Fix JSON.

Bumps [golang.org/x/sys](https://github.com/golang/sys) from 0.13.0 to 0.14.0.
- [Commits](https://github.com/golang/sys/compare/v0.13.0...v0.14.0)

---
updated-dependencies:
- dependency-name: golang.org/x/sys
  dependency-type: direct:production
  update-type: version-update:semver-minor
...

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

.github/workflows/bsd.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+name: BSD
+
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+jobs:
+  test:
+    runs-on: macos-12
+
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      with:
+        lfs: 'true'
+
+    - name: Set up
+      uses: actions/setup-go@v4
+      with:
+        go-version: stable
+
+    - name: Build
+      run: GOOS=freebsd go test -c ./...
+
+    - name: Test
+      uses: cross-platform-actions/action@v0.21.1
+      with:
+        operating_system: freebsd
+        version: '13.2'
+        sync_files: runner-to-vm
+        run: find . -name '*.test' -maxdepth 1 -exec {} -test.v \;

.github/workflows/codeql.yml

@@ -1,76 +0,0 @@
-# For most projects, this workflow file will not need changing; you simply need
-# to commit it to your repository.
-#
-# You may wish to alter this file to override the set of languages analyzed,
-# or to provide custom queries or build logic.
-#
-# ******** NOTE ********
-# We have attempted to detect the languages in your repository. Please check
-# the `language` matrix defined below to confirm you have the correct set of
-# supported CodeQL languages.
-#
-name: "CodeQL"
-
-on:
-  push:
-    branches: [ "main" ]
-  pull_request:
-    # The branches below must be a subset of the branches above
-    branches: [ "main" ]
-  schedule:
-    - cron: '15 18 * * 6'
-
-jobs:
-  analyze:
-    name: Analyze
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    permissions:
-      actions: read
-      contents: read
-      security-events: write
-
-    strategy:
-      fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        language: [ 'go' ]
-        # CodeQL supports [ 'cpp', 'csharp', 'go', 'java', 'javascript', 'python', 'ruby' ]
-        # Use only 'java' to analyze code written in Java, Kotlin or both
-        # Use only 'javascript' to analyze code written in JavaScript, TypeScript or both
-        # Learn more about CodeQL language support at https://aka.ms/codeql-docs/language-support
-
-    steps:
-    - name: Checkout repository
-      uses: actions/checkout@v3
-
-    # Initializes the CodeQL tools for scanning.
-    - name: Initialize CodeQL
-      uses: github/codeql-action/init@v2
-      with:
-        languages: ${{ matrix.language }}
-        # If you wish to specify custom queries, you can do so here or in a config file.
-        # By default, queries listed here will override any specified in a config file.
-        # Prefix the list here with "+" to use these queries and those in the config file.
-
-        # Details on CodeQL's query packs refer to : https://docs.github.com/en/code-security/code-scanning/automatically-scanning-your-code-for-vulnerabilities-and-errors/configuring-code-scanning#using-queries-in-ql-packs
-        # queries: security-extended,security-and-quality
-
-
-    # Autobuild attempts to build any compiled languages  (C/C++, C#, Go, or Java).
-    # If this step fails, then you should remove it and run the build manually (see below)
-    - name: Autobuild
-      uses: github/codeql-action/autobuild@v2
-
-    # ℹ️ Command-line programs to run using the OS shell.
-    # 📚 See https://docs.github.com/en/actions/using-workflows/workflow-syntax-for-github-actions#jobsjob_idstepsrun
-
-    #   If the Autobuild fails above, remove it and uncomment the following three lines.
-    #   modify them (or add more) to build your code if your project, please refer to the EXAMPLE below for guidance.
-
-    # - run: |
-    #     echo "Run, Build Application using script"
-    #     ./location_of_script_within_repo/buildscript.sh
-
-    - name: Perform CodeQL Analysis
-      uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@v2
-      with:
-        category: "/language:${{matrix.language}}"

.github/workflows/cross.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+
+echo android       ; GOOS=android   GOARCH=amd64 go build .
+echo darwin        ; GOOS=darwin    GOARCH=amd64 go build .
+echo dragonfly     ; GOOS=dragonfly GOARCH=amd64 go build .
+echo freebsd       ; GOOS=freebsd   GOARCH=amd64 go build .
+echo illumos       ; GOOS=illumos   GOARCH=amd64 go build .
+echo ios           ; GOOS=ios       GOARCH=amd64 go build .
+echo linux         ; GOOS=linux     GOARCH=amd64 go build .
+echo netbsd        ; GOOS=netbsd    GOARCH=amd64 go build .
+echo openbsd       ; GOOS=openbsd   GOARCH=amd64 go build .
+echo plan9         ; GOOS=plan9     GOARCH=amd64 go build .
+echo solaris       ; GOOS=solaris   GOARCH=amd64 go build .
+echo windows       ; GOOS=windows   GOARCH=amd64 go build .
+# echo aix         ; GOOS=aix       GOARCH=ppc64 go build .
+echo js            ; GOOS=js        GOARCH=wasm  go build .
+echo wasip1        ; GOOS=wasip1    GOARCH=wasm  go build .
+echo darwin-flock  ; GOOS=darwin    GOARCH=amd64 go build -tags sqlite3_flock .
+echo darwin-nosys  ; GOOS=darwin    GOARCH=amd64 go build -tags sqlite3_nosys .
+echo linux-nosys   ; GOOS=linux     GOARCH=amd64 go build -tags sqlite3_nosys .
+echo windows-nosys ; GOOS=windows   GOARCH=amd64 go build -tags sqlite3_nosys .
+echo freebsd-nosys ; GOOS=freebsd   GOARCH=amd64 go build -tags sqlite3_nosys .

.github/workflows/cross.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+name: Cross compile
+
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+jobs:
+  test:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      with:
+        lfs: 'true'
+
+    - name: Set up
+      uses: actions/setup-go@v4
+      with:
+        go-version: stable
+
+    - name: Build
+      run: .github/workflows/cross.sh

.github/workflows/go.yml

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
 
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
       with:
         lfs: 'true'
 
@@ -39,7 +39,6 @@ jobs:
 
     - name: Vet
       run: go vet ./...
-      continue-on-error: true
 
     - name: Build
       run: go build -v ./...
@@ -47,16 +46,19 @@ jobs:
     - name: Test
       run: go test -v ./...
 
+    - name: Test no locks
+      run: go test -v -tags sqlite3_nosys ./tests -run TestDB_nolock
+
     - name: Test BSD locks
-      run: go test -v -tags sqlite3_bsd ./...
+      run: go test -v -tags sqlite3_flock ./...
       if: matrix.os == 'macos-latest'
 
     - name: Coverage report
       uses: ncruces/go-coverage-report@v0
       with:
-        chart: 'true'
-        amend: 'true'
+        chart: true
+        amend: true
+        reuse-go: true
       if: |
-        matrix.os == 'ubuntu-latest' &&
-        github.event_name == 'push'
-      continue-on-error: true
+        github.event_name == 'push' &&
+        matrix.os == 'ubuntu-latest'

README.md

@@ -7,16 +7,28 @@
 Go module `github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3` wraps a [WASM](https://webassembly.org/) build of [SQLite](https://sqlite.org/),
 and uses [wazero](https://wazero.io/) to provide `cgo`-free SQLite bindings.
 
-- Package [`github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3`](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3)
-wraps the [C SQLite API](https://www.sqlite.org/cintro.html)
-([example usage](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3#example-package)).
-- Package [`github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/driver`](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/driver)
-provides a [`database/sql`](https://pkg.go.dev/database/sql) driver
-([example usage](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/driver#example-package)).
-- Package [`github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/embed`](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/embed)
-embeds a build of SQLite into your application.
-- Package [`github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/vfs`](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/vfs)
-wraps the [C SQLite VFS API](https://www.sqlite.org/vfs.html) and provides a pure Go implementation.
+- [`github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3`](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3)
+  wraps the [C SQLite API](https://www.sqlite.org/cintro.html)
+  ([example usage](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3#example-package)).
+- [`github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/driver`](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/driver)
+  provides a [`database/sql`](https://pkg.go.dev/database/sql) driver
+  ([example usage](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/driver#example-package)).
+- [`github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/embed`](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/embed)
+  embeds a build of SQLite into your application.
+- [`github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/ext/blob`](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/ext/blob)
+  simplifies incremental BLOB I/O.
+- [`github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/ext/stats`](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/ext/stats)
+  registers [statistics functions](https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/sql-in-a/9780596155322/ch04s02.html).
+- [`github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/ext/unicode`](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/ext/unicode)
+  registers Unicode aware functions.
+- [`github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/vfs`](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/vfs)
+  wraps the [C SQLite VFS API](https://www.sqlite.org/vfs.html) and provides a pure Go implementation.
+- [`github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/vfs/memdb`](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/vfs/memdb)
+  implements an in-memory VFS.
+- [`github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/vfs/readervfs`](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/vfs/readervfs)
+  implements a VFS for immutable databases.
+- [`github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/gormlite`](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/gormlite)
+  provides a [GORM](https://gorm.io) driver.
 
 ### Caveats
 
@@ -29,57 +41,65 @@ This has benefits, but also comes with some drawbacks.
 Because WASM does not support shared memory,
 [WAL](https://www.sqlite.org/wal.html) support is [limited](https://www.sqlite.org/wal.html#noshm).
 
-To work around this limitation, SQLite is compiled with
-[`SQLITE_DEFAULT_LOCKING_MODE=1`](https://www.sqlite.org/compile.html#default_locking_mode),
-making `EXCLUSIVE` the default locking mode.
-For non-WAL databases, `NORMAL` locking mode can be activated with
-[`PRAGMA locking_mode=NORMAL`](https://www.sqlite.org/pragma.html#pragma_locking_mode).
+To work around this limitation, SQLite is [patched](sqlite3/locking_mode.patch)
+to always use `EXCLUSIVE` locking mode for WAL databases.
 
 Because connection pooling is incompatible with `EXCLUSIVE` locking mode,
-the `database/sql` driver defaults to `NORMAL` locking mode.
-To open WAL databases, or use `EXCLUSIVE` locking mode,
-disable connection pooling by calling
+to use the [`database/sql`](https://pkg.go.dev/database/sql) driver
+with WAL mode databases you should disable connection pooling by calling
 [`db.SetMaxOpenConns(1)`](https://pkg.go.dev/database/sql#DB.SetMaxOpenConns).
 
-#### POSIX Advisory Locks
+#### File Locking
 
-POSIX advisory locks, which SQLite uses, are
-[broken by design](https://www.sqlite.org/src/artifact/90c4fa?ln=1073-1161).
+POSIX advisory locks, which SQLite uses on Unix, are
+[broken by design](https://www.sqlite.org/src/artifact/2e8b12?ln=1073-1161).
 
 On Linux, macOS and illumos, this module uses
 [OFD locks](https://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html_node/Open-File-Description-Locks.html)
 to synchronize access to database files.
-OFD locks are fully compatible with process-associated POSIX advisory locks.
+OFD locks are fully compatible with POSIX advisory locks.
 
 On BSD Unixes, this module uses
 [BSD locks](https://man.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=flock&sektion=2).
-BSD locks may _not_ be compatible with process-associated POSIX advisory locks.
+On BSD Unixes, BSD locks are fully compatible with POSIX advisory locks.
+
+On Windows, this module uses `LockFile`, `LockFileEx`, and `UnlockFile`,
+like SQLite.
+
+On all other platforms, file locking is not supported, and you must use
+[`nolock=1`](https://www.sqlite.org/uri.html#urinolock)
+to open database files.
+To use the [`database/sql`](https://pkg.go.dev/database/sql) driver
+with `nolock=1` you must disable connection pooling by calling
+[`db.SetMaxOpenConns(1)`](https://pkg.go.dev/database/sql#DB.SetMaxOpenConns).
 
 #### Testing
 
-The pure Go VFS is tested by running an unmodified build of SQLite's
+The pure Go VFS is tested by running SQLite's
 [mptest](https://github.com/sqlite/sqlite/blob/master/mptest/mptest.c)
-on Linux, macOS and Windows.
+on Linux, macOS, Windows and FreeBSD.
 Performance is tested by running
 [speedtest1](https://github.com/sqlite/sqlite/blob/master/test/speedtest1.c).
 
 ### Roadmap
 
 - [ ] advanced SQLite features
+  - [x] custom functions
   - [x] nested transactions
   - [x] incremental BLOB I/O
   - [x] online backup
+  - [x] JSON support
+  - [ ] virtual tables
   - [ ] session extension
 - [ ] custom VFSes
   - [x] custom VFS API
   - [x] in-memory VFS
   - [x] read-only VFS, wrapping an [`io.ReaderAt`](https://pkg.go.dev/io#ReaderAt)
   - [ ] cloud-based VFS, based on [Cloud Backed SQLite](https://sqlite.org/cloudsqlite/doc/trunk/www/index.wiki)
-- [ ] custom SQL functions
 
 ### Alternatives
 
 - [`modernc.org/sqlite`](https://pkg.go.dev/modernc.org/sqlite)
 - [`crawshaw.io/sqlite`](https://pkg.go.dev/crawshaw.io/sqlite)
 - [`github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3`](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3)
-- [`github.com/zombiezen/go-sqlite`](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/zombiezen/go-sqlite)
+- [`github.com/zombiezen/go-sqlite`](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/zombiezen/go-sqlite)

backup.go

@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ func (c *Conn) backupInit(dst uint32, dstName string, src uint32, srcName string
 	if r == 0 {
 		defer c.closeDB(other)
 		r = c.call(c.api.errcode, uint64(dst))
-		return nil, c.module.error(r, dst)
+		return nil, c.sqlite.error(r, dst)
 	}
 
 	return &Backup{

blob.go

@@ -118,8 +118,8 @@ func (b *Blob) WriteTo(w io.Writer) (n int64, err error) {
 		return 0, nil
 	}
 
+	want := int64(1024 * 1024)
 	avail := b.bytes - b.offset
-	want := int64(65536)
 	if want > avail {
 		want = avail
 	}
@@ -175,8 +175,11 @@ func (b *Blob) Write(p []byte) (n int, err error) {
 //
 // https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/blob_write.html
 func (b *Blob) ReadFrom(r io.Reader) (n int64, err error) {
+	want := int64(1024 * 1024)
 	avail := b.bytes - b.offset
-	want := int64(65536)
+	if l, ok := r.(*io.LimitedReader); ok && want > l.N {
+		want = l.N
+	}
 	if want > avail {
 		want = avail
 	}

conn.go

@@ -2,16 +2,14 @@ package sqlite3
 
 import (
 	"context"
-	"database/sql/driver"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"net/url"
 	"runtime"
 	"strings"
-	"sync/atomic"
-	"unsafe"
 
 	"github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/internal/util"
+	"github.com/tetratelabs/wazero/api"
 )
 
 // Conn is a database connection handle.
@@ -19,10 +17,9 @@ import (
 //
 // https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/sqlite3.html
 type Conn struct {
-	*module
+	*sqlite
 
 	interrupt context.Context
-	waiter    chan struct{}
 	pending   *Stmt
 	arena     arena
 
@@ -39,7 +36,7 @@ func Open(filename string) (*Conn, error) {
 // If none of the required flags is used, a combination of [OPEN_READWRITE] and [OPEN_CREATE] is used.
 // If a URI filename is used, PRAGMA statements to execute can be specified using "_pragma":
 //
-//	sqlite3.Open("file:demo.db?_pragma=busy_timeout(10000)&_pragma=locking_mode(normal)")
+//	sqlite3.Open("file:demo.db?_pragma=busy_timeout(10000)")
 //
 // https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/open.html
 func OpenFlags(filename string, flags OpenFlag) (*Conn, error) {
@@ -49,21 +46,24 @@ func OpenFlags(filename string, flags OpenFlag) (*Conn, error) {
 	return newConn(filename, flags)
 }
 
+type connKey struct{}
+
 func newConn(filename string, flags OpenFlag) (conn *Conn, err error) {
-	mod, err := instantiateModule()
+	sqlite, err := instantiateSQLite()
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	defer func() {
 		if conn == nil {
-			mod.close()
+			sqlite.close()
 		} else {
 			runtime.SetFinalizer(conn, util.Finalizer[Conn](3))
 		}
 	}()
 
-	c := &Conn{module: mod}
+	c := &Conn{sqlite: sqlite}
 	c.arena = c.newArena(1024)
+	c.ctx = context.WithValue(c.ctx, connKey{}, c)
 	c.handle, err = c.openDB(filename, flags)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ func (c *Conn) openDB(filename string, flags OpenFlag) (uint32, error) {
 	r := c.call(c.api.open, uint64(namePtr), uint64(connPtr), uint64(flags), 0)
 
 	handle := util.ReadUint32(c.mod, connPtr)
-	if err := c.module.error(r, handle); err != nil {
+	if err := c.sqlite.error(r, handle); err != nil {
 		c.closeDB(handle)
 		return 0, err
 	}
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ func (c *Conn) openDB(filename string, flags OpenFlag) (uint32, error) {
 		c.arena.reset()
 		pragmaPtr := c.arena.string(pragmas.String())
 		r := c.call(c.api.exec, uint64(handle), uint64(pragmaPtr), 0, 0, 0)
-		if err := c.module.error(r, handle, pragmas.String()); err != nil {
+		if err := c.sqlite.error(r, handle, pragmas.String()); err != nil {
 			if errors.Is(err, ERROR) {
 				err = fmt.Errorf("sqlite3: invalid _pragma: %w", err)
 			}
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ func (c *Conn) openDB(filename string, flags OpenFlag) (uint32, error) {
 
 func (c *Conn) closeDB(handle uint32) {
 	r := c.call(c.api.closeZombie, uint64(handle))
-	if err := c.module.error(r, handle); err != nil {
+	if err := c.sqlite.error(r, handle); err != nil {
 		panic(err)
 	}
 }
@@ -132,7 +132,6 @@ func (c *Conn) Close() error {
 		return nil
 	}
 
-	c.SetInterrupt(context.Background())
 	c.pending.Close()
 	c.pending = nil
 
@@ -143,7 +142,7 @@ func (c *Conn) Close() error {
 
 	c.handle = 0
 	runtime.SetFinalizer(c, nil)
-	return c.module.close()
+	return c.close()
 }
 
 // Exec is a convenience function that allows an application to run
@@ -240,65 +239,45 @@ func (c *Conn) Changes() int64 {
 //
 // https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/interrupt.html
 func (c *Conn) SetInterrupt(ctx context.Context) (old context.Context) {
-	// Is a waiter running?
-	if c.waiter != nil {
-		c.waiter <- struct{}{} // Cancel the waiter.
-		<-c.waiter             // Wait for it to finish.
-		c.waiter = nil
+	// Is it the same context?
+	if ctx == c.interrupt {
+		return ctx
 	}
-	// Reset the pending statement.
-	if c.pending != nil {
+
+	// An uncompleted SQL statement prevents SQLite from ignoring
+	// an interrupt that comes before any other statements are started.
+	if c.pending == nil {
+		c.pending, _, _ = c.Prepare(`SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT 2`)
+	} else {
 		c.pending.Reset()
 	}
 
 	old = c.interrupt
 	c.interrupt = ctx
+	// Remove the handler if the context can't be canceled.
 	if ctx == nil || ctx.Done() == nil {
+		c.call(c.api.progressHandler, uint64(c.handle), 0)
 		return old
 	}
 
-	// Creating an uncompleted SQL statement prevents SQLite from ignoring
-	// an interrupt that comes before any other statements are started.
-	if c.pending == nil {
-		c.pending, _, _ = c.Prepare(`SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT 2`)
-	}
 	c.pending.Step()
-
-	// Don't create the goroutine if we're already interrupted.
-	// This happens frequently while restoring to a previously interrupted state.
-	if c.checkInterrupt() {
-		return old
-	}
-
-	waiter := make(chan struct{})
-	c.waiter = waiter
-	go func() {
-		select {
-		case <-waiter: // Waiter was cancelled.
-			break
-
-		case <-ctx.Done(): // Done was closed.
-			const isInterruptedOffset = 280
-			buf := util.View(c.mod, c.handle+isInterruptedOffset, 4)
-			(*atomic.Uint32)(unsafe.Pointer(&buf[0])).Store(1)
-			// Wait for the next call to SetInterrupt.
-			<-waiter
-		}
-
-		// Signal that the waiter has finished.
-		waiter <- struct{}{}
-	}()
+	c.call(c.api.progressHandler, uint64(c.handle), 100)
 	return old
 }
 
-func (c *Conn) checkInterrupt() bool {
-	if c.interrupt == nil || c.interrupt.Err() == nil {
-		return false
+func callbackProgress(ctx context.Context, mod api.Module, _ uint32) uint32 {
+	if c, ok := ctx.Value(connKey{}).(*Conn); ok {
+		if c.interrupt != nil && c.interrupt.Err() != nil {
+			return 1
+		}
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
+func (c *Conn) checkInterrupt() {
+	if c.interrupt != nil && c.interrupt.Err() != nil {
+		c.call(c.api.interrupt, uint64(c.handle))
 	}
-	const isInterruptedOffset = 280
-	buf := util.View(c.mod, c.handle+isInterruptedOffset, 4)
-	(*atomic.Uint32)(unsafe.Pointer(&buf[0])).Store(1)
-	return true
 }
 
 // Pragma executes a PRAGMA statement and returns any results.
@@ -319,27 +298,14 @@ func (c *Conn) Pragma(str string) ([]string, error) {
 }
 
 func (c *Conn) error(rc uint64, sql ...string) error {
-	return c.module.error(rc, c.handle, sql...)
+	return c.sqlite.error(rc, c.handle, sql...)
 }
 
 // DriverConn is implemented by the SQLite [database/sql] driver connection.
 //
-// It can be used to access advanced SQLite features like
-// [savepoints], [online backup] and [incremental BLOB I/O].
+// It can be used to access SQLite features like [online backup].
 //
-// [savepoints]: https://www.sqlite.org/lang_savepoint.html
 // [online backup]: https://www.sqlite.org/backup.html
-// [incremental BLOB I/O]: https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/blob_open.html
 type DriverConn interface {
-	driver.Conn
-	driver.ConnBeginTx
-	driver.ExecerContext
-	driver.ConnPrepareContext
-
-	SetInterrupt(ctx context.Context) (old context.Context)
-
-	Savepoint() Savepoint
-	Backup(srcDB, dstURI string) error
-	Restore(dstDB, srcURI string) error
-	OpenBlob(db, table, column string, row int64, write bool) (*Blob, error)
+	Raw() *Conn
 }

const.go

@@ -97,6 +97,7 @@ const (
 	IOERR_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC   ExtendedErrorCode = xErrorCode(IOERR) | (31 << 8)
 	IOERR_DATA              ExtendedErrorCode = xErrorCode(IOERR) | (32 << 8)
 	IOERR_CORRUPTFS         ExtendedErrorCode = xErrorCode(IOERR) | (33 << 8)
+	IOERR_IN_PAGE           ExtendedErrorCode = xErrorCode(IOERR) | (34 << 8)
 	LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE      ExtendedErrorCode = xErrorCode(LOCKED) | (1 << 8)
 	LOCKED_VTAB             ExtendedErrorCode = xErrorCode(LOCKED) | (2 << 8)
 	BUSY_RECOVERY           ExtendedErrorCode = xErrorCode(BUSY) | (1 << 8)
@@ -167,6 +168,18 @@ const (
 	PREPARE_NO_VTAB    PrepareFlag = 0x04
 )
 
+// FunctionFlag is a flag that can be passed to [Conn.PrepareFlags].
+//
+// https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/c_deterministic.html
+type FunctionFlag uint32
+
+const (
+	DETERMINISTIC FunctionFlag = 0x000000800
+	DIRECTONLY    FunctionFlag = 0x000080000
+	SUBTYPE       FunctionFlag = 0x000100000
+	INNOCUOUS     FunctionFlag = 0x000200000
+)
+
 // Datatype is a fundamental datatype of SQLite.
 //
 // https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/c_blob.html
@@ -182,18 +195,18 @@ const (
 
 // String implements the [fmt.Stringer] interface.
 func (t Datatype) String() string {
-	const name = "INTEGERFLOATTEXTBLOBNULL"
+	const name = "INTEGERFLOATEXTBLOBNULL"
 	switch t {
 	case INTEGER:
 		return name[0:7]
 	case FLOAT:
 		return name[7:12]
 	case TEXT:
-		return name[12:16]
+		return name[11:15]
 	case BLOB:
-		return name[16:20]
+		return name[15:19]
 	case NULL:
-		return name[20:24]
+		return name[19:23]
 	}
 	return strconv.FormatUint(uint64(t), 10)
 }

context.go

@@ -0,0 +1,219 @@
+package sqlite3
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
+	"math"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/internal/util"
+)
+
+// Context is the context in which an SQL function executes.
+// An SQLite [Context] is in no way related to a Go [context.Context].
+//
+// https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/context.html
+type Context struct {
+	c      *Conn
+	handle uint32
+}
+
+// Conn returns the database connection of the
+// [Conn.CreateFunction] or [Conn.CreateWindowFunction]
+// routines that originally registered the application defined function.
+//
+// https://sqlite.org/c3ref/context_db_handle.html
+func (ctx Context) Conn() *Conn {
+	return ctx.c
+}
+
+// SetAuxData saves metadata for argument n of the function.
+//
+// https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/get_auxdata.html
+func (ctx Context) SetAuxData(n int, data any) {
+	ptr := util.AddHandle(ctx.c.ctx, data)
+	ctx.c.call(ctx.c.api.setAuxData, uint64(ctx.handle), uint64(n), uint64(ptr))
+}
+
+// GetAuxData returns metadata for argument n of the function.
+//
+// https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/get_auxdata.html
+func (ctx Context) GetAuxData(n int) any {
+	ptr := uint32(ctx.c.call(ctx.c.api.getAuxData, uint64(ctx.handle), uint64(n)))
+	return util.GetHandle(ctx.c.ctx, ptr)
+}
+
+// ResultBool sets the result of the function to a bool.
+// SQLite does not have a separate boolean storage class.
+// Instead, boolean values are stored as integers 0 (false) and 1 (true).
+//
+// https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/result_blob.html
+func (ctx Context) ResultBool(value bool) {
+	var i int64
+	if value {
+		i = 1
+	}
+	ctx.ResultInt64(i)
+}
+
+// ResultInt sets the result of the function to an int.
+//
+// https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/result_blob.html
+func (ctx Context) ResultInt(value int) {
+	ctx.ResultInt64(int64(value))
+}
+
+// ResultInt64 sets the result of the function to an int64.
+//
+// https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/result_blob.html
+func (ctx Context) ResultInt64(value int64) {
+	ctx.c.call(ctx.c.api.resultInteger,
+		uint64(ctx.handle), uint64(value))
+}
+
+// ResultFloat sets the result of the function to a float64.
+//
+// https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/result_blob.html
+func (ctx Context) ResultFloat(value float64) {
+	ctx.c.call(ctx.c.api.resultFloat,
+		uint64(ctx.handle), math.Float64bits(value))
+}
+
+// ResultText sets the result of the function to a string.
+//
+// https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/result_blob.html
+func (ctx Context) ResultText(value string) {
+	ptr := ctx.c.newString(value)
+	ctx.c.call(ctx.c.api.resultText,
+		uint64(ctx.handle), uint64(ptr), uint64(len(value)),
+		uint64(ctx.c.api.destructor), _UTF8)
+}
+
+// ResultBlob sets the result of the function to a []byte.
+// Returning a nil slice is the same as calling [Context.ResultNull].
+//
+// https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/result_blob.html
+func (ctx Context) ResultBlob(value []byte) {
+	ptr := ctx.c.newBytes(value)
+	ctx.c.call(ctx.c.api.resultBlob,
+		uint64(ctx.handle), uint64(ptr), uint64(len(value)),
+		uint64(ctx.c.api.destructor))
+}
+
+// BindZeroBlob sets the result of the function to a zero-filled, length n BLOB.
+//
+// https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/result_blob.html
+func (ctx Context) ResultZeroBlob(n int64) {
+	ctx.c.call(ctx.c.api.resultZeroBlob,
+		uint64(ctx.handle), uint64(n))
+}
+
+// ResultNull sets the result of the function to NULL.
+//
+// https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/result_blob.html
+func (ctx Context) ResultNull() {
+	ctx.c.call(ctx.c.api.resultNull,
+		uint64(ctx.handle))
+}
+
+// ResultTime sets the result of the function to a [time.Time].
+//
+// https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/result_blob.html
+func (ctx Context) ResultTime(value time.Time, format TimeFormat) {
+	if format == TimeFormatDefault {
+		ctx.resultRFC3339Nano(value)
+		return
+	}
+	switch v := format.Encode(value).(type) {
+	case string:
+		ctx.ResultText(v)
+	case int64:
+		ctx.ResultInt64(v)
+	case float64:
+		ctx.ResultFloat(v)
+	default:
+		panic(util.AssertErr())
+	}
+}
+
+func (ctx Context) resultRFC3339Nano(value time.Time) {
+	const maxlen = uint64(len(time.RFC3339Nano)) + 5
+
+	ptr := ctx.c.new(maxlen)
+	buf := util.View(ctx.c.mod, ptr, maxlen)
+	buf = value.AppendFormat(buf[:0], time.RFC3339Nano)
+
+	ctx.c.call(ctx.c.api.resultText,
+		uint64(ctx.handle), uint64(ptr), uint64(len(buf)),
+		uint64(ctx.c.api.destructor), _UTF8)
+}
+
+// ResultPointer sets the result of the function to NULL, just like [Context.ResultNull],
+// except that it also associates ptr with that NULL value such that it can be retrieved
+// within an application-defined SQL function using [Value.Pointer].
+//
+// https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/result_blob.html
+func (ctx Context) ResultPointer(ptr any) {
+	valPtr := util.AddHandle(ctx.c.ctx, ptr)
+	ctx.c.call(ctx.c.api.resultPointer, uint64(valPtr))
+}
+
+// ResultJSON sets the result of the function to the JSON encoding of value.
+//
+// https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/result_blob.html
+func (ctx Context) ResultJSON(value any) {
+	data, err := json.Marshal(value)
+	if err != nil {
+		ctx.ResultError(err)
+	}
+	ptr := ctx.c.newBytes(data)
+	ctx.c.call(ctx.c.api.resultText,
+		uint64(ctx.handle), uint64(ptr), uint64(len(data)),
+		uint64(ctx.c.api.destructor))
+}
+
+// ResultValue sets the result of the function a copy of [Value].
+//
+// https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/result_blob.html
+func (ctx Context) ResultValue(value Value) {
+	if value.sqlite != ctx.c.sqlite {
+		ctx.ResultError(MISUSE)
+	}
+	ctx.c.call(ctx.c.api.resultValue,
+		uint64(ctx.handle), uint64(value.handle))
+}
+
+// ResultError sets the result of the function an error.
+//
+// https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/result_blob.html
+func (ctx Context) ResultError(err error) {
+	if errors.Is(err, NOMEM) {
+		ctx.c.call(ctx.c.api.resultErrorMem, uint64(ctx.handle))
+		return
+	}
+
+	if errors.Is(err, TOOBIG) {
+		ctx.c.call(ctx.c.api.resultErrorBig, uint64(ctx.handle))
+		return
+	}
+
+	str := err.Error()
+	ptr := ctx.c.newString(str)
+	ctx.c.call(ctx.c.api.resultError,
+		uint64(ctx.handle), uint64(ptr), uint64(len(str)))
+	ctx.c.free(ptr)
+
+	var code uint64
+	var ecode ErrorCode
+	var xcode xErrorCode
+	switch {
+	case errors.As(err, &xcode):
+		code = uint64(xcode)
+	case errors.As(err, &ecode):
+		code = uint64(ecode)
+	}
+	if code != 0 {
+		ctx.c.call(ctx.c.api.resultErrorCode,
+			uint64(ctx.handle), code)
+	}
+}

driver/driver.go

@@ -14,10 +14,9 @@
 //
 // [PRAGMA] statements can be specified using "_pragma":
 //
-//	sql.Open("sqlite3", "file:demo.db?_pragma=busy_timeout(10000)&_pragma=locking_mode(normal)")
+//	sql.Open("sqlite3", "file:demo.db?_pragma=busy_timeout(10000)")
 //
-// If no PRAGMAs are specified, a busy timeout of 1 minute
-// and normal locking mode are used.
+// If no PRAGMAs are specified, a busy timeout of 1 minute is set.
 //
 // Order matters:
 // busy timeout and locking mode should be the first PRAGMAs set, in that order.
@@ -31,6 +30,7 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"database/sql"
 	"database/sql/driver"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"net/url"
@@ -41,64 +41,117 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/internal/util"
 )
 
+// This variable can be replaced with -ldflags:
+//
+//	go build -ldflags="-X github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3.driverName=sqlite"
+var driverName = "sqlite3"
+
 func init() {
-	sql.Register("sqlite3", sqlite{})
+	if driverName != "" {
+		sql.Register(driverName, sqlite{})
+	}
+}
+
+// Open opens the SQLite database specified by dataSourceName as a [database/sql.DB].
+//
+// The init function is called by the driver on new connections.
+// The conn can be used to execute queries, register functions, etc.
+// Any error return closes the conn and passes the error to [database/sql].
+func Open(dataSourceName string, init func(*sqlite3.Conn) error) (*sql.DB, error) {
+	c, err := newConnector(dataSourceName, init)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return sql.OpenDB(c), nil
 }
 
 type sqlite struct{}
 
-func (sqlite) Open(name string) (_ driver.Conn, err error) {
-	var c conn
-	c.Conn, err = sqlite3.Open(name)
+func (sqlite) Open(name string) (driver.Conn, error) {
+	c, err := newConnector(name, nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
+	return c.Connect(context.Background())
+}
 
-	var pragmas []string
+func (sqlite) OpenConnector(name string) (driver.Connector, error) {
+	return newConnector(name, nil)
+}
+
+func newConnector(name string, init func(*sqlite3.Conn) error) (*connector, error) {
+	c := connector{name: name, init: init}
 	if strings.HasPrefix(name, "file:") {
 		if _, after, ok := strings.Cut(name, "?"); ok {
-			query, _ := url.ParseQuery(after)
-
-			switch s := query.Get("_txlock"); s {
-			case "":
-				c.txBegin = "BEGIN"
-			case "deferred", "immediate", "exclusive":
-				c.txBegin = "BEGIN " + s
-			default:
-				c.Close()
-				return nil, fmt.Errorf("sqlite3: invalid _txlock: %s", s)
+			query, err := url.ParseQuery(after)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
 			}
-
-			pragmas = query["_pragma"]
+			c.txlock = query.Get("_txlock")
+			c.pragmas = len(query["_pragma"]) > 0
 		}
 	}
-	if len(pragmas) == 0 {
-		err := c.Conn.Exec(`
-			PRAGMA busy_timeout=60000;
-			PRAGMA locking_mode=normal;
-		`)
+	return &c, nil
+}
+
+type connector struct {
+	init    func(*sqlite3.Conn) error
+	name    string
+	txlock  string
+	pragmas bool
+}
+
+func (n *connector) Driver() driver.Driver {
+	return sqlite{}
+}
+
+func (n *connector) Connect(ctx context.Context) (_ driver.Conn, err error) {
+	var c conn
+	c.Conn, err = sqlite3.Open(n.name)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	defer func() {
 		if err != nil {
 			c.Close()
-			return nil, err
 		}
-		c.reusable = true
-	} else {
-		s, _, err := c.Conn.Prepare(`
-			SELECT * FROM
-				PRAGMA_locking_mode,
-				PRAGMA_query_only;
-		`)
+	}()
+
+	old := c.Conn.SetInterrupt(ctx)
+	defer c.Conn.SetInterrupt(old)
+
+	switch n.txlock {
+	case "":
+		c.txBegin = "BEGIN"
+	case "deferred", "immediate", "exclusive":
+		c.txBegin = "BEGIN " + n.txlock
+	default:
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("sqlite3: invalid _txlock: %s", n.txlock)
+	}
+	if !n.pragmas {
+		err = c.Conn.Exec(`PRAGMA busy_timeout=60000`)
 		if err != nil {
-			c.Close()
 			return nil, err
 		}
-		if s.Step() {
-			c.reusable = s.ColumnText(0) == "normal"
-			c.readOnly = s.ColumnRawText(1)[0] // 0 or 1
+	}
+	if n.init != nil {
+		err = n.init(c.Conn)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
+	if n.pragmas || n.init != nil {
+		s, _, err := c.Conn.Prepare(`PRAGMA query_only`)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		if s.Step() && s.ColumnBool(0) {
+			c.readOnly = '1'
+		} else {
+			c.readOnly = '0'
 		}
 		err = s.Close()
 		if err != nil {
-			c.Close()
 			return nil, err
 		}
 	}
@@ -110,20 +163,19 @@ type conn struct {
 	txBegin    string
 	txCommit   string
 	txRollback string
-	reusable   bool
 	readOnly   byte
 }
 
 var (
 	// Ensure these interfaces are implemented:
-	_ driver.ExecerContext = &conn{}
-	_ driver.ConnBeginTx   = &conn{}
-	_ driver.Validator     = &conn{}
-	_ sqlite3.DriverConn   = &conn{}
+	_ driver.ConnPrepareContext = &conn{}
+	_ driver.ExecerContext      = &conn{}
+	_ driver.ConnBeginTx        = &conn{}
+	_ sqlite3.DriverConn        = &conn{}
 )
 
-func (c *conn) IsValid() bool {
-	return c.reusable
+func (c *conn) Raw() *sqlite3.Conn {
+	return c.Conn
 }
 
 func (c *conn) Begin() (driver.Tx, error) {
@@ -139,10 +191,10 @@ func (c *conn) BeginTx(ctx context.Context, opts driver.TxOptions) (driver.Tx, e
 		txBegin = `
 			BEGIN deferred;
 			PRAGMA query_only=on`
-		c.txCommit = `
+		c.txRollback = `
 			ROLLBACK;
 			PRAGMA query_only=` + string(c.readOnly)
-		c.txRollback = c.txCommit
+		c.txCommit = c.txRollback
 	}
 
 	switch opts.Isolation {
@@ -166,14 +218,20 @@ func (c *conn) BeginTx(ctx context.Context, opts driver.TxOptions) (driver.Tx, e
 
 func (c *conn) Commit() error {
 	err := c.Conn.Exec(c.txCommit)
-	if err != nil && !c.GetAutocommit() {
+	if err != nil && !c.Conn.GetAutocommit() {
 		c.Rollback()
 	}
 	return err
 }
 
 func (c *conn) Rollback() error {
-	return c.Conn.Exec(c.txRollback)
+	err := c.Conn.Exec(c.txRollback)
+	if errors.Is(err, sqlite3.INTERRUPT) {
+		old := c.Conn.SetInterrupt(context.Background())
+		defer c.Conn.SetInterrupt(old)
+		err = c.Conn.Exec(c.txRollback)
+	}
+	return err
 }
 
 func (c *conn) Prepare(query string) (driver.Stmt, error) {
@@ -210,6 +268,12 @@ func (c *conn) ExecContext(ctx context.Context, query string, args []driver.Name
 		return nil, driver.ErrSkip
 	}
 
+	if savept, ok := ctx.(*saveptCtx); ok {
+		// Called from driver.Savepoint.
+		savept.Savepoint = c.Savepoint()
+		return resultRowsAffected(0), nil
+	}
+
 	old := c.Conn.SetInterrupt(ctx)
 	defer c.Conn.SetInterrupt(old)
 
@@ -221,6 +285,10 @@ func (c *conn) ExecContext(ctx context.Context, query string, args []driver.Name
 	return newResult(c.Conn), nil
 }
 
+func (*conn) CheckNamedValue(arg *driver.NamedValue) error {
+	return nil
+}
+
 type stmt struct {
 	Stmt *sqlite3.Stmt
 	Conn *sqlite3.Conn
@@ -258,13 +326,14 @@ func (s *stmt) Query(args []driver.Value) (driver.Rows, error) {
 }
 
 func (s *stmt) ExecContext(ctx context.Context, args []driver.NamedValue) (driver.Result, error) {
-	// Use QueryContext to setup bindings.
-	// No need to close rows: that simply resets the statement, exec does the same.
-	_, err := s.QueryContext(ctx, args)
+	err := s.setupBindings(args)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
+	old := s.Conn.SetInterrupt(ctx)
+	defer s.Conn.SetInterrupt(old)
+
 	err = s.Stmt.Exec()
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
@@ -274,10 +343,18 @@ func (s *stmt) ExecContext(ctx context.Context, args []driver.NamedValue) (drive
 }
 
 func (s *stmt) QueryContext(ctx context.Context, args []driver.NamedValue) (driver.Rows, error) {
-	err := s.Stmt.ClearBindings()
+	err := s.setupBindings(args)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
+	return &rows{ctx, s.Stmt, s.Conn}, nil
+}
+
+func (s *stmt) setupBindings(args []driver.NamedValue) error {
+	err := s.Stmt.ClearBindings()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
 
 	var ids [3]int
 	for _, arg := range args {
@@ -310,6 +387,10 @@ func (s *stmt) QueryContext(ctx context.Context, args []driver.NamedValue) (driv
 				err = s.Stmt.BindZeroBlob(id, int64(a))
 			case time.Time:
 				err = s.Stmt.BindTime(id, a, sqlite3.TimeFormatDefault)
+			case interface{ Pointer() any }:
+				err = s.Stmt.BindPointer(id, a.Pointer())
+			case interface{ JSON() any }:
+				err = s.Stmt.BindJSON(id, a.JSON())
 			case nil:
 				err = s.Stmt.BindNull(id)
 			default:
@@ -317,17 +398,19 @@ func (s *stmt) QueryContext(ctx context.Context, args []driver.NamedValue) (driv
 			}
 		}
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
+			return err
 		}
 	}
-
-	return &rows{ctx, s.Stmt, s.Conn}, nil
+	return nil
 }
 
 func (s *stmt) CheckNamedValue(arg *driver.NamedValue) error {
 	switch arg.Value.(type) {
 	case bool, int, int64, float64, string, []byte,
-		sqlite3.ZeroBlob, time.Time, nil:
+		sqlite3.ZeroBlob, time.Time,
+		interface{ Pointer() any },
+		interface{ JSON() any },
+		nil:
 		return nil
 	default:
 		return driver.ErrSkip
@@ -406,11 +489,7 @@ func (r *rows) Next(dest []driver.Value) error {
 		case sqlite3.TEXT:
 			dest[i] = stringOrTime(r.Stmt.ColumnRawText(i))
 		case sqlite3.NULL:
-			if buf, ok := dest[i].([]byte); ok {
-				dest[i] = buf[0:0]
-			} else {
-				dest[i] = nil
-			}
+			dest[i] = nil
 		default:
 			panic(util.AssertErr())
 		}

driver/json_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+package driver_test
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"log"
+
+	"github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3"
+	"github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/driver"
+	_ "github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/embed"
+	_ "github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/vfs/memdb"
+)
+
+func Example_json() {
+	db, err := driver.Open("file:/test.db?vfs=memdb", nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer db.Close()
+
+	_, err = db.Exec(`
+		CREATE TABLE orders (
+			cart_id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
+			user_id INTEGER NOT NULL,
+			cart    TEXT
+		);
+	`)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	type CartItem struct {
+		ItemID   string `json:"id"`
+		Name     string `json:"name"`
+		Quantity int    `json:"quantity,omitempty"`
+		Price    int    `json:"price,omitempty"`
+	}
+
+	type Cart struct {
+		Items []CartItem `json:"items"`
+	}
+
+	_, err = db.Exec(`INSERT INTO orders (user_id, cart) VALUES (?, ?)`, 123, sqlite3.JSON(Cart{
+		[]CartItem{
+			{ItemID: "111", Name: "T-shirt", Quantity: 1, Price: 250},
+			{ItemID: "222", Name: "Trousers", Quantity: 1, Price: 600},
+		},
+	}))
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	var total string
+	err = db.QueryRow(`
+		SELECT total(json_each.value -> 'price')
+		FROM orders, json_each(cart -> 'items')
+		WHERE cart_id = last_insert_rowid()
+	`).Scan(&total)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	fmt.Println("total:", total)
+	// Output:
+	// total: 850
+}

driver/savepoint.go

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+package driver
+
+import (
+	"database/sql"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3"
+)
+
+// Savepoint establishes a new transaction savepoint.
+//
+// https://www.sqlite.org/lang_savepoint.html
+func Savepoint(tx *sql.Tx) sqlite3.Savepoint {
+	var ctx saveptCtx
+	tx.ExecContext(&ctx, "")
+	return ctx.Savepoint
+}
+
+type saveptCtx struct{ sqlite3.Savepoint }
+
+func (*saveptCtx) Deadline() (deadline time.Time, ok bool) { return }
+
+func (*saveptCtx) Done() <-chan struct{} { return nil }
+
+func (*saveptCtx) Err() error { return nil }
+
+func (*saveptCtx) Value(key any) any { return nil }

driver/savepoint_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+package driver_test
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"log"
+
+	"github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/driver"
+	_ "github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/vfs/memdb"
+)
+
+func ExampleSavepoint() {
+	db, err := driver.Open("file:/test.db?vfs=memdb", nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer db.Close()
+
+	_, err = db.Exec(`CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS users (id INT, name VARCHAR(10))`)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	err = func() error {
+		tx, err := db.Begin()
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		defer tx.Rollback()
+
+		stmt, err := tx.Prepare(`INSERT INTO users (id, name) VALUES (?, ?)`)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		defer stmt.Close()
+
+		_, err = stmt.Exec(0, "go")
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		_, err = stmt.Exec(1, "zig")
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		savept := driver.Savepoint(tx)
+
+		_, err = stmt.Exec(2, "whatever")
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		err = savept.Rollback()
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		_, err = stmt.Exec(3, "rust")
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		return tx.Commit()
+	}()
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	rows, err := db.Query(`SELECT id, name FROM users`)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer rows.Close()
+
+	for rows.Next() {
+		var id, name string
+		err = rows.Scan(&id, &name)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		fmt.Printf("%s %s\n", id, name)
+	}
+	// Output:
+	// 0 go
+	// 1 zig
+	// 3 rust
+}

driver_test.go

@@ -1,75 +0,0 @@
-package sqlite3_test
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"database/sql"
-	"fmt"
-	"log"
-	"os"
-
-	"github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3"
-	_ "github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/driver"
-	_ "github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/embed"
-)
-
-var db *sql.DB
-
-func ExampleDriverConn() {
-	var err error
-	db, err = sql.Open("sqlite3", "demo.db")
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	defer os.Remove("demo.db")
-	defer db.Close()
-
-	ctx := context.Background()
-
-	conn, err := db.Conn(ctx)
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	defer conn.Close()
-
-	_, err = conn.ExecContext(ctx, `CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS test (col)`)
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Fatal(err)
-	}
-
-	res, err := conn.ExecContext(ctx, `INSERT INTO test VALUES (?)`, sqlite3.ZeroBlob(11))
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Fatal(err)
-	}
-
-	id, err := res.LastInsertId()
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Fatal(err)
-	}
-
-	err = conn.Raw(func(driverConn any) error {
-		conn := driverConn.(sqlite3.DriverConn)
-		savept := conn.Savepoint()
-		defer savept.Release(&err)
-
-		blob, err := conn.OpenBlob("main", "test", "col", id, true)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		defer blob.Close()
-
-		_, err = fmt.Fprint(blob, "Hello BLOB!")
-		return err
-	})
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Fatal(err)
-	}
-
-	var msg string
-	err = conn.QueryRowContext(ctx, `SELECT col FROM test`).Scan(&msg)
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	fmt.Println(msg)
-	// Output:
-	// Hello BLOB!
-}

embed/README.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # Embeddable WASM build of SQLite
 
-This folder includes an embeddable WASM build of SQLite 3.42.0 for use with
+This folder includes an embeddable WASM build of SQLite 3.44.0 for use with
 [`github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3`](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3).
 
 The following optional features are compiled in:
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ The following optional features are compiled in:
 - [JSON](https://www.sqlite.org/json1.html)
 - [R*Tree](https://www.sqlite.org/rtree.html)
 - [GeoPoly](https://www.sqlite.org/geopoly.html)
+- [soundex](https://www.sqlite.org/lang_corefunc.html#soundex)
 - [base64](https://github.com/sqlite/sqlite/blob/master/ext/misc/base64.c)
 - [decimal](https://github.com/sqlite/sqlite/blob/master/ext/misc/decimal.c)
 - [regexp](https://github.com/sqlite/sqlite/blob/master/ext/misc/regexp.c)

embed/build.sh

@@ -4,24 +4,27 @@ set -euo pipefail
 cd -P -- "$(dirname -- "$0")"
 
 ROOT=../
-BINARYEN="$ROOT/tools/binaryen-version_113/bin"
+BINARYEN="$ROOT/tools/binaryen-version_116/bin"
 WASI_SDK="$ROOT/tools/wasi-sdk-20.0/bin"
 
 "$WASI_SDK/clang" --target=wasm32-wasi -flto -g0 -O2 \
 	-o sqlite3.wasm "$ROOT/sqlite3/main.c" \
 	-I"$ROOT/sqlite3" \
 	-mexec-model=reactor \
-	-mmutable-globals \
+	-msimd128 -mmutable-globals \
 	-mbulk-memory -mreference-types \
 	-mnontrapping-fptoint -msign-ext \
+	-fno-stack-protector -fno-stack-clash-protection \
 	-Wl,--initial-memory=327680 \
 	-Wl,--stack-first \
 	-Wl,--import-undefined \
+	-D_HAVE_SQLITE_CONFIG_H \
 	$(awk '{print "-Wl,--export="$0}' exports.txt)
 
 trap 'rm -f sqlite3.tmp' EXIT
 "$BINARYEN/wasm-ctor-eval" -g -c _initialize sqlite3.wasm -o sqlite3.tmp
-"$BINARYEN/wasm-opt" -g -O2 sqlite3.tmp -o sqlite3.wasm \
-	--enable-multivalue --enable-mutable-globals \
+"$BINARYEN/wasm-opt" -g --strip -c -O3 \
+	sqlite3.tmp -o sqlite3.wasm \
+	--enable-simd --enable-mutable-globals --enable-multivalue \
 	--enable-bulk-memory --enable-reference-types \
 	--enable-nontrapping-float-to-int --enable-sign-ext

embed/exports.txt

@@ -13,6 +13,8 @@ sqlite3_finalize
 sqlite3_reset
 sqlite3_step
 sqlite3_exec
+sqlite3_interrupt
+sqlite3_progress_handler_go
 sqlite3_clear_bindings
 sqlite3_bind_parameter_count
 sqlite3_bind_parameter_index
@@ -23,6 +25,7 @@ sqlite3_bind_double
 sqlite3_bind_text64
 sqlite3_bind_blob64
 sqlite3_bind_zeroblob64
+sqlite3_bind_pointer_go
 sqlite3_column_count
 sqlite3_column_name
 sqlite3_column_type
@@ -33,10 +36,10 @@ sqlite3_column_blob
 sqlite3_column_bytes
 sqlite3_blob_open
 sqlite3_blob_close
+sqlite3_blob_reopen
 sqlite3_blob_bytes
 sqlite3_blob_read
 sqlite3_blob_write
-sqlite3_blob_reopen
 sqlite3_backup_init
 sqlite3_backup_step
 sqlite3_backup_finish
@@ -46,4 +49,32 @@ sqlite3_uri_parameter
 sqlite3_uri_key
 sqlite3_changes64
 sqlite3_last_insert_rowid
-sqlite3_get_autocommit
+sqlite3_get_autocommit
+sqlite3_anycollseq_init
+sqlite3_create_collation_go
+sqlite3_create_function_go
+sqlite3_create_aggregate_function_go
+sqlite3_create_window_function_go
+sqlite3_aggregate_context
+sqlite3_user_data
+sqlite3_set_auxdata_go
+sqlite3_get_auxdata
+sqlite3_value_type
+sqlite3_value_int64
+sqlite3_value_double
+sqlite3_value_text
+sqlite3_value_blob
+sqlite3_value_bytes
+sqlite3_value_pointer_go
+sqlite3_result_null
+sqlite3_result_int64
+sqlite3_result_double
+sqlite3_result_text64
+sqlite3_result_blob64
+sqlite3_result_zeroblob64
+sqlite3_result_pointer_go
+sqlite3_result_value
+sqlite3_result_error
+sqlite3_result_error_code
+sqlite3_result_error_nomem
+sqlite3_result_error_toobig

error.go

@@ -68,6 +68,19 @@ func (e *Error) Is(err error) bool {
 	return false
 }
 
+// As converts this error to an [ErrorCode] or [ExtendedErrorCode].
+func (e *Error) As(err any) bool {
+	switch c := err.(type) {
+	case *ErrorCode:
+		*c = e.Code()
+		return true
+	case *ExtendedErrorCode:
+		*c = e.ExtendedCode()
+		return true
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
 // Temporary returns true for [BUSY] errors.
 func (e *Error) Temporary() bool {
 	return e.Code() == BUSY
@@ -104,6 +117,15 @@ func (e ExtendedErrorCode) Is(err error) bool {
 	return ok && c == ErrorCode(e)
 }
 
+// As converts this error to an [ErrorCode].
+func (e ExtendedErrorCode) As(err any) bool {
+	c, ok := err.(*ErrorCode)
+	if ok {
+		*c = ErrorCode(e)
+	}
+	return ok
+}
+
 // Temporary returns true for [BUSY] errors.
 func (e ExtendedErrorCode) Temporary() bool {
 	return ErrorCode(e) == BUSY

error_test.go

@@ -18,22 +18,36 @@ func Test_assertErr(t *testing.T) {
 func TestError(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 
-	err := Error{code: 0x8080}
-	if rc := err.Code(); rc != 0x80 {
-		t.Errorf("got %#x, want 0x80", rc)
+	var ecode ErrorCode
+	var xcode xErrorCode
+	err := &Error{code: 0x8080}
+	if !errors.As(err, &err) {
+		t.Fatal("want true")
 	}
-	if !errors.Is(&err, ErrorCode(0x80)) {
+	if ecode := err.Code(); ecode != 0x80 {
+		t.Errorf("got %#x, want 0x80", uint8(ecode))
+	}
+	if ok := errors.As(err, &ecode); !ok || ecode != ErrorCode(0x80) {
+		t.Errorf("got %#x, want 0x80", uint8(ecode))
+	}
+	if !errors.Is(err, ErrorCode(0x80)) {
 		t.Errorf("want true")
 	}
-	if rc := err.ExtendedCode(); rc != 0x8080 {
-		t.Errorf("got %#x, want 0x8080", rc)
+	if xcode := err.ExtendedCode(); xcode != 0x8080 {
+		t.Errorf("got %#x, want 0x8080", uint16(xcode))
 	}
-	if !errors.Is(&err, ExtendedErrorCode(0x8080)) {
+	if ok := errors.As(err, &xcode); !ok || xcode != xErrorCode(0x8080) {
+		t.Errorf("got %#x, want 0x8080", uint16(xcode))
+	}
+	if !errors.Is(err, xErrorCode(0x8080)) {
 		t.Errorf("want true")
 	}
 	if s := err.Error(); s != "sqlite3: 32896" {
 		t.Errorf("got %q", s)
 	}
+	if ok := errors.As(err.ExtendedCode(), &ecode); !ok || ecode != ErrorCode(0x80) {
+		t.Errorf("got %#x, want 0x80", uint8(ecode))
+	}
 	if !errors.Is(err.ExtendedCode(), ErrorCode(0x80)) {
 		t.Errorf("want true")
 	}

ext/blob/blob.go

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+// Package blob provides an alternative interface to incremental BLOB I/O.
+package blob
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+
+	"github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3"
+)
+
+// Register registers the blob_open SQL function.
+func Register(db *sqlite3.Conn) {
+	db.CreateFunction("blob_open", -1,
+		sqlite3.DETERMINISTIC|sqlite3.DIRECTONLY, openBlob)
+}
+
+func openBlob(ctx sqlite3.Context, arg ...sqlite3.Value) {
+	if len(arg) < 6 {
+		ctx.ResultError(errors.New("wrong number of arguments to function blob_open()"))
+		return
+	}
+
+	row := arg[3].Int64()
+
+	var err error
+	blob, ok := ctx.GetAuxData(0).(*sqlite3.Blob)
+	if ok {
+		err = blob.Reopen(row)
+		if errors.Is(err, sqlite3.MISUSE) {
+			// Blob was closed (db, table or column changed).
+			ok = false
+		}
+	}
+
+	if !ok {
+		db := arg[0].Text()
+		table := arg[1].Text()
+		column := arg[2].Text()
+		write := arg[4].Bool()
+		blob, err = ctx.Conn().OpenBlob(db, table, column, row, write)
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		ctx.ResultError(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	fn := arg[5].Pointer().(OpenCallback)
+	err = fn(blob, arg[6:]...)
+	if err != nil {
+		ctx.ResultError(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	// This ensures the blob is closed if db, table or column change.
+	ctx.SetAuxData(0, blob)
+	ctx.SetAuxData(1, blob)
+	ctx.SetAuxData(2, blob)
+}
+
+type OpenCallback func(*sqlite3.Blob, ...sqlite3.Value) error

ext/blob/blob_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+package blob_test
+
+import (
+	"io"
+	"log"
+	"os"
+
+	"github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3"
+	"github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/driver"
+	_ "github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/embed"
+	"github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/ext/blob"
+	_ "github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/vfs/memdb"
+)
+
+func Example() {
+	// Open the database, registering the extension.
+	db, err := driver.Open("file:/test.db?vfs=memdb", func(conn *sqlite3.Conn) error {
+		blob.Register(conn)
+		return nil
+	})
+
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer db.Close()
+
+	_, err = db.Exec(`CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS test (col)`)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	const message = "Hello BLOB!"
+
+	// Create the BLOB.
+	_, err = db.Exec(`INSERT INTO test VALUES (?)`, sqlite3.ZeroBlob(len(message)))
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	// Write the BLOB.
+	_, err = db.Exec(`SELECT blob_open('main', 'test', 'col', last_insert_rowid(), true, ?)`,
+		sqlite3.Pointer[blob.OpenCallback](func(blob *sqlite3.Blob, _ ...sqlite3.Value) error {
+			_, err = io.WriteString(blob, message)
+			return err
+		}))
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	// Read the BLOB.
+	_, err = db.Exec(`SELECT blob_open('main', 'test', 'col', rowid, false, ?) FROM test`,
+		sqlite3.Pointer[blob.OpenCallback](func(blob *sqlite3.Blob, _ ...sqlite3.Value) error {
+			_, err = io.Copy(os.Stdout, blob)
+			return err
+		}))
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	// Output:
+	// Hello BLOB!
+}

ext/stats/stats.go

@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+// Package stats provides aggregate functions for statistics.
+//
+// Functions:
+//   - stddev_pop: population standard deviation
+//   - stddev_samp: sample standard deviation
+//   - var_pop: population variance
+//   - var_samp: sample variance
+//   - covar_pop: population covariance
+//   - covar_samp: sample covariance
+//   - corr: correlation coefficient
+//
+// See: [ANSI SQL Aggregate Functions]
+//
+// [ANSI SQL Aggregate Functions]: https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/sql-in-a/9780596155322/ch04s02.html
+package stats
+
+import "github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3"
+
+// Register registers statistics functions.
+func Register(db *sqlite3.Conn) {
+	flags := sqlite3.DETERMINISTIC | sqlite3.INNOCUOUS
+	db.CreateWindowFunction("var_pop", 1, flags, newVariance(var_pop))
+	db.CreateWindowFunction("var_samp", 1, flags, newVariance(var_samp))
+	db.CreateWindowFunction("stddev_pop", 1, flags, newVariance(stddev_pop))
+	db.CreateWindowFunction("stddev_samp", 1, flags, newVariance(stddev_samp))
+	db.CreateWindowFunction("covar_pop", 2, flags, newCovariance(var_pop))
+	db.CreateWindowFunction("covar_samp", 2, flags, newCovariance(var_samp))
+	db.CreateWindowFunction("corr", 2, flags, newCovariance(corr))
+}
+
+const (
+	var_pop = iota
+	var_samp
+	stddev_pop
+	stddev_samp
+	corr
+)
+
+func newVariance(kind int) func() sqlite3.AggregateFunction {
+	return func() sqlite3.AggregateFunction { return &variance{kind: kind} }
+}
+
+type variance struct {
+	kind int
+	welford
+}
+
+func (fn *variance) Value(ctx sqlite3.Context) {
+	var r float64
+	switch fn.kind {
+	case var_pop:
+		r = fn.var_pop()
+	case var_samp:
+		r = fn.var_samp()
+	case stddev_pop:
+		r = fn.stddev_pop()
+	case stddev_samp:
+		r = fn.stddev_samp()
+	}
+	ctx.ResultFloat(r)
+}
+
+func (fn *variance) Step(ctx sqlite3.Context, arg ...sqlite3.Value) {
+	if a := arg[0]; a.Type() != sqlite3.NULL {
+		fn.enqueue(a.Float())
+	}
+}
+
+func (fn *variance) Inverse(ctx sqlite3.Context, arg ...sqlite3.Value) {
+	if a := arg[0]; a.Type() != sqlite3.NULL {
+		fn.dequeue(a.Float())
+	}
+}
+
+func newCovariance(kind int) func() sqlite3.AggregateFunction {
+	return func() sqlite3.AggregateFunction { return &covariance{kind: kind} }
+}
+
+type covariance struct {
+	kind int
+	welford2
+}
+
+func (fn *covariance) Value(ctx sqlite3.Context) {
+	var r float64
+	switch fn.kind {
+	case var_pop:
+		r = fn.covar_pop()
+	case var_samp:
+		r = fn.covar_samp()
+	case corr:
+		r = fn.correlation()
+	}
+	ctx.ResultFloat(r)
+}
+
+func (fn *covariance) Step(ctx sqlite3.Context, arg ...sqlite3.Value) {
+	a, b := arg[0], arg[1]
+	if a.Type() != sqlite3.NULL && b.Type() != sqlite3.NULL {
+		fn.enqueue(a.Float(), b.Float())
+	}
+}
+
+func (fn *covariance) Inverse(ctx sqlite3.Context, arg ...sqlite3.Value) {
+	a, b := arg[0], arg[1]
+	if a.Type() != sqlite3.NULL && b.Type() != sqlite3.NULL {
+		fn.dequeue(a.Float(), b.Float())
+	}
+}

ext/stats/stats_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+package stats
+
+import (
+	"math"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3"
+	_ "github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/embed"
+)
+
+func TestRegister_variance(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	db, err := sqlite3.Open(":memory:")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer db.Close()
+
+	Register(db)
+
+	err = db.Exec(`CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS data (x)`)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	err = db.Exec(`INSERT INTO data (x) VALUES (4), (7.0), ('13'), (NULL), (16)`)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	stmt, _, err := db.Prepare(`
+		SELECT
+			sum(x), avg(x),
+			var_samp(x), var_pop(x),
+			stddev_samp(x), stddev_pop(x)
+		FROM data`)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer stmt.Close()
+
+	if stmt.Step() {
+		if got := stmt.ColumnFloat(0); got != 40 {
+			t.Errorf("got %v, want 40", got)
+		}
+		if got := stmt.ColumnFloat(1); got != 10 {
+			t.Errorf("got %v, want 10", got)
+		}
+		if got := stmt.ColumnFloat(2); got != 30 {
+			t.Errorf("got %v, want 30", got)
+		}
+		if got := stmt.ColumnFloat(3); got != 22.5 {
+			t.Errorf("got %v, want 22.5", got)
+		}
+		if got := stmt.ColumnFloat(4); got != math.Sqrt(30) {
+			t.Errorf("got %v, want √30", got)
+		}
+		if got := stmt.ColumnFloat(5); got != math.Sqrt(22.5) {
+			t.Errorf("got %v, want √22.5", got)
+		}
+	}
+
+	{
+		stmt, _, err := db.Prepare(`SELECT var_samp(x) OVER (ROWS 1 PRECEDING) FROM data`)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		defer stmt.Close()
+
+		want := [...]float64{0, 4.5, 18, 0, 0}
+		for i := 0; stmt.Step(); i++ {
+			if got := stmt.ColumnFloat(0); got != want[i] {
+				t.Errorf("got %v, want %v", got, want[i])
+			}
+			if got := stmt.ColumnType(0); (got == sqlite3.FLOAT) != (want[i] != 0) {
+				t.Errorf("got %v, want %v", got, want[i])
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRegister_covariance(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	db, err := sqlite3.Open(":memory:")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer db.Close()
+
+	Register(db)
+
+	err = db.Exec(`CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS data (x, y)`)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	err = db.Exec(`INSERT INTO data (x, y) VALUES (3, 70), (5, 80), (2, 60), (7, 90), (4, 75)`)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	stmt, _, err := db.Prepare(`SELECT
+		corr(x, y), covar_samp(x, y), covar_pop(x, y) FROM data`)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer stmt.Close()
+
+	if stmt.Step() {
+		if got := stmt.ColumnFloat(0); got != 0.9881049293224639 {
+			t.Errorf("got %v, want 0.9881049293224639", got)
+		}
+		if got := stmt.ColumnFloat(1); got != 21.25 {
+			t.Errorf("got %v, want 21.25", got)
+		}
+		if got := stmt.ColumnFloat(2); got != 17 {
+			t.Errorf("got %v, want 17", got)
+		}
+	}
+
+	{
+		stmt, _, err := db.Prepare(`SELECT covar_samp(x, y) OVER (ROWS 1 PRECEDING) FROM data`)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		defer stmt.Close()
+
+		want := [...]float64{0, 10, 30, 75, 22.5}
+		for i := 0; stmt.Step(); i++ {
+			if got := stmt.ColumnFloat(0); got != want[i] {
+				t.Errorf("got %v, want %v", got, want[i])
+			}
+			if got := stmt.ColumnType(0); (got == sqlite3.FLOAT) != (want[i] != 0) {
+				t.Errorf("got %v, want %v", got, want[i])
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

ext/stats/welford.go

@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+package stats
+
+import "math"
+
+// Welford's algorithm with Kahan summation:
+// https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algorithms_for_calculating_variance#Welford's_online_algorithm
+// https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kahan_summation_algorithm
+
+type welford struct {
+	m1, m2 kahan
+	n      uint64
+}
+
+func (w welford) average() float64 {
+	return w.m1.hi
+}
+
+func (w welford) var_pop() float64 {
+	return w.m2.hi / float64(w.n)
+}
+
+func (w welford) var_samp() float64 {
+	return w.m2.hi / float64(w.n-1) // Bessel's correction
+}
+
+func (w welford) stddev_pop() float64 {
+	return math.Sqrt(w.var_pop())
+}
+
+func (w welford) stddev_samp() float64 {
+	return math.Sqrt(w.var_samp())
+}
+
+func (w *welford) enqueue(x float64) {
+	w.n++
+	d1 := x - w.m1.hi - w.m1.lo
+	w.m1.add(d1 / float64(w.n))
+	d2 := x - w.m1.hi - w.m1.lo
+	w.m2.add(d1 * d2)
+}
+
+func (w *welford) dequeue(x float64) {
+	w.n--
+	d1 := x - w.m1.hi - w.m1.lo
+	w.m1.sub(d1 / float64(w.n))
+	d2 := x - w.m1.hi - w.m1.lo
+	w.m2.sub(d1 * d2)
+}
+
+type welford2 struct {
+	m1x, m2x kahan
+	m1y, m2y kahan
+	cov      kahan
+	n        uint64
+}
+
+func (w welford2) covar_pop() float64 {
+	return w.cov.hi / float64(w.n)
+}
+
+func (w welford2) covar_samp() float64 {
+	return w.cov.hi / float64(w.n-1) // Bessel's correction
+}
+
+func (w welford2) correlation() float64 {
+	return w.cov.hi / math.Sqrt(w.m2x.hi*w.m2y.hi)
+}
+
+func (w *welford2) enqueue(x, y float64) {
+	w.n++
+	d1x := x - w.m1x.hi - w.m1x.lo
+	d1y := y - w.m1y.hi - w.m1y.lo
+	w.m1x.add(d1x / float64(w.n))
+	w.m1y.add(d1y / float64(w.n))
+	d2x := x - w.m1x.hi - w.m1x.lo
+	d2y := y - w.m1y.hi - w.m1y.lo
+	w.m2x.add(d1x * d2x)
+	w.m2y.add(d1y * d2y)
+	w.cov.add(d1x * d2y)
+}
+
+func (w *welford2) dequeue(x, y float64) {
+	w.n--
+	d1x := x - w.m1x.hi - w.m1x.lo
+	d1y := y - w.m1y.hi - w.m1y.lo
+	w.m1x.sub(d1x / float64(w.n))
+	w.m1y.sub(d1y / float64(w.n))
+	d2x := x - w.m1x.hi - w.m1x.lo
+	d2y := y - w.m1y.hi - w.m1y.lo
+	w.m2x.sub(d1x * d2x)
+	w.m2y.sub(d1y * d2y)
+	w.cov.sub(d1x * d2y)
+}
+
+type kahan struct{ hi, lo float64 }
+
+func (k *kahan) add(x float64) {
+	y := k.lo + x
+	t := k.hi + y
+	k.lo = y - (t - k.hi)
+	k.hi = t
+}
+
+func (k *kahan) sub(x float64) {
+	y := k.lo - x
+	t := k.hi + y
+	k.lo = y - (t - k.hi)
+	k.hi = t
+}

ext/stats/welford_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+package stats
+
+import (
+	"math"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func Test_welford(t *testing.T) {
+	var s1, s2 welford
+
+	s1.enqueue(4)
+	s1.enqueue(7)
+	s1.enqueue(13)
+	s1.enqueue(16)
+	if got := s1.average(); got != 10 {
+		t.Errorf("got %v, want 10", got)
+	}
+	if got := s1.var_samp(); got != 30 {
+		t.Errorf("got %v, want 30", got)
+	}
+	if got := s1.var_pop(); got != 22.5 {
+		t.Errorf("got %v, want 22.5", got)
+	}
+	if got := s1.stddev_samp(); got != math.Sqrt(30) {
+		t.Errorf("got %v, want √30", got)
+	}
+	if got := s1.stddev_pop(); got != math.Sqrt(22.5) {
+		t.Errorf("got %v, want √22.5", got)
+	}
+
+	s1.dequeue(4)
+	s2.enqueue(7)
+	s2.enqueue(13)
+	s2.enqueue(16)
+	if s1.var_pop() != s2.var_pop() {
+		t.Errorf("got %v, want %v", s1, s2)
+	}
+}
+
+func Test_covar(t *testing.T) {
+	var c1, c2 welford2
+
+	c1.enqueue(3, 70)
+	c1.enqueue(5, 80)
+	c1.enqueue(2, 60)
+	c1.enqueue(7, 90)
+	c1.enqueue(4, 75)
+
+	if got := c1.covar_samp(); got != 21.25 {
+		t.Errorf("got %v, want 21.25", got)
+	}
+	if got := c1.covar_pop(); got != 17 {
+		t.Errorf("got %v, want 17", got)
+	}
+
+	c1.dequeue(3, 70)
+	c2.enqueue(5, 80)
+	c2.enqueue(2, 60)
+	c2.enqueue(7, 90)
+	c2.enqueue(4, 75)
+	if c1.covar_pop() != c2.covar_pop() {
+		t.Errorf("got %v, want %v", c1.covar_pop(), c2.covar_pop())
+	}
+}
+
+func Test_correlation(t *testing.T) {
+	var c welford2
+	c.enqueue(1, 3)
+	c.enqueue(2, 2)
+	c.enqueue(3, 1)
+
+	if got := c.correlation(); got != -1 {
+		t.Errorf("got %v, want -1", got)
+	}
+}

ext/unicode/unicode.go

@@ -0,0 +1,181 @@
+// Package unicode provides an alternative to the SQLite ICU extension.
+//
+// Like the [ICU extension], it provides Unicode aware:
+//   - upper() and lower() functions,
+//   - LIKE and REGEXP operators,
+//   - collation sequences.
+//
+// The implementation is not 100% compatible with the [ICU extension]:
+//   - upper() and lower() use [strings.ToUpper], [strings.ToLower] and [cases];
+//   - the LIKE operator follows [strings.EqualFold] rules;
+//   - the REGEXP operator uses Go [regex/syntax];
+//   - collation sequences use [collate].
+//
+// Expect subtle differences (e.g.) in the handling of Turkish case folding.
+//
+// [ICU extension]: https://sqlite.org/src/dir/ext/icu
+package unicode
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"regexp"
+	"strings"
+	"unicode/utf8"
+
+	"github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3"
+	"github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/internal/util"
+	"golang.org/x/text/cases"
+	"golang.org/x/text/collate"
+	"golang.org/x/text/language"
+)
+
+// Register registers Unicode aware functions for a database connection.
+func Register(db *sqlite3.Conn) {
+	flags := sqlite3.DETERMINISTIC | sqlite3.INNOCUOUS
+
+	db.CreateFunction("like", 2, flags, like)
+	db.CreateFunction("like", 3, flags, like)
+	db.CreateFunction("upper", 1, flags, upper)
+	db.CreateFunction("upper", 2, flags, upper)
+	db.CreateFunction("lower", 1, flags, lower)
+	db.CreateFunction("lower", 2, flags, lower)
+	db.CreateFunction("regexp", 2, flags, regex)
+	db.CreateFunction("icu_load_collation", 2, sqlite3.DIRECTONLY,
+		func(ctx sqlite3.Context, arg ...sqlite3.Value) {
+			name := arg[1].Text()
+			if name == "" {
+				return
+			}
+
+			err := RegisterCollation(db, arg[0].Text(), name)
+			if err != nil {
+				ctx.ResultError(err)
+				return
+			}
+		})
+}
+
+// RegisterCollation registers a Unicode collation sequence for a database connection.
+func RegisterCollation(db *sqlite3.Conn, locale, name string) error {
+	tag, err := language.Parse(locale)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return db.CreateCollation(name, collate.New(tag).Compare)
+}
+
+func upper(ctx sqlite3.Context, arg ...sqlite3.Value) {
+	if len(arg) == 1 {
+		ctx.ResultBlob(bytes.ToUpper(arg[0].RawBlob()))
+		return
+	}
+	cs, ok := ctx.GetAuxData(1).(cases.Caser)
+	if !ok {
+		t, err := language.Parse(arg[1].Text())
+		if err != nil {
+			ctx.ResultError(err)
+			return
+		}
+		c := cases.Upper(t)
+		ctx.SetAuxData(1, c)
+		cs = c
+	}
+	ctx.ResultBlob(cs.Bytes(arg[0].RawBlob()))
+}
+
+func lower(ctx sqlite3.Context, arg ...sqlite3.Value) {
+	if len(arg) == 1 {
+		ctx.ResultBlob(bytes.ToLower(arg[0].RawBlob()))
+		return
+	}
+	cs, ok := ctx.GetAuxData(1).(cases.Caser)
+	if !ok {
+		t, err := language.Parse(arg[1].Text())
+		if err != nil {
+			ctx.ResultError(err)
+			return
+		}
+		c := cases.Lower(t)
+		ctx.SetAuxData(1, c)
+		cs = c
+	}
+	ctx.ResultBlob(cs.Bytes(arg[0].RawBlob()))
+}
+
+func regex(ctx sqlite3.Context, arg ...sqlite3.Value) {
+	re, ok := ctx.GetAuxData(0).(*regexp.Regexp)
+	if !ok {
+		r, err := regexp.Compile(arg[0].Text())
+		if err != nil {
+			ctx.ResultError(err)
+			return
+		}
+		re = r
+		ctx.SetAuxData(0, re)
+	}
+	ctx.ResultBool(re.Match(arg[1].RawBlob()))
+}
+
+func like(ctx sqlite3.Context, arg ...sqlite3.Value) {
+	escape := rune(-1)
+	if len(arg) == 3 {
+		var size int
+		b := arg[2].RawBlob()
+		escape, size = utf8.DecodeRune(b)
+		if size != len(b) {
+			ctx.ResultError(util.ErrorString("ESCAPE expression must be a single character"))
+			return
+		}
+	}
+
+	type likeData struct {
+		*regexp.Regexp
+		escape rune
+	}
+
+	re, ok := ctx.GetAuxData(0).(likeData)
+	if !ok || re.escape != escape {
+		re = likeData{
+			regexp.MustCompile(like2regex(arg[0].Text(), escape)),
+			escape,
+		}
+		ctx.SetAuxData(0, re)
+	}
+	ctx.ResultBool(re.Match(arg[1].RawBlob()))
+}
+
+func like2regex(pattern string, escape rune) string {
+	var re strings.Builder
+	start := 0
+	literal := false
+	re.Grow(len(pattern) + 10)
+	re.WriteString(`(?is)\A`) // case insensitive, . matches any character
+	for i, r := range pattern {
+		if start < 0 {
+			start = i
+		}
+		if literal {
+			literal = false
+			continue
+		}
+		var symbol string
+		switch r {
+		case '_':
+			symbol = `.`
+		case '%':
+			symbol = `.*`
+		case escape:
+			literal = true
+		default:
+			continue
+		}
+		re.WriteString(regexp.QuoteMeta(pattern[start:i]))
+		re.WriteString(symbol)
+		start = -1
+	}
+	if start >= 0 {
+		re.WriteString(regexp.QuoteMeta(pattern[start:]))
+	}
+	re.WriteString(`\z`)
+	return re.String()
+}

ext/unicode/unicode_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,215 @@
+package unicode
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"reflect"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3"
+	_ "github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/embed"
+)
+
+func TestRegister(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	db, err := sqlite3.Open(":memory:")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer db.Close()
+
+	exec := func(fn string) string {
+		stmt, _, err := db.Prepare(`SELECT ` + fn)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		defer stmt.Close()
+
+		if stmt.Step() {
+			return stmt.ColumnText(0)
+		}
+		t.Fatal(stmt.Err())
+		return ""
+	}
+
+	Register(db)
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		test string
+		want string
+	}{
+		{`upper('hello')`, "HELLO"},
+		{`lower('HELLO')`, "hello"},
+		{`upper('привет')`, "ПРИВЕТ"},
+		{`lower('ПРИВЕТ')`, "привет"},
+		{`upper('istanbul')`, "ISTANBUL"},
+		{`upper('istanbul', 'tr-TR')`, "İSTANBUL"},
+		{`lower('Dünyanın İlk Borsası', 'tr-TR')`, "dünyanın ilk borsası"},
+		{`upper('Dünyanın İlk Borsası', 'tr-TR')`, "DÜNYANIN İLK BORSASI"},
+		{`'Hello' REGEXP 'ell'`, "1"},
+		{`'Hello' REGEXP 'el.'`, "1"},
+		{`'Hello' LIKE 'hel_'`, "0"},
+		{`'Hello' LIKE 'hel%'`, "1"},
+		{`'Hello' LIKE 'h_llo'`, "1"},
+		{`'Hello' LIKE 'hello'`, "1"},
+		{`'Привет' LIKE 'ПРИВЕТ'`, "1"},
+		{`'100%' LIKE '100|%' ESCAPE '|'`, "1"},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.test, func(t *testing.T) {
+			if got := exec(tt.test); got != tt.want {
+				t.Errorf("exec(%q) = %q, want %q", tt.test, got, tt.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+
+	err = db.Close()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRegister_collation(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	db, err := sqlite3.Open(":memory:")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer db.Close()
+
+	Register(db)
+
+	err = db.Exec(`CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS words (word VARCHAR(10))`)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	err = db.Exec(`INSERT INTO words (word) VALUES ('côte'), ('cote'), ('coter'), ('coté'), ('cotée'), ('côté')`)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	err = db.Exec(`SELECT icu_load_collation('fr_FR', 'french')`)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	stmt, _, err := db.Prepare(`SELECT word FROM words ORDER BY word COLLATE french`)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer stmt.Close()
+
+	got, want := []string{}, []string{"cote", "coté", "côte", "côté", "cotée", "coter"}
+
+	for stmt.Step() {
+		got = append(got, stmt.ColumnText(0))
+	}
+	if err := stmt.Err(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	if !reflect.DeepEqual(got, want) {
+		t.Error("not equal")
+	}
+
+	err = stmt.Close()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	err = db.Close()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRegister_error(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	db, err := sqlite3.Open(":memory:")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer db.Close()
+
+	Register(db)
+
+	err = db.Exec(`SELECT upper('hello', 'enUS')`)
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Error("want error")
+	}
+	if !errors.Is(err, sqlite3.ERROR) {
+		t.Errorf("got %v, want sqlite3.ERROR", err)
+	}
+
+	err = db.Exec(`SELECT lower('hello', 'enUS')`)
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Error("want error")
+	}
+	if !errors.Is(err, sqlite3.ERROR) {
+		t.Errorf("got %v, want sqlite3.ERROR", err)
+	}
+
+	err = db.Exec(`SELECT 'hello' REGEXP '\'`)
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Error("want error")
+	}
+	if !errors.Is(err, sqlite3.ERROR) {
+		t.Errorf("got %v, want sqlite3.ERROR", err)
+	}
+
+	err = db.Exec(`SELECT 'hello' LIKE 'HELLO' ESCAPE '\\'`)
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Error("want error")
+	}
+	if !errors.Is(err, sqlite3.ERROR) {
+		t.Errorf("got %v, want sqlite3.ERROR", err)
+	}
+
+	err = db.Exec(`SELECT icu_load_collation('enUS', 'error')`)
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Error("want error")
+	}
+	if !errors.Is(err, sqlite3.ERROR) {
+		t.Errorf("got %v, want sqlite3.ERROR", err)
+	}
+
+	err = db.Exec(`SELECT icu_load_collation('enUS', '')`)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Error(err)
+	}
+
+	err = db.Close()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+}
+
+func Test_like2regex(t *testing.T) {
+	const prefix = `(?is)\A`
+	const sufix = `\z`
+	tests := []struct {
+		pattern string
+		escape  rune
+		want    string
+	}{
+		{`a`, -1, `a`},
+		{`a.`, -1, `a\.`},
+		{`a%`, -1, `a.*`},
+		{`a\`, -1, `a\\`},
+		{`a_b`, -1, `a.b`},
+		{`a|b`, '|', `ab`},
+		{`a|_`, '|', `a_`},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.pattern, func(t *testing.T) {
+			want := prefix + tt.want + sufix
+			if got := like2regex(tt.pattern, tt.escape); got != want {
+				t.Errorf("like2regex() = %q, want %q", got, want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

func.go

@@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
+package sqlite3
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	"github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/internal/util"
+	"github.com/tetratelabs/wazero/api"
+)
+
+// AnyCollationNeeded registers a fake collating function
+// for any unknown collating sequence.
+// The fake collating function works like BINARY.
+//
+// This can be used to load schemas that contain
+// one or more unknown collating sequences.
+func (c *Conn) AnyCollationNeeded() {
+	c.call(c.api.anyCollation, uint64(c.handle), 0, 0)
+}
+
+// CreateCollation defines a new collating sequence.
+//
+// https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/create_collation.html
+func (c *Conn) CreateCollation(name string, fn func(a, b []byte) int) error {
+	namePtr := c.arena.string(name)
+	funcPtr := util.AddHandle(c.ctx, fn)
+	r := c.call(c.api.createCollation,
+		uint64(c.handle), uint64(namePtr), uint64(funcPtr))
+	if err := c.error(r); err != nil {
+		util.DelHandle(c.ctx, funcPtr)
+		return err
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// CreateFunction defines a new scalar SQL function.
+//
+// https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/create_function.html
+func (c *Conn) CreateFunction(name string, nArg int, flag FunctionFlag, fn func(ctx Context, arg ...Value)) error {
+	namePtr := c.arena.string(name)
+	funcPtr := util.AddHandle(c.ctx, fn)
+	r := c.call(c.api.createFunction,
+		uint64(c.handle), uint64(namePtr), uint64(nArg),
+		uint64(flag), uint64(funcPtr))
+	return c.error(r)
+}
+
+// CreateWindowFunction defines a new aggregate or aggregate window SQL function.
+// If fn returns a [WindowFunction], then an aggregate window function is created.
+// If fn returns an [io.Closer], it will be called to free resources.
+//
+// https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/create_function.html
+func (c *Conn) CreateWindowFunction(name string, nArg int, flag FunctionFlag, fn func() AggregateFunction) error {
+	call := c.api.createAggregate
+	namePtr := c.arena.string(name)
+	funcPtr := util.AddHandle(c.ctx, fn)
+	if _, ok := fn().(WindowFunction); ok {
+		call = c.api.createWindow
+	}
+	r := c.call(call,
+		uint64(c.handle), uint64(namePtr), uint64(nArg),
+		uint64(flag), uint64(funcPtr))
+	return c.error(r)
+}
+
+// AggregateFunction is the interface an aggregate function should implement.
+//
+// https://www.sqlite.org/appfunc.html
+type AggregateFunction interface {
+	// Step is invoked to add a row to the current window.
+	// The function arguments, if any, corresponding to the row being added are passed to Step.
+	Step(ctx Context, arg ...Value)
+
+	// Value is invoked to return the current (or final) value of the aggregate.
+	Value(ctx Context)
+}
+
+// WindowFunction is the interface an aggregate window function should implement.
+//
+// https://www.sqlite.org/windowfunctions.html
+type WindowFunction interface {
+	AggregateFunction
+
+	// Inverse is invoked to remove the oldest presently aggregated result of Step from the current window.
+	// The function arguments, if any, are those passed to Step for the row being removed.
+	Inverse(ctx Context, arg ...Value)
+}
+
+func callbackDestroy(ctx context.Context, mod api.Module, pApp uint32) {
+	util.DelHandle(ctx, pApp)
+}
+
+func callbackCompare(ctx context.Context, mod api.Module, pApp, nKey1, pKey1, nKey2, pKey2 uint32) uint32 {
+	fn := util.GetHandle(ctx, pApp).(func(a, b []byte) int)
+	return uint32(fn(util.View(mod, pKey1, uint64(nKey1)), util.View(mod, pKey2, uint64(nKey2))))
+}
+
+func callbackFunc(ctx context.Context, mod api.Module, pCtx, nArg, pArg uint32) {
+	db := ctx.Value(connKey{}).(*Conn)
+	fn := callbackHandle(db, pCtx).(func(ctx Context, arg ...Value))
+	fn(Context{db, pCtx}, callbackArgs(db, nArg, pArg)...)
+}
+
+func callbackStep(ctx context.Context, mod api.Module, pCtx, nArg, pArg uint32) {
+	db := ctx.Value(connKey{}).(*Conn)
+	fn := callbackAggregate(db, pCtx, nil).(AggregateFunction)
+	fn.Step(Context{db, pCtx}, callbackArgs(db, nArg, pArg)...)
+}
+
+func callbackFinal(ctx context.Context, mod api.Module, pCtx uint32) {
+	var handle uint32
+	db := ctx.Value(connKey{}).(*Conn)
+	fn := callbackAggregate(db, pCtx, &handle).(AggregateFunction)
+	fn.Value(Context{db, pCtx})
+	if err := util.DelHandle(ctx, handle); err != nil {
+		Context{db, pCtx}.ResultError(err)
+	}
+}
+
+func callbackValue(ctx context.Context, mod api.Module, pCtx uint32) {
+	db := ctx.Value(connKey{}).(*Conn)
+	fn := callbackAggregate(db, pCtx, nil).(AggregateFunction)
+	fn.Value(Context{db, pCtx})
+}
+
+func callbackInverse(ctx context.Context, mod api.Module, pCtx, nArg, pArg uint32) {
+	db := ctx.Value(connKey{}).(*Conn)
+	fn := callbackAggregate(db, pCtx, nil).(WindowFunction)
+	fn.Inverse(Context{db, pCtx}, callbackArgs(db, nArg, pArg)...)
+}
+
+func callbackHandle(db *Conn, pCtx uint32) any {
+	pApp := uint32(db.call(db.api.userData, uint64(pCtx)))
+	return util.GetHandle(db.ctx, pApp)
+}
+
+func callbackAggregate(db *Conn, pCtx uint32, close *uint32) any {
+	// On close, we're getting rid of the handle.
+	// Don't allocate space to store it.
+	var size uint64
+	if close == nil {
+		size = ptrlen
+	}
+	ptr := uint32(db.call(db.api.aggregateCtx, uint64(pCtx), size))
+
+	// Try loading the handle, if we already have one, or want a new one.
+	if ptr != 0 || size != 0 {
+		if handle := util.ReadUint32(db.mod, ptr); handle != 0 {
+			fn := util.GetHandle(db.ctx, handle)
+			if close != nil {
+				*close = handle
+			}
+			if fn != nil {
+				return fn
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Create a new aggregate and store the handle.
+	fn := callbackHandle(db, pCtx).(func() AggregateFunction)()
+	if ptr != 0 {
+		util.WriteUint32(db.mod, ptr, util.AddHandle(db.ctx, fn))
+	}
+	return fn
+}
+
+func callbackArgs(db *Conn, nArg, pArg uint32) []Value {
+	args := make([]Value, nArg)
+	for i := range args {
+		args[i] = Value{
+			sqlite: db.sqlite,
+			handle: util.ReadUint32(db.mod, pArg+ptrlen*uint32(i)),
+		}
+	}
+	return args
+}

func_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+package sqlite3_test
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"fmt"
+	"log"
+	"regexp"
+
+	"golang.org/x/text/collate"
+	"golang.org/x/text/language"
+
+	"github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3"
+	_ "github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/embed"
+)
+
+func ExampleConn_CreateCollation() {
+	db, err := sqlite3.Open(":memory:")
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer db.Close()
+
+	err = db.Exec(`CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS words (word VARCHAR(10))`)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	err = db.Exec(`INSERT INTO words (word) VALUES ('côte'), ('cote'), ('coter'), ('coté'), ('cotée'), ('côté')`)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	err = db.CreateCollation("french", collate.New(language.French).Compare)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	stmt, _, err := db.Prepare(`SELECT word FROM words ORDER BY word COLLATE french`)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer stmt.Close()
+
+	for stmt.Step() {
+		fmt.Println(stmt.ColumnText(0))
+	}
+	if err := stmt.Err(); err != nil {
+		log.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	// Output:
+	// cote
+	// coté
+	// côte
+	// côté
+	// cotée
+	// coter
+}
+
+func ExampleConn_CreateFunction() {
+	db, err := sqlite3.Open(":memory:")
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer db.Close()
+
+	err = db.Exec(`CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS words (word VARCHAR(10))`)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	err = db.Exec(`INSERT INTO words (word) VALUES ('côte'), ('cote'), ('coter'), ('coté'), ('cotée'), ('côté')`)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	err = db.CreateFunction("upper", 1, sqlite3.DETERMINISTIC|sqlite3.INNOCUOUS, func(ctx sqlite3.Context, arg ...sqlite3.Value) {
+		ctx.ResultBlob(bytes.ToUpper(arg[0].RawBlob()))
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	stmt, _, err := db.Prepare(`SELECT upper(word) FROM words`)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer stmt.Close()
+
+	for stmt.Step() {
+		fmt.Println(stmt.ColumnText(0))
+	}
+	if err := stmt.Err(); err != nil {
+		log.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	// Unordered output:
+	// COTE
+	// COTÉ
+	// CÔTE
+	// CÔTÉ
+	// COTÉE
+	// COTER
+}
+
+func ExampleContext_SetAuxData() {
+	db, err := sqlite3.Open(":memory:")
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer db.Close()
+
+	err = db.Exec(`CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS words (word VARCHAR(10))`)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	err = db.Exec(`INSERT INTO words (word) VALUES ('côte'), ('cote'), ('coter'), ('coté'), ('cotée'), ('côté')`)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	err = db.CreateFunction("regexp", 2, sqlite3.DETERMINISTIC|sqlite3.INNOCUOUS, func(ctx sqlite3.Context, arg ...sqlite3.Value) {
+		re, ok := ctx.GetAuxData(0).(*regexp.Regexp)
+		if !ok {
+			r, err := regexp.Compile(arg[0].Text())
+			if err != nil {
+				ctx.ResultError(err)
+				return
+			}
+			ctx.SetAuxData(0, r)
+			re = r
+		}
+		ctx.ResultBool(re.Match(arg[1].RawBlob()))
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	stmt, _, err := db.Prepare(`SELECT word FROM words WHERE word REGEXP '^\p{L}+e$'`)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer stmt.Close()
+
+	for stmt.Step() {
+		fmt.Println(stmt.ColumnText(0))
+	}
+	if err := stmt.Err(); err != nil {
+		log.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	// Unordered output:
+	// cote
+	// côte
+	// cotée
+}

func_win_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+package sqlite3_test
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"log"
+	"unicode"
+
+	"github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3"
+	_ "github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/embed"
+)
+
+func ExampleConn_CreateWindowFunction() {
+	db, err := sqlite3.Open(":memory:")
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer db.Close()
+
+	err = db.Exec(`CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS words (word VARCHAR(10))`)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	err = db.Exec(`INSERT INTO words (word) VALUES ('côte'), ('cote'), ('coter'), ('coté'), ('cotée'), ('côté')`)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	err = db.CreateWindowFunction("count_ascii", 1, sqlite3.DETERMINISTIC|sqlite3.INNOCUOUS, newASCIICounter)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	stmt, _, err := db.Prepare(`SELECT count_ascii(word) OVER (ROWS BETWEEN 1 PRECEDING AND 1 FOLLOWING) FROM words`)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer stmt.Close()
+
+	for stmt.Step() {
+		fmt.Println(stmt.ColumnInt(0))
+	}
+	if err := stmt.Err(); err != nil {
+		log.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	// Output:
+	// 1
+	// 2
+	// 2
+	// 1
+	// 0
+	// 0
+}
+
+type countASCII struct{ result int }
+
+func newASCIICounter() sqlite3.AggregateFunction {
+	return &countASCII{}
+}
+
+func (f *countASCII) Value(ctx sqlite3.Context) {
+	ctx.ResultInt(f.result)
+}
+
+func (f *countASCII) Step(ctx sqlite3.Context, arg ...sqlite3.Value) {
+	if f.isASCII(arg[0]) {
+		f.result++
+	}
+}
+
+func (f *countASCII) Inverse(ctx sqlite3.Context, arg ...sqlite3.Value) {
+	if f.isASCII(arg[0]) {
+		f.result--
+	}
+}
+
+func (f *countASCII) isASCII(arg sqlite3.Value) bool {
+	if arg.Type() != sqlite3.TEXT {
+		return false
+	}
+	for _, c := range arg.RawBlob() {
+		if c > unicode.MaxASCII {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	return true
+}

go.mod

@@ -1,13 +1,14 @@
 module github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3
 
-go 1.19
+go 1.21
 
 require (
-	github.com/ncruces/julianday v0.1.5
+	github.com/ncruces/julianday v1.0.0
 	github.com/psanford/httpreadat v0.1.0
-	github.com/tetratelabs/wazero v1.2.0
-	golang.org/x/sync v0.2.0
-	golang.org/x/sys v0.8.0
+	github.com/tetratelabs/wazero v1.5.0
+	golang.org/x/sync v0.5.0
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.14.0
+	golang.org/x/text v0.14.0
 )
 
 retract v0.4.0 // tagged from the wrong branch

go.sum

@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
-github.com/ncruces/julianday v0.1.5 h1:hDJ9ejiMp3DHsoZ5KW4c1lwfMjbARS7u/gbYcd0FBZk=
-github.com/ncruces/julianday v0.1.5/go.mod h1:Dusn2KvZrrovOMJuOt0TNXL6tB7U2E8kvza5fFc9G7g=
+github.com/ncruces/julianday v1.0.0 h1:fH0OKwa7NWvniGQtxdJRxAgkBMolni2BjDHaWTxqt7M=
+github.com/ncruces/julianday v1.0.0/go.mod h1:Dusn2KvZrrovOMJuOt0TNXL6tB7U2E8kvza5fFc9G7g=
 github.com/psanford/httpreadat v0.1.0 h1:VleW1HS2zO7/4c7c7zNl33fO6oYACSagjJIyMIwZLUE=
 github.com/psanford/httpreadat v0.1.0/go.mod h1:Zg7P+TlBm3bYbyHTKv/EdtSJZn3qwbPwpfZ/I9GKCRE=
-github.com/tetratelabs/wazero v1.2.0 h1:I/8LMf4YkCZ3r2XaL9whhA0VMyAvF6QE+O7rco0DCeQ=
-github.com/tetratelabs/wazero v1.2.0/go.mod h1:wYx2gNRg8/WihJfSDxA1TIL8H+GkfLYm+bIfbblu9VQ=
-golang.org/x/sync v0.2.0 h1:PUR+T4wwASmuSTYdKjYHI5TD22Wy5ogLU5qZCOLxBrI=
-golang.org/x/sync v0.2.0/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.8.0 h1:EBmGv8NaZBZTWvrbjNoL6HVt+IVy3QDQpJs7VRIw3tU=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.8.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
+github.com/tetratelabs/wazero v1.5.0 h1:Yz3fZHivfDiZFUXnWMPUoiW7s8tC1sjdBtlJn08qYa0=
+github.com/tetratelabs/wazero v1.5.0/go.mod h1:0U0G41+ochRKoPKCJlh0jMg1CHkyfK8kDqiirMmKY8A=
+golang.org/x/sync v0.5.0 h1:60k92dhOjHxJkrqnwsfl8KuaHbn/5dl0lUPUklKo3qE=
+golang.org/x/sync v0.5.0/go.mod h1:Czt+wKu1gCyEFDUtn0jG5QVvpJ6rzVqr5aXyt9drQfk=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.14.0 h1:Vz7Qs629MkJkGyHxUlRHizWJRG2j8fbQKjELVSNhy7Q=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.14.0/go.mod h1:/VUhepiaJMQUp4+oa/7Zr1D23ma6VTLIYjOOTFZPUcA=
+golang.org/x/text v0.14.0 h1:ScX5w1eTa3QqT8oi6+ziP7dTV1S2+ALU0bI+0zXKWiQ=
+golang.org/x/text v0.14.0/go.mod h1:18ZOQIKpY8NJVqYksKHtTdi31H5itFRjB5/qKTNYzSU=

go.work

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+go 1.21
+
+use (
+	.
+	./gormlite
+)

go.work.sum

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3 v0.9.1/go.mod h1:jFoUbaCDNUS1KN5ZgFxN7bgcWoWfO0EOKeik9QAHZ08=
+golang.org/x/mod v0.8.0 h1:LUYupSeNrTNCGzR/hVBk2NHZO4hXcVaW1k4Qx7rjPx8=
+golang.org/x/mod v0.8.0/go.mod h1:iBbtSCu2XBx23ZKBPSOrRkjjQPZFPuis4dIYUhu/chs=
+golang.org/x/tools v0.6.0 h1:BOw41kyTf3PuCW1pVQf8+Cyg8pMlkYB1oo9iJ6D/lKM=
+golang.org/x/tools v0.6.0/go.mod h1:Xwgl3UAJ/d3gWutnCtw505GrjyAbvKui8lOU390QaIU=

gormlite/LICENSE

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+MIT License
+
+Copyright (c) 2023 Nuno Cruces
+Copyright (c) 2023 Jinzhu <wosmvp@gmail.com>
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.

gormlite/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+# GORM SQLite Driver
+
+[![Go Reference](https://pkg.go.dev/badge/image)](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/gormlite)
+
+## Usage
+
+```go
+import (
+	_ "github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/embed"
+	"github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/gormlite"
+	"gorm.io/gorm"
+)
+
+db, err := gorm.Open(gormlite.Open("gorm.db"), &gorm.Config{})
+```
+
+Checkout [https://gorm.io](https://gorm.io) for details.
+
+### Foreign-key constraint activation
+
+Foreign-key constraint is disabled by default in SQLite. To activate it, use connection URL parameter:
+```go
+db, err := gorm.Open(gormlite.Open(
+	"file:gorm.db?_pragma=busy_timeout(10000)&_pragma=foreign_keys(1)"),
+	&gorm.Config{})
+```

gormlite/ddlmod.go

@@ -0,0 +1,297 @@
+package gormlite
+
+import (
+	"database/sql"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"regexp"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+
+	"gorm.io/gorm/migrator"
+)
+
+var (
+	sqliteSeparator    = "`|\"|'|\t"
+	indexRegexp        = regexp.MustCompile(fmt.Sprintf(`(?is)CREATE(?: UNIQUE)? INDEX [%v]?[\w\d-]+[%v]? ON (.*)$`, sqliteSeparator, sqliteSeparator))
+	tableRegexp        = regexp.MustCompile(fmt.Sprintf(`(?is)(CREATE TABLE [%v]?[\w\d-]+[%v]?)(?:\s*\((.*)\))?`, sqliteSeparator, sqliteSeparator))
+	separatorRegexp    = regexp.MustCompile(fmt.Sprintf("[%v]", sqliteSeparator))
+	columnsRegexp      = regexp.MustCompile(fmt.Sprintf(`[(,][%v]?(\w+)[%v]?`, sqliteSeparator, sqliteSeparator))
+	columnRegexp       = regexp.MustCompile(fmt.Sprintf(`^[%v]?([\w\d]+)[%v]?\s+([\w\(\)\d]+)(.*)$`, sqliteSeparator, sqliteSeparator))
+	defaultValueRegexp = regexp.MustCompile(`(?i) DEFAULT \(?(.+)?\)?( |COLLATE|GENERATED|$)`)
+	regRealDataType    = regexp.MustCompile(`[^\d](\d+)[^\d]?`)
+)
+
+func getAllColumns(s string) []string {
+	allMatches := columnsRegexp.FindAllStringSubmatch(s, -1)
+	columns := make([]string, 0, len(allMatches))
+	for _, matches := range allMatches {
+		if len(matches) > 1 {
+			columns = append(columns, matches[1])
+		}
+	}
+	return columns
+}
+
+type ddl struct {
+	head    string
+	fields  []string
+	columns []migrator.ColumnType
+}
+
+func parseDDL(strs ...string) (*ddl, error) {
+	var result ddl
+	for _, str := range strs {
+		if sections := tableRegexp.FindStringSubmatch(str); len(sections) > 0 {
+			var (
+				ddlBody      = sections[2]
+				ddlBodyRunes = []rune(ddlBody)
+				bracketLevel int
+				quote        rune
+				buf          string
+			)
+			ddlBodyRunesLen := len(ddlBodyRunes)
+
+			result.head = sections[1]
+
+			for idx := 0; idx < ddlBodyRunesLen; idx++ {
+				var (
+					next rune = 0
+					c         = ddlBodyRunes[idx]
+				)
+				if idx+1 < ddlBodyRunesLen {
+					next = ddlBodyRunes[idx+1]
+				}
+
+				if sc := string(c); separatorRegexp.MatchString(sc) {
+					if c == next {
+						buf += sc // Skip escaped quote
+						idx++
+					} else if quote > 0 {
+						quote = 0
+					} else {
+						quote = c
+					}
+				} else if quote == 0 {
+					if c == '(' {
+						bracketLevel++
+					} else if c == ')' {
+						bracketLevel--
+					} else if bracketLevel == 0 {
+						if c == ',' {
+							result.fields = append(result.fields, strings.TrimSpace(buf))
+							buf = ""
+							continue
+						}
+					}
+				}
+
+				if bracketLevel < 0 {
+					return nil, errors.New("invalid DDL, unbalanced brackets")
+				}
+
+				buf += string(c)
+			}
+
+			if bracketLevel != 0 {
+				return nil, errors.New("invalid DDL, unbalanced brackets")
+			}
+
+			if buf != "" {
+				result.fields = append(result.fields, strings.TrimSpace(buf))
+			}
+
+			for _, f := range result.fields {
+				fUpper := strings.ToUpper(f)
+				if strings.HasPrefix(fUpper, "CHECK") ||
+					strings.HasPrefix(fUpper, "CONSTRAINT") {
+					continue
+				}
+
+				if strings.HasPrefix(fUpper, "PRIMARY KEY") {
+					for _, name := range getAllColumns(f) {
+						for idx, column := range result.columns {
+							if column.NameValue.String == name {
+								column.PrimaryKeyValue = sql.NullBool{Bool: true, Valid: true}
+								result.columns[idx] = column
+								break
+							}
+						}
+					}
+				} else if matches := columnRegexp.FindStringSubmatch(f); len(matches) > 0 {
+					columnType := migrator.ColumnType{
+						NameValue:         sql.NullString{String: matches[1], Valid: true},
+						DataTypeValue:     sql.NullString{String: matches[2], Valid: true},
+						ColumnTypeValue:   sql.NullString{String: matches[2], Valid: true},
+						PrimaryKeyValue:   sql.NullBool{Valid: true},
+						UniqueValue:       sql.NullBool{Valid: true},
+						NullableValue:     sql.NullBool{Bool: true, Valid: true},
+						DefaultValueValue: sql.NullString{Valid: false},
+					}
+
+					matchUpper := strings.ToUpper(matches[3])
+					if strings.Contains(matchUpper, " NOT NULL") {
+						columnType.NullableValue = sql.NullBool{Bool: false, Valid: true}
+					} else if strings.Contains(matchUpper, " NULL") {
+						columnType.NullableValue = sql.NullBool{Bool: true, Valid: true}
+					}
+					if strings.Contains(matchUpper, " UNIQUE") {
+						columnType.UniqueValue = sql.NullBool{Bool: true, Valid: true}
+					}
+					if strings.Contains(matchUpper, " PRIMARY") {
+						columnType.PrimaryKeyValue = sql.NullBool{Bool: true, Valid: true}
+					}
+					if defaultMatches := defaultValueRegexp.FindStringSubmatch(matches[3]); len(defaultMatches) > 1 {
+						if strings.ToLower(defaultMatches[1]) != "null" {
+							columnType.DefaultValueValue = sql.NullString{String: strings.Trim(defaultMatches[1], `"`), Valid: true}
+						}
+					}
+
+					// data type length
+					matches := regRealDataType.FindAllStringSubmatch(columnType.DataTypeValue.String, -1)
+					if len(matches) == 1 && len(matches[0]) == 2 {
+						size, _ := strconv.Atoi(matches[0][1])
+						columnType.LengthValue = sql.NullInt64{Valid: true, Int64: int64(size)}
+						columnType.DataTypeValue.String = strings.TrimSuffix(columnType.DataTypeValue.String, matches[0][0])
+					}
+
+					result.columns = append(result.columns, columnType)
+				}
+			}
+		} else if matches := indexRegexp.FindStringSubmatch(str); len(matches) > 0 {
+			for _, column := range getAllColumns(matches[1]) {
+				for idx, c := range result.columns {
+					if c.NameValue.String == column {
+						c.UniqueValue = sql.NullBool{Bool: strings.ToUpper(strings.Fields(str)[1]) == "UNIQUE", Valid: true}
+						result.columns[idx] = c
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		} else {
+			return nil, errors.New("invalid DDL")
+		}
+	}
+
+	return &result, nil
+}
+
+func (d *ddl) clone() *ddl {
+	copied := new(ddl)
+	*copied = *d
+
+	copied.fields = make([]string, len(d.fields))
+	copy(copied.fields, d.fields)
+	copied.columns = make([]migrator.ColumnType, len(d.columns))
+	copy(copied.columns, d.columns)
+
+	return copied
+}
+
+func (d *ddl) compile() string {
+	if len(d.fields) == 0 {
+		return d.head
+	}
+
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%s (%s)", d.head, strings.Join(d.fields, ","))
+}
+
+func (d *ddl) renameTable(dst, src string) error {
+	tableReg, err := regexp.Compile("\\s*('|`|\")?\\b" + regexp.QuoteMeta(src) + "\\b('|`|\")?\\s*")
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	replaced := tableReg.ReplaceAllString(d.head, fmt.Sprintf(" `%s` ", dst))
+	if replaced == d.head {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to look up tablename `%s` from DDL head '%s'", src, d.head)
+	}
+
+	d.head = replaced
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (d *ddl) addConstraint(name string, sql string) {
+	reg := regexp.MustCompile("^CONSTRAINT [\"`]?" + regexp.QuoteMeta(name) + "[\"` ]")
+
+	for i := 0; i < len(d.fields); i++ {
+		if reg.MatchString(d.fields[i]) {
+			d.fields[i] = sql
+			return
+		}
+	}
+
+	d.fields = append(d.fields, sql)
+}
+
+func (d *ddl) removeConstraint(name string) bool {
+	reg := regexp.MustCompile("^CONSTRAINT [\"`]?" + regexp.QuoteMeta(name) + "[\"` ]")
+
+	for i := 0; i < len(d.fields); i++ {
+		if reg.MatchString(d.fields[i]) {
+			d.fields = append(d.fields[:i], d.fields[i+1:]...)
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+//lint:ignore U1000 ignore unused code.
+func (d *ddl) hasConstraint(name string) bool {
+	reg := regexp.MustCompile("^CONSTRAINT [\"`]?" + regexp.QuoteMeta(name) + "[\"` ]")
+
+	for _, f := range d.fields {
+		if reg.MatchString(f) {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func (d *ddl) getColumns() []string {
+	res := []string{}
+
+	for _, f := range d.fields {
+		fUpper := strings.ToUpper(f)
+		if strings.HasPrefix(fUpper, "PRIMARY KEY") ||
+			strings.HasPrefix(fUpper, "CHECK") ||
+			strings.HasPrefix(fUpper, "CONSTRAINT") ||
+			strings.Contains(fUpper, "GENERATED ALWAYS AS") {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		reg := regexp.MustCompile("^[\"`']?([\\w\\d]+)[\"`']?")
+		match := reg.FindStringSubmatch(f)
+
+		if match != nil {
+			res = append(res, "`"+match[1]+"`")
+		}
+	}
+	return res
+}
+
+func (d *ddl) alterColumn(name, sql string) bool {
+	reg := regexp.MustCompile("^(`|'|\"| )" + regexp.QuoteMeta(name) + "(`|'|\"| ) .*?$")
+
+	for i := 0; i < len(d.fields); i++ {
+		if reg.MatchString(d.fields[i]) {
+			d.fields[i] = sql
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+
+	d.fields = append(d.fields, sql)
+	return true
+}
+
+func (d *ddl) removeColumn(name string) bool {
+	reg := regexp.MustCompile("^(`|'|\"| )" + regexp.QuoteMeta(name) + "(`|'|\"| ) .*?$")
+
+	for i := 0; i < len(d.fields); i++ {
+		if reg.MatchString(d.fields[i]) {
+			d.fields = append(d.fields[:i], d.fields[i+1:]...)
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+
+	return false
+}

gormlite/ddlmod_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,352 @@
+package gormlite
+
+import (
+	"database/sql"
+	"testing"
+
+	"gorm.io/gorm/migrator"
+	"gorm.io/gorm/utils/tests"
+)
+
+func TestParseDDL(t *testing.T) {
+	params := []struct {
+		name    string
+		sql     []string
+		nFields int
+		columns []migrator.ColumnType
+	}{
+		{"with_fk", []string{
+			"CREATE TABLE `notes` (`id` integer NOT NULL,`text` varchar(500) DEFAULT \"hello\",`age` integer DEFAULT 18,`user_id` integer,PRIMARY KEY (`id`),CONSTRAINT `fk_users_notes` FOREIGN KEY (`user_id`) REFERENCES `users`(`id`))",
+			"CREATE UNIQUE INDEX `idx_profiles_refer` ON `profiles`(`text`)",
+		}, 6, []migrator.ColumnType{
+			{NameValue: sql.NullString{String: "id", Valid: true}, DataTypeValue: sql.NullString{String: "integer", Valid: true}, ColumnTypeValue: sql.NullString{String: "integer", Valid: true}, PrimaryKeyValue: sql.NullBool{Bool: true, Valid: true}, NullableValue: sql.NullBool{Valid: true}, UniqueValue: sql.NullBool{Valid: true}, DefaultValueValue: sql.NullString{Valid: false}},
+			{NameValue: sql.NullString{String: "text", Valid: true}, DataTypeValue: sql.NullString{String: "varchar", Valid: true}, LengthValue: sql.NullInt64{Int64: 500, Valid: true}, ColumnTypeValue: sql.NullString{String: "varchar(500)", Valid: true}, DefaultValueValue: sql.NullString{String: "hello", Valid: true}, NullableValue: sql.NullBool{Bool: true, Valid: true}, UniqueValue: sql.NullBool{Bool: true, Valid: true}, PrimaryKeyValue: sql.NullBool{Valid: true}},
+			{NameValue: sql.NullString{String: "age", Valid: true}, DataTypeValue: sql.NullString{String: "integer", Valid: true}, ColumnTypeValue: sql.NullString{String: "integer", Valid: true}, DefaultValueValue: sql.NullString{String: "18", Valid: true}, NullableValue: sql.NullBool{Bool: true, Valid: true}, UniqueValue: sql.NullBool{Valid: true}, PrimaryKeyValue: sql.NullBool{Valid: true}},
+			{NameValue: sql.NullString{String: "user_id", Valid: true}, DataTypeValue: sql.NullString{String: "integer", Valid: true}, ColumnTypeValue: sql.NullString{String: "integer", Valid: true}, DefaultValueValue: sql.NullString{Valid: false}, NullableValue: sql.NullBool{Bool: true, Valid: true}, UniqueValue: sql.NullBool{Valid: true}, PrimaryKeyValue: sql.NullBool{Valid: true}},
+		},
+		},
+		{"with_check", []string{"CREATE TABLE Persons (ID int NOT NULL,LastName varchar(255) NOT NULL,FirstName varchar(255),Age int,CHECK (Age>=18),CHECK (FirstName<>'John'))"}, 6, []migrator.ColumnType{
+			{NameValue: sql.NullString{String: "ID", Valid: true}, DataTypeValue: sql.NullString{String: "int", Valid: true}, ColumnTypeValue: sql.NullString{String: "int", Valid: true}, NullableValue: sql.NullBool{Valid: true}, DefaultValueValue: sql.NullString{Valid: false}, UniqueValue: sql.NullBool{Valid: true}, PrimaryKeyValue: sql.NullBool{Valid: true}},
+			{NameValue: sql.NullString{String: "LastName", Valid: true}, DataTypeValue: sql.NullString{String: "varchar", Valid: true}, LengthValue: sql.NullInt64{Int64: 255, Valid: true}, ColumnTypeValue: sql.NullString{String: "varchar(255)", Valid: true}, NullableValue: sql.NullBool{Bool: false, Valid: true}, DefaultValueValue: sql.NullString{Valid: false}, UniqueValue: sql.NullBool{Valid: true}, PrimaryKeyValue: sql.NullBool{Valid: true}},
+			{NameValue: sql.NullString{String: "FirstName", Valid: true}, DataTypeValue: sql.NullString{String: "varchar", Valid: true}, LengthValue: sql.NullInt64{Int64: 255, Valid: true}, ColumnTypeValue: sql.NullString{String: "varchar(255)", Valid: true}, DefaultValueValue: sql.NullString{Valid: false}, NullableValue: sql.NullBool{Bool: true, Valid: true}, UniqueValue: sql.NullBool{Valid: true}, PrimaryKeyValue: sql.NullBool{Valid: true}},
+			{NameValue: sql.NullString{String: "Age", Valid: true}, DataTypeValue: sql.NullString{String: "int", Valid: true}, ColumnTypeValue: sql.NullString{String: "int", Valid: true}, DefaultValueValue: sql.NullString{Valid: false}, NullableValue: sql.NullBool{Bool: true, Valid: true}, UniqueValue: sql.NullBool{Valid: true}, PrimaryKeyValue: sql.NullBool{Valid: true}},
+		}},
+		{"lowercase", []string{"create table test (ID int NOT NULL)"}, 1, []migrator.ColumnType{
+			{NameValue: sql.NullString{String: "ID", Valid: true}, DataTypeValue: sql.NullString{String: "int", Valid: true}, ColumnTypeValue: sql.NullString{String: "int", Valid: true}, NullableValue: sql.NullBool{Bool: false, Valid: true}, DefaultValueValue: sql.NullString{Valid: false}, UniqueValue: sql.NullBool{Valid: true}, PrimaryKeyValue: sql.NullBool{Valid: true}},
+		},
+		},
+		{"no brackets", []string{"create table test"}, 0, nil},
+		{"with_special_characters", []string{
+			"CREATE TABLE `test` (`text` varchar(10) DEFAULT \"测试, \")",
+		}, 1, []migrator.ColumnType{
+			{NameValue: sql.NullString{String: "text", Valid: true}, DataTypeValue: sql.NullString{String: "varchar", Valid: true}, LengthValue: sql.NullInt64{Int64: 10, Valid: true}, ColumnTypeValue: sql.NullString{String: "varchar(10)", Valid: true}, DefaultValueValue: sql.NullString{String: "测试, ", Valid: true}, NullableValue: sql.NullBool{Bool: true, Valid: true}, UniqueValue: sql.NullBool{Valid: true}, PrimaryKeyValue: sql.NullBool{Valid: true}},
+		},
+		},
+		{
+			"table_name_with_dash",
+			[]string{
+				"CREATE TABLE `test-a` (`id` int NOT NULL)",
+				"CREATE UNIQUE INDEX `idx_test-a_id` ON `test-a`(`id`)",
+			},
+			1,
+			[]migrator.ColumnType{
+				{
+					NameValue:         sql.NullString{String: "id", Valid: true},
+					DataTypeValue:     sql.NullString{String: "int", Valid: true},
+					ColumnTypeValue:   sql.NullString{String: "int", Valid: true},
+					NullableValue:     sql.NullBool{Bool: false, Valid: true},
+					DefaultValueValue: sql.NullString{Valid: false},
+					UniqueValue:       sql.NullBool{Bool: true, Valid: true},
+					PrimaryKeyValue:   sql.NullBool{Valid: true},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			"unique index",
+			[]string{
+				"CREATE TABLE `test-b` (`field` integer NOT NULL)",
+				"CREATE UNIQUE INDEX `idx_uq` ON `test-b`(`field`) WHERE field = 0",
+			},
+			1,
+			[]migrator.ColumnType{
+				{
+					NameValue:       sql.NullString{String: "field", Valid: true},
+					DataTypeValue:   sql.NullString{String: "integer", Valid: true},
+					ColumnTypeValue: sql.NullString{String: "integer", Valid: true},
+					PrimaryKeyValue: sql.NullBool{Bool: false, Valid: true},
+					UniqueValue:     sql.NullBool{Bool: true, Valid: true},
+					NullableValue:   sql.NullBool{Bool: false, Valid: true},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			"non-unique index",
+			[]string{
+				"CREATE TABLE `test-c` (`field` integer NOT NULL)",
+				"CREATE INDEX `idx_uq` ON `test-b`(`field`) WHERE field = 0",
+			},
+			1,
+			[]migrator.ColumnType{
+				{
+					NameValue:       sql.NullString{String: "field", Valid: true},
+					DataTypeValue:   sql.NullString{String: "integer", Valid: true},
+					ColumnTypeValue: sql.NullString{String: "integer", Valid: true},
+					PrimaryKeyValue: sql.NullBool{Bool: false, Valid: true},
+					UniqueValue:     sql.NullBool{Bool: false, Valid: true},
+					NullableValue:   sql.NullBool{Bool: false, Valid: true},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, p := range params {
+		t.Run(p.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			ddl, err := parseDDL(p.sql...)
+
+			if err != nil {
+				panic(err.Error())
+			}
+
+			tests.AssertEqual(t, p.sql[0], ddl.compile())
+			if len(ddl.fields) != p.nFields {
+				t.Fatalf("fields length doesn't match: expect: %v, got %v", p.nFields, len(ddl.fields))
+			}
+			tests.AssertEqual(t, ddl.columns, p.columns)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestParseDDL_Whitespaces(t *testing.T) {
+	testColumns := []migrator.ColumnType{
+		{
+			NameValue:         sql.NullString{String: "id", Valid: true},
+			DataTypeValue:     sql.NullString{String: "integer", Valid: true},
+			ColumnTypeValue:   sql.NullString{String: "integer", Valid: true},
+			NullableValue:     sql.NullBool{Bool: true, Valid: true},
+			DefaultValueValue: sql.NullString{Valid: false},
+			UniqueValue:       sql.NullBool{Bool: true, Valid: true},
+			PrimaryKeyValue:   sql.NullBool{Bool: true, Valid: true},
+		},
+		{
+			NameValue:         sql.NullString{String: "dark_mode", Valid: true},
+			DataTypeValue:     sql.NullString{String: "numeric", Valid: true},
+			ColumnTypeValue:   sql.NullString{String: "numeric", Valid: true},
+			NullableValue:     sql.NullBool{Bool: true, Valid: true},
+			DefaultValueValue: sql.NullString{String: "true", Valid: true},
+			UniqueValue:       sql.NullBool{Bool: false, Valid: true},
+			PrimaryKeyValue:   sql.NullBool{Bool: false, Valid: true},
+		},
+	}
+
+	params := []struct {
+		name    string
+		sql     []string
+		nFields int
+		columns []migrator.ColumnType
+	}{
+		{
+			"with_newline",
+			[]string{"CREATE TABLE `users`\n(\nid integer primary key unique,\ndark_mode numeric DEFAULT true)"},
+			2,
+			testColumns,
+		},
+		{
+			"with_newline_2",
+			[]string{"CREATE TABLE `users` (\n\nid integer primary key unique,\ndark_mode numeric DEFAULT true)"},
+			2,
+			testColumns,
+		},
+		{
+			"with_missing_space",
+			[]string{"CREATE TABLE `users`(id integer primary key unique, dark_mode numeric DEFAULT true)"},
+			2,
+			testColumns,
+		},
+		{
+			"with_many_spaces",
+			[]string{"CREATE TABLE `users`       (id    integer   primary key unique,     dark_mode    numeric DEFAULT true)"},
+			2,
+			testColumns,
+		},
+	}
+	for _, p := range params {
+		t.Run(p.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			ddl, err := parseDDL(p.sql...)
+
+			if err != nil {
+				panic(err.Error())
+			}
+
+			if len(ddl.fields) != p.nFields {
+				t.Fatalf("fields length doesn't match: expect: %v, got %v", p.nFields, len(ddl.fields))
+			}
+			tests.AssertEqual(t, ddl.columns, p.columns)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestParseDDL_error(t *testing.T) {
+	params := []struct {
+		name string
+		sql  string
+	}{
+		{"invalid_cmd", "CREATE TABLE"},
+		{"unbalanced_brackets", "CREATE TABLE test (ID int NOT NULL,Name varchar(255)"},
+		{"unbalanced_brackets2", "CREATE TABLE test (ID int NOT NULL,Name varchar(255)))"},
+	}
+
+	for _, p := range params {
+		t.Run(p.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			_, err := parseDDL(p.sql)
+			if err == nil {
+				t.Fail()
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAddConstraint(t *testing.T) {
+	params := []struct {
+		name   string
+		fields []string
+		cName  string
+		sql    string
+		expect []string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:   "add_new",
+			fields: []string{"`id` integer NOT NULL"},
+			cName:  "fk_users_notes",
+			sql:    "CONSTRAINT `fk_users_notes` FOREIGN KEY (`user_id`) REFERENCES `users`(`id`))",
+			expect: []string{"`id` integer NOT NULL", "CONSTRAINT `fk_users_notes` FOREIGN KEY (`user_id`) REFERENCES `users`(`id`))"},
+		},
+		{
+			name:   "update",
+			fields: []string{"`id` integer NOT NULL", "CONSTRAINT `fk_users_notes` FOREIGN KEY (`user_id`) REFERENCES `users`(`id`))"},
+			cName:  "fk_users_notes",
+			sql:    "CONSTRAINT `fk_users_notes` FOREIGN KEY (`user_id`) REFERENCES `users`(`id`)) ON UPDATE CASCADE ON DELETE CASCADE",
+			expect: []string{"`id` integer NOT NULL", "CONSTRAINT `fk_users_notes` FOREIGN KEY (`user_id`) REFERENCES `users`(`id`)) ON UPDATE CASCADE ON DELETE CASCADE"},
+		},
+		{
+			name:   "add_check",
+			fields: []string{"`id` integer NOT NULL"},
+			cName:  "name_checker",
+			sql:    "CONSTRAINT `name_checker` CHECK (`name` <> 'jinzhu')",
+			expect: []string{"`id` integer NOT NULL", "CONSTRAINT `name_checker` CHECK (`name` <> 'jinzhu')"},
+		},
+		{
+			name:   "update_check",
+			fields: []string{"`id` integer NOT NULL", "CONSTRAINT `name_checker` CHECK (`name` <> 'thetadev')"},
+			cName:  "name_checker",
+			sql:    "CONSTRAINT `name_checker` CHECK (`name` <> 'jinzhu')",
+			expect: []string{"`id` integer NOT NULL", "CONSTRAINT `name_checker` CHECK (`name` <> 'jinzhu')"},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, p := range params {
+		t.Run(p.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			testDDL := ddl{fields: p.fields}
+
+			testDDL.addConstraint(p.cName, p.sql)
+			tests.AssertEqual(t, p.expect, testDDL.fields)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRemoveConstraint(t *testing.T) {
+	params := []struct {
+		name    string
+		fields  []string
+		cName   string
+		success bool
+		expect  []string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:    "fk",
+			fields:  []string{"`id` integer NOT NULL", "CONSTRAINT `fk_users_notes` FOREIGN KEY (`user_id`) REFERENCES `users`(`id`))"},
+			cName:   "fk_users_notes",
+			success: true,
+			expect:  []string{"`id` integer NOT NULL"},
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "check",
+			fields:  []string{"CONSTRAINT `name_checker` CHECK (`name` <> 'thetadev')", "`id` integer NOT NULL"},
+			cName:   "name_checker",
+			success: true,
+			expect:  []string{"`id` integer NOT NULL"},
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "none",
+			fields:  []string{"CONSTRAINT `name_checker` CHECK (`name` <> 'thetadev')", "`id` integer NOT NULL"},
+			cName:   "nothing",
+			success: false,
+			expect:  []string{"CONSTRAINT `name_checker` CHECK (`name` <> 'thetadev')", "`id` integer NOT NULL"},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, p := range params {
+		t.Run(p.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			testDDL := ddl{fields: p.fields}
+
+			success := testDDL.removeConstraint(p.cName)
+
+			tests.AssertEqual(t, p.success, success)
+			tests.AssertEqual(t, p.expect, testDDL.fields)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestGetColumns(t *testing.T) {
+	params := []struct {
+		name    string
+		ddl     string
+		columns []string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:    "with_fk",
+			ddl:     "CREATE TABLE `notes` (`id` integer NOT NULL,`text` varchar(500),`user_id` integer,PRIMARY KEY (`id`),CONSTRAINT `fk_users_notes` FOREIGN KEY (`user_id`) REFERENCES `users`(`id`))",
+			columns: []string{"`id`", "`text`", "`user_id`"},
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "with_check",
+			ddl:     "CREATE TABLE Persons (ID int NOT NULL,LastName varchar(255) NOT NULL,FirstName varchar(255),Age int,CHECK (Age>=18),CHECK (FirstName!='John'))",
+			columns: []string{"`ID`", "`LastName`", "`FirstName`", "`Age`"},
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "with_escaped_quote",
+			ddl:     "CREATE TABLE Persons (ID int NOT NULL,LastName varchar(255) NOT NULL DEFAULT \"\",FirstName varchar(255))",
+			columns: []string{"`ID`", "`LastName`", "`FirstName`"},
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "with_generated_column",
+			ddl:     "CREATE TABLE Persons (ID int NOT NULL,LastName varchar(255) NOT NULL,FirstName varchar(255),FullName varchar(255) GENERATED ALWAYS AS (FirstName || ' ' || LastName))",
+			columns: []string{"`ID`", "`LastName`", "`FirstName`"},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "with_new_line",
+			ddl: `CREATE TABLE "tb_sys_role_menu__temp" (
+  "id" integer  PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
+  "created_at" datetime NOT NULL,
+  "updated_at" datetime NOT NULL,
+  "created_by" integer NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+  "updated_by" integer NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+  "role_id" integer NOT NULL,
+  "menu_id" bigint NOT NULL
+)`,
+			columns: []string{"`id`", "`created_at`", "`updated_at`", "`created_by`", "`updated_by`", "`role_id`", "`menu_id`"},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, p := range params {
+		t.Run(p.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			testDDL, err := parseDDL(p.ddl)
+			if err != nil {
+				panic(err.Error())
+			}
+
+			cols := testDDL.getColumns()
+
+			tests.AssertEqual(t, p.columns, cols)
+		})
+	}
+}

gormlite/download.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -euo pipefail
+
+cd -P -- "$(dirname -- "$0")"
+
+curl -#OL "https://github.com/go-gorm/sqlite/raw/master/ddlmod.go"
+curl -#OL "https://github.com/go-gorm/sqlite/raw/master/ddlmod_test.go"
+curl -#OL "https://github.com/go-gorm/sqlite/raw/master/error_translator.go"
+curl -#OL "https://github.com/go-gorm/sqlite/raw/master/migrator.go"
+curl -#OL "https://github.com/go-gorm/sqlite/raw/master/sqlite.go"
+curl -#OL "https://github.com/go-gorm/sqlite/raw/master/sqlite_test.go"

gormlite/error_translator.go

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+package gormlite
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+
+	"github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3"
+	"gorm.io/gorm"
+)
+
+func (_Dialector) Translate(err error) error {
+	switch {
+	case
+		errors.Is(err, sqlite3.CONSTRAINT_UNIQUE),
+		errors.Is(err, sqlite3.CONSTRAINT_PRIMARYKEY):
+		return gorm.ErrDuplicatedKey
+	case
+		errors.Is(err, sqlite3.CONSTRAINT_FOREIGNKEY):
+		return gorm.ErrForeignKeyViolated
+	}
+	return err
+}

gormlite/go.mod

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+module github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/gormlite
+
+go 1.21
+
+require (
+	github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3 v0.9.1
+	gorm.io/gorm v1.25.5
+)
+
+require (
+	github.com/jinzhu/inflection v1.0.0 // indirect
+	github.com/jinzhu/now v1.1.5 // indirect
+	github.com/ncruces/julianday v0.1.5 // indirect
+	github.com/tetratelabs/wazero v1.5.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.13.0 // indirect
+)

gormlite/go.sum

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+github.com/jinzhu/inflection v1.0.0 h1:K317FqzuhWc8YvSVlFMCCUb36O/S9MCKRDI7QkRKD/E=
+github.com/jinzhu/inflection v1.0.0/go.mod h1:h+uFLlag+Qp1Va5pdKtLDYj+kHp5pxUVkryuEj+Srlc=
+github.com/jinzhu/now v1.1.5 h1:/o9tlHleP7gOFmsnYNz3RGnqzefHA47wQpKrrdTIwXQ=
+github.com/jinzhu/now v1.1.5/go.mod h1:d3SSVoowX0Lcu0IBviAWJpolVfI5UJVZZ7cO71lE/z8=
+github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3 v0.9.1 h1:kV7Zy+ZNyHMfMyZeWc1Yyq+wtgYZDZdp2qAA/wfeMWo=
+github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3 v0.9.1/go.mod h1:jFoUbaCDNUS1KN5ZgFxN7bgcWoWfO0EOKeik9QAHZ08=
+github.com/ncruces/julianday v0.1.5 h1:hDJ9ejiMp3DHsoZ5KW4c1lwfMjbARS7u/gbYcd0FBZk=
+github.com/ncruces/julianday v0.1.5/go.mod h1:Dusn2KvZrrovOMJuOt0TNXL6tB7U2E8kvza5fFc9G7g=
+github.com/tetratelabs/wazero v1.5.0 h1:Yz3fZHivfDiZFUXnWMPUoiW7s8tC1sjdBtlJn08qYa0=
+github.com/tetratelabs/wazero v1.5.0/go.mod h1:0U0G41+ochRKoPKCJlh0jMg1CHkyfK8kDqiirMmKY8A=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.13.0 h1:Af8nKPmuFypiUBjVoU9V20FiaFXOcuZI21p0ycVYYGE=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.13.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
+golang.org/x/text v0.13.0 h1:ablQoSUd0tRdKxZewP80B+BaqeKJuVhuRxj/dkrun3k=
+golang.org/x/text v0.13.0/go.mod h1:TvPlkZtksWOMsz7fbANvkp4WM8x/WCo/om8BMLbz+aE=
+gorm.io/gorm v1.25.5 h1:zR9lOiiYf09VNh5Q1gphfyia1JpiClIWG9hQaxB/mls=
+gorm.io/gorm v1.25.5/go.mod h1:hbnx/Oo0ChWMn1BIhpy1oYozzpM15i4YPuHDmfYtwg8=

gormlite/migrator.go

@@ -0,0 +1,406 @@
+package gormlite
+
+import (
+	"database/sql"
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+
+	"gorm.io/gorm"
+	"gorm.io/gorm/clause"
+	"gorm.io/gorm/migrator"
+	"gorm.io/gorm/schema"
+)
+
+type _Migrator struct {
+	migrator.Migrator
+}
+
+func (m *_Migrator) RunWithoutForeignKey(fc func() error) error {
+	var enabled int
+	m.DB.Raw("PRAGMA foreign_keys").Scan(&enabled)
+	if enabled == 1 {
+		m.DB.Exec("PRAGMA foreign_keys = OFF")
+		defer m.DB.Exec("PRAGMA foreign_keys = ON")
+	}
+
+	return fc()
+}
+
+func (m _Migrator) HasTable(value interface{}) bool {
+	var count int
+	m.Migrator.RunWithValue(value, func(stmt *gorm.Statement) error {
+		return m.DB.Raw("SELECT count(*) FROM sqlite_master WHERE type='table' AND name=?", stmt.Table).Row().Scan(&count)
+	})
+	return count > 0
+}
+
+func (m _Migrator) DropTable(values ...interface{}) error {
+	return m.RunWithoutForeignKey(func() error {
+		values = m.ReorderModels(values, false)
+		tx := m.DB.Session(&gorm.Session{})
+
+		for i := len(values) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
+			if err := m.RunWithValue(values[i], func(stmt *gorm.Statement) error {
+				return tx.Exec("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS ?", clause.Table{Name: stmt.Table}).Error
+			}); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		}
+
+		return nil
+	})
+}
+
+func (m _Migrator) GetTables() (tableList []string, err error) {
+	return tableList, m.DB.Raw("SELECT name FROM sqlite_master where type=?", "table").Scan(&tableList).Error
+}
+
+func (m _Migrator) HasColumn(value interface{}, name string) bool {
+	var count int
+	m.Migrator.RunWithValue(value, func(stmt *gorm.Statement) error {
+		if stmt.Schema != nil {
+			if field := stmt.Schema.LookUpField(name); field != nil {
+				name = field.DBName
+			}
+		}
+
+		if name != "" {
+			m.DB.Raw(
+				"SELECT count(*) FROM sqlite_master WHERE type = ? AND tbl_name = ? AND (sql LIKE ? OR sql LIKE ? OR sql LIKE ? OR sql LIKE ? OR sql LIKE ?)",
+				"table", stmt.Table, `%"`+name+`" %`, `%`+name+` %`, "%`"+name+"`%", "%["+name+"]%", "%\t"+name+"\t%",
+			).Row().Scan(&count)
+		}
+		return nil
+	})
+	return count > 0
+}
+
+func (m _Migrator) AlterColumn(value interface{}, name string) error {
+	return m.RunWithoutForeignKey(func() error {
+		return m.recreateTable(value, nil, func(ddl *ddl, stmt *gorm.Statement) (*ddl, []interface{}, error) {
+			if field := stmt.Schema.LookUpField(name); field != nil {
+				if ddl.alterColumn(field.DBName, fmt.Sprintf("`%s` ?", field.DBName)) {
+					return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("field `%s` not found in origin ddl, ddl= '%s'", name, ddl.compile())
+				}
+
+				return ddl, []interface{}{m.FullDataTypeOf(field)}, nil
+			}
+
+			return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to alter field with name `%s`", name)
+		})
+	})
+}
+
+// ColumnTypes return columnTypes []gorm.ColumnType and execErr error
+func (m _Migrator) ColumnTypes(value interface{}) ([]gorm.ColumnType, error) {
+	columnTypes := make([]gorm.ColumnType, 0)
+	execErr := m.RunWithValue(value, func(stmt *gorm.Statement) (err error) {
+		var (
+			sqls   []string
+			sqlDDL *ddl
+		)
+
+		if err := m.DB.Raw("SELECT sql FROM sqlite_master WHERE type IN ? AND tbl_name = ? AND sql IS NOT NULL order by type = ? desc", []string{"table", "index"}, stmt.Table, "table").Scan(&sqls).Error; err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		if sqlDDL, err = parseDDL(sqls...); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		rows, err := m.DB.Session(&gorm.Session{}).Table(stmt.Table).Limit(1).Rows()
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		defer func() {
+			err = rows.Close()
+		}()
+
+		var rawColumnTypes []*sql.ColumnType
+		rawColumnTypes, err = rows.ColumnTypes()
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		for _, c := range rawColumnTypes {
+			columnType := migrator.ColumnType{SQLColumnType: c}
+			for _, column := range sqlDDL.columns {
+				if column.NameValue.String == c.Name() {
+					column.SQLColumnType = c
+					columnType = column
+					break
+				}
+			}
+			columnTypes = append(columnTypes, columnType)
+		}
+
+		return err
+	})
+
+	return columnTypes, execErr
+}
+
+func (m _Migrator) DropColumn(value interface{}, name string) error {
+	return m.recreateTable(value, nil, func(ddl *ddl, stmt *gorm.Statement) (*ddl, []interface{}, error) {
+		if field := stmt.Schema.LookUpField(name); field != nil {
+			name = field.DBName
+		}
+
+		ddl.removeColumn(name)
+		return ddl, nil, nil
+	})
+}
+
+func (m _Migrator) CreateConstraint(value interface{}, name string) error {
+	return m.RunWithValue(value, func(stmt *gorm.Statement) error {
+		constraint, chk, table := m.GuessConstraintAndTable(stmt, name)
+
+		return m.recreateTable(value, &table,
+			func(ddl *ddl, stmt *gorm.Statement) (*ddl, []interface{}, error) {
+				var (
+					constraintName   string
+					constraintSql    string
+					constraintValues []interface{}
+				)
+
+				if constraint != nil {
+					constraintName = constraint.Name
+					constraintSql, constraintValues = buildConstraint(constraint)
+				} else if chk != nil {
+					constraintName = chk.Name
+					constraintSql = "CONSTRAINT ? CHECK (?)"
+					constraintValues = []interface{}{clause.Column{Name: chk.Name}, clause.Expr{SQL: chk.Constraint}}
+				} else {
+					return nil, nil, nil
+				}
+
+				ddl.addConstraint(constraintName, constraintSql)
+				return ddl, constraintValues, nil
+			})
+	})
+}
+
+func (m _Migrator) DropConstraint(value interface{}, name string) error {
+	return m.RunWithValue(value, func(stmt *gorm.Statement) error {
+		constraint, chk, table := m.GuessConstraintAndTable(stmt, name)
+		if constraint != nil {
+			name = constraint.Name
+		} else if chk != nil {
+			name = chk.Name
+		}
+
+		return m.recreateTable(value, &table,
+			func(ddl *ddl, stmt *gorm.Statement) (*ddl, []interface{}, error) {
+				ddl.removeConstraint(name)
+				return ddl, nil, nil
+			})
+	})
+}
+
+func (m _Migrator) HasConstraint(value interface{}, name string) bool {
+	var count int64
+	m.RunWithValue(value, func(stmt *gorm.Statement) error {
+		constraint, chk, table := m.GuessConstraintAndTable(stmt, name)
+		if constraint != nil {
+			name = constraint.Name
+		} else if chk != nil {
+			name = chk.Name
+		}
+
+		m.DB.Raw(
+			"SELECT count(*) FROM sqlite_master WHERE type = ? AND tbl_name = ? AND (sql LIKE ? OR sql LIKE ? OR sql LIKE ? OR sql LIKE ? OR sql LIKE ?)",
+			"table", table, `%CONSTRAINT "`+name+`" %`, `%CONSTRAINT `+name+` %`, "%CONSTRAINT `"+name+"`%", "%CONSTRAINT ["+name+"]%", "%CONSTRAINT \t"+name+"\t%",
+		).Row().Scan(&count)
+
+		return nil
+	})
+
+	return count > 0
+}
+
+func (m _Migrator) CurrentDatabase() (name string) {
+	var null interface{}
+	m.DB.Raw("PRAGMA database_list").Row().Scan(&null, &name, &null)
+	return
+}
+
+func (m _Migrator) BuildIndexOptions(opts []schema.IndexOption, stmt *gorm.Statement) (results []interface{}) {
+	for _, opt := range opts {
+		str := stmt.Quote(opt.DBName)
+		if opt.Expression != "" {
+			str = opt.Expression
+		}
+
+		if opt.Collate != "" {
+			str += " COLLATE " + opt.Collate
+		}
+
+		if opt.Sort != "" {
+			str += " " + opt.Sort
+		}
+		results = append(results, clause.Expr{SQL: str})
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+func (m _Migrator) CreateIndex(value interface{}, name string) error {
+	return m.RunWithValue(value, func(stmt *gorm.Statement) error {
+		if stmt.Schema != nil {
+			if idx := stmt.Schema.LookIndex(name); idx != nil {
+				opts := m.BuildIndexOptions(idx.Fields, stmt)
+				values := []interface{}{clause.Column{Name: idx.Name}, clause.Table{Name: stmt.Table}, opts}
+
+				createIndexSQL := "CREATE "
+				if idx.Class != "" {
+					createIndexSQL += idx.Class + " "
+				}
+				createIndexSQL += "INDEX ?"
+
+				if idx.Type != "" {
+					createIndexSQL += " USING " + idx.Type
+				}
+				createIndexSQL += " ON ??"
+
+				if idx.Where != "" {
+					createIndexSQL += " WHERE " + idx.Where
+				}
+
+				return m.DB.Exec(createIndexSQL, values...).Error
+			}
+		}
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create index with name %v", name)
+	})
+}
+
+func (m _Migrator) HasIndex(value interface{}, name string) bool {
+	var count int
+	m.RunWithValue(value, func(stmt *gorm.Statement) error {
+		if stmt.Schema != nil {
+			if idx := stmt.Schema.LookIndex(name); idx != nil {
+				name = idx.Name
+			}
+		}
+
+		if name != "" {
+			m.DB.Raw(
+				"SELECT count(*) FROM sqlite_master WHERE type = ? AND tbl_name = ? AND name = ?", "index", stmt.Table, name,
+			).Row().Scan(&count)
+		}
+		return nil
+	})
+	return count > 0
+}
+
+func (m _Migrator) RenameIndex(value interface{}, oldName, newName string) error {
+	return m.RunWithValue(value, func(stmt *gorm.Statement) error {
+		var sql string
+		m.DB.Raw("SELECT sql FROM sqlite_master WHERE type = ? AND tbl_name = ? AND name = ?", "index", stmt.Table, oldName).Row().Scan(&sql)
+		if sql != "" {
+			if err := m.DropIndex(value, oldName); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			return m.DB.Exec(strings.Replace(sql, oldName, newName, 1)).Error
+		}
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to find index with name %v", oldName)
+	})
+}
+
+func (m _Migrator) DropIndex(value interface{}, name string) error {
+	return m.RunWithValue(value, func(stmt *gorm.Statement) error {
+		if stmt.Schema != nil {
+			if idx := stmt.Schema.LookIndex(name); idx != nil {
+				name = idx.Name
+			}
+		}
+
+		return m.DB.Exec("DROP INDEX ?", clause.Column{Name: name}).Error
+	})
+}
+
+func buildConstraint(constraint *schema.Constraint) (sql string, results []interface{}) {
+	sql = "CONSTRAINT ? FOREIGN KEY ? REFERENCES ??"
+	if constraint.OnDelete != "" {
+		sql += " ON DELETE " + constraint.OnDelete
+	}
+
+	if constraint.OnUpdate != "" {
+		sql += " ON UPDATE " + constraint.OnUpdate
+	}
+
+	var foreignKeys, references []interface{}
+	for _, field := range constraint.ForeignKeys {
+		foreignKeys = append(foreignKeys, clause.Column{Name: field.DBName})
+	}
+
+	for _, field := range constraint.References {
+		references = append(references, clause.Column{Name: field.DBName})
+	}
+	results = append(results, clause.Table{Name: constraint.Name}, foreignKeys, clause.Table{Name: constraint.ReferenceSchema.Table}, references)
+	return
+}
+
+func (m _Migrator) getRawDDL(table string) (string, error) {
+	var createSQL string
+	m.DB.Raw("SELECT sql FROM sqlite_master WHERE type = ? AND tbl_name = ? AND name = ?", "table", table, table).Row().Scan(&createSQL)
+
+	if m.DB.Error != nil {
+		return "", m.DB.Error
+	}
+	return createSQL, nil
+}
+
+func (m _Migrator) recreateTable(
+	value interface{}, tablePtr *string,
+	getCreateSQL func(ddl *ddl, stmt *gorm.Statement) (sql *ddl, sqlArgs []interface{}, err error),
+) error {
+	return m.RunWithValue(value, func(stmt *gorm.Statement) error {
+		table := stmt.Table
+		if tablePtr != nil {
+			table = *tablePtr
+		}
+
+		rawDDL, err := m.getRawDDL(table)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		originDDL, err := parseDDL(rawDDL)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		createDDL, sqlArgs, err := getCreateSQL(originDDL.clone(), stmt)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if createDDL == nil {
+			return nil
+		}
+
+		newTableName := table + "__temp"
+		if err := createDDL.renameTable(newTableName, table); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		columns := createDDL.getColumns()
+		createSQL := createDDL.compile()
+
+		return m.DB.Transaction(func(tx *gorm.DB) error {
+			if err := tx.Exec(createSQL, sqlArgs...).Error; err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+
+			queries := []string{
+				fmt.Sprintf("INSERT INTO `%v`(%v) SELECT %v FROM `%v`", newTableName, strings.Join(columns, ","), strings.Join(columns, ","), table),
+				fmt.Sprintf("DROP TABLE `%v`", table),
+				fmt.Sprintf("ALTER TABLE `%v` RENAME TO `%v`", newTableName, table),
+			}
+			for _, query := range queries {
+				if err := tx.Exec(query).Error; err != nil {
+					return err
+				}
+			}
+			return nil
+		})
+	})
+}

gormlite/sqlite.go

@@ -0,0 +1,257 @@
+// Package gormlite provides a GORM driver for SQLite.
+package gormlite
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"database/sql"
+	"strconv"
+
+	"gorm.io/gorm"
+	"gorm.io/gorm/callbacks"
+	"gorm.io/gorm/clause"
+	"gorm.io/gorm/logger"
+	"gorm.io/gorm/migrator"
+	"gorm.io/gorm/schema"
+
+	"github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/driver"
+)
+
+// Open opens a GORM dialector from a data source name.
+func Open(dsn string) gorm.Dialector {
+	return &_Dialector{DSN: dsn}
+}
+
+// Open opens a GORM dialector from a database handle.
+func OpenDB(db *sql.DB) gorm.Dialector {
+	return &_Dialector{Conn: db}
+}
+
+type _Dialector struct {
+	DSN  string
+	Conn gorm.ConnPool
+}
+
+func (dialector _Dialector) Name() string {
+	return "sqlite"
+}
+
+func (dialector _Dialector) Initialize(db *gorm.DB) (err error) {
+	if dialector.Conn != nil {
+		db.ConnPool = dialector.Conn
+	} else {
+		conn, err := driver.Open(dialector.DSN, nil)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		db.ConnPool = conn
+	}
+
+	var version string
+	if err := db.ConnPool.QueryRowContext(context.Background(), "select sqlite_version()").Scan(&version); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	// https://www.sqlite.org/releaselog/3_35_0.html
+	if compareVersion(version, "3.35.0") >= 0 {
+		callbacks.RegisterDefaultCallbacks(db, &callbacks.Config{
+			CreateClauses:        []string{"INSERT", "VALUES", "ON CONFLICT", "RETURNING"},
+			UpdateClauses:        []string{"UPDATE", "SET", "FROM", "WHERE", "RETURNING"},
+			DeleteClauses:        []string{"DELETE", "FROM", "WHERE", "RETURNING"},
+			LastInsertIDReversed: true,
+		})
+	} else {
+		callbacks.RegisterDefaultCallbacks(db, &callbacks.Config{
+			LastInsertIDReversed: true,
+		})
+	}
+
+	for k, v := range dialector.ClauseBuilders() {
+		db.ClauseBuilders[k] = v
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+func (dialector _Dialector) ClauseBuilders() map[string]clause.ClauseBuilder {
+	return map[string]clause.ClauseBuilder{
+		"INSERT": func(c clause.Clause, builder clause.Builder) {
+			if insert, ok := c.Expression.(clause.Insert); ok {
+				if stmt, ok := builder.(*gorm.Statement); ok {
+					stmt.WriteString("INSERT ")
+					if insert.Modifier != "" {
+						stmt.WriteString(insert.Modifier)
+						stmt.WriteByte(' ')
+					}
+
+					stmt.WriteString("INTO ")
+					if insert.Table.Name == "" {
+						stmt.WriteQuoted(stmt.Table)
+					} else {
+						stmt.WriteQuoted(insert.Table)
+					}
+					return
+				}
+			}
+
+			c.Build(builder)
+		},
+		"LIMIT": func(c clause.Clause, builder clause.Builder) {
+			if limit, ok := c.Expression.(clause.Limit); ok {
+				var lmt = -1
+				if limit.Limit != nil && *limit.Limit >= 0 {
+					lmt = *limit.Limit
+				}
+				if lmt >= 0 || limit.Offset > 0 {
+					builder.WriteString("LIMIT ")
+					builder.WriteString(strconv.Itoa(lmt))
+				}
+				if limit.Offset > 0 {
+					builder.WriteString(" OFFSET ")
+					builder.WriteString(strconv.Itoa(limit.Offset))
+				}
+			}
+		},
+		"FOR": func(c clause.Clause, builder clause.Builder) {
+			if _, ok := c.Expression.(clause.Locking); ok {
+				// SQLite3 does not support row-level locking.
+				return
+			}
+			c.Build(builder)
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func (dialector _Dialector) DefaultValueOf(field *schema.Field) clause.Expression {
+	if field.AutoIncrement {
+		return clause.Expr{SQL: "NULL"}
+	}
+
+	// doesn't work, will raise error
+	return clause.Expr{SQL: "DEFAULT"}
+}
+
+func (dialector _Dialector) Migrator(db *gorm.DB) gorm.Migrator {
+	return _Migrator{migrator.Migrator{Config: migrator.Config{
+		DB:                          db,
+		Dialector:                   dialector,
+		CreateIndexAfterCreateTable: true,
+	}}}
+}
+
+func (dialector _Dialector) BindVarTo(writer clause.Writer, stmt *gorm.Statement, v interface{}) {
+	writer.WriteByte('?')
+}
+
+func (dialector _Dialector) QuoteTo(writer clause.Writer, str string) {
+	var (
+		underQuoted, selfQuoted bool
+		continuousBacktick      int8
+		shiftDelimiter          int8
+	)
+
+	for _, v := range []byte(str) {
+		switch v {
+		case '`':
+			continuousBacktick++
+			if continuousBacktick == 2 {
+				writer.WriteString("``")
+				continuousBacktick = 0
+			}
+		case '.':
+			if continuousBacktick > 0 || !selfQuoted {
+				shiftDelimiter = 0
+				underQuoted = false
+				continuousBacktick = 0
+				writer.WriteString("`")
+			}
+			writer.WriteByte(v)
+			continue
+		default:
+			if shiftDelimiter-continuousBacktick <= 0 && !underQuoted {
+				writer.WriteString("`")
+				underQuoted = true
+				if selfQuoted = continuousBacktick > 0; selfQuoted {
+					continuousBacktick -= 1
+				}
+			}
+
+			for ; continuousBacktick > 0; continuousBacktick -= 1 {
+				writer.WriteString("``")
+			}
+
+			writer.WriteByte(v)
+		}
+		shiftDelimiter++
+	}
+
+	if continuousBacktick > 0 && !selfQuoted {
+		writer.WriteString("``")
+	}
+	writer.WriteString("`")
+}
+
+func (dialector _Dialector) Explain(sql string, vars ...interface{}) string {
+	return logger.ExplainSQL(sql, nil, `"`, vars...)
+}
+
+func (dialector _Dialector) DataTypeOf(field *schema.Field) string {
+	switch field.DataType {
+	case schema.Bool:
+		return "numeric"
+	case schema.Int, schema.Uint:
+		if field.AutoIncrement {
+			// doesn't check `PrimaryKey`, to keep backward compatibility
+			// https://www.sqlite.org/autoinc.html
+			return "integer PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT"
+		} else {
+			return "integer"
+		}
+	case schema.Float:
+		return "real"
+	case schema.String:
+		return "text"
+	case schema.Time:
+		// Distinguish between schema.Time and tag time
+		if val, ok := field.TagSettings["TYPE"]; ok {
+			return val
+		} else {
+			return "datetime"
+		}
+	case schema.Bytes:
+		return "blob"
+	}
+
+	return string(field.DataType)
+}
+
+func (dialectopr _Dialector) SavePoint(tx *gorm.DB, name string) error {
+	tx.Exec("SAVEPOINT " + name)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (dialectopr _Dialector) RollbackTo(tx *gorm.DB, name string) error {
+	tx.Exec("ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT " + name)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func compareVersion(version1, version2 string) int {
+	n, m := len(version1), len(version2)
+	i, j := 0, 0
+	for i < n || j < m {
+		x := 0
+		for ; i < n && version1[i] != '.'; i++ {
+			x = x*10 + int(version1[i]-'0')
+		}
+		i++
+		y := 0
+		for ; j < m && version2[j] != '.'; j++ {
+			y = y*10 + int(version2[j]-'0')
+		}
+		j++
+		if x > y {
+			return 1
+		}
+		if x < y {
+			return -1
+		}
+	}
+	return 0
+}

gormlite/sqlite_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+package gormlite
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"testing"
+
+	"gorm.io/gorm"
+
+	"github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3"
+	"github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/driver"
+	_ "github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/embed"
+)
+
+func TestDialector(t *testing.T) {
+	// This is the DSN of the in-memory SQLite database for these tests.
+	const InMemoryDSN = "file:testdatabase?mode=memory&cache=shared"
+
+	// Custom connection with a custom function called "my_custom_function".
+	db, err := driver.Open(InMemoryDSN, func(conn *sqlite3.Conn) error {
+		return conn.CreateFunction("my_custom_function", 0, sqlite3.DETERMINISTIC,
+			func(ctx sqlite3.Context, arg ...sqlite3.Value) {
+				ctx.ResultText("my-result")
+			})
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	rows := []struct {
+		description  string
+		dialector    gorm.Dialector
+		openSuccess  bool
+		query        string
+		querySuccess bool
+	}{
+		{
+			description:  "Default driver",
+			dialector:    Open(InMemoryDSN),
+			openSuccess:  true,
+			query:        "SELECT 1",
+			querySuccess: true,
+		},
+		{
+			description:  "Custom function",
+			dialector:    Open(InMemoryDSN),
+			openSuccess:  true,
+			query:        "SELECT my_custom_function()",
+			querySuccess: false,
+		},
+		{
+			description:  "Custom connection",
+			dialector:    OpenDB(db),
+			openSuccess:  true,
+			query:        "SELECT 1",
+			querySuccess: true,
+		},
+		{
+			description:  "Custom connection, custom function",
+			dialector:    OpenDB(db),
+			openSuccess:  true,
+			query:        "SELECT my_custom_function()",
+			querySuccess: true,
+		},
+	}
+	for rowIndex, row := range rows {
+		t.Run(fmt.Sprintf("%d/%s", rowIndex, row.description), func(t *testing.T) {
+			db, err := gorm.Open(row.dialector, &gorm.Config{})
+			if !row.openSuccess {
+				if err == nil {
+					t.Errorf("Expected Open to fail.")
+				}
+				return
+			}
+
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Errorf("Expected Open to succeed; got error: %v", err)
+			}
+			if db == nil {
+				t.Errorf("Expected db to be non-nil.")
+			}
+			if row.query != "" {
+				err = db.Exec(row.query).Error
+				if !row.querySuccess {
+					if err == nil {
+						t.Errorf("Expected query to fail.")
+					}
+					return
+				}
+
+				if err != nil {
+					t.Errorf("Expected query to succeed; got error: %v", err)
+				}
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

gormlite/test.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -euo pipefail
+
+cd -P -- "$(dirname -- "$0")"
+
+rm -rf gorm/ tests/
+git clone --filter=blob:none https://github.com/go-gorm/gorm.git
+mv gorm/tests tests
+rm -rf gorm/
+
+patch -p1 -N < tests.patch
+
+cd tests
+go mod edit \
+ -require github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/gormlite@v0.0.0 \
+ -replace github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/gormlite=../ \
+ -replace github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3=../../ \
+ -droprequire gorm.io/driver/sqlite \
+ -dropreplace gorm.io/gorm
+go mod tidy && go work use . && go test
+
+cd ..
+rm -rf tests/
+go work use -r .

gormlite/tests.patch

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+diff --git a/tests/.gitignore b/tests/.gitignore
+--- a/tests/.gitignore
++++ b/tests/.gitignore
+@@ -1 +1 @@
+-go.sum
++*
+diff --git a/tests/tests_test.go b/tests/tests_test.go
+--- a/tests/tests_test.go
++++ b/tests/tests_test.go
+@@ -7,9 +7,11 @@ import (
+ 	"path/filepath"
+ 	"time"
+ 
++	_ "github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/embed"
++	sqlite "github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/gormlite"
++
+ 	"gorm.io/driver/mysql"
+ 	"gorm.io/driver/postgres"
+-	"gorm.io/driver/sqlite"
+ 	"gorm.io/driver/sqlserver"
+ 	"gorm.io/gorm"
+ 	"gorm.io/gorm/logger"
+@@ -89,7 +91,7 @@ func OpenTestConnection(cfg *gorm.Config) (db *gorm.DB, err error) {
+ 		db, err = gorm.Open(mysql.Open(dbDSN), cfg)
+ 	default:
+ 		log.Println("testing sqlite3...")
+-		db, err = gorm.Open(sqlite.Open(filepath.Join(os.TempDir(), "gorm.db?_foreign_keys=on")), cfg)
++		db, err = gorm.Open(sqlite.Open("file:"+filepath.Join(os.TempDir(), "gorm.db")+"?_pragma=busy_timeout(1000)&_pragma=foreign_keys(1)"), cfg)
+ 	}
+ 
+ 	if err != nil {

internal/util/const.go

@@ -72,6 +72,7 @@ const (
 	IOERR_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC   = IOERR | (31 << 8)
 	IOERR_DATA              = IOERR | (32 << 8)
 	IOERR_CORRUPTFS         = IOERR | (33 << 8)
+	IOERR_IN_PAGE           = IOERR | (34 << 8)
 	LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE      = LOCKED | (1 << 8)
 	LOCKED_VTAB             = LOCKED | (2 << 8)
 	BUSY_RECOVERY           = BUSY | (1 << 8)

internal/util/error.go

@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ const (
 	OffsetErr    = ErrorString("sqlite3: invalid offset")
 	TailErr      = ErrorString("sqlite3: multiple statements")
 	IsolationErr = ErrorString("sqlite3: unsupported isolation level")
+	ValueErr     = ErrorString("sqlite3: unsupported value")
 	NoVFSErr     = ErrorString("sqlite3: no such vfs: ")
 )
 

internal/util/func.go

@@ -10,6 +10,32 @@ import (
 type i32 interface{ ~int32 | ~uint32 }
 type i64 interface{ ~int64 | ~uint64 }
 
+type funcVI[T0 i32] func(context.Context, api.Module, T0)
+
+func (fn funcVI[T0]) Call(ctx context.Context, mod api.Module, stack []uint64) {
+	fn(ctx, mod, T0(stack[0]))
+}
+
+func ExportFuncVI[T0 i32](mod wazero.HostModuleBuilder, name string, fn func(context.Context, api.Module, T0)) {
+	mod.NewFunctionBuilder().
+		WithGoModuleFunction(funcVI[T0](fn),
+			[]api.ValueType{api.ValueTypeI32}, nil).
+		Export(name)
+}
+
+type funcVIII[T0, T1, T2 i32] func(context.Context, api.Module, T0, T1, T2)
+
+func (fn funcVIII[T0, T1, T2]) Call(ctx context.Context, mod api.Module, stack []uint64) {
+	fn(ctx, mod, T0(stack[0]), T1(stack[1]), T2(stack[2]))
+}
+
+func ExportFuncVIII[T0, T1, T2 i32](mod wazero.HostModuleBuilder, name string, fn func(context.Context, api.Module, T0, T1, T2)) {
+	mod.NewFunctionBuilder().
+		WithGoModuleFunction(funcVIII[T0, T1, T2](fn),
+			[]api.ValueType{api.ValueTypeI32, api.ValueTypeI32, api.ValueTypeI32}, nil).
+		Export(name)
+}
+
 type funcII[TR, T0 i32] func(context.Context, api.Module, T0) TR
 
 func (fn funcII[TR, T0]) Call(ctx context.Context, mod api.Module, stack []uint64) {

internal/util/handle.go

@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+package util
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"io"
+
+	"github.com/tetratelabs/wazero/experimental"
+)
+
+type handleKey struct{}
+type handleState struct {
+	handles []any
+	empty   int
+}
+
+func NewContext(ctx context.Context) context.Context {
+	state := new(handleState)
+	ctx = experimental.WithCloseNotifier(ctx, state)
+	ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, handleKey{}, state)
+	return ctx
+}
+
+func (s *handleState) CloseNotify(ctx context.Context, exitCode uint32) {
+	for _, h := range s.handles {
+		if c, ok := h.(io.Closer); ok {
+			c.Close()
+		}
+	}
+	s.handles = nil
+	s.empty = 0
+}
+
+func GetHandle(ctx context.Context, id uint32) any {
+	if id == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	s := ctx.Value(handleKey{}).(*handleState)
+	return s.handles[^id]
+}
+
+func DelHandle(ctx context.Context, id uint32) error {
+	if id == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	s := ctx.Value(handleKey{}).(*handleState)
+	a := s.handles[^id]
+	s.handles[^id] = nil
+	s.empty++
+	if c, ok := a.(io.Closer); ok {
+		return c.Close()
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func AddHandle(ctx context.Context, a any) (id uint32) {
+	if a == nil {
+		panic(NilErr)
+	}
+	s := ctx.Value(handleKey{}).(*handleState)
+
+	// Find an empty slot.
+	if s.empty > cap(s.handles)-len(s.handles) {
+		for id, h := range s.handles {
+			if h == nil {
+				s.empty--
+				s.handles[id] = a
+				return ^uint32(id)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Add a new slot.
+	s.handles = append(s.handles, a)
+	return -uint32(len(s.handles))
+}

internal/util/mem.go

@@ -14,6 +14,9 @@ func View(mod api.Module, ptr uint32, size uint64) []byte {
 	if size > math.MaxUint32 {
 		panic(RangeErr)
 	}
+	if size == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
 	buf, ok := mod.Memory().Read(ptr, uint32(size))
 	if !ok {
 		panic(RangeErr)

json.go

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+package sqlite3
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"strconv"
+	"time"
+	"unsafe"
+
+	"github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/internal/util"
+)
+
+// JSON returns a value that can be used as an argument to
+// [database/sql.DB.Exec], [database/sql.Row.Scan] and similar methods to
+// store value as JSON, or decode JSON into value.
+func JSON(value any) any {
+	return jsonValue{value}
+}
+
+type jsonValue struct{ any }
+
+func (j jsonValue) JSON() any { return j.any }
+
+func (j jsonValue) Scan(value any) error {
+	var buf []byte
+
+	switch v := value.(type) {
+	case []byte:
+		buf = v
+	case string:
+		buf = unsafe.Slice(unsafe.StringData(v), len(v))
+	case int64:
+		buf = strconv.AppendInt(nil, v, 10)
+	case float64:
+		buf = strconv.AppendFloat(nil, v, 'g', -1, 64)
+	case time.Time:
+		buf = append(buf, '"')
+		buf = v.AppendFormat(buf, time.RFC3339Nano)
+		buf = append(buf, '"')
+	case nil:
+		buf = append(buf, "null"...)
+	default:
+		panic(util.AssertErr())
+	}
+
+	return json.Unmarshal(buf, j.any)
+}

pointer.go

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+package sqlite3
+
+// Pointer returns a pointer to a value
+// that can be used as an argument to
+// [database/sql.DB.Exec] and similar methods.
+//
+// https://www.sqlite.org/bindptr.html
+func Pointer[T any](val T) any {
+	return pointer[T]{val}
+}
+
+type pointer[T any] struct{ val T }
+
+func (p pointer[T]) Pointer() any { return p.val }

quote.go

@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+package sqlite3
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"math"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+	"unsafe"
+
+	"github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/internal/util"
+)
+
+// Quote escapes and quotes a value
+// making it safe to embed in SQL text.
+func Quote(value any) string {
+	switch v := value.(type) {
+	case nil:
+		return "NULL"
+	case bool:
+		if v {
+			return "1"
+		} else {
+			return "0"
+		}
+
+	case int:
+		return strconv.Itoa(v)
+	case int64:
+		return strconv.FormatInt(v, 10)
+	case float64:
+		switch {
+		case math.IsNaN(v):
+			return "NULL"
+		case math.IsInf(v, 1):
+			return "9.0e999"
+		case math.IsInf(v, -1):
+			return "-9.0e999"
+		}
+		return strconv.FormatFloat(v, 'g', -1, 64)
+	case time.Time:
+		return "'" + v.Format(time.RFC3339Nano) + "'"
+
+	case string:
+		if strings.IndexByte(v, 0) >= 0 {
+			break
+		}
+
+		buf := make([]byte, 2+len(v)+strings.Count(v, "'"))
+		buf[0] = '\''
+		i := 1
+		for _, b := range []byte(v) {
+			if b == '\'' {
+				buf[i] = b
+				i += 1
+			}
+			buf[i] = b
+			i += 1
+		}
+		buf[i] = '\''
+		return unsafe.String(&buf[0], len(buf))
+
+	case []byte:
+		buf := make([]byte, 3+2*len(v))
+		buf[0] = 'x'
+		buf[1] = '\''
+		i := 2
+		for _, b := range v {
+			const hex = "0123456789ABCDEF"
+			buf[i+0] = hex[b/16]
+			buf[i+1] = hex[b%16]
+			i += 2
+		}
+		buf[i] = '\''
+		return unsafe.String(&buf[0], len(buf))
+
+	case ZeroBlob:
+		if v > ZeroBlob(1e9-3)/2 {
+			break
+		}
+
+		buf := bytes.Repeat([]byte("0"), int(3+2*int64(v)))
+		buf[0] = 'x'
+		buf[1] = '\''
+		buf[len(buf)-1] = '\''
+		return unsafe.String(&buf[0], len(buf))
+	}
+
+	panic(util.ValueErr)
+}
+
+// QuoteIdentifier escapes and quotes an identifier
+// making it safe to embed in SQL text.
+func QuoteIdentifier(id string) string {
+	if strings.IndexByte(id, 0) >= 0 {
+		panic(util.ValueErr)
+	}
+
+	buf := make([]byte, 2+len(id)+strings.Count(id, `"`))
+	buf[0] = '"'
+	i := 1
+	for _, b := range []byte(id) {
+		if b == '"' {
+			buf[i] = b
+			i += 1
+		}
+		buf[i] = b
+		i += 1
+	}
+	buf[i] = '"'
+	return unsafe.String(&buf[0], len(buf))
+}

sqlite.go

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ package sqlite3
 
 import (
 	"context"
-	"io"
 	"math"
 	"os"
 	"sync"
@@ -23,72 +22,72 @@ import (
 var (
 	Binary []byte // WASM binary to load.
 	Path   string // Path to load the binary from.
+
+	RuntimeConfig wazero.RuntimeConfig
 )
 
-var sqlite3 struct {
+var instance struct {
 	runtime  wazero.Runtime
 	compiled wazero.CompiledModule
 	err      error
 	once     sync.Once
 }
 
-func instantiateModule() (*module, error) {
-	ctx := context.Background()
-
-	sqlite3.once.Do(compileModule)
-	if sqlite3.err != nil {
-		return nil, sqlite3.err
+func compileSQLite() {
+	if RuntimeConfig == nil {
+		RuntimeConfig = wazero.NewRuntimeConfig()
 	}
 
-	cfg := wazero.NewModuleConfig()
-
-	mod, err := sqlite3.runtime.InstantiateModule(ctx, sqlite3.compiled, cfg)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	return newModule(mod)
-}
-
-func compileModule() {
 	ctx := context.Background()
-	sqlite3.runtime = wazero.NewRuntime(ctx)
+	instance.runtime = wazero.NewRuntimeWithConfig(ctx, RuntimeConfig)
 
-	env := vfs.ExportHostFunctions(sqlite3.runtime.NewHostModuleBuilder("env"))
-	_, sqlite3.err = env.Instantiate(ctx)
-	if sqlite3.err != nil {
+	env := instance.runtime.NewHostModuleBuilder("env")
+	env = vfs.ExportHostFunctions(env)
+	env = exportCallbacks(env)
+	_, instance.err = env.Instantiate(ctx)
+	if instance.err != nil {
 		return
 	}
 
 	bin := Binary
 	if bin == nil && Path != "" {
-		bin, sqlite3.err = os.ReadFile(Path)
-		if sqlite3.err != nil {
+		bin, instance.err = os.ReadFile(Path)
+		if instance.err != nil {
 			return
 		}
 	}
 	if bin == nil {
-		sqlite3.err = util.BinaryErr
+		instance.err = util.BinaryErr
 		return
 	}
 
-	sqlite3.compiled, sqlite3.err = sqlite3.runtime.CompileModule(ctx, bin)
+	instance.compiled, instance.err = instance.runtime.CompileModule(ctx, bin)
 }
 
-type module struct {
-	ctx context.Context
-	mod api.Module
-	vfs io.Closer
-	api sqliteAPI
-	arg [8]uint64
+type sqlite struct {
+	ctx   context.Context
+	mod   api.Module
+	api   sqliteAPI
+	stack [8]uint64
 }
 
-func newModule(mod api.Module) (m *module, err error) {
-	m = new(module)
-	m.mod = mod
-	m.ctx, m.vfs = vfs.NewContext(context.Background())
+func instantiateSQLite() (sqlt *sqlite, err error) {
+	instance.once.Do(compileSQLite)
+	if instance.err != nil {
+		return nil, instance.err
+	}
+
+	sqlt = new(sqlite)
+	sqlt.ctx = util.NewContext(context.Background())
+
+	sqlt.mod, err = instance.runtime.InstantiateModule(sqlt.ctx,
+		instance.compiled, wazero.NewModuleConfig())
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
 
 	getFun := func(name string) api.Function {
-		f := mod.ExportedFunction(name)
+		f := sqlt.mod.ExportedFunction(name)
 		if f == nil {
 			err = util.NoFuncErr + util.ErrorString(name)
 			return nil
@@ -97,15 +96,15 @@ func newModule(mod api.Module) (m *module, err error) {
 	}
 
 	getVal := func(name string) uint32 {
-		g := mod.ExportedGlobal(name)
+		g := sqlt.mod.ExportedGlobal(name)
 		if g == nil {
 			err = util.NoGlobalErr + util.ErrorString(name)
 			return 0
 		}
-		return util.ReadUint32(mod, uint32(g.Get()))
+		return util.ReadUint32(sqlt.mod, uint32(g.Get()))
 	}
 
-	m.api = sqliteAPI{
+	sqlt.api = sqliteAPI{
 		free:            getFun("free"),
 		malloc:          getFun("malloc"),
 		destructor:      getVal("malloc_destructor"),
@@ -121,6 +120,8 @@ func newModule(mod api.Module) (m *module, err error) {
 		reset:           getFun("sqlite3_reset"),
 		step:            getFun("sqlite3_step"),
 		exec:            getFun("sqlite3_exec"),
+		interrupt:       getFun("sqlite3_interrupt"),
+		progressHandler: getFun("sqlite3_progress_handler_go"),
 		clearBindings:   getFun("sqlite3_clear_bindings"),
 		bindCount:       getFun("sqlite3_bind_parameter_count"),
 		bindIndex:       getFun("sqlite3_bind_parameter_index"),
@@ -131,6 +132,7 @@ func newModule(mod api.Module) (m *module, err error) {
 		bindText:        getFun("sqlite3_bind_text64"),
 		bindBlob:        getFun("sqlite3_bind_blob64"),
 		bindZeroBlob:    getFun("sqlite3_bind_zeroblob64"),
+		bindPointer:     getFun("sqlite3_bind_pointer_go"),
 		columnCount:     getFun("sqlite3_column_count"),
 		columnName:      getFun("sqlite3_column_name"),
 		columnType:      getFun("sqlite3_column_type"),
@@ -153,20 +155,46 @@ func newModule(mod api.Module) (m *module, err error) {
 		changes:         getFun("sqlite3_changes64"),
 		lastRowid:       getFun("sqlite3_last_insert_rowid"),
 		autocommit:      getFun("sqlite3_get_autocommit"),
+		anyCollation:    getFun("sqlite3_anycollseq_init"),
+		createCollation: getFun("sqlite3_create_collation_go"),
+		createFunction:  getFun("sqlite3_create_function_go"),
+		createAggregate: getFun("sqlite3_create_aggregate_function_go"),
+		createWindow:    getFun("sqlite3_create_window_function_go"),
+		aggregateCtx:    getFun("sqlite3_aggregate_context"),
+		userData:        getFun("sqlite3_user_data"),
+		setAuxData:      getFun("sqlite3_set_auxdata_go"),
+		getAuxData:      getFun("sqlite3_get_auxdata"),
+		valueType:       getFun("sqlite3_value_type"),
+		valueInteger:    getFun("sqlite3_value_int64"),
+		valueFloat:      getFun("sqlite3_value_double"),
+		valueText:       getFun("sqlite3_value_text"),
+		valueBlob:       getFun("sqlite3_value_blob"),
+		valueBytes:      getFun("sqlite3_value_bytes"),
+		valuePointer:    getFun("sqlite3_value_pointer_go"),
+		resultNull:      getFun("sqlite3_result_null"),
+		resultInteger:   getFun("sqlite3_result_int64"),
+		resultFloat:     getFun("sqlite3_result_double"),
+		resultText:      getFun("sqlite3_result_text64"),
+		resultBlob:      getFun("sqlite3_result_blob64"),
+		resultZeroBlob:  getFun("sqlite3_result_zeroblob64"),
+		resultPointer:   getFun("sqlite3_result_pointer_go"),
+		resultValue:     getFun("sqlite3_result_value"),
+		resultError:     getFun("sqlite3_result_error"),
+		resultErrorCode: getFun("sqlite3_result_error_code"),
+		resultErrorMem:  getFun("sqlite3_result_error_nomem"),
+		resultErrorBig:  getFun("sqlite3_result_error_toobig"),
 	}
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	return m, nil
+	return sqlt, nil
 }
 
-func (m *module) close() error {
-	err := m.mod.Close(m.ctx)
-	m.vfs.Close()
-	return err
+func (sqlt *sqlite) close() error {
+	return sqlt.mod.Close(sqlt.ctx)
 }
 
-func (m *module) error(rc uint64, handle uint32, sql ...string) error {
+func (sqlt *sqlite) error(rc uint64, handle uint32, sql ...string) error {
 	if rc == _OK {
 		return nil
 	}
@@ -177,17 +205,19 @@ func (m *module) error(rc uint64, handle uint32, sql ...string) error {
 		panic(util.OOMErr)
 	}
 
-	if r := m.call(m.api.errstr, rc); r != 0 {
-		err.str = util.ReadString(m.mod, uint32(r), _MAX_STRING)
+	if r := sqlt.call(sqlt.api.errstr, rc); r != 0 {
+		err.str = util.ReadString(sqlt.mod, uint32(r), _MAX_STRING)
 	}
 
-	if r := m.call(m.api.errmsg, uint64(handle)); r != 0 {
-		err.msg = util.ReadString(m.mod, uint32(r), _MAX_STRING)
-	}
+	if handle != 0 {
+		if r := sqlt.call(sqlt.api.errmsg, uint64(handle)); r != 0 {
+			err.msg = util.ReadString(sqlt.mod, uint32(r), _MAX_STRING)
+		}
 
-	if sql != nil {
-		if r := m.call(m.api.erroff, uint64(handle)); r != math.MaxUint32 {
-			err.sql = sql[0][r:]
+		if sql != nil {
+			if r := sqlt.call(sqlt.api.erroff, uint64(handle)); r != math.MaxUint32 {
+				err.sql = sql[0][r:]
+			}
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -198,60 +228,58 @@ func (m *module) error(rc uint64, handle uint32, sql ...string) error {
 	return &err
 }
 
-func (m *module) call(fn api.Function, params ...uint64) uint64 {
-	copy(m.arg[:], params)
-	err := fn.CallWithStack(m.ctx, m.arg[:])
+func (sqlt *sqlite) call(fn api.Function, params ...uint64) uint64 {
+	copy(sqlt.stack[:], params)
+	err := fn.CallWithStack(sqlt.ctx, sqlt.stack[:])
 	if err != nil {
-		// The module closed or panicked; release resources.
-		m.vfs.Close()
 		panic(err)
 	}
-	return m.arg[0]
+	return sqlt.stack[0]
 }
 
-func (m *module) free(ptr uint32) {
+func (sqlt *sqlite) free(ptr uint32) {
 	if ptr == 0 {
 		return
 	}
-	m.call(m.api.free, uint64(ptr))
+	sqlt.call(sqlt.api.free, uint64(ptr))
 }
 
-func (m *module) new(size uint64) uint32 {
+func (sqlt *sqlite) new(size uint64) uint32 {
 	if size > _MAX_ALLOCATION_SIZE {
 		panic(util.OOMErr)
 	}
-	ptr := uint32(m.call(m.api.malloc, size))
+	ptr := uint32(sqlt.call(sqlt.api.malloc, size))
 	if ptr == 0 && size != 0 {
 		panic(util.OOMErr)
 	}
 	return ptr
 }
 
-func (m *module) newBytes(b []byte) uint32 {
-	if b == nil {
+func (sqlt *sqlite) newBytes(b []byte) uint32 {
+	if (*[0]byte)(b) == nil {
 		return 0
 	}
-	ptr := m.new(uint64(len(b)))
-	util.WriteBytes(m.mod, ptr, b)
+	ptr := sqlt.new(uint64(len(b)))
+	util.WriteBytes(sqlt.mod, ptr, b)
 	return ptr
 }
 
-func (m *module) newString(s string) uint32 {
-	ptr := m.new(uint64(len(s) + 1))
-	util.WriteString(m.mod, ptr, s)
+func (sqlt *sqlite) newString(s string) uint32 {
+	ptr := sqlt.new(uint64(len(s) + 1))
+	util.WriteString(sqlt.mod, ptr, s)
 	return ptr
 }
 
-func (m *module) newArena(size uint64) arena {
+func (sqlt *sqlite) newArena(size uint64) arena {
 	return arena{
-		m:    m,
-		base: m.new(size),
+		sqlt: sqlt,
 		size: uint32(size),
+		base: sqlt.new(size),
 	}
 }
 
 type arena struct {
-	m    *module
+	sqlt *sqlite
 	ptrs []uint32
 	base uint32
 	next uint32
@@ -259,17 +287,17 @@ type arena struct {
 }
 
 func (a *arena) free() {
-	if a.m == nil {
+	if a.sqlt == nil {
 		return
 	}
 	a.reset()
-	a.m.free(a.base)
-	a.m = nil
+	a.sqlt.free(a.base)
+	a.sqlt = nil
 }
 
 func (a *arena) reset() {
 	for _, ptr := range a.ptrs {
-		a.m.free(ptr)
+		a.sqlt.free(ptr)
 	}
 	a.ptrs = nil
 	a.next = 0
@@ -281,7 +309,7 @@ func (a *arena) new(size uint64) uint32 {
 		a.next += uint32(size)
 		return ptr
 	}
-	ptr := a.m.new(size)
+	ptr := a.sqlt.new(size)
 	a.ptrs = append(a.ptrs, ptr)
 	return ptr
 }
@@ -291,13 +319,13 @@ func (a *arena) bytes(b []byte) uint32 {
 		return 0
 	}
 	ptr := a.new(uint64(len(b)))
-	util.WriteBytes(a.m.mod, ptr, b)
+	util.WriteBytes(a.sqlt.mod, ptr, b)
 	return ptr
 }
 
 func (a *arena) string(s string) uint32 {
 	ptr := a.new(uint64(len(s) + 1))
-	util.WriteString(a.m.mod, ptr, s)
+	util.WriteString(a.sqlt.mod, ptr, s)
 	return ptr
 }
 
@@ -316,16 +344,19 @@ type sqliteAPI struct {
 	reset           api.Function
 	step            api.Function
 	exec            api.Function
+	interrupt       api.Function
+	progressHandler api.Function
 	clearBindings   api.Function
-	bindNull        api.Function
 	bindCount       api.Function
 	bindIndex       api.Function
 	bindName        api.Function
+	bindNull        api.Function
 	bindInteger     api.Function
 	bindFloat       api.Function
 	bindText        api.Function
 	bindBlob        api.Function
 	bindZeroBlob    api.Function
+	bindPointer     api.Function
 	columnCount     api.Function
 	columnName      api.Function
 	columnType      api.Function
@@ -348,5 +379,45 @@ type sqliteAPI struct {
 	changes         api.Function
 	lastRowid       api.Function
 	autocommit      api.Function
+	anyCollation    api.Function
+	createCollation api.Function
+	createFunction  api.Function
+	createAggregate api.Function
+	createWindow    api.Function
+	aggregateCtx    api.Function
+	userData        api.Function
+	setAuxData      api.Function
+	getAuxData      api.Function
+	valueType       api.Function
+	valueInteger    api.Function
+	valueFloat      api.Function
+	valueText       api.Function
+	valueBlob       api.Function
+	valueBytes      api.Function
+	valuePointer    api.Function
+	resultNull      api.Function
+	resultInteger   api.Function
+	resultFloat     api.Function
+	resultText      api.Function
+	resultBlob      api.Function
+	resultZeroBlob  api.Function
+	resultPointer   api.Function
+	resultValue     api.Function
+	resultError     api.Function
+	resultErrorCode api.Function
+	resultErrorMem  api.Function
+	resultErrorBig  api.Function
 	destructor      uint32
 }
+
+func exportCallbacks(env wazero.HostModuleBuilder) wazero.HostModuleBuilder {
+	util.ExportFuncII(env, "go_progress", callbackProgress)
+	util.ExportFuncVI(env, "go_destroy", callbackDestroy)
+	util.ExportFuncIIIIII(env, "go_compare", callbackCompare)
+	util.ExportFuncVIII(env, "go_func", callbackFunc)
+	util.ExportFuncVIII(env, "go_step", callbackStep)
+	util.ExportFuncVI(env, "go_final", callbackFinal)
+	util.ExportFuncVI(env, "go_value", callbackValue)
+	util.ExportFuncVIII(env, "go_inverse", callbackInverse)
+	return env
+}

sqlite3/.gitignore

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+ext/
 sqlite3.c
 sqlite3.h
 sqlite3ext.h

sqlite3/deserialize.patch

@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
---- sqlite3.c.orig
-+++ sqlite3.c
-@@ -60425,7 +60425,7 @@
-   int rc = SQLITE_OK;      /* Return code */
-   int tempFile = 0;        /* True for temp files (incl. in-memory files) */
-   int memDb = 0;           /* True if this is an in-memory file */
--#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DESERIALIZE
-+#if 1
-   int memJM = 0;           /* Memory journal mode */
- #else
- # define memJM 0
-@@ -60628,7 +60628,7 @@
-     int fout = 0;                    /* VFS flags returned by xOpen() */
-     rc = sqlite3OsOpen(pVfs, pPager->zFilename, pPager->fd, vfsFlags, &fout);
-     assert( !memDb );
--#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DESERIALIZE
-+#if 1
-     pPager->memVfs = memJM = (fout&SQLITE_OPEN_MEMORY)!=0;
- #endif
-     readOnly = (fout&SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY)!=0;

sqlite3/download.sh

@@ -3,32 +3,33 @@ set -euo pipefail
 
 cd -P -- "$(dirname -- "$0")"
 
-curl -#OL "https://sqlite.org/2023/sqlite-amalgamation-3420000.zip"
+curl -#OL "https://sqlite.org/2023/sqlite-amalgamation-3440000.zip"
 unzip -d . sqlite-amalgamation-*.zip
 mv sqlite-amalgamation-*/sqlite3* .
 rm -rf sqlite-amalgamation-*
 
-patch < vfs_find.patch
-patch < deserialize.patch
+cat *.patch | patch --posix
 
+mkdir -p ext/
 cd ext/
-curl -#OL "https://github.com/sqlite/sqlite/raw/version-3.42.0/ext/misc/decimal.c"
-curl -#OL "https://github.com/sqlite/sqlite/raw/version-3.42.0/ext/misc/uint.c"
-curl -#OL "https://github.com/sqlite/sqlite/raw/version-3.42.0/ext/misc/uuid.c"
-curl -#OL "https://github.com/sqlite/sqlite/raw/version-3.42.0/ext/misc/base64.c"
-curl -#OL "https://github.com/sqlite/sqlite/raw/version-3.42.0/ext/misc/regexp.c"
-curl -#OL "https://github.com/sqlite/sqlite/raw/version-3.42.0/ext/misc/series.c"
+curl -#OL "https://github.com/sqlite/sqlite/raw/version-3.44.0/ext/misc/decimal.c"
+curl -#OL "https://github.com/sqlite/sqlite/raw/version-3.44.0/ext/misc/uint.c"
+curl -#OL "https://github.com/sqlite/sqlite/raw/version-3.44.0/ext/misc/uuid.c"
+curl -#OL "https://github.com/sqlite/sqlite/raw/version-3.44.0/ext/misc/base64.c"
+curl -#OL "https://github.com/sqlite/sqlite/raw/version-3.44.0/ext/misc/regexp.c"
+curl -#OL "https://github.com/sqlite/sqlite/raw/version-3.44.0/ext/misc/series.c"
+curl -#OL "https://github.com/sqlite/sqlite/raw/version-3.44.0/ext/misc/anycollseq.c"
 cd ~-
 
 cd ../vfs/tests/mptest/testdata/
-curl -#OL "https://github.com/sqlite/sqlite/raw/version-3.42.0/mptest/mptest.c"
-curl -#OL "https://github.com/sqlite/sqlite/raw/version-3.42.0/mptest/config01.test"
-curl -#OL "https://github.com/sqlite/sqlite/raw/version-3.42.0/mptest/config02.test"
-curl -#OL "https://github.com/sqlite/sqlite/raw/version-3.42.0/mptest/crash01.test"
-curl -#OL "https://github.com/sqlite/sqlite/raw/version-3.42.0/mptest/crash02.subtest"
-curl -#OL "https://github.com/sqlite/sqlite/raw/version-3.42.0/mptest/multiwrite01.test"
+curl -#OL "https://github.com/sqlite/sqlite/raw/version-3.44.0/mptest/mptest.c"
+curl -#OL "https://github.com/sqlite/sqlite/raw/version-3.44.0/mptest/config01.test"
+curl -#OL "https://github.com/sqlite/sqlite/raw/version-3.44.0/mptest/config02.test"
+curl -#OL "https://github.com/sqlite/sqlite/raw/version-3.44.0/mptest/crash01.test"
+curl -#OL "https://github.com/sqlite/sqlite/raw/version-3.44.0/mptest/crash02.subtest"
+curl -#OL "https://github.com/sqlite/sqlite/raw/version-3.44.0/mptest/multiwrite01.test"
 cd ~-
 
 cd ../vfs/tests/speedtest1/testdata/
-curl -#OL "https://github.com/sqlite/sqlite/raw/version-3.42.0/test/speedtest1.c"
+curl -#OL "https://github.com/sqlite/sqlite/raw/version-3.44.0/test/speedtest1.c"
 cd ~-

sqlite3/ext/.gitignore

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-*.c

sqlite3/func.c

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+#include "sqlite3.h"
+
+int go_compare(void *, int, const void *, int, const void *);
+void go_func(sqlite3_context *, int, sqlite3_value **);
+void go_step(sqlite3_context *, int, sqlite3_value **);
+void go_final(sqlite3_context *);
+void go_value(sqlite3_context *);
+void go_inverse(sqlite3_context *, int, sqlite3_value **);
+void go_destroy(void *);
+
+int sqlite3_create_collation_go(sqlite3 *db, const char *zName, void *pApp) {
+  return sqlite3_create_collation_v2(db, zName, SQLITE_UTF8, pApp, go_compare,
+                                     go_destroy);
+}
+
+int sqlite3_create_function_go(sqlite3 *db, const char *zName, int nArg,
+                               int flags, void *pApp) {
+  return sqlite3_create_function_v2(db, zName, nArg, SQLITE_UTF8 | flags, pApp,
+                                    go_func, /*step=*/NULL, /*final=*/NULL,
+                                    go_destroy);
+}
+
+int sqlite3_create_aggregate_function_go(sqlite3 *db, const char *zName,
+                                         int nArg, int flags, void *pApp) {
+  return sqlite3_create_window_function(db, zName, nArg, SQLITE_UTF8 | flags,
+                                        pApp, go_step, go_final, /*value=*/NULL,
+                                        /*inverse=*/NULL, go_destroy);
+}
+
+int sqlite3_create_window_function_go(sqlite3 *db, const char *zName, int nArg,
+                                      int flags, void *pApp) {
+  return sqlite3_create_window_function(db, zName, nArg, SQLITE_UTF8 | flags,
+                                        pApp, go_step, go_final, go_value,
+                                        go_inverse, go_destroy);
+}
+
+void sqlite3_set_auxdata_go(sqlite3_context *ctx, int iArg, void *pAux) {
+  sqlite3_set_auxdata(ctx, iArg, pAux, go_destroy);
+}
+
+#define GO_POINTER_TYPE "github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3.Pointer"
+
+int sqlite3_bind_pointer_go(sqlite3_stmt *stmt, int i, void *pApp) {
+  return sqlite3_bind_pointer(stmt, i, pApp, GO_POINTER_TYPE, go_destroy);
+}
+
+void sqlite3_result_pointer_go(sqlite3_context *ctx, void *pApp) {
+  sqlite3_result_pointer(ctx, pApp, GO_POINTER_TYPE, go_destroy);
+}
+
+void *sqlite3_value_pointer_go(sqlite3_value *val) {
+  return sqlite3_value_pointer(val, GO_POINTER_TYPE);
+}

sqlite3/isoweek.patch

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+# ISO week date specifiers.
+# https://sqlite.org/forum/forumpost/73d99e4497e8e6a7
+--- sqlite3.c.orig
++++ sqlite3.c
+@@ -1373,6 +1373,29 @@ static void strftimeFunc(
+         sqlite3_str_appendchar(&sRes, 1, c);
+         break;
+       }
++      case 'V':  /* Fall thru */
++      case 'G': {
++        DateTime y = x;
++        computeJD(&y);
++        y.validYMD = 0;
++        /* Adjust date to Thursday this week:
++           The number in parentheses is 0 for Monday, 3 for Thursday */
++        y.iJD += (3 - (((y.iJD+43200000)/86400000) % 7))*86400000;
++        computeYMD(&y);
++        if( cf=='G' ){
++          sqlite3_str_appendf(&sRes,"%04d",y.Y);
++        }else{
++          int nDay;             /* Number of days since 1st day of year */
++          i64 tJD = y.iJD;
++          y.validJD = 0;
++          y.M = 1;
++          y.D = 1;
++          computeJD(&y);
++          nDay = (int)((tJD-y.iJD+43200000)/86400000);
++          sqlite3_str_appendf(&sRes,"%02d",nDay/7+1);
++        }
++        break;
++      }
+       case 'Y': {
+         sqlite3_str_appendf(&sRes,"%04d",x.Y);
+         break;

sqlite3/locking_mode.patch

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+# Use exclusive locking mode for WAL databases with v1 VFSes.
+--- sqlite3.c.orig
++++ sqlite3.c
+@@ -63210,7 +63210,9 @@
+ SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerWalSupported(Pager *pPager){
+   const sqlite3_io_methods *pMethods = pPager->fd->pMethods;
+   if( pPager->noLock ) return 0;
+-  return pPager->exclusiveMode || (pMethods->iVersion>=2 && pMethods->xShmMap);
++  if( pMethods->iVersion>=2 && pMethods->xShmMap ) return 1;
++  pPager->exclusiveMode = 1; 
++  return 1;
+ }
+ 
+ /*

sqlite3/main.c

@@ -1,19 +1,17 @@
-#include <stdbool.h>
-#include <stddef.h>
-
-// Configuration
-#include "sqlite_cfg.h"
 // Amalgamation
 #include "sqlite3.c"
 // VFS
 #include "vfs.c"
 // Extensions
+#include "ext/anycollseq.c"
 #include "ext/base64.c"
 #include "ext/decimal.c"
 #include "ext/regexp.c"
 #include "ext/series.c"
 #include "ext/uint.c"
 #include "ext/uuid.c"
+#include "func.c"
+#include "progress.c"
 #include "time.c"
 
 __attribute__((constructor)) void init() {
@@ -25,4 +23,4 @@ __attribute__((constructor)) void init() {
   sqlite3_auto_extension((void (*)(void))sqlite3_uint_init);
   sqlite3_auto_extension((void (*)(void))sqlite3_uuid_init);
   sqlite3_auto_extension((void (*)(void))sqlite3_time_init);
-}
+}

sqlite3/progress.c

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+#include "sqlite3.h"
+
+int go_progress(void *);
+
+void sqlite3_progress_handler_go(sqlite3 *db, int n) {
+  sqlite3_progress_handler(db, n, go_progress, /*arg=*/NULL);
+}

sqlite3/sqlite_cfg.h

@@ -5,12 +5,28 @@
 #define SQLITE_OS_OTHER 1
 #define SQLITE_BYTEORDER 1234
 
+#define HAVE_INT8_T 1
+#define HAVE_INT16_T 1
+#define HAVE_INT32_T 1
+#define HAVE_INT64_T 1
+#define HAVE_UINT8_T 1
+#define HAVE_UINT16_T 1
+#define HAVE_UINT32_T 1
+#define HAVE_UINT64_T 1
 #define HAVE_STDINT_H 1
 #define HAVE_INTTYPES_H 1
 
+#define HAVE_LOG2 1
+#define HAVE_LOG10 1
 #define HAVE_ISNAN 1
+
 #define HAVE_USLEEP 1
+#define HAVE_NANOSLEEP 1
+
+#define HAVE_GMTIME_R 1
 #define HAVE_LOCALTIME_S 1
+
+#define HAVE_MALLOC_H 1
 #define HAVE_MALLOC_USABLE_SIZE 1
 
 // Recommended Options
@@ -23,12 +39,12 @@
 #define SQLITE_MAX_EXPR_DEPTH 0
 #define SQLITE_OMIT_DECLTYPE
 #define SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
-#define SQLITE_OMIT_PROGRESS_CALLBACK
 #define SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE
 #define SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT
 #define SQLITE_USE_ALLOCA
 
 // Other Options
+
 #define SQLITE_ALLOW_URI_AUTHORITY
 #define SQLITE_ENABLE_BATCH_ATOMIC_WRITE
 #define SQLITE_ENABLE_ATOMIC_WRITE
@@ -36,12 +52,9 @@
 
 // Because WASM does not support shared memory,
 // SQLite disables WAL for WASM builds.
-// We set the default locking mode to EXCLUSIVE instead.
+// We patch SQLite to use exclusive locking mode instead.
 // https://www.sqlite.org/wal.html#noshm
 #undef SQLITE_OMIT_WAL
-#ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_LOCKING_MODE
-#define SQLITE_DEFAULT_LOCKING_MODE 1
-#endif
 
 // Amalgamated Extensions
 
@@ -54,6 +67,8 @@
 #define SQLITE_ENABLE_RTREE 1
 #define SQLITE_ENABLE_GEOPOLY 1
 
+#define SQLITE_SOUNDEX
+
 // Session Extension
 // #define SQLITE_ENABLE_SESSION
 // #define SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK

sqlite3/time.c

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+#include <stddef.h>
 #include <string.h>
 
 #include "sqlite3.h"
@@ -26,7 +27,63 @@ static int time_collation(void *pArg, int nKey1, const void *pKey1, int nKey2,
   return rc;
 }
 
+static void json_time_func(sqlite3_context *context, int argc,
+                           sqlite3_value **argv) {
+  DateTime x;
+  if (isDate(context, argc, argv, &x)) return;
+  if (x.tzSet && x.tz) {
+    x.iJD += x.tz * 60000;
+    if (!validJulianDay(x.iJD)) return;
+    x.validYMD = 0;
+    x.validHMS = 0;
+  }
+  computeYMD_HMS(&x);
+
+  sqlite3 *db = sqlite3_context_db_handle(context);
+  sqlite3_str *res = sqlite3_str_new(db);
+
+  sqlite3_str_appendf(res, "%04d-%02d-%02dT%02d:%02d:%02d",  //
+                      x.Y, x.M, x.D,                         //
+                      x.h, x.m, (int)(x.iJD / 1000 % 60));
+
+  if (x.useSubsec) {
+    int rem = x.iJD % 1000;
+    if (rem) {
+      sqlite3_str_appendchar(res, 1, '.');
+      sqlite3_str_appendchar(res, 1, '0' + rem / 100);
+      if ((rem %= 100)) {
+        sqlite3_str_appendchar(res, 1, '0' + rem / 10);
+        if ((rem %= 10)) {
+          sqlite3_str_appendchar(res, 1, '0' + rem);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (x.tz) {
+    sqlite3_str_appendf(res, "%+03d:%02d", x.tz / 60, abs(x.tz) % 60);
+  } else {
+    sqlite3_str_appendchar(res, 1, 'Z');
+  }
+
+  int rc = sqlite3_str_errcode(res);
+  if (rc) {
+    sqlite3_result_error_code(context, rc);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  int n = sqlite3_str_length(res);
+  sqlite3_result_text(context, sqlite3_str_finish(res), n, sqlite3_free);
+}
+
 int sqlite3_time_init(sqlite3 *db, char **pzErrMsg,
                       const sqlite3_api_routines *pApi) {
-  return sqlite3_create_collation(db, "time", SQLITE_UTF8, 0, time_collation);
+  sqlite3_create_collation_v2(db, "time", SQLITE_UTF8, /*arg=*/NULL,
+                              time_collation,
+                              /*destroy=*/NULL);
+  sqlite3_create_function_v2(
+      db, "json_time", -1,
+      SQLITE_UTF8 | SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC | SQLITE_INNOCUOUS, /*arg=*/NULL,
+      json_time_func, /*step=*/NULL, /*final=*/NULL, /*destroy=*/NULL);
+  return SQLITE_OK;
 }

sqlite3/timezone.patch

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+# Set UTC timezone, compute local offset.
+--- sqlite3.c.orig
++++ sqlite3.c
+@@ -340,6 +340,7 @@ static int setDateTimeToCurrent(sqlite3_context *context, DateTime *p){
+   p->iJD = sqlite3StmtCurrentTime(context);
+   if( p->iJD>0 ){
+     p->validJD = 1;
++    p->tzSet = 1;
+     return 0;
+   }else{
+     return 1;
+@@ -355,6 +356,7 @@ static int setDateTimeToCurrent(sqlite3_context *context, DateTime *p){
+ static void setRawDateNumber(DateTime *p, double r){
+   p->s = r;
+   p->rawS = 1;
++  p->tzSet = 1;
+   if( r>=0.0 && r<5373484.5 ){
+     p->iJD = (sqlite3_int64)(r*86400000.0 + 0.5);
+     p->validJD = 1;
+@@ -731,7 +733,16 @@ static int parseModifier(
+       ** show local time.
+       */
+       if( sqlite3_stricmp(z, "localtime")==0 && sqlite3NotPureFunc(pCtx) ){
+-        rc = toLocaltime(p, pCtx);
++        if( p->tzSet!=0 || p->tz==0 ) {
++          rc = toLocaltime(p, pCtx);
++          i64 iOrigJD = p->iJD;
++          p->tzSet = 0;
++          computeJD(p);
++          p->tz = (p->iJD-iOrigJD)/60000;
++          if( abs(p->tz)>= 900 ) p->tz = 0;
++        } else {
++          rc = 0;
++        }
+       }
+       break;
+     }
+@@ -781,6 +792,7 @@ static int parseModifier(
+           p->validJD = 1;
+           p->tzSet = 1;
+         }
++        p->tz = 0;
+         rc = SQLITE_OK;
+       }
+ #endif

sqlite3/vfs.c

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
 #include <time.h>
 
 #include "sqlite3.h"
@@ -90,22 +92,25 @@ int localtime_s(struct tm *const pTm, time_t const *const pTime) {
 sqlite3_vfs *sqlite3_vfs_find(const char *zVfsName) {
   if (zVfsName) {
     static sqlite3_vfs *go_vfs_list;
-    sqlite3_vfs *found = NULL;
-    for (sqlite3_vfs **next = &go_vfs_list; *next;) {
-      sqlite3_vfs *it = *next;
+
+    for (sqlite3_vfs *it = go_vfs_list; it; it = it->pNext) {
+      if (!strcmp(zVfsName, it->zName) && go_vfs_find(it->zName)) {
+        return it;
+      }
+    }
+
+    for (sqlite3_vfs **ptr = &go_vfs_list; *ptr;) {
+      sqlite3_vfs *it = *ptr;
       if (go_vfs_find(it->zName)) {
-        if (!strcmp(zVfsName, it->zName)) found = it;
-        next = &it->pNext;
+        ptr = &it->pNext;
       } else {
-        *next = it->pNext;
+        *ptr = it->pNext;
         free(it);
       }
     }
-    if (found) {
-      return found;
-    }
+
     if (go_vfs_find(zVfsName)) {
-      sqlite3_vfs *prev = go_vfs_list;
+      sqlite3_vfs *head = go_vfs_list;
       go_vfs_list = malloc(sizeof(sqlite3_vfs) + strlen(zVfsName) + 1);
       char *name = (char *)(go_vfs_list + 1);
       strcpy(name, zVfsName);
@@ -114,7 +119,7 @@ sqlite3_vfs *sqlite3_vfs_find(const char *zVfsName) {
           .szOsFile = sizeof(struct go_file),
           .mxPathname = 512,
           .zName = name,
-          .pNext = prev,
+          .pNext = head,
 
           .xOpen = go_open_wrapper,
           .xDelete = go_delete,
@@ -132,6 +137,5 @@ sqlite3_vfs *sqlite3_vfs_find(const char *zVfsName) {
   return sqlite3_vfs_find_orig(zVfsName);
 }
 
-static_assert(offsetof(struct go_file, handle) == 4, "Unexpected offset");
 static_assert(offsetof(sqlite3_vfs, zName) == 16, "Unexpected offset");
-static_assert(offsetof(sqlite3, u1.isInterrupted) == 280, "Unexpected offset");
+static_assert(offsetof(struct go_file, handle) == 4, "Unexpected offset");

sqlite3/vfs_find.patch

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# Wrap sqlite3_vfs_find.
 --- sqlite3.c.orig
 +++ sqlite3.c
 @@ -25394,7 +25394,7 @@

sqlite_test.go

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package sqlite3
 import (
 	"bytes"
 	"math"
+	"os"
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/internal/util"
@@ -12,67 +13,73 @@ func init() {
 	Path = "./embed/sqlite3.wasm"
 }
 
-func TestConn_error_OOM(t *testing.T) {
+func Test_sqlite_error_OOM(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 
-	m, err := instantiateModule()
+	sqlite, err := instantiateSQLite()
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
-	defer m.close()
+	defer sqlite.close()
 
 	defer func() { _ = recover() }()
-	m.error(uint64(NOMEM), 0)
+	sqlite.error(uint64(NOMEM), 0)
 	t.Error("want panic")
 }
 
-func TestConn_call_closed(t *testing.T) {
+func Test_sqlite_call_closed(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 
-	m, err := instantiateModule()
+	sqlite, err := instantiateSQLite()
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
-	m.close()
+	sqlite.close()
 
 	defer func() { _ = recover() }()
-	m.call(m.api.free)
+	sqlite.call(sqlite.api.free)
 	t.Error("want panic")
 }
 
-func TestConn_new(t *testing.T) {
+func Test_sqlite_new(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 
-	m, err := instantiateModule()
+	sqlite, err := instantiateSQLite()
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
-	defer m.close()
+	defer sqlite.close()
 
 	t.Run("MaxUint32", func(t *testing.T) {
 		defer func() { _ = recover() }()
-		m.new(math.MaxUint32)
+		sqlite.new(math.MaxUint32)
 		t.Error("want panic")
 	})
 
 	t.Run("_MAX_ALLOCATION_SIZE", func(t *testing.T) {
+		if testing.Short() {
+			t.Skip("skipping in short mode")
+		}
+		if os.Getenv("CI") != "" {
+			t.Skip("skipping in CI")
+		}
 		defer func() { _ = recover() }()
-		m.new(_MAX_ALLOCATION_SIZE)
-		m.new(_MAX_ALLOCATION_SIZE)
+		sqlite.new(_MAX_ALLOCATION_SIZE)
+		sqlite.new(_MAX_ALLOCATION_SIZE)
 		t.Error("want panic")
 	})
 }
 
-func TestConn_newArena(t *testing.T) {
+func Test_sqlite_newArena(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 
-	m, err := instantiateModule()
+	sqlite, err := instantiateSQLite()
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
-	defer m.close()
+	defer sqlite.close()
 
-	arena := m.newArena(16)
+	arena := sqlite.newArena(16)
 	defer arena.free()
 
 	const title = "Lorem ipsum"
@@ -80,7 +87,7 @@ func TestConn_newArena(t *testing.T) {
 	if ptr == 0 {
 		t.Fatalf("got nullptr")
 	}
-	if got := util.ReadString(m.mod, ptr, math.MaxUint32); got != title {
+	if got := util.ReadString(sqlite.mod, ptr, math.MaxUint32); got != title {
 		t.Errorf("got %q, want %q", got, title)
 	}
 
@@ -89,7 +96,7 @@ func TestConn_newArena(t *testing.T) {
 	if ptr == 0 {
 		t.Fatalf("got nullptr")
 	}
-	if got := util.ReadString(m.mod, ptr, math.MaxUint32); got != body {
+	if got := util.ReadString(sqlite.mod, ptr, math.MaxUint32); got != body {
 		t.Errorf("got %q, want %q", got, body)
 	}
 
@@ -101,121 +108,130 @@ func TestConn_newArena(t *testing.T) {
 	if ptr == 0 {
 		t.Fatalf("got nullptr")
 	}
-	if got := util.View(m.mod, ptr, uint64(len(title))); string(got) != title {
+	if got := util.View(sqlite.mod, ptr, uint64(len(title))); string(got) != title {
 		t.Errorf("got %q, want %q", got, title)
 	}
 
 	arena.free()
 }
 
-func TestConn_newBytes(t *testing.T) {
+func Test_sqlite_newBytes(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 
-	m, err := instantiateModule()
+	sqlite, err := instantiateSQLite()
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
-	defer m.close()
+	defer sqlite.close()
 
-	ptr := m.newBytes(nil)
+	ptr := sqlite.newBytes(nil)
 	if ptr != 0 {
 		t.Errorf("got %#x, want nullptr", ptr)
 	}
 
 	buf := []byte("sqlite3")
-	ptr = m.newBytes(buf)
+	ptr = sqlite.newBytes(buf)
 	if ptr == 0 {
 		t.Fatal("got nullptr, want a pointer")
 	}
 
 	want := buf
-	if got := util.View(m.mod, ptr, uint64(len(want))); !bytes.Equal(got, want) {
+	if got := util.View(sqlite.mod, ptr, uint64(len(want))); !bytes.Equal(got, want) {
 		t.Errorf("got %q, want %q", got, want)
 	}
+
+	ptr = sqlite.newBytes(buf[:0])
+	if ptr == 0 {
+		t.Fatal("got nullptr, want a pointer")
+	}
+
+	if got := util.View(sqlite.mod, ptr, 0); got != nil {
+		t.Errorf("got %q, want nil", got)
+	}
 }
 
-func TestConn_newString(t *testing.T) {
+func Test_sqlite_newString(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 
-	m, err := instantiateModule()
+	sqlite, err := instantiateSQLite()
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
-	defer m.close()
+	defer sqlite.close()
 
-	ptr := m.newString("")
+	ptr := sqlite.newString("")
 	if ptr == 0 {
 		t.Error("got nullptr, want a pointer")
 	}
 
 	str := "sqlite3\000sqlite3"
-	ptr = m.newString(str)
+	ptr = sqlite.newString(str)
 	if ptr == 0 {
 		t.Fatal("got nullptr, want a pointer")
 	}
 
 	want := str + "\000"
-	if got := util.View(m.mod, ptr, uint64(len(want))); string(got) != want {
+	if got := util.View(sqlite.mod, ptr, uint64(len(want))); string(got) != want {
 		t.Errorf("got %q, want %q", got, want)
 	}
 }
 
-func TestConn_getString(t *testing.T) {
+func Test_sqlite_getString(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 
-	m, err := instantiateModule()
+	sqlite, err := instantiateSQLite()
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
-	defer m.close()
+	defer sqlite.close()
 
-	ptr := m.newString("")
+	ptr := sqlite.newString("")
 	if ptr == 0 {
 		t.Error("got nullptr, want a pointer")
 	}
 
 	str := "sqlite3" + "\000 drop this"
-	ptr = m.newString(str)
+	ptr = sqlite.newString(str)
 	if ptr == 0 {
 		t.Fatal("got nullptr, want a pointer")
 	}
 
 	want := "sqlite3"
-	if got := util.ReadString(m.mod, ptr, math.MaxUint32); got != want {
+	if got := util.ReadString(sqlite.mod, ptr, math.MaxUint32); got != want {
 		t.Errorf("got %q, want %q", got, want)
 	}
-	if got := util.ReadString(m.mod, ptr, 0); got != "" {
+	if got := util.ReadString(sqlite.mod, ptr, 0); got != "" {
 		t.Errorf("got %q, want empty", got)
 	}
 
 	func() {
 		defer func() { _ = recover() }()
-		util.ReadString(m.mod, ptr, uint32(len(want)/2))
+		util.ReadString(sqlite.mod, ptr, uint32(len(want)/2))
 		t.Error("want panic")
 	}()
 
 	func() {
 		defer func() { _ = recover() }()
-		util.ReadString(m.mod, 0, math.MaxUint32)
+		util.ReadString(sqlite.mod, 0, math.MaxUint32)
 		t.Error("want panic")
 	}()
 }
 
-func TestConn_free(t *testing.T) {
+func Test_sqlite_free(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 
-	m, err := instantiateModule()
+	sqlite, err := instantiateSQLite()
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
-	defer m.close()
+	defer sqlite.close()
 
-	m.free(0)
+	sqlite.free(0)
 
-	ptr := m.new(1)
+	ptr := sqlite.new(1)
 	if ptr == 0 {
 		t.Error("got nullptr, want a pointer")
 	}
 
-	m.free(ptr)
+	sqlite.free(ptr)
 }

stmt.go

@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 package sqlite3
 
 import (
+	"encoding/json"
 	"math"
+	"strconv"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/internal/util"
@@ -61,12 +63,12 @@ func (s *Stmt) ClearBindings() error {
 func (s *Stmt) Step() bool {
 	s.c.checkInterrupt()
 	r := s.c.call(s.c.api.step, uint64(s.handle))
-	if r == _ROW {
+	switch r {
+	case _ROW:
 		return true
-	}
-	if r == _DONE {
+	case _DONE:
 		s.err = nil
-	} else {
+	default:
 		s.err = s.c.error(r)
 	}
 	return false
@@ -131,10 +133,11 @@ func (s *Stmt) BindName(param int) string {
 //
 // https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/bind_blob.html
 func (s *Stmt) BindBool(param int, value bool) error {
+	var i int64
 	if value {
-		return s.BindInt64(param, 1)
+		i = 1
 	}
-	return s.BindInt64(param, 0)
+	return s.BindInt64(param, i)
 }
 
 // BindInt binds an int to the prepared statement.
@@ -234,7 +237,7 @@ func (s *Stmt) BindTime(param int, value time.Time, format TimeFormat) error {
 }
 
 func (s *Stmt) bindRFC3339Nano(param int, value time.Time) error {
-	const maxlen = uint64(len(time.RFC3339Nano))
+	const maxlen = uint64(len(time.RFC3339Nano)) + 5
 
 	ptr := s.c.new(maxlen)
 	buf := util.View(s.c.mod, ptr, maxlen)
@@ -247,6 +250,35 @@ func (s *Stmt) bindRFC3339Nano(param int, value time.Time) error {
 	return s.c.error(r)
 }
 
+// BindPointer binds a NULL to the prepared statement, just like [Stmt.BindNull],
+// but it also associates ptr with that NULL value such that it can be retrieved
+// within an application-defined SQL function using [Value.Pointer].
+//
+// https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/bind_blob.html
+func (s *Stmt) BindPointer(param int, ptr any) error {
+	valPtr := util.AddHandle(s.c.ctx, ptr)
+	r := s.c.call(s.c.api.bindPointer,
+		uint64(s.handle), uint64(param), uint64(valPtr))
+	return s.c.error(r)
+}
+
+// BindJSON binds the JSON encoding of value to the prepared statement.
+// The leftmost SQL parameter has an index of 1.
+//
+// https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/bind_blob.html
+func (s *Stmt) BindJSON(param int, value any) error {
+	data, err := json.Marshal(value)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	ptr := s.c.newBytes(data)
+	r := s.c.call(s.c.api.bindText,
+		uint64(s.handle), uint64(param),
+		uint64(ptr), uint64(len(data)),
+		uint64(s.c.api.destructor), _UTF8)
+	return s.c.error(r)
+}
+
 // ColumnCount returns the number of columns in a result set.
 //
 // https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/column_count.html
@@ -374,18 +406,7 @@ func (s *Stmt) ColumnBlob(col int, buf []byte) []byte {
 func (s *Stmt) ColumnRawText(col int) []byte {
 	r := s.c.call(s.c.api.columnText,
 		uint64(s.handle), uint64(col))
-
-	ptr := uint32(r)
-	if ptr == 0 {
-		r = s.c.call(s.c.api.errcode, uint64(s.c.handle))
-		s.err = s.c.error(r)
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	r = s.c.call(s.c.api.columnBytes,
-		uint64(s.handle), uint64(col))
-
-	return util.View(s.c.mod, ptr, r)
+	return s.columnRawBytes(col, uint32(r))
 }
 
 // ColumnRawBlob returns the value of the result column as a []byte.
@@ -397,20 +418,45 @@ func (s *Stmt) ColumnRawText(col int) []byte {
 func (s *Stmt) ColumnRawBlob(col int) []byte {
 	r := s.c.call(s.c.api.columnBlob,
 		uint64(s.handle), uint64(col))
+	return s.columnRawBytes(col, uint32(r))
+}
 
-	ptr := uint32(r)
+func (s *Stmt) columnRawBytes(col int, ptr uint32) []byte {
 	if ptr == 0 {
-		r = s.c.call(s.c.api.errcode, uint64(s.c.handle))
+		r := s.c.call(s.c.api.errcode, uint64(s.c.handle))
 		s.err = s.c.error(r)
 		return nil
 	}
 
-	r = s.c.call(s.c.api.columnBytes,
+	r := s.c.call(s.c.api.columnBytes,
 		uint64(s.handle), uint64(col))
-
 	return util.View(s.c.mod, ptr, r)
 }
 
+// ColumnJSON parses the JSON-encoded value of the result column
+// and stores it in the value pointed to by ptr.
+// The leftmost column of the result set has the index 0.
+//
+// https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/column_blob.html
+func (s *Stmt) ColumnJSON(col int, ptr any) error {
+	var data []byte
+	switch s.ColumnType(col) {
+	case NULL:
+		data = append(data, "null"...)
+	case TEXT:
+		data = s.ColumnRawText(col)
+	case BLOB:
+		data = s.ColumnRawBlob(col)
+	case INTEGER:
+		data = strconv.AppendInt(nil, s.ColumnInt64(col), 10)
+	case FLOAT:
+		data = strconv.AppendFloat(nil, s.ColumnFloat(col), 'g', -1, 64)
+	default:
+		panic(util.AssertErr())
+	}
+	return json.Unmarshal(data, ptr)
+}
+
 // Return true if stmt is an empty SQL statement.
 // This is used as an optimization.
 // It's OK to always return false here.

tests/bradfitz/sql_test.go

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ func (t params) mustExec(sql string, args ...interface{}) sql.Result {
 func (sqliteDB) RunTest(t *testing.T, fn func(params)) {
 	db, err := sql.Open("sqlite3", "file:"+
 		filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "foo.db")+
-		"?_pragma=busy_timeout(10000)&_pragma=locking_mode(normal)&_pragma=synchronous(off)")
+		"?_pragma=busy_timeout(10000)&_pragma=synchronous(off)")
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("foo.db open fail: %v", err)
 	}

tests/conn_test.go

@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ func TestConn_SetInterrupt(t *testing.T) {
 	defer stmt.Close()
 
 	db.SetInterrupt(ctx)
-	cancel()
+	go cancel()
 
 	// Interrupting works.
 	err = stmt.Exec()

tests/db_test.go

@@ -1,14 +1,20 @@
 package tests
 
 import (
+	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"testing"
 
+	_ "embed"
+
 	"github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3"
 	_ "github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/embed"
 	_ "github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/vfs/memdb"
 )
 
+//go:embed testdata/wal.db
+var waldb []byte
+
 func TestDB_memory(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 	testDB(t, ":memory:")
@@ -19,6 +25,23 @@ func TestDB_file(t *testing.T) {
 	testDB(t, filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "test.db"))
 }
 
+func TestDB_nolock(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+	testDB(t, "file:"+
+		filepath.ToSlash(filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "test.db"))+
+		"?nolock=1")
+}
+
+func TestDB_wal(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+	wal := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "test.db")
+	err := os.WriteFile(wal, waldb, 0666)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	testDB(t, wal)
+}
+
 func TestDB_vfs(t *testing.T) {
 	testDB(t, "file:test.db?vfs=memdb")
 }

tests/driver_test.go

@@ -2,10 +2,9 @@ package tests
 
 import (
 	"context"
-	"database/sql"
 	"testing"
 
-	_ "github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/driver"
+	"github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/driver"
 	_ "github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/embed"
 )
 
@@ -15,7 +14,7 @@ func TestDriver(t *testing.T) {
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
 	defer cancel()
 
-	db, err := sql.Open("sqlite3", ":memory:")
+	db, err := driver.Open(":memory:", nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}

tests/func_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,218 @@
+package tests
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3"
+	_ "github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/embed"
+)
+
+func TestCreateFunction(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	db, err := sqlite3.Open(":memory:")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer db.Close()
+
+	err = db.CreateFunction("test", 1, sqlite3.INNOCUOUS, func(ctx sqlite3.Context, arg ...sqlite3.Value) {
+		switch arg := arg[0]; arg.Int() {
+		case 0:
+			ctx.ResultInt(arg.Int())
+		case 1:
+			ctx.ResultInt64(arg.Int64())
+		case 2:
+			ctx.ResultBool(arg.Bool())
+		case 3:
+			ctx.ResultFloat(arg.Float())
+		case 4:
+			ctx.ResultText(arg.Text())
+		case 5:
+			ctx.ResultBlob(arg.Blob(nil))
+		case 6:
+			ctx.ResultZeroBlob(arg.Int64())
+		case 7:
+			ctx.ResultTime(arg.Time(sqlite3.TimeFormatUnix), sqlite3.TimeFormatDefault)
+		case 8:
+			var v any
+			if err := arg.JSON(&v); err != nil {
+				ctx.ResultError(err)
+			} else {
+				ctx.ResultJSON(v)
+			}
+		case 9:
+			ctx.ResultValue(arg)
+		case 10:
+			ctx.ResultNull()
+		case 11:
+			ctx.ResultError(sqlite3.FULL)
+		}
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	stmt, _, err := db.Prepare(`SELECT test(value) FROM generate_series(0)`)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Error(err)
+	}
+	defer stmt.Close()
+
+	if stmt.Step() {
+		if got := stmt.ColumnType(0); got != sqlite3.INTEGER {
+			t.Errorf("got %v, want INTEGER", got)
+		}
+		if got := stmt.ColumnInt(0); got != 0 {
+			t.Errorf("got %v, want 1", got)
+		}
+	}
+
+	if stmt.Step() {
+		if got := stmt.ColumnType(0); got != sqlite3.INTEGER {
+			t.Errorf("got %v, want INTEGER", got)
+		}
+		if got := stmt.ColumnInt64(0); got != 1 {
+			t.Errorf("got %v, want 2", got)
+		}
+	}
+
+	if stmt.Step() {
+		if got := stmt.ColumnType(0); got != sqlite3.INTEGER {
+			t.Errorf("got %v, want INTEGER", got)
+		}
+		if got := stmt.ColumnBool(0); got != true {
+			t.Errorf("got %v, want true", got)
+		}
+	}
+
+	if stmt.Step() {
+		if got := stmt.ColumnType(0); got != sqlite3.FLOAT {
+			t.Errorf("got %v, want FLOAT", got)
+		}
+		if got := stmt.ColumnInt64(0); got != 3 {
+			t.Errorf("got %v, want 3", got)
+		}
+	}
+
+	if stmt.Step() {
+		if got := stmt.ColumnType(0); got != sqlite3.TEXT {
+			t.Errorf("got %v, want TEXT", got)
+		}
+		if got := stmt.ColumnText(0); got != "4" {
+			t.Errorf("got %s, want 4", got)
+		}
+	}
+
+	if stmt.Step() {
+		if got := stmt.ColumnType(0); got != sqlite3.BLOB {
+			t.Errorf("got %v, want BLOB", got)
+		}
+		if got := stmt.ColumnRawBlob(0); string(got) != "5" {
+			t.Errorf("got %s, want 5", got)
+		}
+	}
+
+	if stmt.Step() {
+		if got := stmt.ColumnType(0); got != sqlite3.BLOB {
+			t.Errorf("got %v, want BLOB", got)
+		}
+		if got := stmt.ColumnRawBlob(0); len(got) != 6 {
+			t.Errorf("got %v, want 6", got)
+		}
+	}
+
+	if stmt.Step() {
+		if got := stmt.ColumnType(0); got != sqlite3.TEXT {
+			t.Errorf("got %v, want TEXT", got)
+		}
+		if got := stmt.ColumnTime(0, sqlite3.TimeFormatAuto); got.Unix() != 7 {
+			t.Errorf("got %v, want 7", got)
+		}
+	}
+
+	if stmt.Step() {
+		if got := stmt.ColumnType(0); got != sqlite3.TEXT {
+			t.Errorf("got %v, want TEXT", got)
+		}
+		var got int
+		if err := stmt.ColumnJSON(0, &got); err != nil {
+			t.Error(err)
+		} else if got != 8 {
+			t.Errorf("got %v, want 8", got)
+		}
+	}
+
+	if stmt.Step() {
+		if got := stmt.ColumnType(0); got != sqlite3.INTEGER {
+			t.Errorf("got %v, want INTEGER", got)
+		}
+		if got := stmt.ColumnInt64(0); got != 9 {
+			t.Errorf("got %v, want 9", got)
+		}
+	}
+
+	if stmt.Step() {
+		if got := stmt.ColumnType(0); got != sqlite3.NULL {
+			t.Errorf("got %v, want NULL", got)
+		}
+	}
+
+	if stmt.Step() {
+		t.Error("want error")
+	}
+	if err := stmt.Err(); !errors.Is(err, sqlite3.FULL) {
+		t.Errorf("got %v, want sqlite3.FULL", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAnyCollationNeeded(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	db, err := sqlite3.Open(":memory:")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer db.Close()
+
+	err = db.Exec(`CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS users (id INT, name VARCHAR(10))`)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	err = db.Exec(`INSERT INTO users (id, name) VALUES (0, 'go'), (1, 'zig'), (2, 'whatever')`)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	db.AnyCollationNeeded()
+
+	stmt, _, err := db.Prepare(`SELECT id, name FROM users ORDER BY name COLLATE silly`)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer stmt.Close()
+
+	row := 0
+	ids := []int{0, 2, 1}
+	names := []string{"go", "whatever", "zig"}
+	for ; stmt.Step(); row++ {
+		id := stmt.ColumnInt(0)
+		name := stmt.ColumnText(1)
+
+		if id != ids[row] {
+			t.Errorf("got %d, want %d", id, ids[row])
+		}
+		if name != names[row] {
+			t.Errorf("got %q, want %q", name, names[row])
+		}
+	}
+	if row != 3 {
+		t.Errorf("got %d, want %d", row, len(ids))
+	}
+
+	if err := stmt.Err(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+}

tests/json_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+package tests
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"math"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3"
+	"github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/driver"
+	"github.com/ncruces/julianday"
+)
+
+func TestJSON(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	db, err := driver.Open(":memory:", nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer db.Close()
+
+	_, err = db.Exec(`CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS test (col)`)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	reference := time.Date(2013, 10, 7, 4, 23, 19, 120_000_000, time.FixedZone("", -4*3600))
+
+	_, err = db.Exec(
+		`INSERT INTO test (col) VALUES (?), (?), (?), (?)`,
+		nil, 1, math.Pi, reference,
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	_, err = db.Exec(
+		`INSERT INTO test (col) VALUES (?), (?), (?), (?)`,
+		sqlite3.JSON(math.Pi), sqlite3.JSON(false),
+		julianday.Format(reference), sqlite3.JSON([]string{}))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	rows, err := db.Query("SELECT * FROM test")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	want := []string{
+		"null", "1", "3.141592653589793",
+		`"2013-10-07T04:23:19.12-04:00"`,
+		"3.141592653589793", "false",
+		"2456572.849526851851852", "[]",
+	}
+	for rows.Next() {
+		var got json.RawMessage
+		err = rows.Scan(sqlite3.JSON(&got))
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		if string(got) != want[0] {
+			t.Errorf("got %q, want %q", got, want[0])
+		}
+		want = want[1:]
+	}
+}

tests/parallel/parallel_test.go

@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@ func TestParallel(t *testing.T) {
 	name := "file:" +
 		filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "test.db") +
 		"?_pragma=busy_timeout(10000)" +
-		"&_pragma=locking_mode(normal)" +
 		"&_pragma=journal_mode(truncate)" +
 		"&_pragma=synchronous(off)"
 	testParallel(t, name, iter)
@@ -42,7 +41,6 @@ func TestMemory(t *testing.T) {
 
 	name := "file:/test.db?vfs=memdb" +
 		"&_pragma=busy_timeout(10000)" +
-		"&_pragma=locking_mode(normal)" +
 		"&_pragma=journal_mode(memory)" +
 		"&_pragma=synchronous(off)"
 	testParallel(t, name, iter)
@@ -59,7 +57,6 @@ func TestMultiProcess(t *testing.T) {
 
 	name := "file:" + file +
 		"?_pragma=busy_timeout(10000)" +
-		"&_pragma=locking_mode(normal)" +
 		"&_pragma=journal_mode(truncate)" +
 		"&_pragma=synchronous(off)"
 
@@ -93,7 +90,6 @@ func TestChildProcess(t *testing.T) {
 
 	name := "file:" + file +
 		"?_pragma=busy_timeout(10000)" +
-		"&_pragma=locking_mode(normal)" +
 		"&_pragma=journal_mode(truncate)" +
 		"&_pragma=synchronous(off)"
 
@@ -128,10 +124,7 @@ func testParallel(t *testing.T, name string, n int) {
 		}
 		defer db.Close()
 
-		err = db.Exec(`
-			PRAGMA busy_timeout=10000;
-			PRAGMA locking_mode=normal;
-		`)
+		err = db.Exec(`PRAGMA busy_timeout=10000`)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}

tests/quote_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+package tests
+
+import (
+	"math"
+	"reflect"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3"
+)
+
+func TestQuote(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		val  any
+		want string
+	}{
+		{`abc`, "'abc'"},
+		{`a"bc`, "'a\"bc'"},
+		{`a'bc`, "'a''bc'"},
+		{"\x07bc", "'\abc'"},
+		{"\x1c\n", "'\x1c\n'"},
+		{[]byte("\xB0\x00\x0B"), "x'B0000B'"},
+		{"\xB0\x00\x0B", ""},
+
+		{0, "0"},
+		{true, "1"},
+		{false, "0"},
+		{nil, "NULL"},
+		{math.NaN(), "NULL"},
+		{math.Inf(1), "9.0e999"},
+		{math.Inf(-1), "-9.0e999"},
+		{math.Pi, "3.141592653589793"},
+		{int64(math.MaxInt64), "9223372036854775807"},
+		{time.Unix(0, 0).UTC(), "'1970-01-01T00:00:00Z'"},
+		{sqlite3.ZeroBlob(4), "x'00000000'"},
+		{sqlite3.ZeroBlob(1e9), ""},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.want, func(t *testing.T) {
+			defer func() {
+				if r := recover(); r != nil && tt.want != "" {
+					t.Errorf("Quote(%q) = %v", tt.val, r)
+				}
+			}()
+
+			got := sqlite3.Quote(tt.val)
+			if !reflect.DeepEqual(got, tt.want) {
+				t.Errorf("Quote(%v) = %q, want %q", tt.val, got, tt.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestQuoteIdentifier(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		id   string
+		want string
+	}{
+		{`abc`, `"abc"`},
+		{`a"bc`, `"a""bc"`},
+		{`a'bc`, `"a'bc"`},
+		{"\x07bc", "\"\abc\""},
+		{"\x1c\n", "\"\x1c\n\""},
+		{"\xB0\x00\x0B", ""},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.want, func(t *testing.T) {
+			defer func() {
+				if r := recover(); r != nil && tt.want != "" {
+					t.Errorf("QuoteIdentifier(%q) = %v", tt.id, r)
+				}
+			}()
+
+			got := sqlite3.QuoteIdentifier(tt.id)
+			if !reflect.DeepEqual(got, tt.want) {
+				t.Errorf("QuoteIdentifier(%v) = %q, want %q", tt.id, got, tt.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

tests/stmt_test.go

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package tests
 
 import (
+	"encoding/json"
 	"math"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
@@ -81,6 +82,13 @@ func TestStmt(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 
+	if err := stmt.BindBlob(1, []byte("")); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := stmt.Exec(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
 	if err := stmt.BindBlob(1, []byte("blob")); err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
@@ -102,6 +110,13 @@ func TestStmt(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 
+	if err := stmt.BindJSON(1, true); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := stmt.Exec(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
 	if err := stmt.ClearBindings(); err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
@@ -114,7 +129,7 @@ func TestStmt(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 
-	// The table should have: 0, 1, 2, π, NULL, "", "text", "blob", NULL, "\0\0\0\0", NULL
+	// The table should have: 0, 1, 2, π, NULL, "", "text", "", "blob", NULL, "\0\0\0\0", "true", NULL
 	stmt, _, err = db.Prepare(`SELECT col FROM test`)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
@@ -140,6 +155,12 @@ func TestStmt(t *testing.T) {
 		if got := stmt.ColumnBlob(0, nil); string(got) != "0" {
 			t.Errorf("got %q, want zero", got)
 		}
+		var got int
+		if err := stmt.ColumnJSON(0, &got); err != nil {
+			t.Error(err)
+		} else if got != 0 {
+			t.Errorf("got %v, want zero", got)
+		}
 	}
 
 	if stmt.Step() {
@@ -161,6 +182,12 @@ func TestStmt(t *testing.T) {
 		if got := stmt.ColumnBlob(0, nil); string(got) != "1" {
 			t.Errorf("got %q, want one", got)
 		}
+		var got float32
+		if err := stmt.ColumnJSON(0, &got); err != nil {
+			t.Error(err)
+		} else if got != 1 {
+			t.Errorf("got %v, want one", got)
+		}
 	}
 
 	if stmt.Step() {
@@ -182,6 +209,12 @@ func TestStmt(t *testing.T) {
 		if got := stmt.ColumnBlob(0, nil); string(got) != "2" {
 			t.Errorf("got %q, want two", got)
 		}
+		var got json.Number
+		if err := stmt.ColumnJSON(0, &got); err != nil {
+			t.Error(err)
+		} else if got != "2" {
+			t.Errorf("got %v, want two", got)
+		}
 	}
 
 	if stmt.Step() {
@@ -203,6 +236,12 @@ func TestStmt(t *testing.T) {
 		if got := stmt.ColumnBlob(0, nil); string(got) != "3.14159265358979" {
 			t.Errorf("got %q, want π", got)
 		}
+		var got float64
+		if err := stmt.ColumnJSON(0, &got); err != nil {
+			t.Error(err)
+		} else if got != math.Pi {
+			t.Errorf("got %v, want π", got)
+		}
 	}
 
 	if stmt.Step() {
@@ -224,6 +263,12 @@ func TestStmt(t *testing.T) {
 		if got := stmt.ColumnBlob(0, nil); got != nil {
 			t.Errorf("got %q, want nil", got)
 		}
+		var got any = 1
+		if err := stmt.ColumnJSON(0, &got); err != nil {
+			t.Error(err)
+		} else if got != nil {
+			t.Errorf("got %v, want NULL", got)
+		}
 	}
 
 	if stmt.Step() {
@@ -245,6 +290,10 @@ func TestStmt(t *testing.T) {
 		if got := stmt.ColumnBlob(0, nil); got != nil {
 			t.Errorf("got %q, want nil", got)
 		}
+		var got any
+		if err := stmt.ColumnJSON(0, &got); err == nil {
+			t.Errorf("got %v, want error", got)
+		}
 	}
 
 	if stmt.Step() {
@@ -266,6 +315,35 @@ func TestStmt(t *testing.T) {
 		if got := stmt.ColumnBlob(0, nil); string(got) != "text" {
 			t.Errorf(`got %q, want "text"`, got)
 		}
+		var got any
+		if err := stmt.ColumnJSON(0, &got); err == nil {
+			t.Errorf("got %v, want error", got)
+		}
+	}
+
+	if stmt.Step() {
+		if got := stmt.ColumnType(0); got != sqlite3.BLOB {
+			t.Errorf("got %v, want BLOB", got)
+		}
+		if got := stmt.ColumnBool(0); got != false {
+			t.Errorf("got %v, want false", got)
+		}
+		if got := stmt.ColumnInt(0); got != 0 {
+			t.Errorf("got %v, want zero", got)
+		}
+		if got := stmt.ColumnFloat(0); got != 0 {
+			t.Errorf("got %v, want zero", got)
+		}
+		if got := stmt.ColumnText(0); got != "" {
+			t.Errorf("got %q, want empty", got)
+		}
+		if got := stmt.ColumnBlob(0, nil); got != nil {
+			t.Errorf("got %q, want nil", got)
+		}
+		var got any
+		if err := stmt.ColumnJSON(0, &got); err == nil {
+			t.Errorf("got %v, want error", got)
+		}
 	}
 
 	if stmt.Step() {
@@ -287,6 +365,10 @@ func TestStmt(t *testing.T) {
 		if got := stmt.ColumnBlob(0, nil); string(got) != "blob" {
 			t.Errorf(`got %q, want "blob"`, got)
 		}
+		var got any
+		if err := stmt.ColumnJSON(0, &got); err == nil {
+			t.Errorf("got %v, want error", got)
+		}
 	}
 
 	if stmt.Step() {
@@ -308,6 +390,12 @@ func TestStmt(t *testing.T) {
 		if got := stmt.ColumnBlob(0, nil); got != nil {
 			t.Errorf("got %q, want nil", got)
 		}
+		var got any = 1
+		if err := stmt.ColumnJSON(0, &got); err != nil {
+			t.Error(err)
+		} else if got != nil {
+			t.Errorf("got %v, want NULL", got)
+		}
 	}
 
 	if stmt.Step() {
@@ -329,6 +417,37 @@ func TestStmt(t *testing.T) {
 		if got := stmt.ColumnBlob(0, nil); string(got) != "\x00\x00\x00\x00" {
 			t.Errorf(`got %q, want "\x00\x00\x00\x00"`, got)
 		}
+		var got any
+		if err := stmt.ColumnJSON(0, &got); err == nil {
+			t.Errorf("got %v, want error", got)
+		}
+	}
+
+	if stmt.Step() {
+		if got := stmt.ColumnType(0); got != sqlite3.TEXT {
+			t.Errorf("got %v, want TEXT", got)
+		}
+		if got := stmt.ColumnBool(0); got != false {
+			t.Errorf("got %v, want false", got)
+		}
+		if got := stmt.ColumnInt(0); got != 0 {
+			t.Errorf("got %v, want zero", got)
+		}
+		if got := stmt.ColumnFloat(0); got != 0 {
+			t.Errorf("got %v, want zero", got)
+		}
+		if got := stmt.ColumnText(0); got != "true" {
+			t.Errorf("got %q, want true", got)
+		}
+		if got := stmt.ColumnBlob(0, nil); string(got) != "true" {
+			t.Errorf("got %q, want true", got)
+		}
+		var got any = 1
+		if err := stmt.ColumnJSON(0, &got); err != nil {
+			t.Error(err)
+		} else if got != true {
+			t.Errorf("got %v, want true", got)
+		}
 	}
 
 	if stmt.Step() {
@@ -350,6 +469,12 @@ func TestStmt(t *testing.T) {
 		if got := stmt.ColumnBlob(0, nil); got != nil {
 			t.Errorf("got %q, want nil", got)
 		}
+		var got any = 1
+		if err := stmt.ColumnJSON(0, &got); err != nil {
+			t.Error(err)
+		} else if got != nil {
+			t.Errorf("got %v, want NULL", got)
+		}
 	}
 
 	if err := stmt.Close(); err != nil {

tests/time_test.go

@@ -1,11 +1,13 @@
 package tests
 
 import (
+	"fmt"
 	"reflect"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3"
+	"github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/driver"
 )
 
 func TestTimeFormat_Encode(t *testing.T) {
@@ -39,70 +41,72 @@ func TestTimeFormat_Encode(t *testing.T) {
 func TestTimeFormat_Decode(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 
-	reference := time.Date(2013, 10, 7, 4, 23, 19, 120_000_000, time.FixedZone("", -4*3600))
-	refnodate := time.Date(2000, 01, 1, 4, 23, 19, 120_000_000, time.FixedZone("", -4*3600))
+	zone := time.FixedZone("", -4*3600)
+	reference := time.Date(2013, 10, 7, 4, 23, 19, 120_000_000, zone)
+	refnodate := time.Date(2000, 01, 1, 4, 23, 19, 120_000_000, zone)
 
 	tests := []struct {
 		fmt       sqlite3.TimeFormat
 		val       any
 		want      time.Time
 		wantDelta time.Duration
+		wantLoc   *time.Location
 		wantErr   bool
 	}{
-		{sqlite3.TimeFormatJulianDay, "2456572.849526851851852", reference, 0, false},
-		{sqlite3.TimeFormatJulianDay, 2456572.849526851851852, reference, time.Millisecond, false},
-		{sqlite3.TimeFormatJulianDay, int64(2456572), reference, 24 * time.Hour, false},
-		{sqlite3.TimeFormatJulianDay, false, time.Time{}, 0, true},
+		{sqlite3.TimeFormatJulianDay, "2456572.849526851851852", reference, 0, time.UTC, false},
+		{sqlite3.TimeFormatJulianDay, 2456572.849526851851852, reference, time.Millisecond, time.UTC, false},
+		{sqlite3.TimeFormatJulianDay, int64(2456572), reference, 24 * time.Hour, time.UTC, false},
+		{sqlite3.TimeFormatJulianDay, false, time.Time{}, 0, nil, true},
 
-		{sqlite3.TimeFormatUnix, "1381134199.120", reference, time.Microsecond, false},
-		{sqlite3.TimeFormatUnix, 1381134199.120, reference, time.Microsecond, false},
-		{sqlite3.TimeFormatUnix, int64(1381134199), reference, time.Second, false},
-		{sqlite3.TimeFormatUnix, "abc", time.Time{}, 0, true},
-		{sqlite3.TimeFormatUnix, false, time.Time{}, 0, true},
+		{sqlite3.TimeFormatUnix, "1381134199.120", reference, time.Microsecond, time.UTC, false},
+		{sqlite3.TimeFormatUnix, 1381134199.120, reference, time.Microsecond, time.UTC, false},
+		{sqlite3.TimeFormatUnix, int64(1381134199), reference, time.Second, time.UTC, false},
+		{sqlite3.TimeFormatUnix, "abc", time.Time{}, 0, nil, true},
+		{sqlite3.TimeFormatUnix, false, time.Time{}, 0, nil, true},
 
-		{sqlite3.TimeFormatUnixMilli, "1381134199120", reference, 0, false},
-		{sqlite3.TimeFormatUnixMilli, 1381134199.120e3, reference, 0, false},
-		{sqlite3.TimeFormatUnixMilli, int64(1381134199_120), reference, 0, false},
-		{sqlite3.TimeFormatUnixMilli, "abc", time.Time{}, 0, true},
-		{sqlite3.TimeFormatUnixMilli, false, time.Time{}, 0, true},
+		{sqlite3.TimeFormatUnixMilli, "1381134199120", reference, 0, time.UTC, false},
+		{sqlite3.TimeFormatUnixMilli, 1381134199.120e3, reference, 0, time.UTC, false},
+		{sqlite3.TimeFormatUnixMilli, int64(1381134199_120), reference, 0, time.UTC, false},
+		{sqlite3.TimeFormatUnixMilli, "abc", time.Time{}, 0, nil, true},
+		{sqlite3.TimeFormatUnixMilli, false, time.Time{}, 0, nil, true},
 
-		{sqlite3.TimeFormatUnixMicro, "1381134199120000", reference, 0, false},
-		{sqlite3.TimeFormatUnixMicro, 1381134199.120e6, reference, 0, false},
-		{sqlite3.TimeFormatUnixMicro, int64(1381134199_120000), reference, 0, false},
-		{sqlite3.TimeFormatUnixMicro, "abc", time.Time{}, 0, true},
-		{sqlite3.TimeFormatUnixMicro, false, time.Time{}, 0, true},
+		{sqlite3.TimeFormatUnixMicro, "1381134199120000", reference, 0, time.UTC, false},
+		{sqlite3.TimeFormatUnixMicro, 1381134199.120e6, reference, 0, time.UTC, false},
+		{sqlite3.TimeFormatUnixMicro, int64(1381134199_120000), reference, 0, time.UTC, false},
+		{sqlite3.TimeFormatUnixMicro, "abc", time.Time{}, 0, nil, true},
+		{sqlite3.TimeFormatUnixMicro, false, time.Time{}, 0, nil, true},
 
-		{sqlite3.TimeFormatUnixNano, "1381134199120000000", reference, 0, false},
-		{sqlite3.TimeFormatUnixNano, 1381134199.120e9, reference, 0, false},
-		{sqlite3.TimeFormatUnixNano, int64(1381134199_120000000), reference, 0, false},
-		{sqlite3.TimeFormatUnixNano, "abc", time.Time{}, 0, true},
-		{sqlite3.TimeFormatUnixNano, false, time.Time{}, 0, true},
+		{sqlite3.TimeFormatUnixNano, "1381134199120000000", reference, 0, time.UTC, false},
+		{sqlite3.TimeFormatUnixNano, 1381134199.120e9, reference, 0, time.UTC, false},
+		{sqlite3.TimeFormatUnixNano, int64(1381134199_120000000), reference, 0, time.UTC, false},
+		{sqlite3.TimeFormatUnixNano, "abc", time.Time{}, 0, nil, true},
+		{sqlite3.TimeFormatUnixNano, false, time.Time{}, 0, nil, true},
 
-		{sqlite3.TimeFormatAuto, "2456572.849526851851852", reference, time.Millisecond, false},
-		{sqlite3.TimeFormatAuto, "2456572", reference, 24 * time.Hour, false},
-		{sqlite3.TimeFormatAuto, "1381134199.120", reference, time.Microsecond, false},
-		{sqlite3.TimeFormatAuto, "1381134199.120e3", reference, time.Microsecond, false},
-		{sqlite3.TimeFormatAuto, "1381134199.120e6", reference, time.Microsecond, false},
-		{sqlite3.TimeFormatAuto, "1381134199.120e9", reference, time.Microsecond, false},
-		{sqlite3.TimeFormatAuto, "1381134199", reference, time.Second, false},
-		{sqlite3.TimeFormatAuto, "1381134199120", reference, 0, false},
-		{sqlite3.TimeFormatAuto, "1381134199120000", reference, 0, false},
-		{sqlite3.TimeFormatAuto, "1381134199120000000", reference, 0, false},
-		{sqlite3.TimeFormatAuto, "2013-10-07 04:23:19.12-04:00", reference, 0, false},
-		{sqlite3.TimeFormatAuto, "04:23:19.12-04:00", refnodate, 0, false},
-		{sqlite3.TimeFormatAuto, "abc", time.Time{}, 0, true},
-		{sqlite3.TimeFormatAuto, false, time.Time{}, 0, true},
+		{sqlite3.TimeFormatAuto, "2456572.849526851851852", reference, time.Millisecond, time.UTC, false},
+		{sqlite3.TimeFormatAuto, "2456572", reference, 24 * time.Hour, time.UTC, false},
+		{sqlite3.TimeFormatAuto, "1381134199.120", reference, time.Microsecond, time.UTC, false},
+		{sqlite3.TimeFormatAuto, "1381134199.120e3", reference, time.Microsecond, time.UTC, false},
+		{sqlite3.TimeFormatAuto, "1381134199.120e6", reference, time.Microsecond, time.UTC, false},
+		{sqlite3.TimeFormatAuto, "1381134199.120e9", reference, time.Microsecond, time.UTC, false},
+		{sqlite3.TimeFormatAuto, "1381134199", reference, time.Second, time.UTC, false},
+		{sqlite3.TimeFormatAuto, "1381134199120", reference, 0, time.UTC, false},
+		{sqlite3.TimeFormatAuto, "1381134199120000", reference, 0, time.UTC, false},
+		{sqlite3.TimeFormatAuto, "1381134199120000000", reference, 0, time.UTC, false},
+		{sqlite3.TimeFormatAuto, "2013-10-07 04:23:19.12-04:00", reference, 0, zone, false},
+		{sqlite3.TimeFormatAuto, "04:23:19.12-04:00", refnodate, 0, zone, false},
+		{sqlite3.TimeFormatAuto, "abc", time.Time{}, 0, nil, true},
+		{sqlite3.TimeFormatAuto, false, time.Time{}, 0, nil, true},
 
-		{sqlite3.TimeFormat3, "2013-10-07 04:23:19.12-04:00", reference, 0, false},
-		{sqlite3.TimeFormat3, "2013-10-07 08:23:19.12", reference, 0, false},
-		{sqlite3.TimeFormat9, "04:23:19.12-04:00", refnodate, 0, false},
-		{sqlite3.TimeFormat9, "08:23:19.12", refnodate, 0, false},
-		{sqlite3.TimeFormat3, false, time.Time{}, 0, true},
-		{sqlite3.TimeFormat9, false, time.Time{}, 0, true},
+		{sqlite3.TimeFormat3, "2013-10-07 04:23:19.12-04:00", reference, 0, zone, false},
+		{sqlite3.TimeFormat3, "2013-10-07 08:23:19.12", reference, 0, time.UTC, false},
+		{sqlite3.TimeFormat9, "04:23:19.12-04:00", refnodate, 0, zone, false},
+		{sqlite3.TimeFormat9, "08:23:19.12", refnodate, 0, time.UTC, false},
+		{sqlite3.TimeFormat3, false, time.Time{}, 0, nil, true},
+		{sqlite3.TimeFormat9, false, time.Time{}, 0, nil, true},
 
-		{sqlite3.TimeFormatDefault, "2013-10-07T04:23:19.12-04:00", reference, 0, false},
-		{sqlite3.TimeFormatDefault, "2013-10-07T08:23:19.12Z", reference, 0, false},
-		{sqlite3.TimeFormatDefault, false, time.Time{}, 0, true},
+		{sqlite3.TimeFormatDefault, "2013-10-07T04:23:19.12-04:00", reference, 0, zone, false},
+		{sqlite3.TimeFormatDefault, "2013-10-07T08:23:19.12Z", reference, 0, time.UTC, false},
+		{sqlite3.TimeFormatDefault, false, time.Time{}, 0, nil, true},
 	}
 
 	for _, tt := range tests {
@@ -112,13 +116,48 @@ func TestTimeFormat_Decode(t *testing.T) {
 				t.Errorf("%q.Decode(%v) error = %v, wantErr %v", tt.fmt, tt.val, err, tt.wantErr)
 				return
 			}
-			if tt.want.Sub(got).Abs() > tt.wantDelta {
+			if got.Sub(tt.want).Abs() > tt.wantDelta {
 				t.Errorf("%q.Decode(%v) = %v, want %v", tt.fmt, tt.val, got, tt.want)
 			}
+			if got.Location().String() != tt.wantLoc.String() {
+				t.Errorf("%q.Decode(%v) = %v, want %v", tt.fmt, tt.val, got.Location(), tt.wantLoc)
+			}
 		})
 	}
 }
 
+func TestTimeFormat_Scanner(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	db, err := driver.Open(":memory:", nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer db.Close()
+
+	_, err = db.Exec(
+		`CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS test (col)`)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	reference := time.Date(2013, 10, 7, 4, 23, 19, 120_000_000, time.FixedZone("", -4*3600))
+
+	_, err = db.Exec(`INSERT INTO test VALUES (?)`, sqlite3.TimeFormat7TZ.Encode(reference))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	var got time.Time
+	err = db.QueryRow("SELECT * FROM test").Scan(sqlite3.TimeFormatAuto.Scanner(&got))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if !got.Equal(reference) {
+		t.Errorf("got %v, want %v", got, reference)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestDB_timeCollation(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 
@@ -167,3 +206,57 @@ func TestDB_timeCollation(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 }
+
+func TestDB_isoWeek(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	tests := []time.Time{
+		time.Date(1977, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
+		time.Date(1977, 1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
+		time.Date(1977, 12, 31, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
+		time.Date(1978, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
+		time.Date(1978, 1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
+		time.Date(1978, 12, 31, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
+		time.Date(1979, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
+		time.Date(1979, 1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
+		time.Date(1979, 12, 31, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
+		time.Date(1980, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
+		time.Date(1980, 12, 28, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
+		time.Date(1980, 12, 29, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
+		time.Date(1980, 12, 30, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
+		time.Date(1980, 12, 31, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
+		time.Date(1981, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
+		time.Date(1981, 12, 31, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
+		time.Date(1982, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
+		time.Date(1982, 1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
+		time.Date(1982, 1, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
+	}
+
+	db, err := sqlite3.Open(":memory:")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer db.Close()
+
+	stmt, _, err := db.Prepare(`SELECT strftime('%G-W%V-%u', ?)`)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer stmt.Close()
+
+	for _, tm := range tests {
+		stmt.BindTime(1, tm, sqlite3.TimeFormatDefault)
+		if stmt.Step() {
+			y, w := tm.ISOWeek()
+			d := tm.Weekday()
+			if d == 0 {
+				d = 7
+			}
+			want := fmt.Sprintf("%04d-W%02d-%d", y, w, d)
+			if got := stmt.ColumnText(0); got != want {
+				t.Errorf("got %q, want %q (%v)", got, want, tm)
+			}
+		}
+		stmt.Reset()
+	}
+}

time.go

@@ -164,9 +164,9 @@ func (f TimeFormat) Decode(v any) (time.Time, error) {
 		case float64:
 			sec, frac := math.Modf(v)
 			nsec := math.Floor(frac * 1e9)
-			return time.Unix(int64(sec), int64(nsec)), nil
+			return time.Unix(int64(sec), int64(nsec)).UTC(), nil
 		case int64:
-			return time.Unix(v, 0), nil
+			return time.Unix(v, 0).UTC(), nil
 		default:
 			return time.Time{}, util.TimeErr
 		}
@@ -181,9 +181,9 @@ func (f TimeFormat) Decode(v any) (time.Time, error) {
 		}
 		switch v := v.(type) {
 		case float64:
-			return time.UnixMilli(int64(math.Floor(v))), nil
+			return time.UnixMilli(int64(math.Floor(v))).UTC(), nil
 		case int64:
-			return time.UnixMilli(int64(v)), nil
+			return time.UnixMilli(int64(v)).UTC(), nil
 		default:
 			return time.Time{}, util.TimeErr
 		}
@@ -198,9 +198,9 @@ func (f TimeFormat) Decode(v any) (time.Time, error) {
 		}
 		switch v := v.(type) {
 		case float64:
-			return time.UnixMicro(int64(math.Floor(v))), nil
+			return time.UnixMicro(int64(math.Floor(v))).UTC(), nil
 		case int64:
-			return time.UnixMicro(int64(v)), nil
+			return time.UnixMicro(int64(v)).UTC(), nil
 		default:
 			return time.Time{}, util.TimeErr
 		}
@@ -215,9 +215,9 @@ func (f TimeFormat) Decode(v any) (time.Time, error) {
 		}
 		switch v := v.(type) {
 		case float64:
-			return time.Unix(0, int64(math.Floor(v))), nil
+			return time.Unix(0, int64(math.Floor(v))).UTC(), nil
 		case int64:
-			return time.Unix(0, int64(v)), nil
+			return time.Unix(0, int64(v)).UTC(), nil
 		default:
 			return time.Time{}, util.TimeErr
 		}
@@ -238,26 +238,16 @@ func (f TimeFormat) Decode(v any) (time.Time, error) {
 			}
 
 			dates := []TimeFormat{
-				TimeFormat6TZ, TimeFormat6, TimeFormat3TZ, TimeFormat3,
-				TimeFormat5TZ, TimeFormat5, TimeFormat2TZ, TimeFormat2,
-				TimeFormat1,
+				TimeFormat9, TimeFormat8,
+				TimeFormat6, TimeFormat5,
+				TimeFormat3, TimeFormat2, TimeFormat1,
 			}
 			for _, f := range dates {
-				t, err := time.Parse(string(f), s)
+				t, err := f.Decode(s)
 				if err == nil {
 					return t, nil
 				}
 			}
-
-			times := []TimeFormat{
-				TimeFormat9TZ, TimeFormat9, TimeFormat8TZ, TimeFormat8,
-			}
-			for _, f := range times {
-				t, err := time.Parse(string(f), s)
-				if err == nil {
-					return t.AddDate(2000, 0, 0), nil
-				}
-			}
 		}
 		switch v := v.(type) {
 		case float64:
@@ -314,7 +304,10 @@ func (f TimeFormat) Decode(v any) (time.Time, error) {
 			return time.Time{}, util.TimeErr
 		}
 		t, err := f.parseRelaxed(s)
-		return t.AddDate(2000, 0, 0), err
+		if err != nil {
+			return time.Time{}, err
+		}
+		return t.AddDate(2000, 0, 0), nil
 
 	default:
 		s, ok := v.(string)
@@ -338,3 +331,20 @@ func (f TimeFormat) parseRelaxed(s string) (time.Time, error) {
 	}
 	return t, nil
 }
+
+// Scanner returns a [database/sql.Scanner] that can be used as an argument to
+// [database/sql.Row.Scan] and similar methods to
+// decode a time value into dest using this format.
+func (f TimeFormat) Scanner(dest *time.Time) interface{ Scan(any) error } {
+	return timeScanner{dest, f}
+}
+
+type timeScanner struct {
+	*time.Time
+	TimeFormat
+}
+
+func (s timeScanner) Scan(src any) (err error) {
+	*s.Time, err = s.Decode(src)
+	return
+}

tx.go

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import (
 	"math/rand"
 	"runtime"
 	"strconv"
+	"strings"
 )
 
 // Tx is an in-progress database transaction.
@@ -119,17 +120,8 @@ type Savepoint struct {
 //
 // https://www.sqlite.org/lang_savepoint.html
 func (c *Conn) Savepoint() Savepoint {
-	name := "sqlite3.Savepoint"
-	var pc [1]uintptr
-	if n := runtime.Callers(2, pc[:]); n > 0 {
-		frames := runtime.CallersFrames(pc[:n])
-		frame, _ := frames.Next()
-		if frame.Function != "" {
-			name = frame.Function
-		}
-	}
 	// Names can be reused; this makes catching bugs more likely.
-	name += "#" + strconv.Itoa(int(rand.Int31()))
+	name := saveptName() + "_" + strconv.Itoa(int(rand.Int31()))
 
 	err := c.txExecInterrupted(fmt.Sprintf("SAVEPOINT %q;", name))
 	if err != nil {
@@ -138,6 +130,27 @@ func (c *Conn) Savepoint() Savepoint {
 	return Savepoint{c: c, name: name}
 }
 
+func saveptName() (name string) {
+	defer func() {
+		if name == "" {
+			name = "sqlite3.Savepoint"
+		}
+	}()
+
+	var pc [8]uintptr
+	n := runtime.Callers(3, pc[:])
+	if n <= 0 {
+		return ""
+	}
+	frames := runtime.CallersFrames(pc[:n])
+	frame, more := frames.Next()
+	for more && (strings.HasPrefix(frame.Function, "database/sql.") ||
+		strings.HasPrefix(frame.Function, "github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/driver.")) {
+		frame, more = frames.Next()
+	}
+	return frame.Function
+}
+
 // Release releases the savepoint rolling back any changes
 // if *error points to a non-nil error.
 //

value.go

@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+package sqlite3
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"math"
+	"strconv"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/internal/util"
+)
+
+// Value is any value that can be stored in a database table.
+//
+// https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/value.html
+type Value struct {
+	*sqlite
+	handle uint32
+}
+
+// Type returns the initial [Datatype] of the value.
+//
+// https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/value_blob.html
+func (v Value) Type() Datatype {
+	r := v.call(v.api.valueType, uint64(v.handle))
+	return Datatype(r)
+}
+
+// Bool returns the value as a bool.
+// SQLite does not have a separate boolean storage class.
+// Instead, boolean values are retrieved as integers,
+// with 0 converted to false and any other value to true.
+//
+// https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/value_blob.html
+func (v Value) Bool() bool {
+	if i := v.Int64(); i != 0 {
+		return true
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// Int returns the value as an int.
+//
+// https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/value_blob.html
+func (v Value) Int() int {
+	return int(v.Int64())
+}
+
+// Int64 returns the value as an int64.
+//
+// https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/value_blob.html
+func (v Value) Int64() int64 {
+	r := v.call(v.api.valueInteger, uint64(v.handle))
+	return int64(r)
+}
+
+// Float returns the value as a float64.
+//
+// https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/value_blob.html
+func (v Value) Float() float64 {
+	r := v.call(v.api.valueFloat, uint64(v.handle))
+	return math.Float64frombits(r)
+}
+
+// Time returns the value as a [time.Time].
+//
+// https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/value_blob.html
+func (v Value) Time(format TimeFormat) time.Time {
+	var a any
+	switch v.Type() {
+	case INTEGER:
+		a = v.Int64()
+	case FLOAT:
+		a = v.Float()
+	case TEXT, BLOB:
+		a = v.Text()
+	case NULL:
+		return time.Time{}
+	default:
+		panic(util.AssertErr())
+	}
+	t, _ := format.Decode(a)
+	return t
+}
+
+// Text returns the value as a string.
+//
+// https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/value_blob.html
+func (v Value) Text() string {
+	return string(v.RawText())
+}
+
+// Blob appends to buf and returns
+// the value as a []byte.
+//
+// https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/value_blob.html
+func (v Value) Blob(buf []byte) []byte {
+	return append(buf, v.RawBlob()...)
+}
+
+// RawText returns the value as a []byte.
+// The []byte is owned by SQLite and may be invalidated by
+// subsequent calls to [Value] methods.
+//
+// https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/value_blob.html
+func (v Value) RawText() []byte {
+	r := v.call(v.api.valueText, uint64(v.handle))
+	return v.rawBytes(uint32(r))
+}
+
+// RawBlob returns the value as a []byte.
+// The []byte is owned by SQLite and may be invalidated by
+// subsequent calls to [Value] methods.
+//
+// https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/value_blob.html
+func (v Value) RawBlob() []byte {
+	r := v.call(v.api.valueBlob, uint64(v.handle))
+	return v.rawBytes(uint32(r))
+}
+
+func (v Value) rawBytes(ptr uint32) []byte {
+	if ptr == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	r := v.call(v.api.valueBytes, uint64(v.handle))
+	return util.View(v.mod, ptr, r)
+}
+
+// Pointer gets the pointer associated with this value,
+// or nil if it has no associated pointer.
+func (v Value) Pointer() any {
+	r := v.call(v.api.valuePointer, uint64(v.handle))
+	return util.GetHandle(v.ctx, uint32(r))
+}
+
+// JSON parses a JSON-encoded value
+// and stores the result in the value pointed to by ptr.
+func (v Value) JSON(ptr any) error {
+	var data []byte
+	switch v.Type() {
+	case NULL:
+		data = append(data, "null"...)
+	case TEXT:
+		data = v.RawText()
+	case BLOB:
+		data = v.RawBlob()
+	case INTEGER:
+		data = strconv.AppendInt(nil, v.Int64(), 10)
+	case FLOAT:
+		data = strconv.AppendFloat(nil, v.Float(), 'g', -1, 64)
+	default:
+		panic(util.AssertErr())
+	}
+	return json.Unmarshal(data, ptr)
+}

vfs/README.md

@@ -2,8 +2,6 @@
 
 This package implements the SQLite [OS Interface](https://www.sqlite.org/vfs.html) (aka VFS).
 
-It replaces the default VFS with a pure Go implementation,
-that is tested on Linux, macOS and Windows,
-but which should also work on illumos and the various BSDs.
+It replaces the default SQLite VFS with a pure Go implementation.
 
 It also exposes interfaces that should allow you to implement your own custom VFSes.

vfs/api.go

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ type VFS interface {
 	FullPathname(name string) (string, error)
 }
 
-// VFSParams extends VFS to with the ability to handle URI parameters
+// VFSParams extends VFS with the ability to handle URI parameters
 // through the OpenParams method.
 //
 // https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/uri_boolean.html
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ type File interface {
 // FileLockState extends File to implement the
 // SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE file control opcode.
 //
-// https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html
+// https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html#sqlitefcntllockstate
 type FileLockState interface {
 	File
 	LockState() LockLevel
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ type FileLockState interface {
 // FileSizeHint extends File to implement the
 // SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT file control opcode.
 //
-// https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html
+// https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html#sqlitefcntlsizehint
 type FileSizeHint interface {
 	File
 	SizeHint(size int64) error
@@ -65,16 +65,25 @@ type FileSizeHint interface {
 // FileHasMoved extends File to implement the
 // SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED file control opcode.
 //
-// https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html
+// https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html#sqlitefcntlhasmoved
 type FileHasMoved interface {
 	File
 	HasMoved() (bool, error)
 }
 
+// FileOverwrite extends File to implement the
+// SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE file control opcode.
+//
+// https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html#sqlitefcntloverwrite
+type FileOverwrite interface {
+	File
+	Overwrite() error
+}
+
 // FilePowersafeOverwrite extends File to implement the
 // SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE file control opcode.
 //
-// https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html
+// https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html#sqlitefcntlpowersafeoverwrite
 type FilePowersafeOverwrite interface {
 	File
 	PowersafeOverwrite() bool
@@ -84,7 +93,7 @@ type FilePowersafeOverwrite interface {
 // FilePowersafeOverwrite extends File to implement the
 // SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO file control opcode.
 //
-// https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html
+// https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html#sqlitefcntlcommitphasetwo
 type FileCommitPhaseTwo interface {
 	File
 	CommitPhaseTwo() error
@@ -94,7 +103,7 @@ type FileCommitPhaseTwo interface {
 // SQLITE_FCNTL_BEGIN_ATOMIC_WRITE, SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE
 // and SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE file control opcodes.
 //
-// https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html
+// https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/c_fcntl_begin_atomic_write.html#sqlitefcntlbeginatomicwrite
 type FileBatchAtomicWrite interface {
 	File
 	BeginAtomicWrite() error

vfs/clear.go

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+//go:build !go1.21
+
+package vfs
+
+func clear(b []byte) {
+	for i := range b {
+		b[i] = 0
+	}
+}

vfs/file.go

@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ import (
 	"path/filepath"
 	"runtime"
 	"syscall"
-	"time"
 )
 
 type vfsOS struct{}
@@ -124,11 +123,10 @@ func (vfsOS) OpenParams(name string, flags OpenFlag, params url.Values) (File, O
 
 type vfsFile struct {
 	*os.File
-	lockTimeout time.Duration
-	lock        LockLevel
-	psow        bool
-	syncDir     bool
-	readOnly    bool
+	lock     LockLevel
+	psow     bool
+	syncDir  bool
+	readOnly bool
 }
 
 var (

vfs/lock.go

@@ -1,11 +1,6 @@
 package vfs
 
-import (
-	"os"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/internal/util"
-)
+import "github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/internal/util"
 
 const (
 	_PENDING_BYTE  = 0x40000000
@@ -48,7 +43,7 @@ func (f *vfsFile) Lock(lock LockLevel) error {
 		if f.lock != LOCK_NONE {
 			panic(util.AssertErr())
 		}
-		if rc := osGetSharedLock(f.File, f.lockTimeout); rc != _OK {
+		if rc := osGetSharedLock(f.File); rc != _OK {
 			return rc
 		}
 		f.lock = LOCK_SHARED
@@ -59,7 +54,7 @@ func (f *vfsFile) Lock(lock LockLevel) error {
 		if f.lock != LOCK_SHARED {
 			panic(util.AssertErr())
 		}
-		if rc := osGetReservedLock(f.File, f.lockTimeout); rc != _OK {
+		if rc := osGetReservedLock(f.File); rc != _OK {
 			return rc
 		}
 		f.lock = LOCK_RESERVED
@@ -77,7 +72,7 @@ func (f *vfsFile) Lock(lock LockLevel) error {
 			}
 			f.lock = LOCK_PENDING
 		}
-		if rc := osGetExclusiveLock(f.File, f.lockTimeout); rc != _OK {
+		if rc := osGetExclusiveLock(f.File); rc != _OK {
 			return rc
 		}
 		f.lock = LOCK_EXCLUSIVE
@@ -133,18 +128,3 @@ func (f *vfsFile) CheckReservedLock() (bool, error) {
 	}
 	return osCheckReservedLock(f.File)
 }
-
-func osGetReservedLock(file *os.File, timeout time.Duration) _ErrorCode {
-	// Acquire the RESERVED lock.
-	return osWriteLock(file, _RESERVED_BYTE, 1, timeout)
-}
-
-func osGetPendingLock(file *os.File) _ErrorCode {
-	// Acquire the PENDING lock.
-	return osWriteLock(file, _PENDING_BYTE, 1, 0)
-}
-
-func osCheckReservedLock(file *os.File) (bool, _ErrorCode) {
-	// Test the RESERVED lock.
-	return osCheckLock(file, _RESERVED_BYTE, 1)
-}

vfs/lock_test.go

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
-	"runtime"
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/ncruces/go-sqlite3/internal/util"
@@ -12,13 +11,6 @@ import (
 )
 
 func Test_vfsLock(t *testing.T) {
-	switch runtime.GOOS {
-	case "linux", "darwin", "windows":
-		break
-	default:
-		t.Skip("OS lacks OFD locks")
-	}
-
 	name := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "test.db")
 
 	// Create a temporary file.
@@ -41,8 +33,7 @@ func Test_vfsLock(t *testing.T) {
 		pOutput = 32
 	)
 	mod := wazerotest.NewModule(wazerotest.NewMemory(wazerotest.PageSize))
-	ctx, vfs := NewContext(context.TODO())
-	defer vfs.Close()
+	ctx := util.NewContext(context.TODO())
 
 	vfsFileRegister(ctx, mod, pFile1, &vfsFile{File: file1})
 	vfsFileRegister(ctx, mod, pFile2, &vfsFile{File: file2})
@@ -212,9 +203,4 @@ func Test_vfsLock(t *testing.T) {
 	if got := util.ReadUint32(mod, pOutput); got != uint32(LOCK_SHARED) {
 		t.Error("invalid lock state", got)
 	}
-
-	rc = vfsFileControl(ctx, mod, pFile1, _FCNTL_LOCK_TIMEOUT, 1)
-	if rc != _OK {
-		t.Fatal("returned", rc)
-	}
 }

vfs/memdb/clear.go

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+//go:build !go1.21
+
+package memdb
+
+func clear[T any](b []T) {
+	var zero T
+	for i := range b {
+		b[i] = zero
+	}
+}

vfs/memdb/memdb.go

@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ func (m *memFile) WriteAt(b []byte, off int64) (n int, err error) {
 	n = copy((*m.data[base])[rest:], b)
 	if n < len(b) {
 		// Assume writes are page aligned.
-		return 0, io.ErrShortWrite
+		return n, io.ErrShortWrite
 	}
 	if size := off + int64(len(b)); size > m.size {
 		m.size = size
@@ -176,6 +176,8 @@ func (m *memFile) Size() (int64, error) {
 	return m.size, nil
 }
 
+const spinWait = 25 * time.Microsecond
+
 func (m *memFile) Lock(lock vfs.LockLevel) error {
 	if m.lock >= lock {
 		return nil
@@ -187,17 +189,11 @@ func (m *memFile) Lock(lock vfs.LockLevel) error {
 
 	m.lockMtx.Lock()
 	defer m.lockMtx.Unlock()
-	deadline := time.Now().Add(time.Millisecond)
 
 	switch lock {
 	case vfs.LOCK_SHARED:
-		for m.pending != nil {
-			if time.Now().After(deadline) {
-				return sqlite3.BUSY
-			}
-			m.lockMtx.Unlock()
-			runtime.Gosched()
-			m.lockMtx.Lock()
+		if m.pending != nil {
+			return sqlite3.BUSY
 		}
 		m.shared++
 
@@ -216,8 +212,8 @@ func (m *memFile) Lock(lock vfs.LockLevel) error {
 			m.pending = m
 		}
 
-		for m.shared > 1 {
-			if time.Now().After(deadline) {
+		for before := time.Now(); m.shared > 1; {
+			if time.Since(before) > spinWait {
 				return sqlite3.BUSY
 			}
 			m.lockMtx.Unlock()
@@ -291,10 +287,3 @@ func divRoundUp(a, b int64) int64 {
 func modRoundUp(a, b int64) int64 {
 	return b - (b-a%b)%b
 }
-
-func clear[T any](b []T) {
-	var zero T
-	for i := range b {
-		b[i] = zero
-	}
-}

vfs/os_bsd.go

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-//go:build freebsd || openbsd || netbsd || dragonfly || (darwin && sqlite3_bsd)
+//go:build (freebsd || openbsd || netbsd || dragonfly || sqlite3_flock) && !sqlite3_nosys
 
 package vfs
 
@@ -20,16 +20,16 @@ func osUnlock(file *os.File, start, len int64) _ErrorCode {
 }
 
 func osLock(file *os.File, how int, timeout time.Duration, def _ErrorCode) _ErrorCode {
+	before := time.Now()
 	var err error
 	for {
 		err = unix.Flock(int(file.Fd()), how)
 		if errno, _ := err.(unix.Errno); errno != unix.EAGAIN {
 			break
 		}
-		if timeout < time.Millisecond {
+		if timeout <= 0 || timeout < time.Since(before) {
 			break
 		}
-		timeout -= time.Millisecond
 		time.Sleep(time.Millisecond)
 	}
 	return osLockErrorCode(err, def)

vfs/os_darwin.go

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-//go:build !sqlite3_bsd
+//go:build !sqlite3_flock && !sqlite3_nosys
 
 package vfs
 

vfs/os_linux.go

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+//go:build !sqlite3_nosys
+
 package vfs
 
 import (