL "https://github.com/go-gorm/sqlite/raw/v1.6.0/sqlite.go"
+curl -#OL "https://github.com/go-gorm/sqlite/raw/v1.6.0/sqlite_test.go"
 curl -#L "https://github.com/glebarez/sqlite/raw/v1.11.0/sqlite_error_translator_test.go" > error_translator_test.go

internal/alloc/alloc_unix.go

@@ -9,24 +9,31 @@ import (
 	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
 )
 
-func NewMemory(_, max uint64) experimental.LinearMemory {
+func NewMemory(cap, max uint64) experimental.LinearMemory {
 	// Round up to the page size.
 	rnd := uint64(unix.Getpagesize() - 1)
-	max = (max + rnd) &^ rnd
+	res := (max + rnd) &^ rnd
 
-	if max > math.MaxInt {
-		// This ensures int(max) overflows to a negative value,
+	if res > math.MaxInt {
+		// This ensures int(res) overflows to a negative value,
 		// and unix.Mmap returns EINVAL.
-		max = math.MaxUint64
+		res = math.MaxUint64
 	}
 
-	// Reserve max bytes of address space, to ensure we won't need to move it.
+	com := res
+	prot := unix.PROT_READ | unix.PROT_WRITE
+	if cap < max { // Commit memory only if cap=max.
+		com = 0
+		prot = unix.PROT_NONE
+	}
+
+	// Reserve res bytes of address space, to ensure we won't need to move it.
 	// A protected, private, anonymous mapping should not commit memory.
-	b, err := unix.Mmap(-1, 0, int(max), unix.PROT_NONE, unix.MAP_PRIVATE|unix.MAP_ANON)
+	b, err := unix.Mmap(-1, 0, int(res), prot, unix.MAP_PRIVATE|unix.MAP_ANON)
 	if err != nil {
 		panic(err)
 	}
-	return &mmappedMemory{buf: b[:0]}
+	return &mmappedMemory{buf: b[:com]}
 }
 
 // The slice covers the entire mmapped memory:
@@ -40,9 +47,11 @@ func (m *mmappedMemory) Reallocate(size uint64) []byte {
 	com := uint64(len(m.buf))
 	res := uint64(cap(m.buf))
 	if com < size && size <= res {
-		// Round up to the page size.
+		// Grow geometrically, round up to the page size.
 		rnd := uint64(unix.Getpagesize() - 1)
-		new := (size + rnd) &^ rnd
+		new := com + com>>3
+		new = min(max(size, new), res)
+		new = (new + rnd) &^ rnd
 
 		// Commit additional memory up to new bytes.
 		err := unix.Mprotect(m.buf[com:new], unix.PROT_READ|unix.PROT_WRITE)
@@ -50,8 +59,7 @@ func (m *mmappedMemory) Reallocate(size uint64) []byte {
 			return nil
 		}
 
-		// Update committed memory.
-		m.buf = m.buf[:new]
+		m.buf = m.buf[:new] // Update committed memory.
 	}
 	// Limit returned capacity because bytes beyond
 	// len(m.buf) have not yet been committed.

internal/alloc/alloc_windows.go

@@ -9,20 +9,26 @@ import (
 	"golang.org/x/sys/windows"
 )
 
-func NewMemory(_, max uint64) experimental.LinearMemory {
+func NewMemory(cap, max uint64) experimental.LinearMemory {
 	// Round up to the page size.
 	rnd := uint64(windows.Getpagesize() - 1)
-	max = (max + rnd) &^ rnd
+	res := (max + rnd) &^ rnd
 
-	if max > math.MaxInt {
-		// This ensures uintptr(max) overflows to a large value,
+	if res > math.MaxInt {
+		// This ensures uintptr(res) overflows to a large value,
 		// and windows.VirtualAlloc returns an error.
-		max = math.MaxUint64
+		res = math.MaxUint64
 	}
 
-	// Reserve max bytes of address space, to ensure we won't need to move it.
-	// This does not commit memory.
-	r, err := windows.VirtualAlloc(0, uintptr(max), windows.MEM_RESERVE, windows.PAGE_READWRITE)
+	com := res
+	kind := windows.MEM_COMMIT
+	if cap < max { // Commit memory only if cap=max.
+		com = 0
+		kind = windows.MEM_RESERVE
+	}
+
+	// Reserve res bytes of address space, to ensure we won't need to move it.
+	r, err := windows.VirtualAlloc(0, uintptr(res), uint32(kind), windows.PAGE_READWRITE)
 	if err != nil {
 		panic(err)
 	}
@@ -30,8 +36,9 @@ func NewMemory(_, max uint64) experimental.LinearMemory {
 	mem := virtualMemory{addr: r}
 	// SliceHeader, although deprecated, avoids a go vet warning.
 	sh := (*reflect.SliceHeader)(unsafe.Pointer(&mem.buf))
-	sh.Cap = int(max)
 	sh.Data = r
+	sh.Len = int(com)
+	sh.Cap = int(res)
 	return &mem
 }
 
@@ -47,9 +54,11 @@ func (m *virtualMemory) Reallocate(size uint64) []byte {
 	com := uint64(len(m.buf))
 	res := uint64(cap(m.buf))
 	if com < size && size <= res {
-		// Round up to the page size.
+		// Grow geometrically, round up to the page size.
 		rnd := uint64(windows.Getpagesize() - 1)
-		new := (size + rnd) &^ rnd
+		new := com + com>>3
+		new = min(max(size, new), res)
+		new = (new + rnd) &^ rnd
 
 		// Commit additional memory up to new bytes.
 		_, err := windows.VirtualAlloc(m.addr, uintptr(new), windows.MEM_COMMIT, windows.PAGE_READWRITE)
@@ -57,8 +66,7 @@ func (m *virtualMemory) Reallocate(size uint64) []byte {
 			return nil
 		}
 
-		// Update committed memory.
-		m.buf = m.buf[:new]
+		m.buf = m.buf[:new] // Update committed memory.
 	}
 	// Limit returned capacity because bytes beyond
 	// len(m.buf) have not yet been committed.

internal/util/error.go

@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ func ErrorCodeString(rc uint32) string {
 		return "sqlite3: unable to open database file"
 	case PROTOCOL:
 		return "sqlite3: locking protocol"
-	case FORMAT:
+	case EMPTY:
 		break
 	case SCHEMA:
 		return "sqlite3: database schema has changed"
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ func ErrorCodeString(rc uint32) string {
 		break
 	case AUTH:
 		return "sqlite3: authorization denied"
-	case EMPTY:
+	case FORMAT:
 		break
 	case RANGE:
 		return "sqlite3: column index out of range"

internal/util/func.go

@@ -20,20 +20,6 @@ func ExportFuncVI[T0 i32](mod wazero.HostModuleBuilder, name string, fn func(con
 		Export(name)
 }
 
-type funcVII[T0, T1 i32] func(context.Context, api.Module, T0, T1)
-
-func (fn funcVII[T0, T1]) Call(ctx context.Context, mod api.Module, stack []uint64) {
-	_ = stack[1] // prevent bounds check on every slice access
-	fn(ctx, mod, T0(stack[0]), T1(stack[1]))
-}
-
-func ExportFuncVII[T0, T1 i32](mod wazero.HostModuleBuilder, name string, fn func(context.Context, api.Module, T0, T1)) {
-	mod.NewFunctionBuilder().
-		WithGoModuleFunction(funcVII[T0, T1](fn),
-			[]api.ValueType{api.ValueTypeI32, api.ValueTypeI32}, nil).
-		Export(name)
-}
-
 type funcVIII[T0, T1, T2 i32] func(context.Context, api.Module, T0, T1, T2)
 
 func (fn funcVIII[T0, T1, T2]) Call(ctx context.Context, mod api.Module, stack []uint64) {

internal/util/mem.go

@@ -135,11 +135,10 @@ func ReadString(mod api.Module, ptr Ptr_t, maxlen int64) string {
 			panic(RangeErr)
 		}
 	}
-	if i := bytes.IndexByte(buf, 0); i < 0 {
-		panic(NoNulErr)
-	} else {
+	if i := bytes.IndexByte(buf, 0); i >= 0 {
 		return string(buf[:i])
 	}
+	panic(NoNulErr)
 }
 
 func WriteBytes(mod api.Module, ptr Ptr_t, b []byte) {

internal/util/pointer.go

@@ -1,11 +1,3 @@
 package util
 
-type Pointer[T any] struct{ Value T }
-
-func (p Pointer[T]) unwrap() any { return p.Value }
-
-type PointerUnwrap interface{ unwrap() any }
-
-func UnwrapPointer(p PointerUnwrap) any {
-	return p.unwrap()
-}
+type Pointer struct{ Value any }

internal/util/pointer_test.go

@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-package util
-
-import (
-	"math"
-	"testing"
-)
-
-func TestUnwrapPointer(t *testing.T) {
-	p := Pointer[float64]{Value: math.Pi}
-	if got := UnwrapPointer(p); got != math.Pi {
-		t.Errorf("want π, got %v", got)
-	}
-}

pointer.go

@@ -8,6 +8,6 @@ import "github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/internal/util"
 // [Value.Pointer], or [Context.ResultPointer].
 //
 // https://sqlite.org/bindptr.html
-func Pointer[T any](value T) any {
-	return util.Pointer[T]{Value: value}
+func Pointer(value any) any {
+	return util.Pointer{Value: value}
 }

sqlite.go

@@ -120,33 +120,33 @@ func (sqlt *sqlite) error(rc res_t, handle ptr_t, sql ...string) error {
 		return nil
 	}
 
-	err := Error{code: rc}
-
-	if err.Code() == NOMEM || err.ExtendedCode() == IOERR_NOMEM {
+	if ErrorCode(rc) == NOMEM || xErrorCode(rc) == IOERR_NOMEM {
 		panic(util.OOMErr)
 	}
 
-	if ptr := ptr_t(sqlt.call("sqlite3_errstr", stk_t(rc))); ptr != 0 {
-		err.str = util.ReadString(sqlt.mod, ptr, _MAX_NAME)
-	}
-
 	if handle != 0 {
+		var msg, query string
 		if ptr := ptr_t(sqlt.call("sqlite3_errmsg", stk_t(handle))); ptr != 0 {
-			err.msg = util.ReadString(sqlt.mod, ptr, _MAX_LENGTH)
+			msg = util.ReadString(sqlt.mod, ptr, _MAX_LENGTH)
+			switch {
+			case msg == "not an error":
+				msg = ""
+			case msg == util.ErrorCodeString(uint32(rc))[len("sqlite3: "):]:
+				msg = ""
+			}
 		}
 
 		if len(sql) != 0 {
 			if i := int32(sqlt.call("sqlite3_error_offset", stk_t(handle))); i != -1 {
-				err.sql = sql[0][i:]
+				query = sql[0][i:]
 			}
 		}
-	}
 
-	switch err.msg {
-	case err.str, "not an error":
-		err.msg = ""
+		if msg != "" || query != "" {
+			return &Error{code: rc, msg: msg, sql: query}
+		}
 	}
-	return &err
+	return xErrorCode(rc)
 }
 
 func (sqlt *sqlite) getfn(name string) api.Function {
@@ -212,14 +212,10 @@ func (sqlt *sqlite) realloc(ptr ptr_t, size int64) ptr_t {
 }
 
 func (sqlt *sqlite) newBytes(b []byte) ptr_t {
-	if (*[0]byte)(b) == nil {
+	if len(b) == 0 {
 		return 0
 	}
-	size := len(b)
-	if size == 0 {
-		size = 1
-	}
-	ptr := sqlt.new(int64(size))
+	ptr := sqlt.new(int64(len(b)))
 	util.WriteBytes(sqlt.mod, ptr, b)
 	return ptr
 }
@@ -288,7 +284,7 @@ func (a *arena) new(size int64) ptr_t {
 }
 
 func (a *arena) bytes(b []byte) ptr_t {
-	if (*[0]byte)(b) == nil {
+	if len(b) == 0 {
 		return 0
 	}
 	ptr := a.new(int64(len(b)))

sqlite3/busy_timeout.patch

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 # handle, and interrupt, sqlite3_busy_timeout.
 --- sqlite3.c.orig
 +++ sqlite3.c
-@@ -183355,7 +183355,7 @@
+@@ -184474,7 +184474,7 @@
    if( !sqlite3SafetyCheckOk(db) ) return SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
  #endif
    if( ms>0 ){
@@ -10,4 +10,4 @@
 +    sqlite3_busy_handler(db, (int(*)(void*,int))sqliteBusyCallback,
                               (void*)db);
      db->busyTimeout = ms;
-   }else{
+ #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_SETLK_TIMEOUT

sqlite3/download.sh

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ set -euo pipefail
 
 cd -P -- "$(dirname -- "$0")"
 
-curl -#OL "https://sqlite.org/2025/sqlite-amalgamation-3490100.zip"
+curl -#OL "https://sqlite.org/2025/sqlite-amalgamation-3500400.zip"
 unzip -d . sqlite-amalgamation-*.zip
 mv sqlite-amalgamation-*/sqlite3.c .
 mv sqlite-amalgamation-*/sqlite3.h .
@@ -19,30 +19,30 @@ rm -rf sqlite-amalgamation-*
 
 mkdir -p ext/
 cd ext/
-curl -#OL "https://github.com/sqlite/sqlite/raw/version-3.49.1/ext/misc/anycollseq.c"
-curl -#OL "https://github.com/sqlite/sqlite/raw/version-3.49.1/ext/misc/base64.c"
-curl -#OL "https://github.com/sqlite/sqlite/raw/version-3.49.1/ext/misc/decimal.c"
-curl -#OL "https://github.com/sqlite/sqlite/raw/version-3.49.1/ext/misc/ieee754.c"
-curl -#OL "https://github.com/sqlite/sqlite/raw/version-3.49.1/ext/misc/regexp.c"
-curl -#OL "https://github.com/sqlite/sqlite/raw/version-3.49.1/ext/misc/series.c"
-curl -#OL "https://github.com/sqlite/sqlite/raw/version-3.49.1/ext/misc/spellfix.c"
-curl -#OL "https://github.com/sqlite/sqlite/raw/version-3.49.1/ext/misc/uint.c"
+curl -#OL "https://github.com/sqlite/sqlite/raw/version-3.50.4/ext/misc/anycollseq.c"
+curl -#OL "https://github.com/sqlite/sqlite/raw/version-3.50.4/ext/misc/base64.c"
+curl -#OL "https://github.com/sqlite/sqlite/raw/version-3.50.4/ext/misc/decimal.c"
+curl -#OL "https://github.com/sqlite/sqlite/raw/version-3.50.4/ext/misc/ieee754.c"
+curl -#OL "https://github.com/sqlite/sqlite/raw/version-3.50.4/ext/misc/regexp.c"
+curl -#OL "https://github.com/sqlite/sqlite/raw/version-3.50.4/ext/misc/series.c"
+curl -#OL "https://github.com/sqlite/sqlite/raw/version-3.50.4/ext/misc/spellfix.c"
+curl -#OL "https://github.com/sqlite/sqlite/raw/version-3.50.4/ext/misc/uint.c"
 cd ~-
 
 cd ../vfs/tests/mptest/testdata/
-curl -#OL "https://github.com/sqlite/sqlite/raw/version-3.49.1/mptest/config01.test"
-curl -#OL "https://github.com/sqlite/sqlite/raw/version-3.49.1/mptest/config02.test"
-curl -#OL "https://github.com/sqlite/sqlite/raw/version-3.49.1/mptest/crash01.test"
-curl -#OL "https://github.com/sqlite/sqlite/raw/version-3.49.1/mptest/crash02.subtest"
-curl -#OL "https://github.com/sqlite/sqlite/raw/version-3.49.1/mptest/multiwrite01.test"
+curl -#OL "https://github.com/sqlite/sqlite/raw/version-3.50.4/mptest/config01.test"
+curl -#OL "https://github.com/sqlite/sqlite/raw/version-3.50.4/mptest/config02.test"
+curl -#OL "https://github.com/sqlite/sqlite/raw/version-3.50.4/mptest/crash01.test"
+curl -#OL "https://github.com/sqlite/sqlite/raw/version-3.50.4/mptest/crash02.subtest"
+curl -#OL "https://github.com/sqlite/sqlite/raw/version-3.50.4/mptest/multiwrite01.test"
 cd ~-
 
 cd ../vfs/tests/mptest/wasm/
-curl -#OL "https://github.com/sqlite/sqlite/raw/version-3.49.1/mptest/mptest.c"
+curl -#OL "https://github.com/sqlite/sqlite/raw/version-3.50.4/mptest/mptest.c"
 cd ~-
 
 cd ../vfs/tests/speedtest1/wasm/
-curl -#OL "https://github.com/sqlite/sqlite/raw/version-3.49.1/test/speedtest1.c"
+curl -#OL "https://github.com/sqlite/sqlite/raw/version-3.50.4/test/speedtest1.c"
 cd ~-
 
 cat *.patch | patch -p0 --no-backup-if-mismatch

sqlite3/libc/benchmark.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -euo pipefail
+
+cd -P -- "$(dirname -- "$0")"
+
+touch empty.S
+./build.sh empty.S
+go test -bench=.
+rm -f empty.S
+
+./build.sh
+go test -bench=.

sqlite3/libc/build.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -euo pipefail
+
+cd -P -- "$(dirname -- "$0")"
+
+ROOT=../../
+BINARYEN="$ROOT/tools/binaryen/bin"
+WASI_SDK="$ROOT/tools/wasi-sdk/bin"
+SRCS="${1:-libc.c}"
+"../tools.sh"
+
+trap 'rm -f libc.c libc.tmp' EXIT
+cat << EOF > libc.c
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+EOF
+
+"$WASI_SDK/clang" --target=wasm32-wasi -std=c23 -g0 -O2 \
+	-Wall -Wextra -Wno-unused-parameter -Wno-unused-function \
+	-o libc.wasm -I. "$SRCS" \
+	-mexec-model=reactor \
+	-mmutable-globals -mnontrapping-fptoint \
+	-msimd128 -mbulk-memory -msign-ext \
+	-mreference-types -mmultivalue \
+	-mno-extended-const \
+	-fno-stack-protector \
+	-Wl,-z,stack-size=4096 \
+	-Wl,--stack-first \
+	-Wl,--import-undefined \
+	-Wl,--initial-memory=16777216 \
+	-Wl,--export=memchr \
+	-Wl,--export=memcmp \
+	-Wl,--export=memcpy \
+	-Wl,--export=memmove \
+	-Wl,--export=memrchr \
+	-Wl,--export=memset \
+	-Wl,--export=strchr \
+	-Wl,--export=strchrnul \
+	-Wl,--export=strcspn \
+	-Wl,--export=strlen \
+	-Wl,--export=strrchr \
+	-Wl,--export=strspn \
+	-Wl,--export=qsort
+
+"$BINARYEN/wasm-ctor-eval" -g -c _initialize libc.wasm -o libc.tmp
+"$BINARYEN/wasm-opt" -g libc.tmp -o libc.wasm \
+	--low-memory-unused --generate-global-effects --converge -O3 \
+	--enable-mutable-globals --enable-nontrapping-float-to-int \
+	--enable-simd --enable-bulk-memory --enable-sign-ext \
+	--enable-reference-types --enable-multivalue \
+	--strip --strip-debug --strip-producers
+
+"$BINARYEN/wasm-dis" -o libc.wat libc.wasm

sqlite3/libc/libc_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,841 @@
+package libc
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	_ "embed"
+	"math"
+	"os"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/tetratelabs/wazero"
+	"github.com/tetratelabs/wazero/api"
+)
+
+//go:embed libc.wasm
+var binary []byte
+
+const (
+	page = 64 * 1024
+	size = 1024 * 1024 * 4
+	ptr1 = 1024 * 1024
+	ptr2 = ptr1 + size
+)
+
+var (
+	memory  []byte
+	module  api.Module
+	memset  api.Function
+	memcpy  api.Function
+	memchr  api.Function
+	memcmp  api.Function
+	strlen  api.Function
+	strchr  api.Function
+	strspn  api.Function
+	strrchr api.Function
+	strcspn api.Function
+	stack   [8]uint64
+)
+
+func call(fn api.Function, arg ...uint64) uint64 {
+	copy(stack[:], arg)
+	err := fn.CallWithStack(context.Background(), stack[:])
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	return stack[0]
+}
+
+func TestMain(m *testing.M) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	runtime := wazero.NewRuntime(ctx)
+	mod, err := runtime.Instantiate(ctx, binary)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+
+	module = mod
+	memset = mod.ExportedFunction("memset")
+	memcpy = mod.ExportedFunction("memcpy")
+	memchr = mod.ExportedFunction("memchr")
+	memcmp = mod.ExportedFunction("memcmp")
+	strlen = mod.ExportedFunction("strlen")
+	strchr = mod.ExportedFunction("strchr")
+	strspn = mod.ExportedFunction("strspn")
+	strrchr = mod.ExportedFunction("strrchr")
+	strcspn = mod.ExportedFunction("strcspn")
+	memory, _ = mod.Memory().Read(0, mod.Memory().Size())
+
+	os.Exit(m.Run())
+}
+
+func Benchmark_memset(b *testing.B) {
+	clear(memory)
+
+	b.SetBytes(size)
+	b.ResetTimer()
+	for range b.N {
+		call(memset, ptr1, 3, size)
+	}
+}
+
+func Benchmark_memcpy(b *testing.B) {
+	clear(memory)
+	fill(memory[ptr2:ptr2+size], 5)
+
+	b.SetBytes(size)
+	b.ResetTimer()
+	for range b.N {
+		call(memcpy, ptr1, ptr2, size)
+	}
+}
+
+func Benchmark_strlen(b *testing.B) {
+	clear(memory)
+	fill(memory[ptr1:ptr1+size-1], 5)
+
+	b.SetBytes(size)
+	b.ResetTimer()
+	for range b.N {
+		call(strlen, ptr1)
+	}
+}
+
+func Benchmark_memchr(b *testing.B) {
+	clear(memory)
+	fill(memory[ptr1:ptr1+size/2], 7)
+	fill(memory[ptr1+size/2:ptr1+size], 5)
+
+	b.SetBytes(size/2 + 1)
+	b.ResetTimer()
+	for range b.N {
+		call(memchr, ptr1, 5, size)
+	}
+}
+
+func Benchmark_strchr(b *testing.B) {
+	clear(memory)
+	fill(memory[ptr1:ptr1+size/2], 7)
+	fill(memory[ptr1+size/2:ptr1+size-1], 5)
+
+	b.SetBytes(size/2 + 1)
+	b.ResetTimer()
+	for range b.N {
+		call(strchr, ptr1, 5)
+	}
+}
+
+func Benchmark_strrchr(b *testing.B) {
+	clear(memory)
+	fill(memory[ptr1:ptr1+size/2], 5)
+	fill(memory[ptr1+size/2:ptr1+size-1], 7)
+
+	b.SetBytes(size/2 + 1)
+	b.ResetTimer()
+	for range b.N {
+		call(strrchr, ptr1, 5)
+	}
+}
+
+func Benchmark_memcmp(b *testing.B) {
+	clear(memory)
+	fill(memory[ptr1:ptr1+size], 7)
+	fill(memory[ptr2:ptr2+size/2], 7)
+	fill(memory[ptr2+size/2:ptr2+size], 5)
+
+	b.SetBytes(size/2 + 1)
+	b.ResetTimer()
+	for range b.N {
+		call(memcmp, ptr1, ptr2, size)
+	}
+}
+
+func Benchmark_strspn(b *testing.B) {
+	clear(memory)
+	fill(memory[ptr1:ptr1+size/2], 7)
+	fill(memory[ptr1+size/2:ptr1+size-1], 5)
+	memory[ptr2+0] = 3
+	memory[ptr2+1] = 5
+	memory[ptr2+2] = 7
+	memory[ptr2+3] = 9
+
+	b.SetBytes(size)
+	b.ResetTimer()
+	for range b.N {
+		call(strspn, ptr1, ptr2)
+	}
+}
+
+func Benchmark_strcspn(b *testing.B) {
+	clear(memory)
+	fill(memory[ptr1:ptr1+size/2], 7)
+	fill(memory[ptr1+size/2:ptr1+size-1], 5)
+	memory[ptr2+0] = 3
+	memory[ptr2+1] = 9
+
+	b.SetBytes(size)
+	b.ResetTimer()
+	for range b.N {
+		call(strcspn, ptr1, ptr2)
+	}
+}
+
+func Test_strlen(t *testing.T) {
+	for length := range 64 {
+		for alignment := range 24 {
+			ptr := (page - 8) + alignment
+
+			clear(memory[:2*page])
+			fill(memory[ptr:ptr+length], 5)
+
+			got := call(strlen, uint64(ptr))
+			if uint32(got) != uint32(length) {
+				t.Errorf("strlen(%d) = %d, want %d",
+					ptr, uint32(got), uint32(length))
+			}
+
+			memory[ptr-1] = 5
+			got = call(strlen, uint64(ptr))
+			if uint32(got) != uint32(length) {
+				t.Errorf("strlen(%d) = %d, want %d",
+					ptr, uint32(got), uint32(length))
+			}
+		}
+
+		clear(memory)
+		ptr := len(memory) - length - 1
+		fill(memory[ptr:ptr+length], 5)
+
+		got := call(strlen, uint64(ptr))
+		if uint32(got) != uint32(length) {
+			t.Errorf("strlen(%d) = %d, want %d",
+				ptr, uint32(got), uint32(length))
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func Test_memchr(t *testing.T) {
+	for length := range 64 {
+		for pos := range length + 2 {
+			for alignment := range 24 {
+				ptr := (page - 8) + alignment
+				want := 0
+				if pos < length {
+					want = ptr + pos
+				}
+
+				clear(memory[:2*page])
+				fill(memory[ptr:ptr+max(pos, length)], 5)
+				memory[ptr+pos] = 7
+
+				if pos >= 0 {
+					memory[ptr+pos+2] = 7
+				}
+
+				got := call(memchr, uint64(ptr), 7, uint64(length))
+				if uint32(got) != uint32(want) {
+					t.Errorf("memchr(%d, %d, %d) = %d, want %d",
+						ptr, 7, uint64(length), uint32(got), uint32(want))
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		clear(memory)
+		ptr := len(memory) - length
+		fill(memory[ptr:ptr+length], 5)
+		memory[len(memory)-1] = 7
+
+		var want int
+		if length != 0 {
+			want = len(memory) - 1
+			got := call(memchr, uint64(ptr), 7, math.MaxUint32)
+			if uint32(got) != uint32(want) {
+				t.Errorf("memchr(%d, %d, %d) = %d, want %d",
+					ptr, 7, uint32(math.MaxUint32), uint32(got), uint32(want))
+			}
+		}
+
+		got := call(memchr, uint64(ptr), 7, uint64(length))
+		if uint32(got) != uint32(want) {
+			t.Errorf("memchr(%d, %d, %d) = %d, want %d",
+				ptr, 7, uint64(length), uint32(got), uint32(want))
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func Test_strchr(t *testing.T) {
+	for length := range 64 {
+		for pos := range length + 2 {
+			for alignment := range 24 {
+				ptr := (page - 8) + alignment
+				want := 0
+				if pos < length {
+					want = ptr + pos
+				}
+
+				clear(memory[:2*page])
+				fill(memory[ptr:ptr+max(pos, length)], 5)
+				memory[ptr+pos] = 7
+				memory[ptr+pos+1] = 7
+				memory[ptr+length] = 0
+
+				got := call(strchr, uint64(ptr), 7)
+				if uint32(got) != uint32(want) {
+					t.Errorf("strchr(%d, %d) = %d, want %d",
+						ptr, 7, uint32(got), uint32(want))
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		clear(memory)
+		ptr := len(memory) - length
+		fill(memory[ptr:ptr+length], 5)
+		memory[len(memory)-1] = 7
+
+		want := len(memory) - 1
+		if length == 0 {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		got := call(strchr, uint64(ptr), 7)
+		if uint32(got) != uint32(want) {
+			t.Errorf("strchr(%d, %d) = %d, want %d",
+				ptr, 7, uint32(got), uint32(want))
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func Test_strrchr(t *testing.T) {
+	for length := range 64 {
+		for pos := range length + 2 {
+			for alignment := range 24 {
+				ptr := (page - 8) + alignment
+				want := 0
+				if pos < length {
+					want = ptr + pos
+				} else if length > 0 {
+					want = ptr
+				}
+
+				clear(memory[:2*page])
+				fill(memory[ptr:ptr+max(pos, length)], 5)
+				memory[ptr] = 7
+				memory[ptr+pos] = 7
+				memory[ptr+length] = 0
+
+				got := call(strrchr, uint64(ptr), 7)
+				if uint32(got) != uint32(want) {
+					t.Errorf("strrchr(%d, %d) = %d, want %d",
+						ptr, 7, uint32(got), uint32(want))
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		ptr := len(memory) - length
+		want := len(memory) - 2
+		if length <= 1 {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		clear(memory)
+		fill(memory[ptr:ptr+length], 5)
+		memory[ptr] = 7
+		memory[len(memory)-2] = 7
+		memory[len(memory)-1] = 0
+
+		got := call(strrchr, uint64(ptr), 7)
+		if uint32(got) != uint32(want) {
+			t.Errorf("strrchr(%d, %d) = %d, want %d",
+				ptr, 7, uint32(got), uint32(want))
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+const (
+	compareTest1 = "" +
+		"\x94\x63\x8f\x01\x74\x63\x8f\x01\x54\x63\x8f\x01\x34\x63\x8f\x01" +
+		"\xb4\xf2\x93\x01\x94\xf2\x93\x01\x54\xf1\x93\x01\x34\xf1\x93\x01" +
+		"\x14\xf1\x93\x01\x14\xf2\x93\x01\x34\xf2\x93\x01\x54\xf2\x93\x01" +
+		"\x74\xf2\x93\x01\x74\xf1\x93\x01\xd4\xf2\x93\x01\x94\xf1\x93\x01" +
+		"\xb4\xf1\x93\x01\xd4\xf1\x93\x01\xf4\xf1\x93\x01\xf4\xf2\x93\x01" +
+		"\x14\xf4\x93\x01\xf4\xf3\x93\x01\xd4\xf3\x93\x01\xb4\xf3\x93\x01" +
+		"\x94\xf3\x93\x01\x74\x80\x93\x01\x54\xf3\x93\x01\x34\xf3\x93\x01" +
+		"\x7f\xf3\x93\x01\x00\x01"
+	compareTest2 = "" +
+		"\x94\x63\x8f\x01\x74\x63\x8f\x01\x54\x63\x8f\x01\x34\x63\x8f\x01" +
+		"\xb4\xf2\x93\x01\x94\xf2\x93\x01\x54\xf1\x93\x01\x34\xf1\x93\x01" +
+		"\x14\xf1\x93\x01\x14\xf2\x93\x01\x34\xf2\x93\x01\x54\xf2\x93\x01" +
+		"\x74\xf2\x93\x01\x74\xf1\x93\x01\xd4\xf2\x93\x01\x94\xf1\x93\x01" +
+		"\xb4\xf1\x93\x01\xd4\xf1\x93\x01\xf4\xf1\x93\x01\xf4\xf2\x93\x01" +
+		"\xbc\x40\x96\x01\xf4\xf3\x93\x01\xd4\xf3\x93\x01\xb4\xf3\x93\x01" +
+		"\x94\xf3\x93\x01\x74\x7f\x93\x01\x54\xf3\x93\x01\x34\xf3\x93\x01" +
+		"\x80\xf3\x93\x01\x00\x02"
+)
+
+func Test_memcmp(t *testing.T) {
+	const s1 = compareTest1
+	const s2 = compareTest2
+
+	ptr2 := len(memory) - len(s2)
+
+	clear(memory)
+	copy(memory[ptr1:], s1)
+	copy(memory[ptr2:], s2)
+
+	for i := range len(s1) + 1 {
+		for j := range len(s1) - i {
+			want := strings.Compare(s1[i:i+j], s2[i:i+j])
+			got := call(memcmp, uint64(ptr1+i), uint64(ptr2+i), uint64(j))
+			if sign(int32(got)) != want {
+				t.Errorf("strcmp(%d, %d, %d) = %d, want %d",
+					ptr1+i, ptr2+i, j, int32(got), want)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func Test_strspn(t *testing.T) {
+	for length := range 64 {
+		for pos := range length + 2 {
+			for alignment := range 24 {
+				ptr := (page - 8) + alignment
+				want := min(pos, length)
+
+				clear(memory[:2*page])
+				fill(memory[ptr:ptr+max(pos, length)], 5)
+				memory[ptr+pos] = 7
+				memory[ptr+length] = 0
+				memory[128] = 7 | 128
+				memory[129] = 5
+
+				got := call(strspn, uint64(ptr), 129)
+				if uint32(got) != uint32(want) {
+					t.Errorf("strspn(%d, %d) = %d, want %d",
+						ptr, 129, uint32(got), uint32(want))
+				}
+
+				got = call(strspn, uint64(ptr), 128)
+				if uint32(got) != uint32(want) {
+					t.Errorf("strspn(%d, %d) = %d, want %d",
+						ptr, 128, uint32(got), uint32(want))
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		ptr := len(memory) - length
+		want := length - 1
+		if length == 0 {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		clear(memory)
+		fill(memory[ptr:ptr+length], 5)
+		memory[len(memory)-1] = 7
+		memory[128] = 7 | 128
+		memory[129] = 5
+
+		got := call(strspn, uint64(ptr), 129)
+		if uint32(got) != uint32(want) {
+			t.Errorf("strspn(%d, %d) = %d, want %d",
+				ptr, 129, uint32(got), uint32(want))
+		}
+
+		got = call(strspn, uint64(ptr), 128)
+		if uint32(got) != uint32(want) {
+			t.Errorf("strspn(%d, %d) = %d, want %d",
+				ptr, 128, uint32(got), uint32(want))
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func Test_strcspn(t *testing.T) {
+	for length := range 64 {
+		for pos := range length + 2 {
+			for alignment := range 24 {
+				ptr := (page - 8) + alignment
+				want := min(pos, length)
+
+				clear(memory[:2*page])
+				fill(memory[ptr:ptr+max(pos, length)], 5)
+				memory[ptr+pos] = 7
+				memory[ptr+length] = 0
+				memory[128] = 5 | 128
+				memory[129] = 7
+
+				got := call(strcspn, uint64(ptr), 129)
+				if uint32(got) != uint32(want) {
+					t.Errorf("strcspn(%d, %d) = %d, want %d",
+						ptr, 129, uint32(got), uint32(want))
+				}
+
+				got = call(strcspn, uint64(ptr), 128)
+				if uint32(got) != uint32(want) {
+					t.Errorf("strcspn(%d, %d) = %d, want %d",
+						ptr, 128, uint32(got), uint32(want))
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		ptr := len(memory) - length
+		want := length - 1
+		if length == 0 {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		clear(memory)
+		fill(memory[ptr:ptr+length], 5)
+		memory[len(memory)-1] = 7
+		memory[128] = 5 | 128
+		memory[129] = 7
+
+		got := call(strcspn, uint64(ptr), 129)
+		if uint32(got) != uint32(want) {
+			t.Errorf("strcspn(%d, %d) = %d, want %d",
+				ptr, 129, uint32(got), uint32(want))
+		}
+
+		got = call(strcspn, uint64(ptr), 128)
+		if uint32(got) != uint32(want) {
+			t.Errorf("strcspn(%d, %d) = %d, want %d",
+				ptr, 128, uint32(got), uint32(want))
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+type searchTest struct {
+	haystk string
+	needle string
+	out    int
+}
+
+var searchTests = []searchTest{
+	{"", "", 0},
+	{"", "a", -1},
+	{"", "foo", -1},
+	{"fo", "foo", -1},
+	{"foo", "baz", -1},
+	{"foo", "foo", 0},
+	{"oofofoofooo", "f", 2},
+	{"oofofoofooo", "foo", 4},
+	{"barfoobarfoo", "foo", 3},
+	{"foo", "", 0},
+	{"foo", "o", 1},
+	{"jrzm6jjhorimglljrea4w3rlgosts0w2gia17hno2td4qd1jz", "jz", 47},
+	{"ekkuk5oft4eq0ocpacknhwouic1uua46unx12l37nioq9wbpnocqks6", "ks6", 52},
+	{"999f2xmimunbuyew5vrkla9cpwhmxan8o98ec", "98ec", 33},
+	{"9lpt9r98i04k8bz6c6dsrthb96bhi", "96bhi", 24},
+	{"55u558eqfaod2r2gu42xxsu631xf0zobs5840vl", "5840vl", 33},
+	{"", "a", -1},
+	{"x", "a", -1},
+	{"x", "x", 0},
+	{"abc", "a", 0},
+	{"abc", "b", 1},
+	{"abc", "c", 2},
+	{"abc", "x", -1},
+	{"", "ab", -1},
+	{"bc", "ab", -1},
+	{"ab", "ab", 0},
+	{"xab", "ab", 1},
+	{"xab"[:2], "ab", -1},
+	{"", "abc", -1},
+	{"xbc", "abc", -1},
+	{"abc", "abc", 0},
+	{"xabc", "abc", 1},
+	{"xabc"[:3], "abc", -1},
+	{"xabxc", "abc", -1},
+	{"", "abcd", -1},
+	{"xbcd", "abcd", -1},
+	{"abcd", "abcd", 0},
+	{"xabcd", "abcd", 1},
+	{"xyabcd"[:5], "abcd", -1},
+	{"xbcqq", "abcqq", -1},
+	{"abcqq", "abcqq", 0},
+	{"xabcqq", "abcqq", 1},
+	{"xyabcqq"[:6], "abcqq", -1},
+	{"xabxcqq", "abcqq", -1},
+	{"xabcqxq", "abcqq", -1},
+	{"", "01234567", -1},
+	{"32145678", "01234567", -1},
+	{"01234567", "01234567", 0},
+	{"x01234567", "01234567", 1},
+	{"x0123456x01234567", "01234567", 9},
+	{"xx01234567"[:9], "01234567", -1},
+	{"", "0123456789", -1},
+	{"3214567844", "0123456789", -1},
+	{"0123456789", "0123456789", 0},
+	{"x0123456789", "0123456789", 1},
+	{"x012345678x0123456789", "0123456789", 11},
+	{"xyz0123456789"[:12], "0123456789", -1},
+	{"x01234567x89", "0123456789", -1},
+	{"", "0123456789012345", -1},
+	{"3214567889012345", "0123456789012345", -1},
+	{"0123456789012345", "0123456789012345", 0},
+	{"x0123456789012345", "0123456789012345", 1},
+	{"x012345678901234x0123456789012345", "0123456789012345", 17},
+	{"", "01234567890123456789", -1},
+	{"32145678890123456789", "01234567890123456789", -1},
+	{"01234567890123456789", "01234567890123456789", 0},
+	{"x01234567890123456789", "01234567890123456789", 1},
+	{"x0123456789012345678x01234567890123456789", "01234567890123456789", 21},
+	{"xyz01234567890123456789"[:22], "01234567890123456789", -1},
+	{"", "0123456789012345678901234567890", -1},
+	{"321456788901234567890123456789012345678911", "0123456789012345678901234567890", -1},
+	{"0123456789012345678901234567890", "0123456789012345678901234567890", 0},
+	{"x0123456789012345678901234567890", "0123456789012345678901234567890", 1},
+	{"x012345678901234567890123456789x0123456789012345678901234567890", "0123456789012345678901234567890", 32},
+	{"xyz0123456789012345678901234567890"[:33], "0123456789012345678901234567890", -1},
+	{"", "01234567890123456789012345678901", -1},
+	{"32145678890123456789012345678901234567890211", "01234567890123456789012345678901", -1},
+	{"01234567890123456789012345678901", "01234567890123456789012345678901", 0},
+	{"x01234567890123456789012345678901", "01234567890123456789012345678901", 1},
+	{"x0123456789012345678901234567890x01234567890123456789012345678901", "01234567890123456789012345678901", 33},
+	{"xyz01234567890123456789012345678901"[:34], "01234567890123456789012345678901", -1},
+	{"xxxxxx012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012", "012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012", 6},
+	{"", "0123456789012345678901234567890123456789", -1},
+	{"xx012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012", "0123456789012345678901234567890123456789", 2},
+	{"xx012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012"[:41], "0123456789012345678901234567890123456789", -1},
+	{"xx012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012", "0123456789012345678901234567890123456xxx", -1},
+	{"xx0123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890120123456789012345678901234567890123456xxx", "0123456789012345678901234567890123456xxx", 65},
+	{"barfoobarfooyyyzzzyyyzzzyyyzzzyyyxxxzzzyyy", "x", 33},
+	{"fofofofooofoboo", "oo", 7},
+	{"fofofofofofoboo", "ob", 11},
+	{"fofofofofofoboo", "boo", 12},
+	{"fofofofofofoboo", "oboo", 11},
+	{"fofofofofoooboo", "fooo", 8},
+	{"fofofofofofoboo", "foboo", 10},
+	{"fofofofofofoboo", "fofob", 8},
+	{"fofofofofofofoffofoobarfoo", "foffof", 12},
+	{"fofofofofoofofoffofoobarfoo", "foffof", 13},
+	{"fofofofofofofoffofoobarfoo", "foffofo", 12},
+	{"fofofofofoofofoffofoobarfoo", "foffofo", 13},
+	{"fofofofofoofofoffofoobarfoo", "foffofoo", 13},
+	{"fofofofofofofoffofoobarfoo", "foffofoo", 12},
+	{"fofofofofoofofoffofoobarfoo", "foffofoob", 13},
+	{"fofofofofofofoffofoobarfoo", "foffofoob", 12},
+	{"fofofofofoofofoffofoobarfoo", "foffofooba", 13},
+	{"fofofofofofofoffofoobarfoo", "foffofooba", 12},
+	{"fofofofofoofofoffofoobarfoo", "foffofoobar", 13},
+	{"fofofofofofofoffofoobarfoo", "foffofoobar", 12},
+	{"fofofofofoofofoffofoobarfoo", "foffofoobarf", 13},
+	{"fofofofofofofoffofoobarfoo", "foffofoobarf", 12},
+	{"fofofofofoofofoffofoobarfoo", "foffofoobarfo", 13},
+	{"fofofofofofofoffofoobarfoo", "foffofoobarfo", 12},
+	{"fofofofofoofofoffofoobarfoo", "foffofoobarfoo", 13},
+	{"fofofofofofofoffofoobarfoo", "foffofoobarfoo", 12},
+	{"fofofofofoofofoffofoobarfoo", "ofoffofoobarfoo", 12},
+	{"fofofofofofofoffofoobarfoo", "ofoffofoobarfoo", 11},
+	{"fofofofofoofofoffofoobarfoo", "fofoffofoobarfoo", 11},
+	{"fofofofofofofoffofoobarfoo", "fofoffofoobarfoo", 10},
+	{"fofofofofoofofoffofoobarfoo", "foobars", -1},
+	{"foofyfoobarfoobar", "y", 4},
+	{"oooooooooooooooooooooo", "r", -1},
+	{"oxoxoxoxoxoxoxoxoxoxoxoy", "oy", 22},
+	{"oxoxoxoxoxoxoxoxoxoxoxox", "oy", -1},
+	{"oxoxoxoxoxoxoxoxoxoxox☺", "☺", 22},
+	{"xx0123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890120123456789012345678901234567890123456xxx\xed\x9f\xc0", "\xed\x9f\xc0", 105},
+	{"000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001", "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001", 5},
+}
+
+func Fuzz_memchr(f *testing.F) {
+	f.Fuzz(func(t *testing.T, s string, c, i byte) {
+		if len(s) > 128 || int(i) > len(s) {
+			t.SkipNow()
+		}
+		copy(memory[ptr1:], s)
+
+		got := call(memchr, ptr1+uint64(i), uint64(c), uint64(len(s)-int(i)))
+		want := strings.IndexByte(s[i:], c)
+		if want >= 0 {
+			want = ptr1 + int(i) + want
+		} else {
+			want = 0
+		}
+
+		if uint32(got) != uint32(want) {
+			t.Errorf("memchr(%q, %q) = %d, want %d",
+				s[i:], c, uint32(got), uint32(want))
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func Fuzz_strchr(f *testing.F) {
+	f.Fuzz(func(t *testing.T, s string, c, i byte) {
+		if len(s) > 128 || int(i) > len(s) {
+			t.SkipNow()
+		}
+		copy(memory[ptr1:], s)
+		memory[ptr1+len(s)] = 0
+
+		got := call(strchr, ptr1+uint64(i), uint64(c))
+		want := bytes.IndexByte(term1(memory[ptr1+uint64(i):]), c)
+		if want >= 0 {
+			want = ptr1 + int(i) + want
+		} else {
+			want = 0
+		}
+
+		if uint32(got) != uint32(want) {
+			t.Errorf("strchr(%q, %q) = %d, want %d",
+				s[i:], c, uint32(got), uint32(want))
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func Fuzz_strrchr(f *testing.F) {
+	f.Fuzz(func(t *testing.T, s string, c, i byte) {
+		if len(s) > 128 || int(i) > len(s) {
+			t.SkipNow()
+		}
+		copy(memory[ptr1:], s)
+		memory[ptr1+len(s)] = 0
+
+		got := call(strrchr, ptr1+uint64(i), uint64(c))
+		want := bytes.LastIndexByte(term1(memory[ptr1+uint64(i):]), c)
+		if want >= 0 {
+			want = ptr1 + int(i) + want
+		} else {
+			want = 0
+		}
+
+		if uint32(got) != uint32(want) {
+			t.Errorf("strrchr(%q, %q) = %d, want %d",
+				s[i:], c, uint32(got), uint32(want))
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func Fuzz_memcmp(f *testing.F) {
+	const s1 = compareTest1
+	const s2 = compareTest2
+
+	for i := range len(compareTest1) + 1 {
+		f.Add(s1[i:], s2[i:])
+	}
+
+	f.Fuzz(func(t *testing.T, s1, s2 string) {
+		if len(s1) > 128 || len(s1) != len(s2) {
+			t.SkipNow()
+		}
+		copy(memory[ptr1:], s1)
+		copy(memory[ptr2:], s2)
+
+		got := call(memcmp, uint64(ptr1), uint64(ptr2), uint64(len(s1)))
+		want := strings.Compare(s1, s2)
+
+		if sign(int32(got)) != want {
+			t.Errorf("memcmp(%q, %q) = %d, want %d",
+				s1, s2, uint32(got), uint32(want))
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func Fuzz_strspn(f *testing.F) {
+	for _, t := range searchTests {
+		f.Add(t.haystk, t.needle)
+	}
+
+	f.Fuzz(func(t *testing.T, s, chars string) {
+		if len(s) > 128 || len(chars) > 128 {
+			t.SkipNow()
+		}
+		copy(memory[ptr1:], s)
+		copy(memory[ptr2:], chars)
+		memory[ptr1+len(s)] = 0
+		memory[ptr2+len(chars)] = 0
+
+		got := call(strspn, uint64(ptr1), uint64(ptr2))
+
+		s = term(s)
+		chars = term(chars)
+		want := indexNotByte(s, chars)
+
+		if uint32(got) != uint32(want) {
+			t.Errorf("strspn(%v, %v) = %d, want %d",
+				[]byte(memory[ptr1:ptr1+len(s)]),
+				[]byte(memory[ptr2:ptr2+len(chars)]),
+				uint32(got), uint32(want))
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func Fuzz_strcspn(f *testing.F) {
+	for _, t := range searchTests {
+		f.Add(t.haystk, t.needle)
+	}
+
+	f.Fuzz(func(t *testing.T, s, chars string) {
+		if len(s) > 128 || len(chars) > 128 {
+			t.SkipNow()
+		}
+		copy(memory[ptr1:], s)
+		copy(memory[ptr2:], chars)
+		memory[ptr1+len(s)] = 0
+		memory[ptr2+len(chars)] = 0
+
+		got := call(strcspn, uint64(ptr1), uint64(ptr2))
+
+		s = term(s)
+		chars = term(chars)
+		want := indexAnyByte(s, chars)
+
+		if uint32(got) != uint32(want) {
+			t.Errorf("strcspn(%q, %q) = %d, want %d",
+				s, chars, uint32(got), uint32(want))
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func sign(x int32) int {
+	switch {
+	case x > 0:
+		return +1
+	case x < 0:
+		return -1
+	default:
+		return 0
+	}
+}
+
+func fill(s []byte, v byte) {
+	for i := range s {
+		s[i] = v
+	}
+}
+
+func term[T interface{ []byte | string }](s T) T {
+	for i, c := range []byte(s) {
+		if c == 0 {
+			return s[:i]
+		}
+	}
+	return s
+}
+
+func term1[T interface{ []byte | string }](s T) T {
+	for i, c := range []byte(s) {
+		if c == 0 {
+			return s[:i+1]
+		}
+	}
+	return s
+}
+
+func indexNotByte(s, chars string) int {
+	for i, c := range []byte(s) {
+		if strings.IndexByte(chars, c) < 0 {
+			return i
+		}
+	}
+	return len(s)
+}
+
+func indexAnyByte(s, chars string) int {
+	for i, c := range []byte(s) {
+		if strings.IndexByte(chars, c) >= 0 {
+			return i
+		}
+	}
+	return len(s)
+}

sqlite3/libc/math.h

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+#include_next <math.h>  // the system math.h
+
+#ifndef _WASM_SIMD128_MATH_H
+#define _WASM_SIMD128_MATH_H
+
+#include <wasm_simd128.h>
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __wasm_relaxed_simd__
+
+// This header assumes "relaxed fused multiply-add"
+// is both faster and more precise.
+
+#define FP_FAST_FMA 1
+
+__attribute__((weak))
+double fma(double x, double y, double z) {
+  // If we get a software implementation from the host,
+  // this is enough to short circuit it on the 2nd lane.
+  const v128_t wx = wasm_f64x2_replace_lane(b, 0, x);
+  const v128_t wy = wasm_f64x2_splat(y);
+  const v128_t wz = wasm_f64x2_splat(z);
+  const v128_t wr = wasm_f64x2_relaxed_madd(wx, wy, wz);
+  return wasm_f64x2_extract_lane(wr, 0);
+}
+
+#endif  // __wasm_relaxed_simd__
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}  // extern "C"
+#endif
+
+#endif  // _WASM_SIMD128_MATH_H

sqlite3/libc/stdlib.h

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+#include_next <stdlib.h>  // the system stdlib.h
+
+#ifndef _WASM_SIMD128_STDLIB_H
+#define _WASM_SIMD128_STDLIB_H
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+// Shellsort with Gonnet & Baeza-Yates gap sequence.
+// Simple, no recursion, doesn't use the C stack.
+// Clang auto-vectorizes the inner loop.
+
+__attribute__((weak))
+void qsort(void *base, size_t nel, size_t width,
+           int (*comp)(const void *, const void *)) {
+  // If nel is zero, we're required to do nothing.
+  // If it's one, the array is already sorted.
+  size_t wnel = width * nel;
+  size_t gap = nel;
+  while (gap > 1) {
+    // Use 64-bit unsigned arithmetic to avoid intermediate overflow.
+    // Absent overflow, gap will be strictly less than its previous value.
+    // Once it is one or zero, set it to one: do a final pass, and stop.
+    gap = (5ull * gap - 1) / 11;
+    if (gap == 0) gap = 1;
+
+    // It'd be undefined behavior for wnel to overflow a size_t;
+    // or if width is zero: the base pointer would be invalid.
+    // Since gap is stricly less than nel, we can assume
+    // wgap is strictly less than wnel.
+    size_t wgap = width * gap;
+    __builtin_assume(wgap < wnel);
+    for (size_t i = wgap; i < wnel; i += width) {
+      // Even without overflow flags, the overflow builtin helps the compiler.
+      for (size_t j = i; !__builtin_sub_overflow(j, wgap, &j);) {
+        char *a = j + (char *)base;
+        char *b = a + wgap;
+        if (comp(a, b) <= 0) break;
+
+        // This well known loop is automatically vectorized.
+        size_t s = width;
+        do {
+          char tmp = *a;
+          *a++ = *b;
+          *b++ = tmp;
+        } while (--s);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}  // extern "C"
+#endif
+
+#endif  // _WASM_SIMD128_STDLIB_H

sqlite3/libc/string.h

@@ -0,0 +1,481 @@
+#include_next <string.h>  // the system string.h
+
+#ifndef _WASM_SIMD128_STRING_H
+#define _WASM_SIMD128_STRING_H
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <wasm_simd128.h>
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __wasm_bulk_memory__
+
+// Use the builtins if compiled with bulk memory operations.
+// Clang will intrinsify using SIMD for small, constant N.
+
+__attribute__((weak, always_inline))
+void *memset(void *dest, int c, size_t n) {
+  return __builtin_memset(dest, c, n);
+}
+
+__attribute__((weak, always_inline))
+void *memcpy(void *__restrict dest, const void *__restrict src, size_t n) {
+  return __builtin_memcpy(dest, src, n);
+}
+
+__attribute__((weak, always_inline))
+void *memmove(void *dest, const void *src, size_t n) {
+  return __builtin_memmove(dest, src, n);
+}
+
+#endif  // __wasm_bulk_memory__
+
+#ifdef __wasm_simd128__
+
+__attribute__((weak))
+int memcmp(const void *vl, const void *vr, size_t n) {
+  // Scalar algorithm.
+  if (n < sizeof(v128_t)) {
+    const unsigned char *u1 = (unsigned char *)vl;
+    const unsigned char *u2 = (unsigned char *)vr;
+    while (n--) {
+      if (*u1 != *u2) return *u1 - *u2;
+      u1++;
+      u2++;
+    }
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  // memcmp is allowed to read up to n bytes from each object.
+  // Find the first different character in the objects.
+  // Unaligned loads handle the case where the objects
+  // have mismatching alignments.
+  const v128_t *v1 = (v128_t *)vl;
+  const v128_t *v2 = (v128_t *)vr;
+  while (n) {
+    const v128_t cmp = wasm_i8x16_eq(wasm_v128_load(v1), wasm_v128_load(v2));
+    // Bitmask is slow on AArch64, all_true is much faster.
+    if (!wasm_i8x16_all_true(cmp)) {
+      // Find the offset of the first zero bit (little-endian).
+      size_t ctz = __builtin_ctz(~wasm_i8x16_bitmask(cmp));
+      const unsigned char *u1 = (unsigned char *)v1 + ctz;
+      const unsigned char *u2 = (unsigned char *)v2 + ctz;
+      // This may help the compiler if the function is inlined.
+      __builtin_assume(*u1 - *u2 != 0);
+      return *u1 - *u2;
+    }
+    // This makes n a multiple of sizeof(v128_t)
+    // for every iteration except the first.
+    size_t align = (n - 1) % sizeof(v128_t) + 1;
+    v1 = (v128_t *)((char *)v1 + align);
+    v2 = (v128_t *)((char *)v2 + align);
+    n -= align;
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+__attribute__((weak))
+void *memchr(const void *s, int c, size_t n) {
+  // When n is zero, a function that locates a character finds no occurrence.
+  // Otherwise, decrement n to ensure sub_overflow overflows
+  // when n would go equal-to-or-below zero.
+  if (!n--) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  // memchr must behave as if it reads characters sequentially
+  // and stops as soon as a match is found.
+  // Aligning ensures out of bounds loads are safe.
+  uintptr_t align = (uintptr_t)s % sizeof(v128_t);
+  uintptr_t addr = (uintptr_t)s - align;
+  v128_t vc = wasm_i8x16_splat(c);
+
+  for (;;) {
+    v128_t v = *(v128_t *)addr;
+    v128_t cmp = wasm_i8x16_eq(v, vc);
+    // Bitmask is slow on AArch64, any_true is much faster.
+    if (wasm_v128_any_true(cmp)) {
+      // Clear the bits corresponding to align (little-endian)
+      // so we can count trailing zeros.
+      int mask = wasm_i8x16_bitmask(cmp) >> align << align;
+      // At least one bit will be set, unless align cleared them.
+      // Knowing this helps the compiler if it unrolls the loop.
+      __builtin_assume(mask || align);
+      // If the mask became zero because of align,
+      // it's as if we didn't find anything.
+      if (mask) {
+        // Find the offset of the first one bit (little-endian).
+        // That's a match, unless it is beyond the end of the object.
+        // Recall that we decremented n, so less-than-or-equal-to is correct.
+        size_t ctz = __builtin_ctz(mask);
+        return ctz - align <= n ? (char *)s + (addr - (uintptr_t)s + ctz) : NULL;
+      }
+    }
+    // Decrement n; if it overflows we're done.
+    if (__builtin_sub_overflow(n, sizeof(v128_t) - align, &n)) {
+      return NULL;
+    }
+    align = 0;
+    addr += sizeof(v128_t);
+  }
+}
+
+__attribute__((weak))
+void *memrchr(const void *s, int c, size_t n) {
+  // memrchr is allowed to read up to n bytes from the object.
+  // Search backward for the last matching character.
+  const v128_t *v = (v128_t *)((char *)s + n);
+  const v128_t vc = wasm_i8x16_splat(c);
+  for (; n >= sizeof(v128_t); n -= sizeof(v128_t)) {
+    const v128_t cmp = wasm_i8x16_eq(wasm_v128_load(--v), vc);
+    // Bitmask is slow on AArch64, any_true is much faster.
+    if (wasm_v128_any_true(cmp)) {
+      // Find the offset of the last one bit (little-endian).
+      // The leading 16 bits of the bitmask are always zero,
+      // and to be ignored.
+      size_t clz = __builtin_clz(wasm_i8x16_bitmask(cmp)) - 16;
+      return (char *)(v + 1) - (clz + 1);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Scalar algorithm.
+  const char *a = (char *)v;
+  while (n--) {
+    if (*(--a) == (char)c) return (char *)a;
+  }
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+__attribute__((weak))
+size_t strlen(const char *s) {
+  // strlen must stop as soon as it finds the terminator.
+  // Aligning ensures out of bounds loads are safe.
+  uintptr_t align = (uintptr_t)s % sizeof(v128_t);
+  uintptr_t addr = (uintptr_t)s - align;
+
+  for (;;) {
+    v128_t v = *(v128_t *)addr;
+    // Bitmask is slow on AArch64, all_true is much faster.
+    if (!wasm_i8x16_all_true(v)) {
+      const v128_t cmp = wasm_i8x16_eq(v, (v128_t){});
+      // Clear the bits corresponding to align (little-endian)
+      // so we can count trailing zeros.
+      int mask = wasm_i8x16_bitmask(cmp) >> align << align;
+      // At least one bit will be set, unless align cleared them.
+      // Knowing this helps the compiler if it unrolls the loop.
+      __builtin_assume(mask || align);
+      // If the mask became zero because of align,
+      // it's as if we didn't find anything.
+      if (mask) {
+        // Find the offset of the first one bit (little-endian).
+        return addr - (uintptr_t)s + __builtin_ctz(mask);
+      }
+    }
+    align = 0;
+    addr += sizeof(v128_t);
+  }
+}
+
+static char *__strchrnul(const char *s, int c) {
+  // strchrnul must stop as soon as a match is found.
+  // Aligning ensures out of bounds loads are safe.
+  uintptr_t align = (uintptr_t)s % sizeof(v128_t);
+  uintptr_t addr = (uintptr_t)s - align;
+  v128_t vc = wasm_i8x16_splat(c);
+
+  for (;;) {
+    v128_t v = *(v128_t *)addr;
+    const v128_t cmp = wasm_i8x16_eq(v, (v128_t){}) | wasm_i8x16_eq(v, vc);
+    // Bitmask is slow on AArch64, any_true is much faster.
+    if (wasm_v128_any_true(cmp)) {
+      // Clear the bits corresponding to align (little-endian)
+      // so we can count trailing zeros.
+      int mask = wasm_i8x16_bitmask(cmp) >> align << align;
+      // At least one bit will be set, unless align cleared them.
+      // Knowing this helps the compiler if it unrolls the loop.
+      __builtin_assume(mask || align);
+      // If the mask became zero because of align,
+      // it's as if we didn't find anything.
+      if (mask) {
+        // Find the offset of the first one bit (little-endian).
+        return (char *)s + (addr - (uintptr_t)s + __builtin_ctz(mask));
+      }
+    }
+    align = 0;
+    addr += sizeof(v128_t);
+  }
+}
+
+__attribute__((weak, always_inline))
+char *strchrnul(const char *s, int c) {
+  // For finding the terminator, strlen is faster.
+  if (__builtin_constant_p(c) && (char)c == 0) {
+    return (char *)s + strlen(s);
+  }
+  return __strchrnul(s, c);
+}
+
+__attribute__((weak, always_inline))
+char *strchr(const char *s, int c) {
+  // For finding the terminator, strlen is faster.
+  if (__builtin_constant_p(c) && (char)c == 0) {
+    return (char *)s + strlen(s);
+  }
+  char *r = __strchrnul(s, c);
+  return *r == (char)c ? r : NULL;
+}
+
+__attribute__((weak, always_inline))
+char *strrchr(const char *s, int c) {
+  // For finding the terminator, strlen is faster.
+  if (__builtin_constant_p(c) && (char)c == 0) {
+    return (char *)s + strlen(s);
+  }
+  // This could also be implemented in a single pass using strchr,
+  // advancing to the next match until no more matches are found.
+  // That would be suboptimal with lots of consecutive matches.
+  return (char *)memrchr(s, c, strlen(s) + 1);
+}
+
+// SIMDized check which bytes are in a set (Geoff Langdale)
+// http://0x80.pl/notesen/2018-10-18-simd-byte-lookup.html
+
+// This is the same algorithm as truffle from Hyperscan:
+// https://github.com/intel/hyperscan/blob/v5.4.2/src/nfa/truffle.c#L64-L81
+// https://github.com/intel/hyperscan/blob/v5.4.2/src/nfa/trufflecompile.cpp
+
+typedef struct {
+  __u8x16 lo;
+  __u8x16 hi;
+} __wasm_v128_bitmap256_t;
+
+__attribute__((always_inline))
+static void __wasm_v128_setbit(__wasm_v128_bitmap256_t *bitmap, uint8_t i) {
+  uint8_t hi_nibble = i >> 4;
+  uint8_t lo_nibble = i & 0xf;
+  bitmap->lo[lo_nibble] |= (uint8_t)(1u << (hi_nibble - 0));
+  bitmap->hi[lo_nibble] |= (uint8_t)(1u << (hi_nibble - 8));
+}
+
+#ifndef __wasm_relaxed_simd__
+
+#define wasm_i8x16_relaxed_swizzle wasm_i8x16_swizzle
+
+#endif  // __wasm_relaxed_simd__
+
+__attribute__((always_inline))
+static v128_t __wasm_v128_chkbits(__wasm_v128_bitmap256_t bitmap, v128_t v) {
+  v128_t hi_nibbles = wasm_u8x16_shr(v, 4);
+  v128_t bitmask_lookup = wasm_u64x2_const_splat(0x8040201008040201);
+  v128_t bitmask = wasm_i8x16_relaxed_swizzle(bitmask_lookup, hi_nibbles);
+
+  v128_t indices_0_7 = v & wasm_u8x16_const_splat(0x8f);
+  v128_t indices_8_15 = indices_0_7 ^ wasm_u8x16_const_splat(0x80);
+
+  v128_t row_0_7 = wasm_i8x16_swizzle((v128_t)bitmap.lo, indices_0_7);
+  v128_t row_8_15 = wasm_i8x16_swizzle((v128_t)bitmap.hi, indices_8_15);
+
+  v128_t bitsets = row_0_7 | row_8_15;
+  return bitsets & bitmask;
+}
+
+#undef wasm_i8x16_relaxed_swizzle
+
+__attribute__((weak))
+size_t strspn(const char *s, const char *c) {
+  // strspn must stop as soon as it finds the terminator.
+  // Aligning ensures out of bounds loads are safe.
+  uintptr_t align = (uintptr_t)s % sizeof(v128_t);
+  uintptr_t addr = (uintptr_t)s - align;
+
+  if (!c[0]) return 0;
+  if (!c[1]) {
+    v128_t vc = wasm_i8x16_splat(*c);
+    for (;;) {
+      v128_t v = *(v128_t *)addr;
+      v128_t cmp = wasm_i8x16_eq(v, vc);
+      // Bitmask is slow on AArch64, all_true is much faster.
+      if (!wasm_i8x16_all_true(cmp)) {
+        // Clear the bits corresponding to align (little-endian)
+        // so we can count trailing zeros.
+        int mask = (uint16_t)~wasm_i8x16_bitmask(cmp) >> align << align;
+        // At least one bit will be set, unless align cleared them.
+        // Knowing this helps the compiler if it unrolls the loop.
+        __builtin_assume(mask || align);
+        // If the mask became zero because of align,
+        // it's as if we didn't find anything.
+        if (mask) {
+          // Find the offset of the first one bit (little-endian).
+          return addr - (uintptr_t)s + __builtin_ctz(mask);
+        }
+      }
+      align = 0;
+      addr += sizeof(v128_t);
+    }
+  }
+
+  __wasm_v128_bitmap256_t bitmap = {};
+
+  for (; *c; c++) {
+    // Terminator IS NOT on the bitmap.
+    __wasm_v128_setbit(&bitmap, (uint8_t)*c);
+  }
+
+  for (;;) {
+    v128_t v = *(v128_t *)addr;
+    v128_t found = __wasm_v128_chkbits(bitmap, v);
+    // Bitmask is slow on AArch64, all_true is much faster.
+    if (!wasm_i8x16_all_true(found)) {
+      v128_t cmp = wasm_i8x16_eq(found, (v128_t){});
+      // Clear the bits corresponding to align (little-endian)
+      // so we can count trailing zeros.
+      int mask = wasm_i8x16_bitmask(cmp) >> align << align;
+      // At least one bit will be set, unless align cleared them.
+      // Knowing this helps the compiler if it unrolls the loop.
+      __builtin_assume(mask || align);
+      // If the mask became zero because of align,
+      // it's as if we didn't find anything.
+      if (mask) {
+        // Find the offset of the first one bit (little-endian).
+        return addr - (uintptr_t)s + __builtin_ctz(mask);
+      }
+    }
+    align = 0;
+    addr += sizeof(v128_t);
+  }
+}
+
+__attribute__((weak))
+size_t strcspn(const char *s, const char *c) {
+  if (!c[0] || !c[1]) return __strchrnul(s, *c) - s;
+
+  // strcspn must stop as soon as it finds the terminator.
+  // Aligning ensures out of bounds loads are safe.
+  uintptr_t align = (uintptr_t)s % sizeof(v128_t);
+  uintptr_t addr = (uintptr_t)s - align;
+
+  __wasm_v128_bitmap256_t bitmap = {};
+
+  do {
+    // Terminator IS on the bitmap.
+    __wasm_v128_setbit(&bitmap, (uint8_t)*c);
+  } while (*c++);
+
+  for (;;) {
+    v128_t v = *(v128_t *)addr;
+    v128_t found = __wasm_v128_chkbits(bitmap, v);
+    // Bitmask is slow on AArch64, any_true is much faster.
+    if (wasm_v128_any_true(found)) {
+      v128_t cmp = wasm_i8x16_eq(found, (v128_t){});
+      // Clear the bits corresponding to align (little-endian)
+      // so we can count trailing zeros.
+      int mask = (uint16_t)~wasm_i8x16_bitmask(cmp) >> align << align;
+      // At least one bit will be set, unless align cleared them.
+      // Knowing this helps the compiler if it unrolls the loop.
+      __builtin_assume(mask || align);
+      // If the mask became zero because of align,
+      // it's as if we didn't find anything.
+      if (mask) {
+        // Find the offset of the first one bit (little-endian).
+        return addr - (uintptr_t)s + __builtin_ctz(mask);
+      }
+    }
+    align = 0;
+    addr += sizeof(v128_t);
+  }
+}
+
+// Given the above SIMD implementations,
+// these are best implemented as
+// small wrappers over those functions.
+
+// Simple wrappers already in musl:
+//  - mempcpy
+//  - strcat
+//  - strlcat
+//  - strdup
+//  - strndup
+//  - strnlen
+//  - strpbrk
+//  - strsep
+//  - strtok
+
+__attribute__((weak))
+void *memccpy(void *__restrict dest, const void *__restrict src, int c,
+              size_t n) {
+  const void *m = memchr(src, c, n);
+  if (m != NULL) {
+    n = (char *)m - (char *)src + 1;
+    m = (char *)dest + n;
+  }
+  memcpy(dest, src, n);
+  return (void *)m;
+}
+
+__attribute__((weak))
+size_t strlcpy(char *__restrict dest, const char *__restrict src, size_t n) {
+  size_t slen = strlen(src);
+  if (n--) {
+    if (n > slen) n = slen;
+    memcpy(dest, src, n);
+    dest[n] = 0;
+  }
+  return slen;
+}
+
+__attribute__((weak))
+char *strncat(char *__restrict dest, const char *__restrict src, size_t n) {
+  size_t strnlen(const char *s, size_t n);
+  size_t dlen = strlen(dest);
+  size_t slen = strnlen(src, n);
+  memcpy(dest + dlen, src, slen);
+  dest[dlen + slen] = 0;
+  return dest;
+}
+
+static char *__stpcpy(char *__restrict dest, const char *__restrict src) {
+  size_t slen = strlen(src);
+  memcpy(dest, src, slen + 1);
+  return dest + slen;
+}
+
+static char *__stpncpy(char *__restrict dest, const char *__restrict src,
+                       size_t n) {
+  size_t strnlen(const char *s, size_t n);
+  size_t slen = strnlen(src, n);
+  memcpy(dest, src, slen);
+  memset(dest + slen, 0, n - slen);
+  return dest + slen;
+}
+
+__attribute__((weak, always_inline))
+char *stpcpy(char *__restrict dest, const char *__restrict src) {
+  return __stpcpy(dest, src);
+}
+
+__attribute__((weak, always_inline))
+char *strcpy(char *__restrict dest, const char *__restrict src) {
+  __stpcpy(dest, src);
+  return dest;
+}
+
+__attribute__((weak, always_inline))
+char *stpncpy(char *__restrict dest, const char *__restrict src, size_t n) {
+  return __stpncpy(dest, src, n);
+}
+
+__attribute__((weak, always_inline))
+char *strncpy(char *__restrict dest, const char *__restrict src, size_t n) {
+  __stpncpy(dest, src, n);
+  return dest;
+}
+
+#endif  // __wasm_simd128__
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}  // extern "C"
+#endif
+
+#endif  // _WASM_SIMD128_STRING_H

sqlite3/main.c

@@ -10,12 +10,11 @@
 #include "ext/spellfix.c"
 #include "ext/uint.c"
 // Bindings
-#include "bind.c"
-#include "column.c"
 #include "func.c"
 #include "hooks.c"
 #include "pointer.c"
-#include "result.c"
+#include "stmt.c"
+#include "text.c"
 #include "time.c"
 #include "vfs.c"
 #include "vtab.c"

sqlite3/result.c

@@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
-#include <math.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-
-#include "sqlite3.h"
-
-void sqlite3_result_text_go(sqlite3_context *ctx, const char *zData,
-                            sqlite3_uint64 nData) {
-  sqlite3_result_text64(ctx, zData, nData, &sqlite3_free, SQLITE_UTF8);
-}
-
-void sqlite3_result_blob_go(sqlite3_context *ctx, const void *zData,
-                            sqlite3_uint64 nData) {
-  sqlite3_result_blob64(ctx, zData, nData, &sqlite3_free);
-}

sqlite3/sqlite_opt.h

@@ -4,15 +4,15 @@
 #define SQLITE_THREADSAFE 0
 #define SQLITE_DEFAULT_WAL_SYNCHRONOUS 1
 #define SQLITE_LIKE_DOESNT_MATCH_BLOBS
-#define SQLITE_MAX_EXPR_DEPTH 0
 #define SQLITE_STRICT_SUBTYPE 1
-#define SQLITE_USE_ALLOCA
 #define SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
 #define SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE
 #define SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT
 
 // We need these:
 // #define SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS 0
+// #define SQLITE_MAX_EXPR_DEPTH 0
+// #define SQLITE_USE_ALLOCA
 // #define SQLITE_OMIT_DECLTYPE
 // #define SQLITE_OMIT_PROGRESS_CALLBACK
 
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 #define SQLITE_ALLOW_URI_AUTHORITY
 #define SQLITE_TRUSTED_SCHEMA 0
 #define SQLITE_DEFAULT_FOREIGN_KEYS 1
+#define SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
 #define SQLITE_ENABLE_ATOMIC_WRITE
 #define SQLITE_ENABLE_BATCH_ATOMIC_WRITE
 #define SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA

sqlite3/stmt.c

@@ -2,6 +2,11 @@
 
 #include "sqlite3.h"
 
+int sqlite3_exec_go(sqlite3_stmt *stmt) {
+  while (sqlite3_step(stmt) == SQLITE_ROW);
+  return sqlite3_reset(stmt);
+}
+
 union sqlite3_data {
   sqlite3_int64 i;
   double d;
@@ -16,7 +21,7 @@ int sqlite3_columns_go(sqlite3_stmt *stmt, int nCol, char *aType,
   if (nCol != sqlite3_column_count(stmt)) {
     return SQLITE_MISUSE;
   }
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  bool check = false;
   for (int i = 0; i < nCol; ++i) {
     const void *ptr = NULL;
     switch (aType[i] = sqlite3_column_type(stmt, i)) {
@@ -36,16 +41,14 @@ int sqlite3_columns_go(sqlite3_stmt *stmt, int nCol, char *aType,
         ptr = sqlite3_column_blob(stmt, i);
         break;
     }
-    if (ptr == NULL && rc == SQLITE_OK) {
-      rc = sqlite3_errcode(sqlite3_db_handle(stmt));
-      if (rc == SQLITE_ROW || rc == SQLITE_DONE) {
-        rc = SQLITE_OK;
-      }
-    }
     aData[i].ptr = ptr;
     aData[i].len = sqlite3_column_bytes(stmt, i);
+    if (ptr == NULL) check = true;
   }
-  return rc;
+  if (check && SQLITE_NOMEM == sqlite3_errcode(sqlite3_db_handle(stmt))) {
+    return SQLITE_NOMEM;
+  }
+  return SQLITE_OK;
 }
 
 static_assert(offsetof(union sqlite3_data, i) == 0, "Unexpected offset");

sqlite3/text.c

@@ -10,4 +10,14 @@ int sqlite3_bind_text_go(sqlite3_stmt *stmt, int i, const char *zData,
 int sqlite3_bind_blob_go(sqlite3_stmt *stmt, int i, const char *zData,
                          sqlite3_uint64 nData) {
   return sqlite3_bind_blob64(stmt, i, zData, nData, &sqlite3_free);
+}
+
+void sqlite3_result_text_go(sqlite3_context *ctx, const char *zData,
+                            sqlite3_uint64 nData) {
+  sqlite3_result_text64(ctx, zData, nData, &sqlite3_free, SQLITE_UTF8);
+}
+
+void sqlite3_result_blob_go(sqlite3_context *ctx, const void *zData,
+                            sqlite3_uint64 nData) {
+  sqlite3_result_blob64(ctx, zData, nData, &sqlite3_free);
 }

sqlite3/tools.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -euo pipefail
+
+cd -P -- "$(dirname -- "$0")"
+
+ROOT=../
+
+if [[ "$OSTYPE" == "msys" || "$OSTYPE" == "cygwin" ]]; then
+  WASI_SDK="x86_64-windows"
+  BINARYEN="x86_64-windows"
+elif [[ "$OSTYPE" == "linux"* ]]; then
+  if [[ "$(uname -m)" == "x86_64" ]]; then
+    WASI_SDK="x86_64-linux"
+    BINARYEN="x86_64-linux"
+  else
+    WASI_SDK="arm64-linux"
+    BINARYEN="aarch64-linux"
+  fi
+elif [[ "$OSTYPE" == "darwin"* ]]; then
+  if [[ "$(uname -m)" == "x86_64" ]]; then
+    WASI_SDK="x86_64-macos"
+    BINARYEN="x86_64-macos"
+  else
+    WASI_SDK="arm64-macos"
+    BINARYEN="arm64-macos"
+  fi
+fi
+
+WASI_SDK="https://github.com/WebAssembly/wasi-sdk/releases/download/wasi-sdk-27/wasi-sdk-27.0-$WASI_SDK.tar.gz"
+BINARYEN="https://github.com/WebAssembly/binaryen/releases/download/version_124/binaryen-version_124-$BINARYEN.tar.gz"
+
+# Download tools
+mkdir -p "$ROOT/tools"
+[ -d "$ROOT/tools/wasi-sdk" ] || curl -#L "$WASI_SDK" | tar xzC "$ROOT/tools" &
+[ -d "$ROOT/tools/binaryen" ] || curl -#L "$BINARYEN" | tar xzC "$ROOT/tools" &
+wait
+
+[ -d "$ROOT/tools/wasi-sdk" ] || mv "$ROOT/tools/wasi-sdk"* "$ROOT/tools/wasi-sdk"
+[ -d "$ROOT/tools/binaryen" ] || mv "$ROOT/tools/binaryen"* "$ROOT/tools/binaryen"

sqlite3/vfs.c

@@ -137,9 +137,10 @@ sqlite3_vfs *sqlite3_vfs_find(const char *zVfsName) {
 
   // Create a new C wrapper.
   sqlite3_vfs *head = go_vfs_list;
-  go_vfs_list = malloc(sizeof(sqlite3_vfs) + strlen(zVfsName) + 1);
+  size_t vfsNameLen = strlen(zVfsName);
+  go_vfs_list = malloc(sizeof(sqlite3_vfs) + vfsNameLen + 1);
   char *name = (char *)(go_vfs_list + 1);
-  strcpy(name, zVfsName);
+  memcpy(name, zVfsName, vfsNameLen + 1);
   *go_vfs_list = (sqlite3_vfs){
       .iVersion = 2,
       .szOsFile = sizeof(struct go_file),

sqlite3/vfs_find.patch

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # Remove VFS registration. Go handles it.
 --- sqlite3.c.orig
 +++ sqlite3.c
-@@ -26725,7 +26725,7 @@
+@@ -26884,7 +26884,7 @@
    sqlite3_free(p);
    return sqlite3_os_init();
  }
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
  /*
  ** The list of all registered VFS implementations.
  */
-@@ -26822,7 +26822,7 @@
+@@ -26981,7 +26981,7 @@
    sqlite3_mutex_leave(mutex);
    return SQLITE_OK;
  }

sqlite_test.go

@@ -125,11 +125,6 @@ func Test_sqlite_newBytes(t *testing.T) {
 	if got := util.View(sqlite.mod, ptr, int64(len(want))); !bytes.Equal(got, want) {
 		t.Errorf("got %q, want %q", got, want)
 	}
-
-	ptr = sqlite.newBytes(buf[:0])
-	if ptr == 0 {
-		t.Fatal("got nullptr, want a pointer")
-	}
 }
 
 func Test_sqlite_newString(t *testing.T) {

stmt.go

@@ -106,7 +106,11 @@ func (s *Stmt) Busy() bool {
 //
 // https://sqlite.org/c3ref/step.html
 func (s *Stmt) Step() bool {
-	s.c.checkInterrupt(s.c.handle)
+	if s.c.interrupt.Err() != nil {
+		s.err = INTERRUPT
+		return false
+	}
+
 	rc := res_t(s.c.call("sqlite3_step", stk_t(s.handle)))
 	switch rc {
 	case _ROW:
@@ -131,9 +135,12 @@ func (s *Stmt) Err() error {
 // Exec is a convenience function that repeatedly calls [Stmt.Step] until it returns false,
 // then calls [Stmt.Reset] to reset the statement and get any error that occurred.
 func (s *Stmt) Exec() error {
-	for s.Step() {
+	if s.c.interrupt.Err() != nil {
+		return INTERRUPT
 	}
-	return s.Reset()
+	rc := res_t(s.c.call("sqlite3_exec_go", stk_t(s.handle)))
+	s.err = nil
+	return s.c.error(rc)
 }
 
 // Status monitors the performance characteristics of prepared statements.
@@ -254,13 +261,15 @@ func (s *Stmt) BindText(param int, value string) error {
 
 // BindRawText binds a []byte to the prepared statement as text.
 // The leftmost SQL parameter has an index of 1.
-// Binding a nil slice is the same as calling [Stmt.BindNull].
 //
 // https://sqlite.org/c3ref/bind_blob.html
 func (s *Stmt) BindRawText(param int, value []byte) error {
 	if len(value) > _MAX_LENGTH {
 		return TOOBIG
 	}
+	if len(value) == 0 {
+		return s.BindText(param, "")
+	}
 	ptr := s.c.newBytes(value)
 	rc := res_t(s.c.call("sqlite3_bind_text_go",
 		stk_t(s.handle), stk_t(param),
@@ -270,13 +279,15 @@ func (s *Stmt) BindRawText(param int, value []byte) error {
 
 // BindBlob binds a []byte to the prepared statement.
 // The leftmost SQL parameter has an index of 1.
-// Binding a nil slice is the same as calling [Stmt.BindNull].
 //
 // https://sqlite.org/c3ref/bind_blob.html
 func (s *Stmt) BindBlob(param int, value []byte) error {
 	if len(value) > _MAX_LENGTH {
 		return TOOBIG
 	}
+	if len(value) == 0 {
+		return s.BindZeroBlob(param, 0)
+	}
 	ptr := s.c.newBytes(value)
 	rc := res_t(s.c.call("sqlite3_bind_blob_go",
 		stk_t(s.handle), stk_t(param),
@@ -356,11 +367,9 @@ func (s *Stmt) BindPointer(param int, ptr any) error {
 //
 // https://sqlite.org/c3ref/bind_blob.html
 func (s *Stmt) BindJSON(param int, value any) error {
-	data, err := json.Marshal(value)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	return s.BindRawText(param, data)
+	return json.NewEncoder(callbackWriter(func(p []byte) (int, error) {
+		return 0, s.BindRawText(param, p[:len(p)-1]) // remove the newline
+	})).Encode(value)
 }
 
 // BindValue binds a copy of value to the prepared statement.
@@ -560,7 +569,7 @@ func (s *Stmt) ColumnBlob(col int, buf []byte) []byte {
 func (s *Stmt) ColumnRawText(col int) []byte {
 	ptr := ptr_t(s.c.call("sqlite3_column_text",
 		stk_t(s.handle), stk_t(col)))
-	return s.columnRawBytes(col, ptr)
+	return s.columnRawBytes(col, ptr, 1)
 }
 
 // ColumnRawBlob returns the value of the result column as a []byte.
@@ -572,10 +581,10 @@ func (s *Stmt) ColumnRawText(col int) []byte {
 func (s *Stmt) ColumnRawBlob(col int) []byte {
 	ptr := ptr_t(s.c.call("sqlite3_column_blob",
 		stk_t(s.handle), stk_t(col)))
-	return s.columnRawBytes(col, ptr)
+	return s.columnRawBytes(col, ptr, 0)
 }
 
-func (s *Stmt) columnRawBytes(col int, ptr ptr_t) []byte {
+func (s *Stmt) columnRawBytes(col int, ptr ptr_t, nul int32) []byte {
 	if ptr == 0 {
 		rc := res_t(s.c.call("sqlite3_errcode", stk_t(s.c.handle)))
 		if rc != _ROW && rc != _DONE {
@@ -586,7 +595,7 @@ func (s *Stmt) columnRawBytes(col int, ptr ptr_t) []byte {
 
 	n := int32(s.c.call("sqlite3_column_bytes",
 		stk_t(s.handle), stk_t(col)))
-	return util.View(s.c.mod, ptr, int64(n))
+	return util.View(s.c.mod, ptr, int64(n+nul))[:n]
 }
 
 // ColumnJSON parses the JSON-encoded value of the result column
@@ -622,7 +631,6 @@ func (s *Stmt) ColumnValue(col int) Value {
 		stk_t(s.handle), stk_t(col)))
 	return Value{
 		c:      s.c,
-		unprot: true,
 		handle: ptr,
 	}
 }
@@ -633,22 +641,13 @@ func (s *Stmt) ColumnValue(col int) Value {
 // [INTEGER] columns will be retrieved as int64 values,
 // [FLOAT] as float64, [NULL] as nil,
 // [TEXT] as string, and [BLOB] as []byte.
-// Any []byte are owned by SQLite and may be invalidated by
-// subsequent calls to [Stmt] methods.
 func (s *Stmt) Columns(dest ...any) error {
 	defer s.c.arena.mark()()
-	count := int64(len(dest))
-	typePtr := s.c.arena.new(count)
-	dataPtr := s.c.arena.new(count * 8)
-
-	rc := res_t(s.c.call("sqlite3_columns_go",
-		stk_t(s.handle), stk_t(count), stk_t(typePtr), stk_t(dataPtr)))
-	if err := s.c.error(rc); err != nil {
+	types, ptr, err := s.columns(int64(len(dest)))
+	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	types := util.View(s.c.mod, typePtr, count)
-
 	// Avoid bounds checks on types below.
 	if len(types) != len(dest) {
 		panic(util.AssertErr())
@@ -657,26 +656,99 @@ func (s *Stmt) Columns(dest ...any) error {
 	for i := range dest {
 		switch types[i] {
 		case byte(INTEGER):
-			dest[i] = util.Read64[int64](s.c.mod, dataPtr)
+			dest[i] = util.Read64[int64](s.c.mod, ptr)
 		case byte(FLOAT):
-			dest[i] = util.ReadFloat64(s.c.mod, dataPtr)
+			dest[i] = util.ReadFloat64(s.c.mod, ptr)
 		case byte(NULL):
 			dest[i] = nil
-		default:
-			ptr := util.Read32[ptr_t](s.c.mod, dataPtr+0)
-			if ptr == 0 {
-				dest[i] = []byte{}
-				continue
-			}
-			len := util.Read32[int32](s.c.mod, dataPtr+4)
-			buf := util.View(s.c.mod, ptr, int64(len))
-			if types[i] == byte(TEXT) {
+		case byte(TEXT):
+			len := util.Read32[int32](s.c.mod, ptr+4)
+			if len != 0 {
+				ptr := util.Read32[ptr_t](s.c.mod, ptr)
+				buf := util.View(s.c.mod, ptr, int64(len))
 				dest[i] = string(buf)
 			} else {
-				dest[i] = buf
+				dest[i] = ""
+			}
+		case byte(BLOB):
+			len := util.Read32[int32](s.c.mod, ptr+4)
+			if len != 0 {
+				ptr := util.Read32[ptr_t](s.c.mod, ptr)
+				buf := util.View(s.c.mod, ptr, int64(len))
+				tmp, _ := dest[i].([]byte)
+				dest[i] = append(tmp[:0], buf...)
+			} else {
+				dest[i], _ = dest[i].([]byte)
 			}
 		}
-		dataPtr += 8
+		ptr += 8
 	}
 	return nil
 }
+
+// ColumnsRaw populates result columns into the provided slice.
+// The slice must have [Stmt.ColumnCount] length.
+//
+// [INTEGER] columns will be retrieved as int64 values,
+// [FLOAT] as float64, [NULL] as nil,
+// [TEXT] and [BLOB] as []byte.
+// Any []byte are owned by SQLite and may be invalidated by
+// subsequent calls to [Stmt] methods.
+func (s *Stmt) ColumnsRaw(dest ...any) error {
+	defer s.c.arena.mark()()
+	types, ptr, err := s.columns(int64(len(dest)))
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// Avoid bounds checks on types below.
+	if len(types) != len(dest) {
+		panic(util.AssertErr())
+	}
+
+	for i := range dest {
+		switch types[i] {
+		case byte(INTEGER):
+			dest[i] = util.Read64[int64](s.c.mod, ptr)
+		case byte(FLOAT):
+			dest[i] = util.ReadFloat64(s.c.mod, ptr)
+		case byte(NULL):
+			dest[i] = nil
+		default:
+			len := util.Read32[int32](s.c.mod, ptr+4)
+			if len == 0 && types[i] == byte(BLOB) {
+				dest[i] = []byte{}
+			} else {
+				cap := len
+				if types[i] == byte(TEXT) {
+					cap++
+				}
+				ptr := util.Read32[ptr_t](s.c.mod, ptr)
+				buf := util.View(s.c.mod, ptr, int64(cap))[:len]
+				dest[i] = buf
+			}
+		}
+		ptr += 8
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (s *Stmt) columns(count int64) ([]byte, ptr_t, error) {
+	typePtr := s.c.arena.new(count)
+	dataPtr := s.c.arena.new(count * 8)
+
+	rc := res_t(s.c.call("sqlite3_columns_go",
+		stk_t(s.handle), stk_t(count), stk_t(typePtr), stk_t(dataPtr)))
+	if rc == res_t(MISUSE) {
+		return nil, 0, MISUSE
+	}
+	if err := s.c.error(rc); err != nil {
+		return nil, 0, err
+	}
+
+	return util.View(s.c.mod, typePtr, count), dataPtr, nil
+}
+
+type callbackWriter func(p []byte) (int, error)
+
+func (fn callbackWriter) Write(p []byte) (int, error) { return fn(p) }

tests/bradfitz/sql_test.go

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ type params struct {
 	*sql.DB
 }
 
-func (t params) mustExec(sql string, args ...interface{}) sql.Result {
+func (t params) mustExec(sql string, args ...any) sql.Result {
 	res, err := t.DB.Exec(sql, args...)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Error running %q: %v", sql, err)

tests/config_test.go

@@ -114,6 +114,7 @@ func TestConn_FileControl(t *testing.T) {
 			t.Errorf("got %v, want MISUSE", err)
 		}
 	})
+
 	t.Run("FCNTL_RESET_CACHE", func(t *testing.T) {
 		o, err := db.FileControl("", sqlite3.FCNTL_RESET_CACHE)
 		if err != nil {
@@ -237,6 +238,16 @@ func TestConn_FileControl(t *testing.T) {
 			t.Errorf("got %v, want LOCK_EXCLUSIVE", o)
 		}
 	})
+
+	t.Run("FCNTL_NULL_IO", func(t *testing.T) {
+		o, err := db.FileControl("", sqlite3.FCNTL_NULL_IO)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		if o != nil {
+			t.Errorf("got %v, want nil", o)
+		}
+	})
 }
 
 func TestConn_Limit(t *testing.T) {

tests/conn_test.go

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3"
 	_ "github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/embed"
 	_ "github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/internal/testcfg"
-	_ "github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/vfs/memdb"
+	"github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/vfs/memdb"
 )
 
 func TestConn_Open_dir(t *testing.T) {
@@ -112,6 +112,48 @@ func TestConn_Close_BUSY(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestConn_BusyHandler(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	dsn := memdb.TestDB(t)
+
+	db1, err := sqlite3.Open(dsn)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer db1.Close()
+
+	db2, err := sqlite3.Open(dsn)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer db2.Close()
+
+	var called bool
+	err = db2.BusyHandler(func(ctx context.Context, count int) (retry bool) {
+		called = true
+		return count < 1
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	tx, err := db1.BeginExclusive()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer tx.End(&err)
+
+	_, err = db2.BeginExclusive()
+	if !errors.Is(err, sqlite3.BUSY) {
+		t.Errorf("got %v, want sqlite3.BUSY", err)
+	}
+
+	if !called {
+		t.Error("busy handler not called")
+	}
+}
+
 func TestConn_SetInterrupt(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 
@@ -146,10 +188,7 @@ func TestConn_SetInterrupt(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	defer stmt.Close()
 
-	go func() {
-		time.Sleep(time.Millisecond)
-		cancel()
-	}()
+	time.AfterFunc(time.Millisecond, cancel)
 
 	// Interrupting works.
 	err = stmt.Exec()
@@ -298,6 +337,17 @@ func TestConn_Filename(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 
 	file := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "test.db")
+	f, err := os.Create(file)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	f.Close()
+
+	file, err = filepath.EvalSymlinks(file)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
 	db, err := sqlite3.Open(file)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)

tests/endian_test.go

@@ -59,7 +59,9 @@ func Test_endianness(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 		defer stmt.Close()
 
-		if stmt.Step() {
+		if !stmt.Step() {
+			t.Fatal(stmt.Err())
+		} else {
 			if got := stmt.ColumnInt64(0); got != value {
 				t.Errorf("got %d, want %d", got, value)
 			}
@@ -67,9 +69,5 @@ func Test_endianness(t *testing.T) {
 				t.Errorf("got %s, want %d", got, value)
 			}
 		}
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatal(err)
-		}
 	}
-
 }

tests/func_test.go

@@ -64,7 +64,9 @@ func TestCreateFunction(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	defer stmt.Close()
 
-	if stmt.Step() {
+	if !stmt.Step() {
+		t.Fatal(stmt.Err())
+	} else {
 		if got := stmt.ColumnType(0); got != sqlite3.INTEGER {
 			t.Errorf("got %v, want INTEGER", got)
 		}
@@ -73,7 +75,9 @@ func TestCreateFunction(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	}
 
-	if stmt.Step() {
+	if !stmt.Step() {
+		t.Fatal(stmt.Err())
+	} else {
 		if got := stmt.ColumnType(0); got != sqlite3.INTEGER {
 			t.Errorf("got %v, want INTEGER", got)
 		}
@@ -82,7 +86,9 @@ func TestCreateFunction(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	}
 
-	if stmt.Step() {
+	if !stmt.Step() {
+		t.Fatal(stmt.Err())
+	} else {
 		if got := stmt.ColumnType(0); got != sqlite3.INTEGER {
 			t.Errorf("got %v, want INTEGER", got)
 		}
@@ -91,7 +97,9 @@ func TestCreateFunction(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	}
 
-	if stmt.Step() {
+	if !stmt.Step() {
+		t.Fatal(stmt.Err())
+	} else {
 		if got := stmt.ColumnType(0); got != sqlite3.FLOAT {
 			t.Errorf("got %v, want FLOAT", got)
 		}
@@ -100,7 +108,9 @@ func TestCreateFunction(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	}
 
-	if stmt.Step() {
+	if !stmt.Step() {
+		t.Fatal(stmt.Err())
+	} else {
 		if got := stmt.ColumnType(0); got != sqlite3.TEXT {
 			t.Errorf("got %v, want TEXT", got)
 		}
@@ -109,7 +119,9 @@ func TestCreateFunction(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	}
 
-	if stmt.Step() {
+	if !stmt.Step() {
+		t.Fatal(stmt.Err())
+	} else {
 		if got := stmt.ColumnType(0); got != sqlite3.BLOB {
 			t.Errorf("got %v, want BLOB", got)
 		}
@@ -118,7 +130,9 @@ func TestCreateFunction(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	}
 
-	if stmt.Step() {
+	if !stmt.Step() {
+		t.Fatal(stmt.Err())
+	} else {
 		if got := stmt.ColumnType(0); got != sqlite3.BLOB {
 			t.Errorf("got %v, want BLOB", got)
 		}
@@ -127,7 +141,9 @@ func TestCreateFunction(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	}
 
-	if stmt.Step() {
+	if !stmt.Step() {
+		t.Fatal(stmt.Err())
+	} else {
 		if got := stmt.ColumnType(0); got != sqlite3.TEXT {
 			t.Errorf("got %v, want TEXT", got)
 		}
@@ -136,7 +152,9 @@ func TestCreateFunction(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	}
 
-	if stmt.Step() {
+	if !stmt.Step() {
+		t.Fatal(stmt.Err())
+	} else {
 		if got := stmt.ColumnType(0); got != sqlite3.TEXT {
 			t.Errorf("got %v, want TEXT", got)
 		}
@@ -148,7 +166,9 @@ func TestCreateFunction(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	}
 
-	if stmt.Step() {
+	if !stmt.Step() {
+		t.Fatal(stmt.Err())
+	} else {
 		if got := stmt.ColumnType(0); got != sqlite3.INTEGER {
 			t.Errorf("got %v, want INTEGER", got)
 		}
@@ -157,7 +177,9 @@ func TestCreateFunction(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	}
 
-	if stmt.Step() {
+	if !stmt.Step() {
+		t.Fatal(stmt.Err())
+	} else {
 		if got := stmt.ColumnType(0); got != sqlite3.NULL {
 			t.Errorf("got %v, want NULL", got)
 		}