docs(did): re-fix typo RE coercion of secp256k1 public keys

did: simplify public API, add missing required algorithms

.github/workflows/bench.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+name: go continuous benchmark
+on:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - v1
+
+permissions:
+  contents: write
+  deployments: write
+
+jobs:
+  benchmark:
+    name: Run Go continuous benchmark
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/setup-go@v4
+        with:
+          go-version: "stable"
+      - name: Run benchmark
+        run: go test -v ./... -bench=. -run=xxx -benchmem | tee output.txt
+
+      - name: Store benchmark result
+        uses: benchmark-action/github-action-benchmark@v1
+        with:
+          name: Go Benchmark
+          tool: 'go'
+          output-file-path: output.txt
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          # Push and deploy GitHub pages branch automatically
+          auto-push: true
+          # Show alert with commit comment on detecting possible performance regression
+          alert-threshold: '200%'
+          comment-on-alert: true

.github/workflows/gotest.yml

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ jobs:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
         os: [ "ubuntu" ]
-        go: [ "1.21.x", "1.22.x", "1.23.x", ]
+        go: [ "1.22.x", "1.23.x", ]
     env:
       COVERAGES: ""
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}-latest
@@ -22,6 +22,6 @@ jobs:
           go version
           go env
       - name: Run tests
-        run: go test -v ./...
+        run: go test -v ./... -tags jwx_es256k
       - name: Check formatted
         run: gofmt -l .

LICENSE.md

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ Verbatim copies of both licenses are included below:
 ```
                                  Apache License
                            Version 2.0, January 2004
-                        http://www.apache.org/licenses/
+                        https://www.apache.org/licenses/
 
    TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION
 

did/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+## did
+
+### Testing
+
+The test suite for this package includes test vectors provided by the
+authors of the [`did:key` method specification](https://w3c-ccg.github.io/did-method-key/).
+Some of these tests provide the public key associated with a `did:key`
+as JWKs and an extra (test-only) dependency has been added to unmarshal
+the JWK into a Go `struct`.  Support for the `secp256k1` encryption
+algorithm is experimental (but stable in my experience) and requires the
+addition of the following build tag to properly run:
+
+```
+// go:build jwx_es256k
+```
+
+WARNING: These tests will not run by default!
+
+To include these tests from the CLI, execute the following command:
+
+```
+go test -v ./did -tags jwx_es256k
+```
+
+It should also be possible to configure your IDE to run these tests.  For
+instance, in Codium, add the following JSON snippet to your local project
+configuration:
+
+```
+"go.testTags": "jwx_es256k",
+```

did/crypto.go

@@ -1,43 +1,171 @@
 package did
 
 import (
+	"crypto/ecdsa"
+	"crypto/elliptic"
+	"crypto/rand"
+	"crypto/rsa"
+	"crypto/x509"
 	"errors"
+	"fmt"
 
+	"github.com/decred/dcrd/dcrec/secp256k1/v4"
 	crypto "github.com/libp2p/go-libp2p/core/crypto"
 	"github.com/libp2p/go-libp2p/core/crypto/pb"
 	"github.com/multiformats/go-multicodec"
 	"github.com/multiformats/go-varint"
 )
 
+// GenerateEd25519 generates an Ed25519 private key and the matching DID.
+// This is the RECOMMENDED algorithm.
+func GenerateEd25519() (crypto.PrivKey, DID, error) {
+	priv, pub, err := crypto.GenerateEd25519Key(rand.Reader)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, Undef, nil
+	}
+	did, err := FromPubKey(pub)
+	return priv, did, err
+}
+
+// GenerateRSA generates a RSA private key and the matching DID.
+func GenerateRSA() (crypto.PrivKey, DID, error) {
+	// NIST Special Publication 800-57 Part 1 Revision 5
+	// Section 5.6.1.1 (Table 2)
+	// Paraphrased: 2048-bit RSA keys are secure until 2030 and 3072-bit keys are recommended for longer-term security.
+	const keyLength = 3072
+
+	priv, pub, err := crypto.GenerateRSAKeyPair(keyLength, rand.Reader)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, Undef, nil
+	}
+	did, err := FromPubKey(pub)
+	return priv, did, err
+}
+
+// GenerateEd25519 generates a Secp256k1 private key and the matching DID.
+func GenerateSecp256k1() (crypto.PrivKey, DID, error) {
+	priv, pub, err := crypto.GenerateSecp256k1Key(rand.Reader)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, Undef, nil
+	}
+	did, err := FromPubKey(pub)
+	return priv, did, err
+}
+
+// GenerateECDSA generates an ECDSA private key and the matching DID
+// for the default P256 curve.
+func GenerateECDSA() (crypto.PrivKey, DID, error) {
+	return GenerateECDSAWithCurve(P256)
+}
+
+// GenerateECDSAWithCurve generates an ECDSA private key and matching
+// DID for the user-supplied curve
+func GenerateECDSAWithCurve(code multicodec.Code) (crypto.PrivKey, DID, error) {
+	var curve elliptic.Curve
+
+	switch code {
+	case P256:
+		curve = elliptic.P256()
+	case P384:
+		curve = elliptic.P384()
+	case P521:
+		curve = elliptic.P521()
+	default:
+		return nil, Undef, errors.New("unsupported ECDSA curve")
+	}
+
+	priv, pub, err := crypto.GenerateECDSAKeyPairWithCurve(curve, rand.Reader)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, Undef, err
+	}
+
+	did, err := FromPubKey(pub)
+
+	return priv, did, err
+}
+
+// FromPrivKey is a convenience function that returns the DID associated
+// with the public key associated with the provided private key.
 func FromPrivKey(privKey crypto.PrivKey) (DID, error) {
 	return FromPubKey(privKey.GetPublic())
 }
 
+// FromPubKey returns a did:key constructed from the provided public key.
 func FromPubKey(pubKey crypto.PubKey) (DID, error) {
-	code, ok := map[pb.KeyType]multicodec.Code{
-		pb.KeyType_Ed25519:   multicodec.Ed25519Pub,
-		pb.KeyType_RSA:       multicodec.RsaPub,
-		pb.KeyType_Secp256k1: multicodec.Secp256k1Pub,
-		pb.KeyType_ECDSA:     multicodec.Es256,
-	}[pubKey.Type()]
-	if !ok {
-		return Undef, errors.New("Blah")
+	var code multicodec.Code
+
+	switch pubKey.Type() {
+	case pb.KeyType_Ed25519:
+		code = multicodec.Ed25519Pub
+	case pb.KeyType_RSA:
+		code = RSA
+	case pb.KeyType_Secp256k1:
+		code = Secp256k1
+	case pb.KeyType_ECDSA:
+		var err error
+		if code, err = codeForCurve(pubKey); err != nil {
+			return Undef, err
+		}
+	default:
+		return Undef, errors.New("unsupported key type")
 	}
 
-	buf := varint.ToUvarint(uint64(code))
+	if pubKey.Type() == pb.KeyType_ECDSA && code == Secp256k1 {
+		var err error
 
-	pubBytes, err := pubKey.Raw()
-	if err != nil {
-		return Undef, err
+		pubKey, err = coerceECDSAToSecp256k1(pubKey)
+		if err != nil {
+			return Undef, err
+		}
+	}
+
+	var bytes []byte
+
+	switch pubKey.Type() {
+	case pb.KeyType_ECDSA:
+		pkix, err := pubKey.Raw()
+		if err != nil {
+			return Undef, err
+		}
+
+		publicKey, err := x509.ParsePKIXPublicKey(pkix)
+		if err != nil {
+			return Undef, err
+		}
+
+		ecdsaPublicKey := publicKey.(*ecdsa.PublicKey)
+
+		bytes = elliptic.MarshalCompressed(ecdsaPublicKey.Curve, ecdsaPublicKey.X, ecdsaPublicKey.Y)
+	case pb.KeyType_Ed25519, pb.KeyType_Secp256k1:
+		var err error
+
+		if bytes, err = pubKey.Raw(); err != nil {
+			return Undef, err
+		}
+	case pb.KeyType_RSA:
+		var err error
+
+		pkix, err := pubKey.Raw()
+		if err != nil {
+			return Undef, err
+		}
+
+		publicKey, err := x509.ParsePKIXPublicKey(pkix)
+		if err != nil {
+			return Undef, err
+		}
+
+		bytes = x509.MarshalPKCS1PublicKey(publicKey.(*rsa.PublicKey))
 	}
 
 	return DID{
-		str:  string(append(buf, pubBytes...)),
-		code: uint64(code),
-		key:  true,
+		code:  code,
+		bytes: string(append(varint.ToUvarint(uint64(code)), bytes...)),
 	}, nil
 }
 
+// ToPubKey returns the crypto.PubKey encapsulated in the DID formed by
+// parsing the provided string.
 func ToPubKey(s string) (crypto.PubKey, error) {
 	id, err := Parse(s)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -46,3 +174,58 @@ func ToPubKey(s string) (crypto.PubKey, error) {
 
 	return id.PubKey()
 }
+
+func codeForCurve(pubKey crypto.PubKey) (multicodec.Code, error) {
+	stdPub, err := crypto.PubKeyToStdKey(pubKey)
+	if err != nil {
+		return multicodec.Identity, err
+	}
+
+	ecdsaPub, ok := stdPub.(*ecdsa.PublicKey)
+	if !ok {
+		return multicodec.Identity, errors.New("failed to assert type for code to curve")
+	}
+
+	switch ecdsaPub.Curve {
+	case elliptic.P256():
+		return P256, nil
+	case elliptic.P384():
+		return P384, nil
+	case elliptic.P521():
+		return P521, nil
+	case secp256k1.S256():
+		return Secp256k1, nil
+	default:
+		return multicodec.Identity, fmt.Errorf("unsupported ECDSA curve: %s", ecdsaPub.Curve.Params().Name)
+	}
+}
+
+// secp256k1.S256 is a valid ECDSA curve, but the go-libp2p/core/crypto
+// package treats it as a different type and has a different format for
+// the raw bytes of the public key.
+//
+// If a valid ECDSA public key was created using the secp256k1.S256 curve,
+// this function will "convert" it from a crypto.ECDSAPubKey to a
+// crypto.Secp256k1PublicKey.
+func coerceECDSAToSecp256k1(pubKey crypto.PubKey) (crypto.PubKey, error) {
+	stdPub, err := crypto.PubKeyToStdKey(pubKey)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	ecdsaPub, ok := stdPub.(*ecdsa.PublicKey)
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, errors.New("failed to assert type for secp256k1 coersion")
+	}
+
+	ecdsaPubBytes := append([]byte{0x04}, append(ecdsaPub.X.Bytes(), ecdsaPub.Y.Bytes()...)...)
+
+	secp256k1Pub, err := secp256k1.ParsePubKey(ecdsaPubBytes)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	cryptoPub := crypto.Secp256k1PublicKey(*secp256k1Pub)
+
+	return &cryptoPub, nil
+}

did/crypto_test.go

@@ -1,10 +1,17 @@
 package did_test
 
 import (
+	"crypto/elliptic"
+	"crypto/rand"
 	"testing"
 
+	"github.com/decred/dcrd/dcrec/secp256k1/v4"
 	"github.com/libp2p/go-libp2p/core/crypto"
+	"github.com/libp2p/go-libp2p/core/crypto/pb"
+	"github.com/multiformats/go-multicodec"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
 	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/did"
 )
 
@@ -16,9 +23,59 @@ const (
 func TestFromPubKey(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 
-	id, err := did.FromPubKey(examplePubKey(t))
+	_, ecdsaP256, err := crypto.GenerateECDSAKeyPairWithCurve(elliptic.P256(), rand.Reader)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.Equal(t, exampleDID(t), id)
+	_, ecdsaP384, err := crypto.GenerateECDSAKeyPairWithCurve(elliptic.P384(), rand.Reader)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	_, ecdsaP521, err := crypto.GenerateECDSAKeyPairWithCurve(elliptic.P521(), rand.Reader)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	_, ecdsaSecp256k1, err := crypto.GenerateECDSAKeyPairWithCurve(secp256k1.S256(), rand.Reader)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	_, ed25519, err := crypto.GenerateEd25519Key(rand.Reader)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	_, rsa, err := crypto.GenerateRSAKeyPair(2048, rand.Reader)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	_, secp256k1PubKey1, err := crypto.GenerateSecp256k1Key(rand.Reader)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	test := func(pub crypto.PubKey, code multicodec.Code) func(t *testing.T) {
+		t.Helper()
+
+		return func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Parallel()
+
+			id, err := did.FromPubKey(pub)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			p, err := id.PubKey()
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			assert.Equal(t, pub, p)
+		}
+	}
+
+	t.Run("ECDSA with P256 curve", test(ecdsaP256, did.P256))
+	t.Run("ECDSA with P384 curve", test(ecdsaP384, did.P384))
+	t.Run("ECDSA with P521 curve", test(ecdsaP521, did.P521))
+	t.Run("Ed25519", test(ed25519, did.Ed25519))
+	t.Run("RSA", test(rsa, did.RSA))
+	t.Run("secp256k1", test(secp256k1PubKey1, did.Secp256k1))
+
+	t.Run("ECDSA with secp256k1 curve (coerced)", func(t *testing.T) {
+		t.Parallel()
+
+		id, err := did.FromPubKey(ecdsaSecp256k1)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		p, err := id.PubKey()
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, pb.KeyType_Secp256k1, p.Type())
+	})
+
+	t.Run("unmarshaled example key (secp256k1)", func(t *testing.T) {
+		t.Parallel()
+
+		id, err := did.FromPubKey(examplePubKey(t))
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, exampleDID(t), id)
+	})
 }
 
 func TestToPubKey(t *testing.T) {

did/did.go

@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
 package did
 
 import (
+	"crypto/ecdsa"
+	"crypto/elliptic"
+	"crypto/x509"
 	"fmt"
 	"strings"
 
@@ -10,109 +13,128 @@ import (
 	varint "github.com/multiformats/go-varint"
 )
 
-const Prefix = "did:"
-const KeyPrefix = "did:key:"
-
-const DIDCore = 0x0d1d
-const Ed25519 = 0xed
-const RSA = uint64(multicodec.RsaPub)
-
-var MethodOffset = varint.UvarintSize(uint64(DIDCore))
-
+// Signature algorithms from the [did:key specification]
 //
-// [did:key format]: https://w3c-ccg.github.io/did-method-key/
-type DID struct {
-	key  bool
-	code uint64
-	str  string
-}
+// [did:key specification]: https://w3c-ccg.github.io/did-method-key/#signature-method-creation-algorithm
+const (
+	X25519    = multicodec.X25519Pub
+	Ed25519   = multicodec.Ed25519Pub // UCAN required/recommended
+	P256      = multicodec.P256Pub    // UCAN required
+	P384      = multicodec.P384Pub
+	P521      = multicodec.P521Pub
+	Secp256k1 = multicodec.Secp256k1Pub // UCAN required
+	RSA       = multicodec.RsaPub
+)
 
 // Undef can be used to represent a nil or undefined DID, using DID{}
 // directly is also acceptable.
 var Undef = DID{}
 
-func (d DID) Defined() bool {
-	return d.str != ""
+// DID is a Decentralized Identifier of the did:key type, directly holding a cryptographic public key.
+// [did:key format]: https://w3c-ccg.github.io/did-method-key/
+type DID struct {
+	code  multicodec.Code
+	bytes string // as string instead of []byte to allow the == operator
 }
 
-func (d DID) Bytes() []byte {
-	if !d.Defined() {
-		return nil
-	}
-	return []byte(d.str)
-}
+// Parse returns the DID from the string representation or an error if
+// the prefix and method are incorrect, if an unknown encryption algorithm
+// is specified or if the method-specific-identifier's bytes don't
+// represent a public key for the specified encryption algorithm.
+func Parse(str string) (DID, error) {
+	const keyPrefix = "did:key:"
 
-func (d DID) Code() uint64 {
-	return d.code
-}
-
-func (d DID) DID() DID {
-	return d
-}
-
-func (d DID) Key() bool {
-	return d.key
-}
-
-func (d DID) PubKey() (crypto.PubKey, error) {
-	if !d.key {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unsupported did type: %s", d.String())
+	if !strings.HasPrefix(str, keyPrefix) {
+		return Undef, fmt.Errorf("must start with 'did:key'")
 	}
 
-	unmarshaler, ok := map[multicodec.Code]crypto.PubKeyUnmarshaller{
-		multicodec.Ed25519Pub:   crypto.UnmarshalEd25519PublicKey,
-		multicodec.RsaPub:       crypto.UnmarshalRsaPublicKey,
-		multicodec.Secp256k1Pub: crypto.UnmarshalSecp256k1PublicKey,
-		multicodec.Es256:        crypto.UnmarshalECDSAPublicKey,
-	}[multicodec.Code(d.code)]
-	if !ok {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unsupported multicodec: %d", d.code)
+	baseCodec, bytes, err := mbase.Decode(str[len(keyPrefix):])
+	if err != nil {
+		return Undef, err
 	}
-
-	return unmarshaler(d.Bytes()[varint.UvarintSize(d.code):])
-}
-
-// String formats the decentralized identity document (DID) as a string.
-func (d DID) String() string {
-	if d.key {
-		key, _ := mbase.Encode(mbase.Base58BTC, []byte(d.str))
-		return "did:key:" + key
+	if baseCodec != mbase.Base58BTC {
+		return Undef, fmt.Errorf("not Base58BTC encoded")
 	}
-	return "did:" + d.str[MethodOffset:]
-}
-
-func Decode(bytes []byte) (DID, error) {
 	code, _, err := varint.FromUvarint(bytes)
 	if err != nil {
 		return Undef, err
 	}
-	if code == Ed25519 || code == RSA {
-		return DID{str: string(bytes), code: code, key: true}, nil
-	} else if code == DIDCore {
-		return DID{str: string(bytes)}, nil
+	switch multicodec.Code(code) {
+	case Ed25519, P256, Secp256k1, RSA:
+		return DID{bytes: string(bytes), code: multicodec.Code(code)}, nil
+	default:
+		return Undef, fmt.Errorf("unsupported did:key multicodec: 0x%x", code)
 	}
-	return Undef, fmt.Errorf("unsupported DID encoding: 0x%x", code)
 }
 
-func Parse(str string) (DID, error) {
-	if !strings.HasPrefix(str, Prefix) {
-		return Undef, fmt.Errorf("must start with 'did:'")
+// MustParse is like Parse but panics instead of returning an error.
+func MustParse(str string) DID {
+	did, err := Parse(str)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	return did
+}
+
+// Defined tells if the DID is defined, not equal to Undef.
+func (d DID) Defined() bool {
+	return d.code == 0 || len(d.bytes) > 0
+}
+
+// PubKey returns the public key encapsulated by the did:key.
+func (d DID) PubKey() (crypto.PubKey, error) {
+	unmarshaler, ok := map[multicodec.Code]crypto.PubKeyUnmarshaller{
+		X25519:    crypto.UnmarshalEd25519PublicKey,
+		Ed25519:   crypto.UnmarshalEd25519PublicKey,
+		P256:      ecdsaPubKeyUnmarshaler(elliptic.P256()),
+		P384:      ecdsaPubKeyUnmarshaler(elliptic.P384()),
+		P521:      ecdsaPubKeyUnmarshaler(elliptic.P521()),
+		Secp256k1: crypto.UnmarshalSecp256k1PublicKey,
+		RSA:       rsaPubKeyUnmarshaller,
+	}[d.code]
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unsupported multicodec: %d", d.code)
 	}
 
-	if strings.HasPrefix(str, KeyPrefix) {
-		code, bytes, err := mbase.Decode(str[len(KeyPrefix):])
+	codeSize := varint.UvarintSize(uint64(d.code))
+	return unmarshaler([]byte(d.bytes)[codeSize:])
+}
+
+// String formats the decentralized identity document (DID) as a string.
+func (d DID) String() string {
+	key, _ := mbase.Encode(mbase.Base58BTC, []byte(d.bytes))
+	return "did:key:" + key
+}
+
+func ecdsaPubKeyUnmarshaler(curve elliptic.Curve) crypto.PubKeyUnmarshaller {
+	return func(data []byte) (crypto.PubKey, error) {
+		x, y := elliptic.UnmarshalCompressed(curve, data)
+
+		ecdsaPublicKey := &ecdsa.PublicKey{
+			Curve: curve,
+			X:     x,
+			Y:     y,
+		}
+
+		pkix, err := x509.MarshalPKIXPublicKey(ecdsaPublicKey)
 		if err != nil {
-			return Undef, err
+			return nil, err
 		}
-		if code != mbase.Base58BTC {
-			return Undef, fmt.Errorf("not Base58BTC encoded")
-		}
-		return Decode(bytes)
+
+		return crypto.UnmarshalECDSAPublicKey(pkix)
+	}
+}
+
+func rsaPubKeyUnmarshaller(data []byte) (crypto.PubKey, error) {
+	rsaPublicKey, err := x509.ParsePKCS1PublicKey(data)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	buf := make([]byte, MethodOffset)
-	varint.PutUvarint(buf, DIDCore)
-	suffix, _ := strings.CutPrefix(str, Prefix)
-	buf = append(buf, suffix...)
-	return DID{str: string(buf), code: DIDCore}, nil
+	pkix, err := x509.MarshalPKIXPublicKey(rsaPublicKey)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return crypto.UnmarshalRsaPublicKey(pkix)
 }

did/did_test.go

@@ -2,78 +2,40 @@ package did
 
 import (
 	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )
 
 func TestParseDIDKey(t *testing.T) {
 	str := "did:key:z6Mkod5Jr3yd5SC7UDueqK4dAAw5xYJYjksy722tA9Boxc4z"
 	d, err := Parse(str)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("%v", err)
-	}
-	if d.String() != str {
-		t.Fatalf("expected %v to equal %v", d.String(), str)
-	}
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, str, d.String())
 }
 
-func TestDecodeDIDKey(t *testing.T) {
+func TestMustParseDIDKey(t *testing.T) {
 	str := "did:key:z6Mkod5Jr3yd5SC7UDueqK4dAAw5xYJYjksy722tA9Boxc4z"
-	d0, err := Parse(str)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("%v", err)
-	}
-	d1, err := Decode(d0.Bytes())
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("%v", err)
-	}
-	if d1.String() != str {
-		t.Fatalf("expected %v to equal %v", d1.String(), str)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestParseDIDWeb(t *testing.T) {
-	str := "did:web:up.web3.storage"
-	d, err := Parse(str)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("%v", err)
-	}
-	if d.String() != str {
-		t.Fatalf("expected %v to equal %v", d.String(), str)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestDecodeDIDWeb(t *testing.T) {
-	str := "did:web:up.web3.storage"
-	d0, err := Parse(str)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("%v", err)
-	}
-	d1, err := Decode(d0.Bytes())
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("%v", err)
-	}
-	if d1.String() != str {
-		t.Fatalf("expected %v to equal %v", d1.String(), str)
-	}
+	require.NotPanics(t, func() {
+		d := MustParse(str)
+		require.Equal(t, str, d.String())
+	})
+	str = "did:key:z7Mkod5Jr3yd5SC7UDueqK4dAAw5xYJYjksy722tA9Boxc4z"
+	require.Panics(t, func() {
+		MustParse(str)
+	})
 }
 
 func TestEquivalence(t *testing.T) {
-	u0 := DID{}
-	u1 := Undef
-	if u0 != u1 {
-		t.Fatalf("undef DID not equivalent")
-	}
+	undef0 := DID{}
+	undef1 := Undef
 
-	d0, err := Parse("did:key:z6Mkod5Jr3yd5SC7UDueqK4dAAw5xYJYjksy722tA9Boxc4z")
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("%v", err)
-	}
+	did0, err := Parse("did:key:z6Mkod5Jr3yd5SC7UDueqK4dAAw5xYJYjksy722tA9Boxc4z")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	did1, err := Parse("did:key:z6Mkod5Jr3yd5SC7UDueqK4dAAw5xYJYjksy722tA9Boxc4z")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
 
-	d1, err := Parse("did:key:z6Mkod5Jr3yd5SC7UDueqK4dAAw5xYJYjksy722tA9Boxc4z")
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("%v", err)
-	}
-
-	if d0 != d1 {
-		t.Fatalf("two equivalent DID not equivalent")
-	}
+	require.True(t, undef0 == undef1)
+	require.False(t, undef0 == did0)
+	require.True(t, did0 == did1)
+	require.False(t, undef1 == did1)
 }

did/key_spec_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+//go:build jwx_es256k
+
+package did_test
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/libp2p/go-libp2p/core/crypto"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/did"
+	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/did/testvectors"
+)
+
+// TestDidKeyVectors executes tests read from the [test vector files] provided
+// as part of the DID Key method's [specification].
+//
+// [test vector files]: https://github.com/w3c-ccg/did-method-key/tree/main/test-vectors
+// [specification]: https://w3c-ccg.github.io/did-method-key
+func TestDidKeyVectors(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	for _, f := range []string{
+		// TODO: These test vectors are not supported by go-libp2p/core/crypto
+		// "bls12381.json",
+		"ed25519-x25519.json",
+		"nist-curves.json",
+		"rsa.json",
+		"secp256k1.json",
+		// This test vector only contains a DID Document
+		// "x25519.json",
+	} {
+		vectors := loadTestVectors(t, f)
+
+		t.Run(f, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Parallel()
+
+			for k, vector := range vectors {
+				t.Run(k, func(t *testing.T) {
+					// round-trip pubkey-->did-->pubkey, verified against the test vectors.
+
+					exp := vectorPubKey(t, vector)
+
+					id, err := did.FromPubKey(exp)
+					require.NoError(t, err, f, k)
+					act, err := id.PubKey()
+					require.NoError(t, err)
+
+					assert.Equal(t, k, id.String(), f, k)
+					assert.Equal(t, exp, act)
+				})
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func loadTestVectors(t *testing.T, filename string) testvectors.Vectors {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	data, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join("testvectors", filename))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	var vs testvectors.Vectors
+
+	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(data, &vs))
+
+	return vs
+}
+
+func vectorPubKey(t *testing.T, v testvectors.Vector) crypto.PubKey {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	pubKey, err := v.PubKey()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotZero(t, pubKey)
+
+	return pubKey
+}

did/testvectors/bls12381.json

@@ -0,0 +1,231 @@
+{
+  "did:key:zUC7K4ndUaGZgV7Cp2yJy6JtMoUHY6u7tkcSYUvPrEidqBmLCTLmi6d5WvwnUqejscAkERJ3bfjEiSYtdPkRSE8kSa11hFBr4sTgnbZ95SJj19PN2jdvJjyzpSZgxkyyxNnBNnY": {
+    "verificationKeyPair": {
+      "id": "#zUC7K4ndUaGZgV7Cp2yJy6JtMoUHY6u7tkcSYUvPrEidqBmLCTLmi6d5WvwnUqejscAkERJ3bfjEiSYtdPkRSE8kSa11hFBr4sTgnbZ95SJj19PN2jdvJjyzpSZgxkyyxNnBNnY",
+      "type": "Bls12381G2Key2020",
+      "controller": "did:key:zUC7K4ndUaGZgV7Cp2yJy6JtMoUHY6u7tkcSYUvPrEidqBmLCTLmi6d5WvwnUqejscAkERJ3bfjEiSYtdPkRSE8kSa11hFBr4sTgnbZ95SJj19PN2jdvJjyzpSZgxkyyxNnBNnY",
+      "publicKeyBase58": "25EEkQtcLKsEzQ6JTo9cg4W7NHpaurn4Wg6LaNPFq6JQXnrP91SDviUz7KrJVMJd76CtAZFsRLYzvgX2JGxo2ccUHtuHk7ELCWwrkBDfrXCFVfqJKDootee9iVaF6NpdJtBE",
+      "privateKeyBase58": "8TXrPTbhefHvcz2vkGsDLBZT2UMeemveLKbdh5JZCvvn"
+    },
+    "didDocument": {
+      "@context": [
+        "https://www.w3.org/ns/did/v1",
+        "https://w3id.org/security/suites/bls12381-2020/v1"
+      ],
+      "id": "did:key:zUC7K4ndUaGZgV7Cp2yJy6JtMoUHY6u7tkcSYUvPrEidqBmLCTLmi6d5WvwnUqejscAkERJ3bfjEiSYtdPkRSE8kSa11hFBr4sTgnbZ95SJj19PN2jdvJjyzpSZgxkyyxNnBNnY",
+      "verificationMethod": [
+        {
+          "id": "did:key:zUC7K4ndUaGZgV7Cp2yJy6JtMoUHY6u7tkcSYUvPrEidqBmLCTLmi6d5WvwnUqejscAkERJ3bfjEiSYtdPkRSE8kSa11hFBr4sTgnbZ95SJj19PN2jdvJjyzpSZgxkyyxNnBNnY#zUC7K4ndUaGZgV7Cp2yJy6JtMoUHY6u7tkcSYUvPrEidqBmLCTLmi6d5WvwnUqejscAkERJ3bfjEiSYtdPkRSE8kSa11hFBr4sTgnbZ95SJj19PN2jdvJjyzpSZgxkyyxNnBNnY",
+          "type": "Bls12381G2Key2020",
+          "controller": "did:key:zUC7K4ndUaGZgV7Cp2yJy6JtMoUHY6u7tkcSYUvPrEidqBmLCTLmi6d5WvwnUqejscAkERJ3bfjEiSYtdPkRSE8kSa11hFBr4sTgnbZ95SJj19PN2jdvJjyzpSZgxkyyxNnBNnY",
+          "publicKeyBase58": "25EEkQtcLKsEzQ6JTo9cg4W7NHpaurn4Wg6LaNPFq6JQXnrP91SDviUz7KrJVMJd76CtAZFsRLYzvgX2JGxo2ccUHtuHk7ELCWwrkBDfrXCFVfqJKDootee9iVaF6NpdJtBE"
+        }
+      ],
+      "assertionMethod": [
+        "did:key:zUC7K4ndUaGZgV7Cp2yJy6JtMoUHY6u7tkcSYUvPrEidqBmLCTLmi6d5WvwnUqejscAkERJ3bfjEiSYtdPkRSE8kSa11hFBr4sTgnbZ95SJj19PN2jdvJjyzpSZgxkyyxNnBNnY#zUC7K4ndUaGZgV7Cp2yJy6JtMoUHY6u7tkcSYUvPrEidqBmLCTLmi6d5WvwnUqejscAkERJ3bfjEiSYtdPkRSE8kSa11hFBr4sTgnbZ95SJj19PN2jdvJjyzpSZgxkyyxNnBNnY"
+      ],
+      "authentication": [
+        "did:key:zUC7K4ndUaGZgV7Cp2yJy6JtMoUHY6u7tkcSYUvPrEidqBmLCTLmi6d5WvwnUqejscAkERJ3bfjEiSYtdPkRSE8kSa11hFBr4sTgnbZ95SJj19PN2jdvJjyzpSZgxkyyxNnBNnY#zUC7K4ndUaGZgV7Cp2yJy6JtMoUHY6u7tkcSYUvPrEidqBmLCTLmi6d5WvwnUqejscAkERJ3bfjEiSYtdPkRSE8kSa11hFBr4sTgnbZ95SJj19PN2jdvJjyzpSZgxkyyxNnBNnY"
+      ],
+      "capabilityInvocation": [
+        "did:key:zUC7K4ndUaGZgV7Cp2yJy6JtMoUHY6u7tkcSYUvPrEidqBmLCTLmi6d5WvwnUqejscAkERJ3bfjEiSYtdPkRSE8kSa11hFBr4sTgnbZ95SJj19PN2jdvJjyzpSZgxkyyxNnBNnY#zUC7K4ndUaGZgV7Cp2yJy6JtMoUHY6u7tkcSYUvPrEidqBmLCTLmi6d5WvwnUqejscAkERJ3bfjEiSYtdPkRSE8kSa11hFBr4sTgnbZ95SJj19PN2jdvJjyzpSZgxkyyxNnBNnY"
+      ],
+      "capabilityDelegation": [
+        "did:key:zUC7K4ndUaGZgV7Cp2yJy6JtMoUHY6u7tkcSYUvPrEidqBmLCTLmi6d5WvwnUqejscAkERJ3bfjEiSYtdPkRSE8kSa11hFBr4sTgnbZ95SJj19PN2jdvJjyzpSZgxkyyxNnBNnY#zUC7K4ndUaGZgV7Cp2yJy6JtMoUHY6u7tkcSYUvPrEidqBmLCTLmi6d5WvwnUqejscAkERJ3bfjEiSYtdPkRSE8kSa11hFBr4sTgnbZ95SJj19PN2jdvJjyzpSZgxkyyxNnBNnY"
+      ]
+    }
+  },
+  "did:key:zUC77uxiMKceQoxciSy1xgk3nvP8c8NZXDnaY1xsXZaU5UmsZdnwStUke8Ca8zAdPX3MQTHEMhDTCgfdGU7UrY4RRdVhqZp8FaAaoaXFEVp2ZAM7oj3P45BuTCfc3t9FEGBAEQY": {
+    "verificationKeyPair": {
+      "id": "#zUC77uxiMKceQoxciSy1xgk3nvP8c8NZXDnaY1xsXZaU5UmsZdnwStUke8Ca8zAdPX3MQTHEMhDTCgfdGU7UrY4RRdVhqZp8FaAaoaXFEVp2ZAM7oj3P45BuTCfc3t9FEGBAEQY",
+      "type": "Bls12381G2Key2020",
+      "controller": "did:key:zUC77uxiMKceQoxciSy1xgk3nvP8c8NZXDnaY1xsXZaU5UmsZdnwStUke8Ca8zAdPX3MQTHEMhDTCgfdGU7UrY4RRdVhqZp8FaAaoaXFEVp2ZAM7oj3P45BuTCfc3t9FEGBAEQY",
+      "publicKeyBase58": "t5QqHdxR4C6QJWJAnk3qVd2DMr4MVFEefdP43i7fLbR5A2qJkE5bqgEtyzpNsDViGEsMKHMdpo7fKbPMhGihbfxz3Dv2Hw36XvprLHBA5DDFSphmy91oHQFdahQMei2HjoE",
+      "privateKeyBase58": "URWBZN9g2ZfKVdAz1L8pvVwEBqCbGBozt4p8Cootb35"
+    },
+    "didDocument": {
+      "@context": [
+        "https://www.w3.org/ns/did/v1",
+        "https://w3id.org/security/suites/bls12381-2020/v1"
+      ],
+      "id": "did:key:zUC77uxiMKceQoxciSy1xgk3nvP8c8NZXDnaY1xsXZaU5UmsZdnwStUke8Ca8zAdPX3MQTHEMhDTCgfdGU7UrY4RRdVhqZp8FaAaoaXFEVp2ZAM7oj3P45BuTCfc3t9FEGBAEQY",
+      "verificationMethod": [
+        {
+          "id": "did:key:zUC77uxiMKceQoxciSy1xgk3nvP8c8NZXDnaY1xsXZaU5UmsZdnwStUke8Ca8zAdPX3MQTHEMhDTCgfdGU7UrY4RRdVhqZp8FaAaoaXFEVp2ZAM7oj3P45BuTCfc3t9FEGBAEQY#zUC77uxiMKceQoxciSy1xgk3nvP8c8NZXDnaY1xsXZaU5UmsZdnwStUke8Ca8zAdPX3MQTHEMhDTCgfdGU7UrY4RRdVhqZp8FaAaoaXFEVp2ZAM7oj3P45BuTCfc3t9FEGBAEQY",
+          "type": "Bls12381G2Key2020",
+          "controller": "did:key:zUC77uxiMKceQoxciSy1xgk3nvP8c8NZXDnaY1xsXZaU5UmsZdnwStUke8Ca8zAdPX3MQTHEMhDTCgfdGU7UrY4RRdVhqZp8FaAaoaXFEVp2ZAM7oj3P45BuTCfc3t9FEGBAEQY",
+          "publicKeyBase58": "t5QqHdxR4C6QJWJAnk3qVd2DMr4MVFEefdP43i7fLbR5A2qJkE5bqgEtyzpNsDViGEsMKHMdpo7fKbPMhGihbfxz3Dv2Hw36XvprLHBA5DDFSphmy91oHQFdahQMei2HjoE"
+        }
+      ],
+      "assertionMethod": [
+        "did:key:zUC77uxiMKceQoxciSy1xgk3nvP8c8NZXDnaY1xsXZaU5UmsZdnwStUke8Ca8zAdPX3MQTHEMhDTCgfdGU7UrY4RRdVhqZp8FaAaoaXFEVp2ZAM7oj3P45BuTCfc3t9FEGBAEQY#zUC77uxiMKceQoxciSy1xgk3nvP8c8NZXDnaY1xsXZaU5UmsZdnwStUke8Ca8zAdPX3MQTHEMhDTCgfdGU7UrY4RRdVhqZp8FaAaoaXFEVp2ZAM7oj3P45BuTCfc3t9FEGBAEQY"
+      ],
+      "authentication": [
+        "did:key:zUC77uxiMKceQoxciSy1xgk3nvP8c8NZXDnaY1xsXZaU5UmsZdnwStUke8Ca8zAdPX3MQTHEMhDTCgfdGU7UrY4RRdVhqZp8FaAaoaXFEVp2ZAM7oj3P45BuTCfc3t9FEGBAEQY#zUC77uxiMKceQoxciSy1xgk3nvP8c8NZXDnaY1xsXZaU5UmsZdnwStUke8Ca8zAdPX3MQTHEMhDTCgfdGU7UrY4RRdVhqZp8FaAaoaXFEVp2ZAM7oj3P45BuTCfc3t9FEGBAEQY"
+      ],
+      "capabilityInvocation": [
+        "did:key:zUC77uxiMKceQoxciSy1xgk3nvP8c8NZXDnaY1xsXZaU5UmsZdnwStUke8Ca8zAdPX3MQTHEMhDTCgfdGU7UrY4RRdVhqZp8FaAaoaXFEVp2ZAM7oj3P45BuTCfc3t9FEGBAEQY#zUC77uxiMKceQoxciSy1xgk3nvP8c8NZXDnaY1xsXZaU5UmsZdnwStUke8Ca8zAdPX3MQTHEMhDTCgfdGU7UrY4RRdVhqZp8FaAaoaXFEVp2ZAM7oj3P45BuTCfc3t9FEGBAEQY"
+      ],
+      "capabilityDelegation": [
+        "did:key:zUC77uxiMKceQoxciSy1xgk3nvP8c8NZXDnaY1xsXZaU5UmsZdnwStUke8Ca8zAdPX3MQTHEMhDTCgfdGU7UrY4RRdVhqZp8FaAaoaXFEVp2ZAM7oj3P45BuTCfc3t9FEGBAEQY#zUC77uxiMKceQoxciSy1xgk3nvP8c8NZXDnaY1xsXZaU5UmsZdnwStUke8Ca8zAdPX3MQTHEMhDTCgfdGU7UrY4RRdVhqZp8FaAaoaXFEVp2ZAM7oj3P45BuTCfc3t9FEGBAEQY"
+      ]
+    }
+  },
+  "did:key:zUC7KKoJk5ttwuuc8pmQDiUmtckEPTwcaFVZe4DSFV7fURuoRnD17D3xkBK3A9tZqdADkTTMKSwNkhjo9Hs6HfgNUXo48TNRaxU6XPLSPdRgMc15jCD5DfN34ixjoVemY62JxnW": {
+    "verificationKeyPair": {
+      "id": "#zUC7KKoJk5ttwuuc8pmQDiUmtckEPTwcaFVZe4DSFV7fURuoRnD17D3xkBK3A9tZqdADkTTMKSwNkhjo9Hs6HfgNUXo48TNRaxU6XPLSPdRgMc15jCD5DfN34ixjoVemY62JxnW",
+      "type": "Bls12381G2Key2020",
+      "controller": "did:key:zUC7KKoJk5ttwuuc8pmQDiUmtckEPTwcaFVZe4DSFV7fURuoRnD17D3xkBK3A9tZqdADkTTMKSwNkhjo9Hs6HfgNUXo48TNRaxU6XPLSPdRgMc15jCD5DfN34ixjoVemY62JxnW",
+      "publicKeyBase58": "25VFRgQEfbJ3Pit6Z3mnZbKPK9BdQYGwdmfdcmderjYZ12BFNQYeowjMN1AYKKKcacF3UH35ZNpBqCR8y8QLeeaGLL7UKdKLcFje3VQnosesDNHsU8jBvtvYmLJusxXsSUBC",
+      "privateKeyBase58": "48FTGTBBhezV7Ldk5g392NSxP2hwgEgWiSZQkMoNri7E"
+    },
+    "didDocument": {
+      "@context": [
+        "https://www.w3.org/ns/did/v1",
+        "https://w3id.org/security/suites/bls12381-2020/v1"
+      ],
+      "id": "did:key:zUC7KKoJk5ttwuuc8pmQDiUmtckEPTwcaFVZe4DSFV7fURuoRnD17D3xkBK3A9tZqdADkTTMKSwNkhjo9Hs6HfgNUXo48TNRaxU6XPLSPdRgMc15jCD5DfN34ixjoVemY62JxnW",
+      "verificationMethod": [
+        {
+          "id": "did:key:zUC7KKoJk5ttwuuc8pmQDiUmtckEPTwcaFVZe4DSFV7fURuoRnD17D3xkBK3A9tZqdADkTTMKSwNkhjo9Hs6HfgNUXo48TNRaxU6XPLSPdRgMc15jCD5DfN34ixjoVemY62JxnW#zUC7KKoJk5ttwuuc8pmQDiUmtckEPTwcaFVZe4DSFV7fURuoRnD17D3xkBK3A9tZqdADkTTMKSwNkhjo9Hs6HfgNUXo48TNRaxU6XPLSPdRgMc15jCD5DfN34ixjoVemY62JxnW",
+          "type": "Bls12381G2Key2020",
+          "controller": "did:key:zUC7KKoJk5ttwuuc8pmQDiUmtckEPTwcaFVZe4DSFV7fURuoRnD17D3xkBK3A9tZqdADkTTMKSwNkhjo9Hs6HfgNUXo48TNRaxU6XPLSPdRgMc15jCD5DfN34ixjoVemY62JxnW",
+          "publicKeyBase58": "25VFRgQEfbJ3Pit6Z3mnZbKPK9BdQYGwdmfdcmderjYZ12BFNQYeowjMN1AYKKKcacF3UH35ZNpBqCR8y8QLeeaGLL7UKdKLcFje3VQnosesDNHsU8jBvtvYmLJusxXsSUBC"
+        }
+      ],
+      "assertionMethod": [
+        "did:key:zUC7KKoJk5ttwuuc8pmQDiUmtckEPTwcaFVZe4DSFV7fURuoRnD17D3xkBK3A9tZqdADkTTMKSwNkhjo9Hs6HfgNUXo48TNRaxU6XPLSPdRgMc15jCD5DfN34ixjoVemY62JxnW#zUC7KKoJk5ttwuuc8pmQDiUmtckEPTwcaFVZe4DSFV7fURuoRnD17D3xkBK3A9tZqdADkTTMKSwNkhjo9Hs6HfgNUXo48TNRaxU6XPLSPdRgMc15jCD5DfN34ixjoVemY62JxnW"
+      ],
+      "authentication": [
+        "did:key:zUC7KKoJk5ttwuuc8pmQDiUmtckEPTwcaFVZe4DSFV7fURuoRnD17D3xkBK3A9tZqdADkTTMKSwNkhjo9Hs6HfgNUXo48TNRaxU6XPLSPdRgMc15jCD5DfN34ixjoVemY62JxnW#zUC7KKoJk5ttwuuc8pmQDiUmtckEPTwcaFVZe4DSFV7fURuoRnD17D3xkBK3A9tZqdADkTTMKSwNkhjo9Hs6HfgNUXo48TNRaxU6XPLSPdRgMc15jCD5DfN34ixjoVemY62JxnW"
+      ],
+      "capabilityInvocation": [
+        "did:key:zUC7KKoJk5ttwuuc8pmQDiUmtckEPTwcaFVZe4DSFV7fURuoRnD17D3xkBK3A9tZqdADkTTMKSwNkhjo9Hs6HfgNUXo48TNRaxU6XPLSPdRgMc15jCD5DfN34ixjoVemY62JxnW#zUC7KKoJk5ttwuuc8pmQDiUmtckEPTwcaFVZe4DSFV7fURuoRnD17D3xkBK3A9tZqdADkTTMKSwNkhjo9Hs6HfgNUXo48TNRaxU6XPLSPdRgMc15jCD5DfN34ixjoVemY62JxnW"
+      ],
+      "capabilityDelegation": [
+        "did:key:zUC7KKoJk5ttwuuc8pmQDiUmtckEPTwcaFVZe4DSFV7fURuoRnD17D3xkBK3A9tZqdADkTTMKSwNkhjo9Hs6HfgNUXo48TNRaxU6XPLSPdRgMc15jCD5DfN34ixjoVemY62JxnW#zUC7KKoJk5ttwuuc8pmQDiUmtckEPTwcaFVZe4DSFV7fURuoRnD17D3xkBK3A9tZqdADkTTMKSwNkhjo9Hs6HfgNUXo48TNRaxU6XPLSPdRgMc15jCD5DfN34ixjoVemY62JxnW"
+      ]
+    }
+  },
+  "did:key:zUC7FB43ErjeTPiBLZ8wWT3aBTL7QnJ6AAZh9opgV5dKkw291mC23yTnKQ2pTcSgLbdKnVJ1ARn6XrwxWqvFg5dRFzCjwSg1j35nRgs5c2nbqkJ4auPTyPtkJ3xcABRNWaDX6QU": {
+    "verificationKeyPair": {
+      "id": "#zUC7FB43ErjeTPiBLZ8wWT3aBTL7QnJ6AAZh9opgV5dKkw291mC23yTnKQ2pTcSgLbdKnVJ1ARn6XrwxWqvFg5dRFzCjwSg1j35nRgs5c2nbqkJ4auPTyPtkJ3xcABRNWaDX6QU",
+      "type": "Bls12381G2Key2020",
+      "controller": "did:key:zUC7FB43ErjeTPiBLZ8wWT3aBTL7QnJ6AAZh9opgV5dKkw291mC23yTnKQ2pTcSgLbdKnVJ1ARn6XrwxWqvFg5dRFzCjwSg1j35nRgs5c2nbqkJ4auPTyPtkJ3xcABRNWaDX6QU",
+      "publicKeyBase58": "21LWABB5R6mqxvcU6LWMMt9yCAVyt8C1mHREs1EAX23fLcAEPMK4dWx59Jd6RpJ5geGt881vH9yPzZyC8WpHhS2g296mumPxJA3Aghp9jMoACE13rtTie8FYdgzgUw24eboA",
+      "privateKeyBase58": "86rp8w6Q7zgDdKqYxZsdTyhZogzwbcR7wf3VQrhV3xLG"
+    },
+    "didDocument": {
+      "@context": [
+        "https://www.w3.org/ns/did/v1",
+        "https://w3id.org/security/suites/bls12381-2020/v1"
+      ],
+      "id": "did:key:zUC7FB43ErjeTPiBLZ8wWT3aBTL7QnJ6AAZh9opgV5dKkw291mC23yTnKQ2pTcSgLbdKnVJ1ARn6XrwxWqvFg5dRFzCjwSg1j35nRgs5c2nbqkJ4auPTyPtkJ3xcABRNWaDX6QU",
+      "verificationMethod": [
+        {
+          "id": "did:key:zUC7FB43ErjeTPiBLZ8wWT3aBTL7QnJ6AAZh9opgV5dKkw291mC23yTnKQ2pTcSgLbdKnVJ1ARn6XrwxWqvFg5dRFzCjwSg1j35nRgs5c2nbqkJ4auPTyPtkJ3xcABRNWaDX6QU#zUC7FB43ErjeTPiBLZ8wWT3aBTL7QnJ6AAZh9opgV5dKkw291mC23yTnKQ2pTcSgLbdKnVJ1ARn6XrwxWqvFg5dRFzCjwSg1j35nRgs5c2nbqkJ4auPTyPtkJ3xcABRNWaDX6QU",
+          "type": "Bls12381G2Key2020",
+          "controller": "did:key:zUC7FB43ErjeTPiBLZ8wWT3aBTL7QnJ6AAZh9opgV5dKkw291mC23yTnKQ2pTcSgLbdKnVJ1ARn6XrwxWqvFg5dRFzCjwSg1j35nRgs5c2nbqkJ4auPTyPtkJ3xcABRNWaDX6QU",
+          "publicKeyBase58": "21LWABB5R6mqxvcU6LWMMt9yCAVyt8C1mHREs1EAX23fLcAEPMK4dWx59Jd6RpJ5geGt881vH9yPzZyC8WpHhS2g296mumPxJA3Aghp9jMoACE13rtTie8FYdgzgUw24eboA"
+        }
+      ],
+      "assertionMethod": [
+        "did:key:zUC7FB43ErjeTPiBLZ8wWT3aBTL7QnJ6AAZh9opgV5dKkw291mC23yTnKQ2pTcSgLbdKnVJ1ARn6XrwxWqvFg5dRFzCjwSg1j35nRgs5c2nbqkJ4auPTyPtkJ3xcABRNWaDX6QU#zUC7FB43ErjeTPiBLZ8wWT3aBTL7QnJ6AAZh9opgV5dKkw291mC23yTnKQ2pTcSgLbdKnVJ1ARn6XrwxWqvFg5dRFzCjwSg1j35nRgs5c2nbqkJ4auPTyPtkJ3xcABRNWaDX6QU"
+      ],
+      "authentication": [
+        "did:key:zUC7FB43ErjeTPiBLZ8wWT3aBTL7QnJ6AAZh9opgV5dKkw291mC23yTnKQ2pTcSgLbdKnVJ1ARn6XrwxWqvFg5dRFzCjwSg1j35nRgs5c2nbqkJ4auPTyPtkJ3xcABRNWaDX6QU#zUC7FB43ErjeTPiBLZ8wWT3aBTL7QnJ6AAZh9opgV5dKkw291mC23yTnKQ2pTcSgLbdKnVJ1ARn6XrwxWqvFg5dRFzCjwSg1j35nRgs5c2nbqkJ4auPTyPtkJ3xcABRNWaDX6QU"
+      ],
+      "capabilityInvocation": [
+        "did:key:zUC7FB43ErjeTPiBLZ8wWT3aBTL7QnJ6AAZh9opgV5dKkw291mC23yTnKQ2pTcSgLbdKnVJ1ARn6XrwxWqvFg5dRFzCjwSg1j35nRgs5c2nbqkJ4auPTyPtkJ3xcABRNWaDX6QU#zUC7FB43ErjeTPiBLZ8wWT3aBTL7QnJ6AAZh9opgV5dKkw291mC23yTnKQ2pTcSgLbdKnVJ1ARn6XrwxWqvFg5dRFzCjwSg1j35nRgs5c2nbqkJ4auPTyPtkJ3xcABRNWaDX6QU"
+      ],
+      "capabilityDelegation": [
+        "did:key:zUC7FB43ErjeTPiBLZ8wWT3aBTL7QnJ6AAZh9opgV5dKkw291mC23yTnKQ2pTcSgLbdKnVJ1ARn6XrwxWqvFg5dRFzCjwSg1j35nRgs5c2nbqkJ4auPTyPtkJ3xcABRNWaDX6QU#zUC7FB43ErjeTPiBLZ8wWT3aBTL7QnJ6AAZh9opgV5dKkw291mC23yTnKQ2pTcSgLbdKnVJ1ARn6XrwxWqvFg5dRFzCjwSg1j35nRgs5c2nbqkJ4auPTyPtkJ3xcABRNWaDX6QU"
+      ]
+    }
+  },
+  "did:key:zUC7FNFB7UinoJ5tqkeEELWLsytHBdHpwQ7wLVFAYRT6vqdr5uC3JPK6BVNNByj4KxvVKXoirT7VuqptSznjRCgvr7Ksuk42zyFw1GJSYNQSKCpjVcrZXoPUbR1P6zHmr97mVdA": {
+    "verificationKeyPair": {
+      "id": "#zUC7FNFB7UinoJ5tqkeEELWLsytHBdHpwQ7wLVFAYRT6vqdr5uC3JPK6BVNNByj4KxvVKXoirT7VuqptSznjRCgvr7Ksuk42zyFw1GJSYNQSKCpjVcrZXoPUbR1P6zHmr97mVdA",
+      "type": "Bls12381G2Key2020",
+      "controller": "did:key:zUC7FNFB7UinoJ5tqkeEELWLsytHBdHpwQ7wLVFAYRT6vqdr5uC3JPK6BVNNByj4KxvVKXoirT7VuqptSznjRCgvr7Ksuk42zyFw1GJSYNQSKCpjVcrZXoPUbR1P6zHmr97mVdA",
+      "publicKeyBase58": "21XhJ3o4ZSgDgRoyP4Pp8agXMwLycuRa1U6fM4ZzJBxH3gJEQbiuwP3Qh2zNoofNrBKPqp3FgXxGvW84cFwMD29oA7Q9w3L8Sjcc3e9mZqFgs8iWxSsDNRcbQdoYtGaxu11r",
+      "privateKeyBase58": "5LjJ3yibKGP4zKbNgqeiQ284g8LJYnbF7ZBve7Ke9qZ5"
+    },
+    "didDocument": {
+      "@context": [
+        "https://www.w3.org/ns/did/v1",
+        "https://w3id.org/security/suites/bls12381-2020/v1"
+      ],
+      "id": "did:key:zUC7FNFB7UinoJ5tqkeEELWLsytHBdHpwQ7wLVFAYRT6vqdr5uC3JPK6BVNNByj4KxvVKXoirT7VuqptSznjRCgvr7Ksuk42zyFw1GJSYNQSKCpjVcrZXoPUbR1P6zHmr97mVdA",
+      "verificationMethod": [
+        {
+          "id": "did:key:zUC7FNFB7UinoJ5tqkeEELWLsytHBdHpwQ7wLVFAYRT6vqdr5uC3JPK6BVNNByj4KxvVKXoirT7VuqptSznjRCgvr7Ksuk42zyFw1GJSYNQSKCpjVcrZXoPUbR1P6zHmr97mVdA#zUC7FNFB7UinoJ5tqkeEELWLsytHBdHpwQ7wLVFAYRT6vqdr5uC3JPK6BVNNByj4KxvVKXoirT7VuqptSznjRCgvr7Ksuk42zyFw1GJSYNQSKCpjVcrZXoPUbR1P6zHmr97mVdA",
+          "type": "Bls12381G2Key2020",
+          "controller": "did:key:zUC7FNFB7UinoJ5tqkeEELWLsytHBdHpwQ7wLVFAYRT6vqdr5uC3JPK6BVNNByj4KxvVKXoirT7VuqptSznjRCgvr7Ksuk42zyFw1GJSYNQSKCpjVcrZXoPUbR1P6zHmr97mVdA",
+          "publicKeyBase58": "21XhJ3o4ZSgDgRoyP4Pp8agXMwLycuRa1U6fM4ZzJBxH3gJEQbiuwP3Qh2zNoofNrBKPqp3FgXxGvW84cFwMD29oA7Q9w3L8Sjcc3e9mZqFgs8iWxSsDNRcbQdoYtGaxu11r"
+        }
+      ],
+      "assertionMethod": [
+        "did:key:zUC7FNFB7UinoJ5tqkeEELWLsytHBdHpwQ7wLVFAYRT6vqdr5uC3JPK6BVNNByj4KxvVKXoirT7VuqptSznjRCgvr7Ksuk42zyFw1GJSYNQSKCpjVcrZXoPUbR1P6zHmr97mVdA#zUC7FNFB7UinoJ5tqkeEELWLsytHBdHpwQ7wLVFAYRT6vqdr5uC3JPK6BVNNByj4KxvVKXoirT7VuqptSznjRCgvr7Ksuk42zyFw1GJSYNQSKCpjVcrZXoPUbR1P6zHmr97mVdA"
+      ],
+      "authentication": [
+        "did:key:zUC7FNFB7UinoJ5tqkeEELWLsytHBdHpwQ7wLVFAYRT6vqdr5uC3JPK6BVNNByj4KxvVKXoirT7VuqptSznjRCgvr7Ksuk42zyFw1GJSYNQSKCpjVcrZXoPUbR1P6zHmr97mVdA#zUC7FNFB7UinoJ5tqkeEELWLsytHBdHpwQ7wLVFAYRT6vqdr5uC3JPK6BVNNByj4KxvVKXoirT7VuqptSznjRCgvr7Ksuk42zyFw1GJSYNQSKCpjVcrZXoPUbR1P6zHmr97mVdA"
+      ],
+      "capabilityInvocation": [
+        "did:key:zUC7FNFB7UinoJ5tqkeEELWLsytHBdHpwQ7wLVFAYRT6vqdr5uC3JPK6BVNNByj4KxvVKXoirT7VuqptSznjRCgvr7Ksuk42zyFw1GJSYNQSKCpjVcrZXoPUbR1P6zHmr97mVdA#zUC7FNFB7UinoJ5tqkeEELWLsytHBdHpwQ7wLVFAYRT6vqdr5uC3JPK6BVNNByj4KxvVKXoirT7VuqptSznjRCgvr7Ksuk42zyFw1GJSYNQSKCpjVcrZXoPUbR1P6zHmr97mVdA"
+      ],
+      "capabilityDelegation": [
+        "did:key:zUC7FNFB7UinoJ5tqkeEELWLsytHBdHpwQ7wLVFAYRT6vqdr5uC3JPK6BVNNByj4KxvVKXoirT7VuqptSznjRCgvr7Ksuk42zyFw1GJSYNQSKCpjVcrZXoPUbR1P6zHmr97mVdA#zUC7FNFB7UinoJ5tqkeEELWLsytHBdHpwQ7wLVFAYRT6vqdr5uC3JPK6BVNNByj4KxvVKXoirT7VuqptSznjRCgvr7Ksuk42zyFw1GJSYNQSKCpjVcrZXoPUbR1P6zHmr97mVdA"
+      ]
+    }
+  },
+  "did:key:z5TcCmGLu7HrkT5FTnejDTKcH11LPMQLXMPHTRyzY4KdRvqpPLprH7s1ddWFD38cAkZoiDtofUmJVZyEweUTfwjG5H3znk3ir4tzmuDBUSNbNQ7U6jJqj5bkQLKRaQB1bpFJKGLEq3EBwsfPutL5D7p78kFeLNHznqbf5oGpik7ScaDbGLaTLh1Jtadi6VmPNNd44Cojk": {
+    "verificationKeyPair": {
+      "id": "did:key:z5TcCmGLu7HrkT5FTnejDTKcH11LPMQLXMPHTRyzY4KdRvqpPLprH7s1ddWFD38cAkZoiDtofUmJVZyEweUTfwjG5H3znk3ir4tzmuDBUSNbNQ7U6jJqj5bkQLKRaQB1bpFJKGLEq3EBwsfPutL5D7p78kFeLNHznqbf5oGpik7ScaDbGLaTLh1Jtadi6VmPNNd44Cojk#z3tEEysHYz5kkgpfDAByfDVgAuvtSFLHSqoMWmmSZBU1LZtN2sDsAS6RVQSevfxv39kyty",
+      "type": "JsonWebKey2020",
+      "controller": "did:key:z5TcCmGLu7HrkT5FTnejDTKcH11LPMQLXMPHTRyzY4KdRvqpPLprH7s1ddWFD38cAkZoiDtofUmJVZyEweUTfwjG5H3znk3ir4tzmuDBUSNbNQ7U6jJqj5bkQLKRaQB1bpFJKGLEq3EBwsfPutL5D7p78kFeLNHznqbf5oGpik7ScaDbGLaTLh1Jtadi6VmPNNd44Cojk",
+      "publicKeyJwk": {
+        "kty": "EC",
+        "crv": "BLS12381_G1",
+        "x": "im0OQGMTkh4YEhAl16hQwUQTcOaRqIqThqtSwksFK7WaH6Qywypmc3VIDyydmYTe"
+      },
+      "privateKeyJwk": {
+        "kty": "EC",
+        "crv": "BLS12381_G1",
+        "x": "im0OQGMTkh4YEhAl16hQwUQTcOaRqIqThqtSwksFK7WaH6Qywypmc3VIDyydmYTe",
+        "d": "S7Z1TuL05WHge8od0_mW8b3sRM747caCffsLwS6JZ-c"
+      }
+    },
+    "didDocument": {
+      "@context": [
+        "https://www.w3.org/ns/did/v1",
+        "https://w3id.org/security/suites/jws-2020/v1"
+      ],
+      "id": "did:key:z5TcCmGLu7HrkT5FTnejDTKcH11LPMQLXMPHTRyzY4KdRvqpPLprH7s1ddWFD38cAkZoiDtofUmJVZyEweUTfwjG5H3znk3ir4tzmuDBUSNbNQ7U6jJqj5bkQLKRaQB1bpFJKGLEq3EBwsfPutL5D7p78kFeLNHznqbf5oGpik7ScaDbGLaTLh1Jtadi6VmPNNd44Cojk",
+      "verificationMethod": [
+        {
+          "id": "did:key:z5TcCmGLu7HrkT5FTnejDTKcH11LPMQLXMPHTRyzY4KdRvqpPLprH7s1ddWFD38cAkZoiDtofUmJVZyEweUTfwjG5H3znk3ir4tzmuDBUSNbNQ7U6jJqj5bkQLKRaQB1bpFJKGLEq3EBwsfPutL5D7p78kFeLNHznqbf5oGpik7ScaDbGLaTLh1Jtadi6VmPNNd44Cojk#z3tEEysHYz5kkgpfDAByfDVgAuvtSFLHSqoMWmmSZBU1LZtN2sDsAS6RVQSevfxv39kyty",
+          "type": "JsonWebKey2020",
+          "controller": "did:key:z5TcCmGLu7HrkT5FTnejDTKcH11LPMQLXMPHTRyzY4KdRvqpPLprH7s1ddWFD38cAkZoiDtofUmJVZyEweUTfwjG5H3znk3ir4tzmuDBUSNbNQ7U6jJqj5bkQLKRaQB1bpFJKGLEq3EBwsfPutL5D7p78kFeLNHznqbf5oGpik7ScaDbGLaTLh1Jtadi6VmPNNd44Cojk",
+          "publicKeyJwk": {
+            "kty": "EC",
+            "crv": "BLS12381_G1",
+            "x": "im0OQGMTkh4YEhAl16hQwUQTcOaRqIqThqtSwksFK7WaH6Qywypmc3VIDyydmYTe"
+          }
+        }
+      ],
+      "assertionMethod": [
+        "did:key:z5TcCmGLu7HrkT5FTnejDTKcH11LPMQLXMPHTRyzY4KdRvqpPLprH7s1ddWFD38cAkZoiDtofUmJVZyEweUTfwjG5H3znk3ir4tzmuDBUSNbNQ7U6jJqj5bkQLKRaQB1bpFJKGLEq3EBwsfPutL5D7p78kFeLNHznqbf5oGpik7ScaDbGLaTLh1Jtadi6VmPNNd44Cojk#z3tEEysHYz5kkgpfDAByfDVgAuvtSFLHSqoMWmmSZBU1LZtN2sDsAS6RVQSevfxv39kyty"
+      ],
+      "authentication": [
+        "did:key:z5TcCmGLu7HrkT5FTnejDTKcH11LPMQLXMPHTRyzY4KdRvqpPLprH7s1ddWFD38cAkZoiDtofUmJVZyEweUTfwjG5H3znk3ir4tzmuDBUSNbNQ7U6jJqj5bkQLKRaQB1bpFJKGLEq3EBwsfPutL5D7p78kFeLNHznqbf5oGpik7ScaDbGLaTLh1Jtadi6VmPNNd44Cojk#z3tEEysHYz5kkgpfDAByfDVgAuvtSFLHSqoMWmmSZBU1LZtN2sDsAS6RVQSevfxv39kyty"
+      ],
+      "capabilityInvocation": [
+        "did:key:z5TcCmGLu7HrkT5FTnejDTKcH11LPMQLXMPHTRyzY4KdRvqpPLprH7s1ddWFD38cAkZoiDtofUmJVZyEweUTfwjG5H3znk3ir4tzmuDBUSNbNQ7U6jJqj5bkQLKRaQB1bpFJKGLEq3EBwsfPutL5D7p78kFeLNHznqbf5oGpik7ScaDbGLaTLh1Jtadi6VmPNNd44Cojk#z3tEEysHYz5kkgpfDAByfDVgAuvtSFLHSqoMWmmSZBU1LZtN2sDsAS6RVQSevfxv39kyty"
+      ],
+      "capabilityDelegation": [
+        "did:key:z5TcCmGLu7HrkT5FTnejDTKcH11LPMQLXMPHTRyzY4KdRvqpPLprH7s1ddWFD38cAkZoiDtofUmJVZyEweUTfwjG5H3znk3ir4tzmuDBUSNbNQ7U6jJqj5bkQLKRaQB1bpFJKGLEq3EBwsfPutL5D7p78kFeLNHznqbf5oGpik7ScaDbGLaTLh1Jtadi6VmPNNd44Cojk#z3tEEysHYz5kkgpfDAByfDVgAuvtSFLHSqoMWmmSZBU1LZtN2sDsAS6RVQSevfxv39kyty"
+      ]
+    }
+  }
+}

did/testvectors/ed25519-x25519.json

@@ -0,0 +1,293 @@
+{
+  "did:key:z6MkiTBz1ymuepAQ4HEHYSF1H8quG5GLVVQR3djdX3mDooWp": {
+    "seed": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
+    "verificationKeyPair": {
+      "id": "#z6MkiTBz1ymuepAQ4HEHYSF1H8quG5GLVVQR3djdX3mDooWp",
+      "type": "Ed25519VerificationKey2018",
+      "controller": "did:key:z6MkiTBz1ymuepAQ4HEHYSF1H8quG5GLVVQR3djdX3mDooWp",
+      "publicKeyBase58": "4zvwRjXUKGfvwnParsHAS3HuSVzV5cA4McphgmoCtajS"
+    },
+    "keyAgreementKeyPair": {
+      "id": "#z6LShs9GGnqk85isEBzzshkuVWrVKsRp24GnDuHk8QWkARMW",
+      "type": "X25519KeyAgreementKey2019",
+      "controller": "did:key:z6MkiTBz1ymuepAQ4HEHYSF1H8quG5GLVVQR3djdX3mDooWp",
+      "publicKeyBase58": "7By6kV2t2d188odEM4ExAve1UithKT6dLva4dwsDT3ak",
+      "privateKeyBase58": "6QN8DfuN9hjgHgPvLXqgzqYE3jRRGRrmJQZkd5tL8paR"
+    },
+    "didDocument": {
+      "@context": [
+        "https://www.w3.org/ns/did/v1",
+        "https://w3id.org/security/suites/ed25519-2018/v1",
+        "https://w3id.org/security/suites/x25519-2019/v1"
+      ],
+      "id": "did:key:z6MkiTBz1ymuepAQ4HEHYSF1H8quG5GLVVQR3djdX3mDooWp",
+      "verificationMethod": [
+        {
+          "id": "did:key:z6MkiTBz1ymuepAQ4HEHYSF1H8quG5GLVVQR3djdX3mDooWp#z6MkiTBz1ymuepAQ4HEHYSF1H8quG5GLVVQR3djdX3mDooWp",
+          "type": "Ed25519VerificationKey2018",
+          "controller": "did:key:z6MkiTBz1ymuepAQ4HEHYSF1H8quG5GLVVQR3djdX3mDooWp",
+          "publicKeyBase58": "4zvwRjXUKGfvwnParsHAS3HuSVzV5cA4McphgmoCtajS"
+        },
+        {
+          "id": "did:key:z6MkiTBz1ymuepAQ4HEHYSF1H8quG5GLVVQR3djdX3mDooWp#z6LShs9GGnqk85isEBzzshkuVWrVKsRp24GnDuHk8QWkARMW",
+          "type": "X25519KeyAgreementKey2019",
+          "controller": "did:key:z6MkiTBz1ymuepAQ4HEHYSF1H8quG5GLVVQR3djdX3mDooWp",
+          "publicKeyBase58": "7By6kV2t2d188odEM4ExAve1UithKT6dLva4dwsDT3ak"
+        }
+      ],
+      "assertionMethod": [
+        "did:key:z6MkiTBz1ymuepAQ4HEHYSF1H8quG5GLVVQR3djdX3mDooWp#z6MkiTBz1ymuepAQ4HEHYSF1H8quG5GLVVQR3djdX3mDooWp"
+      ],
+      "authentication": [
+        "did:key:z6MkiTBz1ymuepAQ4HEHYSF1H8quG5GLVVQR3djdX3mDooWp#z6MkiTBz1ymuepAQ4HEHYSF1H8quG5GLVVQR3djdX3mDooWp"
+      ],
+      "capabilityInvocation": [
+        "did:key:z6MkiTBz1ymuepAQ4HEHYSF1H8quG5GLVVQR3djdX3mDooWp#z6MkiTBz1ymuepAQ4HEHYSF1H8quG5GLVVQR3djdX3mDooWp"
+      ],
+      "capabilityDelegation": [
+        "did:key:z6MkiTBz1ymuepAQ4HEHYSF1H8quG5GLVVQR3djdX3mDooWp#z6MkiTBz1ymuepAQ4HEHYSF1H8quG5GLVVQR3djdX3mDooWp"
+      ],
+      "keyAgreement": [
+        "did:key:z6MkiTBz1ymuepAQ4HEHYSF1H8quG5GLVVQR3djdX3mDooWp#z6LShs9GGnqk85isEBzzshkuVWrVKsRp24GnDuHk8QWkARMW"
+      ]
+    }
+  },
+  "did:key:z6MkjchhfUsD6mmvni8mCdXHw216Xrm9bQe2mBH1P5RDjVJG": {
+    "seed": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001",
+    "verificationKeyPair": {
+      "id": "#z6MkjchhfUsD6mmvni8mCdXHw216Xrm9bQe2mBH1P5RDjVJG",
+      "type": "Ed25519VerificationKey2018",
+      "controller": "did:key:z6MkjchhfUsD6mmvni8mCdXHw216Xrm9bQe2mBH1P5RDjVJG",
+      "publicKeyBase58": "6ASf5EcmmEHTgDJ4X4ZT5vT6iHVJBXPg5AN5YoTCpGWt"
+    },
+    "keyAgreementKeyPair": {
+      "id": "#z6LSrHyXiPBhUbvPUtyUCdf32sniiMGPTAesgHrtEa4FePtr",
+      "type": "X25519KeyAgreementKey2019",
+      "controller": "did:key:z6MkjchhfUsD6mmvni8mCdXHw216Xrm9bQe2mBH1P5RDjVJG",
+      "publicKeyBase58": "FcoNC5NqP9CePWbhfz95iHaEsCjGkZUioK9Ck7Qiw286",
+      "privateKeyBase58": "HBTcN2MrXNRj9xF9oi8QqYyuEPv3JLLjQKuEgW9oxVKP"
+    },
+    "didDocument": {
+      "@context": [
+        "https://www.w3.org/ns/did/v1",
+        "https://w3id.org/security/suites/ed25519-2018/v1",
+        "https://w3id.org/security/suites/x25519-2019/v1"
+      ],
+      "id": "did:key:z6MkjchhfUsD6mmvni8mCdXHw216Xrm9bQe2mBH1P5RDjVJG",
+      "verificationMethod": [
+        {
+          "id": "did:key:z6MkjchhfUsD6mmvni8mCdXHw216Xrm9bQe2mBH1P5RDjVJG#z6MkjchhfUsD6mmvni8mCdXHw216Xrm9bQe2mBH1P5RDjVJG",
+          "type": "Ed25519VerificationKey2018",
+          "controller": "did:key:z6MkjchhfUsD6mmvni8mCdXHw216Xrm9bQe2mBH1P5RDjVJG",
+          "publicKeyBase58": "6ASf5EcmmEHTgDJ4X4ZT5vT6iHVJBXPg5AN5YoTCpGWt"
+        },
+        {
+          "id": "did:key:z6MkjchhfUsD6mmvni8mCdXHw216Xrm9bQe2mBH1P5RDjVJG#z6LSrHyXiPBhUbvPUtyUCdf32sniiMGPTAesgHrtEa4FePtr",
+          "type": "X25519KeyAgreementKey2019",
+          "controller": "did:key:z6MkjchhfUsD6mmvni8mCdXHw216Xrm9bQe2mBH1P5RDjVJG",
+          "publicKeyBase58": "FcoNC5NqP9CePWbhfz95iHaEsCjGkZUioK9Ck7Qiw286"
+        }
+      ],
+      "assertionMethod": [
+        "did:key:z6MkjchhfUsD6mmvni8mCdXHw216Xrm9bQe2mBH1P5RDjVJG#z6MkjchhfUsD6mmvni8mCdXHw216Xrm9bQe2mBH1P5RDjVJG"
+      ],
+      "authentication": [
+        "did:key:z6MkjchhfUsD6mmvni8mCdXHw216Xrm9bQe2mBH1P5RDjVJG#z6MkjchhfUsD6mmvni8mCdXHw216Xrm9bQe2mBH1P5RDjVJG"
+      ],
+      "capabilityInvocation": [
+        "did:key:z6MkjchhfUsD6mmvni8mCdXHw216Xrm9bQe2mBH1P5RDjVJG#z6MkjchhfUsD6mmvni8mCdXHw216Xrm9bQe2mBH1P5RDjVJG"
+      ],
+      "capabilityDelegation": [
+        "did:key:z6MkjchhfUsD6mmvni8mCdXHw216Xrm9bQe2mBH1P5RDjVJG#z6MkjchhfUsD6mmvni8mCdXHw216Xrm9bQe2mBH1P5RDjVJG"
+      ],
+      "keyAgreement": [
+        "did:key:z6MkjchhfUsD6mmvni8mCdXHw216Xrm9bQe2mBH1P5RDjVJG#z6LSrHyXiPBhUbvPUtyUCdf32sniiMGPTAesgHrtEa4FePtr"
+      ]
+    }
+  },
+  "did:key:z6MknGc3ocHs3zdPiJbnaaqDi58NGb4pk1Sp9WxWufuXSdxf": {
+    "seed": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002",
+    "verificationKeyPair": {
+      "id": "#z6MknGc3ocHs3zdPiJbnaaqDi58NGb4pk1Sp9WxWufuXSdxf",
+      "type": "Ed25519VerificationKey2018",
+      "controller": "did:key:z6MknGc3ocHs3zdPiJbnaaqDi58NGb4pk1Sp9WxWufuXSdxf",
+      "publicKeyBase58": "8pM1DN3RiT8vbom5u1sNryaNT1nyL8CTTW3b5PwWXRBH"
+    },
+    "keyAgreementKeyPair": {
+      "id": "#z6LSkkqoZRC34AEpbkhZCqLDcHQVAxuLpQ7kC8XCXMVUfvjE",
+      "type": "X25519KeyAgreementKey2019",
+      "controller": "did:key:z6MknGc3ocHs3zdPiJbnaaqDi58NGb4pk1Sp9WxWufuXSdxf",
+      "publicKeyBase58": "A5fe37PAxhX5WNKngBpGHhC1KpNE7nwbK9oX2tqwxYxU",
+      "privateKeyBase58": "ACa4PPJ1LnPNq1iwS33V3Akh7WtnC71WkKFZ9ccM6sX2"
+    },
+    "didDocument": {
+      "@context": [
+        "https://www.w3.org/ns/did/v1",
+        "https://w3id.org/security/suites/ed25519-2018/v1",
+        "https://w3id.org/security/suites/x25519-2019/v1"
+      ],
+      "id": "did:key:z6MknGc3ocHs3zdPiJbnaaqDi58NGb4pk1Sp9WxWufuXSdxf",
+      "verificationMethod": [
+        {
+          "id": "did:key:z6MknGc3ocHs3zdPiJbnaaqDi58NGb4pk1Sp9WxWufuXSdxf#z6MknGc3ocHs3zdPiJbnaaqDi58NGb4pk1Sp9WxWufuXSdxf",
+          "type": "Ed25519VerificationKey2018",
+          "controller": "did:key:z6MknGc3ocHs3zdPiJbnaaqDi58NGb4pk1Sp9WxWufuXSdxf",
+          "publicKeyBase58": "8pM1DN3RiT8vbom5u1sNryaNT1nyL8CTTW3b5PwWXRBH"
+        },
+        {
+          "id": "did:key:z6MknGc3ocHs3zdPiJbnaaqDi58NGb4pk1Sp9WxWufuXSdxf#z6LSkkqoZRC34AEpbkhZCqLDcHQVAxuLpQ7kC8XCXMVUfvjE",
+          "type": "X25519KeyAgreementKey2019",
+          "controller": "did:key:z6MknGc3ocHs3zdPiJbnaaqDi58NGb4pk1Sp9WxWufuXSdxf",
+          "publicKeyBase58": "A5fe37PAxhX5WNKngBpGHhC1KpNE7nwbK9oX2tqwxYxU"
+        }
+      ],
+      "assertionMethod": [
+        "did:key:z6MknGc3ocHs3zdPiJbnaaqDi58NGb4pk1Sp9WxWufuXSdxf#z6MknGc3ocHs3zdPiJbnaaqDi58NGb4pk1Sp9WxWufuXSdxf"
+      ],
+      "authentication": [
+        "did:key:z6MknGc3ocHs3zdPiJbnaaqDi58NGb4pk1Sp9WxWufuXSdxf#z6MknGc3ocHs3zdPiJbnaaqDi58NGb4pk1Sp9WxWufuXSdxf"
+      ],
+      "capabilityInvocation": [
+        "did:key:z6MknGc3ocHs3zdPiJbnaaqDi58NGb4pk1Sp9WxWufuXSdxf#z6MknGc3ocHs3zdPiJbnaaqDi58NGb4pk1Sp9WxWufuXSdxf"
+      ],
+      "capabilityDelegation": [
+        "did:key:z6MknGc3ocHs3zdPiJbnaaqDi58NGb4pk1Sp9WxWufuXSdxf#z6MknGc3ocHs3zdPiJbnaaqDi58NGb4pk1Sp9WxWufuXSdxf"
+      ],
+      "keyAgreement": [
+        "did:key:z6MknGc3ocHs3zdPiJbnaaqDi58NGb4pk1Sp9WxWufuXSdxf#z6LSkkqoZRC34AEpbkhZCqLDcHQVAxuLpQ7kC8XCXMVUfvjE"
+      ]
+    }
+  },
+  "did:key:z6MkvqoYXQfDDJRv8L4wKzxYeuKyVZBfi9Qo6Ro8MiLH3kDQ": {
+    "seed": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000003",
+    "verificationKeyPair": {
+      "id": "#z6MkvqoYXQfDDJRv8L4wKzxYeuKyVZBfi9Qo6Ro8MiLH3kDQ",
+      "type": "Ed25519VerificationKey2018",
+      "controller": "did:key:z6MkvqoYXQfDDJRv8L4wKzxYeuKyVZBfi9Qo6Ro8MiLH3kDQ",
+      "publicKeyBase58": "HPYVwAQmskwT1qEEeRzhoomyfyupJGASQQtCXSNG8XS2"
+    },
+    "keyAgreementKeyPair": {
+      "id": "#z6LSiUo6AEDat8Ze4nQzDo67SGuHLLwsUGkxndHGUjsywHow",
+      "type": "X25519KeyAgreementKey2019",
+      "controller": "did:key:z6MkvqoYXQfDDJRv8L4wKzxYeuKyVZBfi9Qo6Ro8MiLH3kDQ",
+      "publicKeyBase58": "7ocvdvQinfqtyQ3Dh9aA7ggoVCQkmfaoueZazHETDv3B",
+      "privateKeyBase58": "FZrzd1osCnbK6y6MJzMBW1RcVfL524sNKhSbqRwMuwHT"
+    },
+    "didDocument": {
+      "@context": [
+        "https://www.w3.org/ns/did/v1",
+        "https://w3id.org/security/suites/ed25519-2018/v1",
+        "https://w3id.org/security/suites/x25519-2019/v1"
+      ],
+      "id": "did:key:z6MkvqoYXQfDDJRv8L4wKzxYeuKyVZBfi9Qo6Ro8MiLH3kDQ",
+      "verificationMethod": [
+        {
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+          "type": "Ed25519VerificationKey2018",
+          "controller": "did:key:z6MkvqoYXQfDDJRv8L4wKzxYeuKyVZBfi9Qo6Ro8MiLH3kDQ",
+          "publicKeyBase58": "HPYVwAQmskwT1qEEeRzhoomyfyupJGASQQtCXSNG8XS2"
+        },
+        {
+          "id": "did:key:z6MkvqoYXQfDDJRv8L4wKzxYeuKyVZBfi9Qo6Ro8MiLH3kDQ#z6LSiUo6AEDat8Ze4nQzDo67SGuHLLwsUGkxndHGUjsywHow",
+          "type": "X25519KeyAgreementKey2019",
+          "controller": "did:key:z6MkvqoYXQfDDJRv8L4wKzxYeuKyVZBfi9Qo6Ro8MiLH3kDQ",
+          "publicKeyBase58": "7ocvdvQinfqtyQ3Dh9aA7ggoVCQkmfaoueZazHETDv3B"
+        }
+      ],
+      "assertionMethod": [
+        "did:key:z6MkvqoYXQfDDJRv8L4wKzxYeuKyVZBfi9Qo6Ro8MiLH3kDQ#z6MkvqoYXQfDDJRv8L4wKzxYeuKyVZBfi9Qo6Ro8MiLH3kDQ"
+      ],
+      "authentication": [
+        "did:key:z6MkvqoYXQfDDJRv8L4wKzxYeuKyVZBfi9Qo6Ro8MiLH3kDQ#z6MkvqoYXQfDDJRv8L4wKzxYeuKyVZBfi9Qo6Ro8MiLH3kDQ"
+      ],
+      "capabilityInvocation": [
+        "did:key:z6MkvqoYXQfDDJRv8L4wKzxYeuKyVZBfi9Qo6Ro8MiLH3kDQ#z6MkvqoYXQfDDJRv8L4wKzxYeuKyVZBfi9Qo6Ro8MiLH3kDQ"
+      ],
+      "capabilityDelegation": [
+        "did:key:z6MkvqoYXQfDDJRv8L4wKzxYeuKyVZBfi9Qo6Ro8MiLH3kDQ#z6MkvqoYXQfDDJRv8L4wKzxYeuKyVZBfi9Qo6Ro8MiLH3kDQ"
+      ],
+      "keyAgreement": [
+        "did:key:z6MkvqoYXQfDDJRv8L4wKzxYeuKyVZBfi9Qo6Ro8MiLH3kDQ#z6LSiUo6AEDat8Ze4nQzDo67SGuHLLwsUGkxndHGUjsywHow"
+      ]
+    }
+  },
+  "did:key:z6MkwYMhwTvsq376YBAcJHy3vyRWzBgn5vKfVqqDCgm7XVKU": {
+    "seed": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000005",
+    "verificationKeyPair": {
+      "id": "did:key:z6MkwYMhwTvsq376YBAcJHy3vyRWzBgn5vKfVqqDCgm7XVKU#z6MkwYMhwTvsq376YBAcJHy3vyRWzBgn5vKfVqqDCgm7XVKU",
+      "type": "JsonWebKey2020",
+      "controller": "did:key:z6MkwYMhwTvsq376YBAcJHy3vyRWzBgn5vKfVqqDCgm7XVKU",
+      "publicKeyJwk": {
+        "kty": "OKP",
+        "crv": "Ed25519",
+        "x": "_eT7oDCtAC98L31MMx9J0T-w7HR-zuvsY08f9MvKne8"
+      },
+      "privateKeyJwk": {
+        "kty": "OKP",
+        "crv": "Ed25519",
+        "x": "_eT7oDCtAC98L31MMx9J0T-w7HR-zuvsY08f9MvKne8",
+        "d": "AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAU"
+      }
+    },
+    "keyAgreementKeyPair": {
+      "id": "did:key:z6MkwYMhwTvsq376YBAcJHy3vyRWzBgn5vKfVqqDCgm7XVKU#z6LSmArkPSdTKjEESsExHRrSwUzYUHgDuWDewXc4nocasvFU",
+      "type": "JsonWebKey2020",
+      "controller": "did:key:z6MkwYMhwTvsq376YBAcJHy3vyRWzBgn5vKfVqqDCgm7XVKU",
+      "publicKeyJwk": {
+        "kty": "OKP",
+        "crv": "X25519",
+        "x": "jRIz3oriXDNZmnb35XQb7K1UIlz3ae1ao1YSqLeBXHs"
+      },
+      "privateKeyJwk": {
+        "kty": "OKP",
+        "crv": "X25519",
+        "x": "jRIz3oriXDNZmnb35XQb7K1UIlz3ae1ao1YSqLeBXHs",
+        "d": "aEAAB3VBFPCQtgF3N__wRiXhMOgeiRGstpPC3gnJ1Eo"
+      }
+    },
+    "didDocument": {
+      "@context": [
+        "https://www.w3.org/ns/did/v1",
+        "https://w3id.org/security/suites/jws-2020/v1"
+      ],
+      "id": "did:key:z6MkwYMhwTvsq376YBAcJHy3vyRWzBgn5vKfVqqDCgm7XVKU",
+      "verificationMethod": [
+        {
+          "id": "did:key:z6MkwYMhwTvsq376YBAcJHy3vyRWzBgn5vKfVqqDCgm7XVKU#z6MkwYMhwTvsq376YBAcJHy3vyRWzBgn5vKfVqqDCgm7XVKU",
+          "type": "JsonWebKey2020",
+          "controller": "did:key:z6MkwYMhwTvsq376YBAcJHy3vyRWzBgn5vKfVqqDCgm7XVKU",
+          "publicKeyJwk": {
+            "kty": "OKP",
+            "crv": "Ed25519",
+            "x": "_eT7oDCtAC98L31MMx9J0T-w7HR-zuvsY08f9MvKne8"
+          }
+        },
+        {
+          "id": "did:key:z6MkwYMhwTvsq376YBAcJHy3vyRWzBgn5vKfVqqDCgm7XVKU#z6LSmArkPSdTKjEESsExHRrSwUzYUHgDuWDewXc4nocasvFU",
+          "type": "JsonWebKey2020",
+          "controller": "did:key:z6MkwYMhwTvsq376YBAcJHy3vyRWzBgn5vKfVqqDCgm7XVKU",
+          "publicKeyJwk": {
+            "kty": "OKP",
+            "crv": "X25519",
+            "x": "jRIz3oriXDNZmnb35XQb7K1UIlz3ae1ao1YSqLeBXHs"
+          }
+        }
+      ],
+      "assertionMethod": [
+        "did:key:z6MkwYMhwTvsq376YBAcJHy3vyRWzBgn5vKfVqqDCgm7XVKU#z6MkwYMhwTvsq376YBAcJHy3vyRWzBgn5vKfVqqDCgm7XVKU"
+      ],
+      "authentication": [
+        "did:key:z6MkwYMhwTvsq376YBAcJHy3vyRWzBgn5vKfVqqDCgm7XVKU#z6MkwYMhwTvsq376YBAcJHy3vyRWzBgn5vKfVqqDCgm7XVKU"
+      ],
+      "capabilityInvocation": [
+        "did:key:z6MkwYMhwTvsq376YBAcJHy3vyRWzBgn5vKfVqqDCgm7XVKU#z6MkwYMhwTvsq376YBAcJHy3vyRWzBgn5vKfVqqDCgm7XVKU"
+      ],
+      "capabilityDelegation": [
+        "did:key:z6MkwYMhwTvsq376YBAcJHy3vyRWzBgn5vKfVqqDCgm7XVKU#z6MkwYMhwTvsq376YBAcJHy3vyRWzBgn5vKfVqqDCgm7XVKU"
+      ],
+      "keyAgreement": [
+        "did:key:z6MkwYMhwTvsq376YBAcJHy3vyRWzBgn5vKfVqqDCgm7XVKU#z6LSmArkPSdTKjEESsExHRrSwUzYUHgDuWDewXc4nocasvFU"
+      ]
+    }
+  }
+}

did/testvectors/nist-curves.json

@@ -0,0 +1,371 @@
+{
+  "did:key:zDnaerx9CtbPJ1q36T5Ln5wYt3MQYeGRG5ehnPAmxcf5mDZpv": {
+    "verificationMethod": {
+      "id": "#zDnaerx9CtbPJ1q36T5Ln5wYt3MQYeGRG5ehnPAmxcf5mDZpv",
+      "type": "JsonWebKey2020",
+      "controller": "did:key:zDnaerx9CtbPJ1q36T5Ln5wYt3MQYeGRG5ehnPAmxcf5mDZpv",
+      "publicKeyJwk": {
+        "kty": "EC",
+        "crv": "P-256",
+        "x": "igrFmi0whuihKnj9R3Om1SoMph72wUGeFaBbzG2vzns",
+        "y": "efsX5b10x8yjyrj4ny3pGfLcY7Xby1KzgqOdqnsrJIM"
+      },
+      "privateKeyJwk": {
+        "kty": "EC",
+        "crv": "P-256",
+        "x": "igrFmi0whuihKnj9R3Om1SoMph72wUGeFaBbzG2vzns",
+        "y": "efsX5b10x8yjyrj4ny3pGfLcY7Xby1KzgqOdqnsrJIM",
+        "d": "gPh-VvVS8MbvKQ9LSVVmfnxnKjHn4Tqj0bmbpehRlpc"
+      }
+    },
+    "didDocument": {
+      "@context": [
+        "https://www.w3.org/ns/did/v1",
+        "https://w3id.org/security/suites/jws-2020/v1"
+      ],
+      "id": "did:key:zDnaerx9CtbPJ1q36T5Ln5wYt3MQYeGRG5ehnPAmxcf5mDZpv",
+      "verificationMethod": [
+        {
+          "id": "did:key:zDnaerx9CtbPJ1q36T5Ln5wYt3MQYeGRG5ehnPAmxcf5mDZpv#zDnaerx9CtbPJ1q36T5Ln5wYt3MQYeGRG5ehnPAmxcf5mDZpv",
+          "type": "JsonWebKey2020",
+          "controller": "did:key:zDnaerx9CtbPJ1q36T5Ln5wYt3MQYeGRG5ehnPAmxcf5mDZpv",
+          "publicKeyJwk": {
+            "kty": "EC",
+            "crv": "P-256",
+            "x": "igrFmi0whuihKnj9R3Om1SoMph72wUGeFaBbzG2vzns",
+            "y": "efsX5b10x8yjyrj4ny3pGfLcY7Xby1KzgqOdqnsrJIM"
+          }
+        }
+      ],
+      "assertionMethod": [
+        "did:key:zDnaerx9CtbPJ1q36T5Ln5wYt3MQYeGRG5ehnPAmxcf5mDZpv#zDnaerx9CtbPJ1q36T5Ln5wYt3MQYeGRG5ehnPAmxcf5mDZpv"
+      ],
+      "authentication": [
+        "did:key:zDnaerx9CtbPJ1q36T5Ln5wYt3MQYeGRG5ehnPAmxcf5mDZpv#zDnaerx9CtbPJ1q36T5Ln5wYt3MQYeGRG5ehnPAmxcf5mDZpv"
+      ],
+      "capabilityInvocation": [
+        "did:key:zDnaerx9CtbPJ1q36T5Ln5wYt3MQYeGRG5ehnPAmxcf5mDZpv#zDnaerx9CtbPJ1q36T5Ln5wYt3MQYeGRG5ehnPAmxcf5mDZpv"
+      ],
+      "capabilityDelegation": [
+        "did:key:zDnaerx9CtbPJ1q36T5Ln5wYt3MQYeGRG5ehnPAmxcf5mDZpv#zDnaerx9CtbPJ1q36T5Ln5wYt3MQYeGRG5ehnPAmxcf5mDZpv"
+      ],
+      "keyAgreement": [
+        "did:key:zDnaerx9CtbPJ1q36T5Ln5wYt3MQYeGRG5ehnPAmxcf5mDZpv#zDnaerx9CtbPJ1q36T5Ln5wYt3MQYeGRG5ehnPAmxcf5mDZpv"
+      ]
+    }
+  },
+  "did:key:zDnaerDaTF5BXEavCrfRZEk316dpbLsfPDZ3WJ5hRTPFU2169": {
+    "verificationMethod": {
+      "id": "#zDnaerDaTF5BXEavCrfRZEk316dpbLsfPDZ3WJ5hRTPFU2169",
+      "type": "JsonWebKey2020",
+      "controller": "did:key:zDnaerDaTF5BXEavCrfRZEk316dpbLsfPDZ3WJ5hRTPFU2169",
+      "publicKeyJwk": {
+        "kty": "EC",
+        "crv": "P-256",
+        "x": "fyNYMN0976ci7xqiSdag3buk-ZCwgXU4kz9XNkBlNUI",
+        "y": "hW2ojTNfH7Jbi8--CJUo3OCbH3y5n91g-IMA9MLMbTU"
+      },
+      "privateKeyJwk": {
+        "kty": "EC",
+        "crv": "P-256",
+        "x": "fyNYMN0976ci7xqiSdag3buk-ZCwgXU4kz9XNkBlNUI",
+        "y": "hW2ojTNfH7Jbi8--CJUo3OCbH3y5n91g-IMA9MLMbTU",
+        "d": "YjRs6vNvw4sYrzVVY8ipkEpDAD9PFqw1sUnvPRMA-WI"
+      }
+    },
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+      "@context": [
+        "https://www.w3.org/ns/did/v1",
+        "https://w3id.org/security/suites/jws-2020/v1"
+      ],
+      "id": "did:key:zDnaerDaTF5BXEavCrfRZEk316dpbLsfPDZ3WJ5hRTPFU2169",
+      "verificationMethod": [
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+          "type": "JsonWebKey2020",
+          "controller": "did:key:zDnaerDaTF5BXEavCrfRZEk316dpbLsfPDZ3WJ5hRTPFU2169",
+          "publicKeyJwk": {
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+      ]
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+      }
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+        "https://www.w3.org/ns/did/v1",
+        "https://w3id.org/security/suites/jws-2020/v1"
+      ],
+      "id": "did:key:z82Lm1MpAkeJcix9K8TMiLd5NMAhnwkjjCBeWHXyu3U4oT2MVJJKXkcVBgjGhnLBn2Kaau9",
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+      ]
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+      ]
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+      }
+    },
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+        "https://w3id.org/security/suites/jws-2020/v1"
+      ],
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+          }
+        }
+      ],
+      "assertionMethod": [
+        "did:key:z2J9gcGdb2nEyMDmzQYv2QZQcM1vXktvy1Pw4MduSWxGabLZ9XESSWLQgbuPhwnXN7zP7HpTzWqrMTzaY5zWe6hpzJ2jnw4f#z2J9gcGdb2nEyMDmzQYv2QZQcM1vXktvy1Pw4MduSWxGabLZ9XESSWLQgbuPhwnXN7zP7HpTzWqrMTzaY5zWe6hpzJ2jnw4f"
+      ],
+      "authentication": [
+        "did:key:z2J9gcGdb2nEyMDmzQYv2QZQcM1vXktvy1Pw4MduSWxGabLZ9XESSWLQgbuPhwnXN7zP7HpTzWqrMTzaY5zWe6hpzJ2jnw4f#z2J9gcGdb2nEyMDmzQYv2QZQcM1vXktvy1Pw4MduSWxGabLZ9XESSWLQgbuPhwnXN7zP7HpTzWqrMTzaY5zWe6hpzJ2jnw4f"
+      ],
+      "capabilityInvocation": [
+        "did:key:z2J9gcGdb2nEyMDmzQYv2QZQcM1vXktvy1Pw4MduSWxGabLZ9XESSWLQgbuPhwnXN7zP7HpTzWqrMTzaY5zWe6hpzJ2jnw4f#z2J9gcGdb2nEyMDmzQYv2QZQcM1vXktvy1Pw4MduSWxGabLZ9XESSWLQgbuPhwnXN7zP7HpTzWqrMTzaY5zWe6hpzJ2jnw4f"
+      ],
+      "capabilityDelegation": [
+        "did:key:z2J9gcGdb2nEyMDmzQYv2QZQcM1vXktvy1Pw4MduSWxGabLZ9XESSWLQgbuPhwnXN7zP7HpTzWqrMTzaY5zWe6hpzJ2jnw4f#z2J9gcGdb2nEyMDmzQYv2QZQcM1vXktvy1Pw4MduSWxGabLZ9XESSWLQgbuPhwnXN7zP7HpTzWqrMTzaY5zWe6hpzJ2jnw4f"
+      ],
+      "keyAgreement": [
+        "did:key:z2J9gcGdb2nEyMDmzQYv2QZQcM1vXktvy1Pw4MduSWxGabLZ9XESSWLQgbuPhwnXN7zP7HpTzWqrMTzaY5zWe6hpzJ2jnw4f#z2J9gcGdb2nEyMDmzQYv2QZQcM1vXktvy1Pw4MduSWxGabLZ9XESSWLQgbuPhwnXN7zP7HpTzWqrMTzaY5zWe6hpzJ2jnw4f"
+      ]
+    }
+  },
+  "did:key:zDnaeTiq1PdzvZXUaMdezchcMJQpBdH2VN4pgrrEhMCCbmwSb": {
+    "verificationMethod": {
+      "id": "did:key:zDnaeTiq1PdzvZXUaMdezchcMJQpBdH2VN4pgrrEhMCCbmwSb#zDnaeTiq1PdzvZXUaMdezchcMJQpBdH2VN4pgrrEhMCCbmwSb",
+      "type": "P256Key2021",
+      "controller": "did:key:zDnaeTiq1PdzvZXUaMdezchcMJQpBdH2VN4pgrrEhMCCbmwSb",
+      "publicKeyBase58": "ekVhkcBFq3w7jULLkBVye6PwaTuMbhJYuzwFnNcgQAPV",
+      "privateKeyBase58": "9p4VRzdmhsnq869vQjVCTrRry7u4TtfRxhvBFJTGU2Cp"
+    },
+    "didDocument": {
+      "@context": [
+        "https://www.w3.org/ns/did/v1",
+        "https://w3id.org/security/suites/multikey-2021/v1"
+      ],
+      "id": "did:key:zDnaeTiq1PdzvZXUaMdezchcMJQpBdH2VN4pgrrEhMCCbmwSb",
+      "verificationMethod": [
+        {
+          "id": "did:key:zDnaeTiq1PdzvZXUaMdezchcMJQpBdH2VN4pgrrEhMCCbmwSb#zDnaeTiq1PdzvZXUaMdezchcMJQpBdH2VN4pgrrEhMCCbmwSb",
+          "type": "P256Key2021",
+          "controller": "did:key:zDnaeTiq1PdzvZXUaMdezchcMJQpBdH2VN4pgrrEhMCCbmwSb",
+          "publicKeyBase58": "ekVhkcBFq3w7jULLkBVye6PwaTuMbhJYuzwFnNcgQAPV"
+        }
+      ],
+      "assertionMethod": [
+        "did:key:zDnaeTiq1PdzvZXUaMdezchcMJQpBdH2VN4pgrrEhMCCbmwSb#zDnaeTiq1PdzvZXUaMdezchcMJQpBdH2VN4pgrrEhMCCbmwSb"
+      ],
+      "authentication": [
+        "did:key:zDnaeTiq1PdzvZXUaMdezchcMJQpBdH2VN4pgrrEhMCCbmwSb#zDnaeTiq1PdzvZXUaMdezchcMJQpBdH2VN4pgrrEhMCCbmwSb"
+      ],
+      "capabilityInvocation": [
+        "did:key:zDnaeTiq1PdzvZXUaMdezchcMJQpBdH2VN4pgrrEhMCCbmwSb#zDnaeTiq1PdzvZXUaMdezchcMJQpBdH2VN4pgrrEhMCCbmwSb"
+      ],
+      "capabilityDelegation": [
+        "did:key:zDnaeTiq1PdzvZXUaMdezchcMJQpBdH2VN4pgrrEhMCCbmwSb#zDnaeTiq1PdzvZXUaMdezchcMJQpBdH2VN4pgrrEhMCCbmwSb"
+      ],
+      "keyAgreement": [
+        "did:key:zDnaeTiq1PdzvZXUaMdezchcMJQpBdH2VN4pgrrEhMCCbmwSb#zDnaeTiq1PdzvZXUaMdezchcMJQpBdH2VN4pgrrEhMCCbmwSb"
+      ]
+    }
+  }
+}

did/testvectors/rsa.json

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+{
+  "did:key:z4MXj1wBzi9jUstyPMS4jQqB6KdJaiatPkAtVtGc6bQEQEEsKTic4G7Rou3iBf9vPmT5dbkm9qsZsuVNjq8HCuW1w24nhBFGkRE4cd2Uf2tfrB3N7h4mnyPp1BF3ZttHTYv3DLUPi1zMdkULiow3M1GfXkoC6DoxDUm1jmN6GBj22SjVsr6dxezRVQc7aj9TxE7JLbMH1wh5X3kA58H3DFW8rnYMakFGbca5CB2Jf6CnGQZmL7o5uJAdTwXfy2iiiyPxXEGerMhHwhjTA1mKYobyk2CpeEcmvynADfNZ5MBvcCS7m3XkFCMNUYBS9NQ3fze6vMSUPsNa6GVYmKx2x6JrdEjCk3qRMMmyjnjCMfR4pXbRMZa3i": {
+    "publicKeyJwk": {
+      "kty": "RSA",
+      "n": "sbX82NTV6IylxCh7MfV4hlyvaniCajuP97GyOqSvTmoEdBOflFvZ06kR_9D6ctt45Fk6hskfnag2GG69NALVH2o4RCR6tQiLRpKcMRtDYE_thEmfBvDzm_VVkOIYfxu-Ipuo9J_S5XDNDjczx2v-3oDh5-CIHkU46hvFeCvpUS-L8TJSbgX0kjVk_m4eIb9wh63rtmD6Uz_KBtCo5mmR4TEtcLZKYdqMp3wCjN-TlgHiz_4oVXWbHUefCEe8rFnX1iQnpDHU49_SaXQoud1jCaexFn25n-Aa8f8bc5Vm-5SeRwidHa6ErvEhTvf1dz6GoNPp2iRvm-wJ1gxwWJEYPQ",
+      "e": "AQAB"
+    },
+    "privateKeyJwk": {
+      "kty": "RSA",
+      "n": "sbX82NTV6IylxCh7MfV4hlyvaniCajuP97GyOqSvTmoEdBOflFvZ06kR_9D6ctt45Fk6hskfnag2GG69NALVH2o4RCR6tQiLRpKcMRtDYE_thEmfBvDzm_VVkOIYfxu-Ipuo9J_S5XDNDjczx2v-3oDh5-CIHkU46hvFeCvpUS-L8TJSbgX0kjVk_m4eIb9wh63rtmD6Uz_KBtCo5mmR4TEtcLZKYdqMp3wCjN-TlgHiz_4oVXWbHUefCEe8rFnX1iQnpDHU49_SaXQoud1jCaexFn25n-Aa8f8bc5Vm-5SeRwidHa6ErvEhTvf1dz6GoNPp2iRvm-wJ1gxwWJEYPQ",
+      "e": "AQAB",
+      "d": "Eym3sT4KLwBzo5pl5nY83-hAti92iLQRizkrKe22RbNi9Y1kKOBatdtGaJqFVztZZu5ERGKNuTd5VdsjJeekSbXviVGRtdHNCvgmRZlWA5261AgIUPxMmKW062GmGJbKQvscFfziBgHK6tyDBd8cZavqMFHi-7ilMYF7IsFBcJKM85x_30pnfd4YwhGQIc9hzv238aOwYKg8c-MzYhEVUnL273jaiLVlfZWQ5ca-GXJHmdOb_Y4fE5gpXfPFBseqleXsMp0VuXxCEsN30LIJHYscdPtbzLD3LFbuMJglFbQqYqssqymILGqJ7Tc2mB2LmXevfqRWz5D7A_K1WzvuoQ",
+      "p": "ANwlk-eVXPQplCmr7VddX8MAlN5YWvfXkbJe2KOhyS7naSlfMyeW6I0z6q6MAI4h8cs9yEzwmN1oEl_6tZ_-NPd1Oda2Hq5jHx0Jq2P5exIMMbzTTHbB-LjMB4c-b1DZLOrL7ZpCS-CcEHvBz4phzHa7gqz2SrNIGozufbjS_tK5",
+      "q": "AM6nKRFqRgHiUtGc0xJawpXJeokGhJQFfinDlakjkptuRQNv0BOz8fRUxk6zwwYrx-T_Yk-0oAFsD8qWIgiXg8Wf0bdRW0L0dIH4c6ff3mSREXeAT2h3XDaF0F1YKns08WyYWtOuIiYWChyO9sweK7AUuaOJ-6lr6lElzTGHVf-l",
+      "dp": "AIHFBPK2cRzchaIq3rVpLVHdveNzYexG_nOOxVVvwRANCUiB_b2Qj3Ts7aIGlS0zhTyxJql0Cig5eNtrBjVRvBdC2t1ebaeOdoC_enBsV8fDuG3-gExg-ySz4JwwiZ2252tg2qbb_a5hULYjARwpmkVDMzyR0mbsUfpRe3q_pcbB",
+      "dq": "Id2bCVOVLXHdiKReor9k7A8cmaAL0gYkasu2lwVRXU9w1-NXAiOXHydVaEhlSXmbRJflkJJVNmZzIAwCf830tko-oAAhKJPPFA2XRoeVdn2fkynf2YrV_cloICP2skI23kkJeW8sAXnTJmL3ZvP6zNxYn8hZCaa5u5qqSdeX7FE",
+      "qi": "WKIToXXnjl7GDbz7jCNbX9nWYOE5BDNzVmwiVOnyGoTZfwJ_qtgizj7pOapxi6dT9S9mMavmeAi6LAsEe1WUWtaKSNhbNh0PUGGXlXHGlhkS8jI1ot0e-scrHAuACE567YQ4VurpNorPKtZ5UENXIn74DEmt4l5m6902VF3X5Wo"
+    },
+    "didDocument": {
+      "@context": [
+        "https://www.w3.org/ns/did/v1",
+        "https://w3id.org/security/suites/jws-2020/v1"
+      ],
+      "id": "did:key:z4MXj1wBzi9jUstyPMS4jQqB6KdJaiatPkAtVtGc6bQEQEEsKTic4G7Rou3iBf9vPmT5dbkm9qsZsuVNjq8HCuW1w24nhBFGkRE4cd2Uf2tfrB3N7h4mnyPp1BF3ZttHTYv3DLUPi1zMdkULiow3M1GfXkoC6DoxDUm1jmN6GBj22SjVsr6dxezRVQc7aj9TxE7JLbMH1wh5X3kA58H3DFW8rnYMakFGbca5CB2Jf6CnGQZmL7o5uJAdTwXfy2iiiyPxXEGerMhHwhjTA1mKYobyk2CpeEcmvynADfNZ5MBvcCS7m3XkFCMNUYBS9NQ3fze6vMSUPsNa6GVYmKx2x6JrdEjCk3qRMMmyjnjCMfR4pXbRMZa3i",
+      "verificationMethod": [
+        {
+          "id": "did:key:z4MXj1wBzi9jUstyPMS4jQqB6KdJaiatPkAtVtGc6bQEQEEsKTic4G7Rou3iBf9vPmT5dbkm9qsZsuVNjq8HCuW1w24nhBFGkRE4cd2Uf2tfrB3N7h4mnyPp1BF3ZttHTYv3DLUPi1zMdkULiow3M1GfXkoC6DoxDUm1jmN6GBj22SjVsr6dxezRVQc7aj9TxE7JLbMH1wh5X3kA58H3DFW8rnYMakFGbca5CB2Jf6CnGQZmL7o5uJAdTwXfy2iiiyPxXEGerMhHwhjTA1mKYobyk2CpeEcmvynADfNZ5MBvcCS7m3XkFCMNUYBS9NQ3fze6vMSUPsNa6GVYmKx2x6JrdEjCk3qRMMmyjnjCMfR4pXbRMZa3i#z4MXj1wBzi9jUstyPMS4jQqB6KdJaiatPkAtVtGc6bQEQEEsKTic4G7Rou3iBf9vPmT5dbkm9qsZsuVNjq8HCuW1w24nhBFGkRE4cd2Uf2tfrB3N7h4mnyPp1BF3ZttHTYv3DLUPi1zMdkULiow3M1GfXkoC6DoxDUm1jmN6GBj22SjVsr6dxezRVQc7aj9TxE7JLbMH1wh5X3kA58H3DFW8rnYMakFGbca5CB2Jf6CnGQZmL7o5uJAdTwXfy2iiiyPxXEGerMhHwhjTA1mKYobyk2CpeEcmvynADfNZ5MBvcCS7m3XkFCMNUYBS9NQ3fze6vMSUPsNa6GVYmKx2x6JrdEjCk3qRMMmyjnjCMfR4pXbRMZa3i",
+          "type": "JsonWebKey2020",
+          "controller": "did:key:z4MXj1wBzi9jUstyPMS4jQqB6KdJaiatPkAtVtGc6bQEQEEsKTic4G7Rou3iBf9vPmT5dbkm9qsZsuVNjq8HCuW1w24nhBFGkRE4cd2Uf2tfrB3N7h4mnyPp1BF3ZttHTYv3DLUPi1zMdkULiow3M1GfXkoC6DoxDUm1jmN6GBj22SjVsr6dxezRVQc7aj9TxE7JLbMH1wh5X3kA58H3DFW8rnYMakFGbca5CB2Jf6CnGQZmL7o5uJAdTwXfy2iiiyPxXEGerMhHwhjTA1mKYobyk2CpeEcmvynADfNZ5MBvcCS7m3XkFCMNUYBS9NQ3fze6vMSUPsNa6GVYmKx2x6JrdEjCk3qRMMmyjnjCMfR4pXbRMZa3i",
+          "publicKeyJwk": {
+            "kty": "RSA",
+            "n": "sbX82NTV6IylxCh7MfV4hlyvaniCajuP97GyOqSvTmoEdBOflFvZ06kR_9D6ctt45Fk6hskfnag2GG69NALVH2o4RCR6tQiLRpKcMRtDYE_thEmfBvDzm_VVkOIYfxu-Ipuo9J_S5XDNDjczx2v-3oDh5-CIHkU46hvFeCvpUS-L8TJSbgX0kjVk_m4eIb9wh63rtmD6Uz_KBtCo5mmR4TEtcLZKYdqMp3wCjN-TlgHiz_4oVXWbHUefCEe8rFnX1iQnpDHU49_SaXQoud1jCaexFn25n-Aa8f8bc5Vm-5SeRwidHa6ErvEhTvf1dz6GoNPp2iRvm-wJ1gxwWJEYPQ",
+            "e": "AQAB"
+          }
+        }
+      ],
+      "authentication": [
+        "did:key:z4MXj1wBzi9jUstyPMS4jQqB6KdJaiatPkAtVtGc6bQEQEEsKTic4G7Rou3iBf9vPmT5dbkm9qsZsuVNjq8HCuW1w24nhBFGkRE4cd2Uf2tfrB3N7h4mnyPp1BF3ZttHTYv3DLUPi1zMdkULiow3M1GfXkoC6DoxDUm1jmN6GBj22SjVsr6dxezRVQc7aj9TxE7JLbMH1wh5X3kA58H3DFW8rnYMakFGbca5CB2Jf6CnGQZmL7o5uJAdTwXfy2iiiyPxXEGerMhHwhjTA1mKYobyk2CpeEcmvynADfNZ5MBvcCS7m3XkFCMNUYBS9NQ3fze6vMSUPsNa6GVYmKx2x6JrdEjCk3qRMMmyjnjCMfR4pXbRMZa3i#z4MXj1wBzi9jUstyPMS4jQqB6KdJaiatPkAtVtGc6bQEQEEsKTic4G7Rou3iBf9vPmT5dbkm9qsZsuVNjq8HCuW1w24nhBFGkRE4cd2Uf2tfrB3N7h4mnyPp1BF3ZttHTYv3DLUPi1zMdkULiow3M1GfXkoC6DoxDUm1jmN6GBj22SjVsr6dxezRVQc7aj9TxE7JLbMH1wh5X3kA58H3DFW8rnYMakFGbca5CB2Jf6CnGQZmL7o5uJAdTwXfy2iiiyPxXEGerMhHwhjTA1mKYobyk2CpeEcmvynADfNZ5MBvcCS7m3XkFCMNUYBS9NQ3fze6vMSUPsNa6GVYmKx2x6JrdEjCk3qRMMmyjnjCMfR4pXbRMZa3i"
+      ],
+      "assertionMethod": [
+        "did:key:z4MXj1wBzi9jUstyPMS4jQqB6KdJaiatPkAtVtGc6bQEQEEsKTic4G7Rou3iBf9vPmT5dbkm9qsZsuVNjq8HCuW1w24nhBFGkRE4cd2Uf2tfrB3N7h4mnyPp1BF3ZttHTYv3DLUPi1zMdkULiow3M1GfXkoC6DoxDUm1jmN6GBj22SjVsr6dxezRVQc7aj9TxE7JLbMH1wh5X3kA58H3DFW8rnYMakFGbca5CB2Jf6CnGQZmL7o5uJAdTwXfy2iiiyPxXEGerMhHwhjTA1mKYobyk2CpeEcmvynADfNZ5MBvcCS7m3XkFCMNUYBS9NQ3fze6vMSUPsNa6GVYmKx2x6JrdEjCk3qRMMmyjnjCMfR4pXbRMZa3i#z4MXj1wBzi9jUstyPMS4jQqB6KdJaiatPkAtVtGc6bQEQEEsKTic4G7Rou3iBf9vPmT5dbkm9qsZsuVNjq8HCuW1w24nhBFGkRE4cd2Uf2tfrB3N7h4mnyPp1BF3ZttHTYv3DLUPi1zMdkULiow3M1GfXkoC6DoxDUm1jmN6GBj22SjVsr6dxezRVQc7aj9TxE7JLbMH1wh5X3kA58H3DFW8rnYMakFGbca5CB2Jf6CnGQZmL7o5uJAdTwXfy2iiiyPxXEGerMhHwhjTA1mKYobyk2CpeEcmvynADfNZ5MBvcCS7m3XkFCMNUYBS9NQ3fze6vMSUPsNa6GVYmKx2x6JrdEjCk3qRMMmyjnjCMfR4pXbRMZa3i"
+      ],
+      "capabilityDelegation": [
+        "did:key:z4MXj1wBzi9jUstyPMS4jQqB6KdJaiatPkAtVtGc6bQEQEEsKTic4G7Rou3iBf9vPmT5dbkm9qsZsuVNjq8HCuW1w24nhBFGkRE4cd2Uf2tfrB3N7h4mnyPp1BF3ZttHTYv3DLUPi1zMdkULiow3M1GfXkoC6DoxDUm1jmN6GBj22SjVsr6dxezRVQc7aj9TxE7JLbMH1wh5X3kA58H3DFW8rnYMakFGbca5CB2Jf6CnGQZmL7o5uJAdTwXfy2iiiyPxXEGerMhHwhjTA1mKYobyk2CpeEcmvynADfNZ5MBvcCS7m3XkFCMNUYBS9NQ3fze6vMSUPsNa6GVYmKx2x6JrdEjCk3qRMMmyjnjCMfR4pXbRMZa3i#z4MXj1wBzi9jUstyPMS4jQqB6KdJaiatPkAtVtGc6bQEQEEsKTic4G7Rou3iBf9vPmT5dbkm9qsZsuVNjq8HCuW1w24nhBFGkRE4cd2Uf2tfrB3N7h4mnyPp1BF3ZttHTYv3DLUPi1zMdkULiow3M1GfXkoC6DoxDUm1jmN6GBj22SjVsr6dxezRVQc7aj9TxE7JLbMH1wh5X3kA58H3DFW8rnYMakFGbca5CB2Jf6CnGQZmL7o5uJAdTwXfy2iiiyPxXEGerMhHwhjTA1mKYobyk2CpeEcmvynADfNZ5MBvcCS7m3XkFCMNUYBS9NQ3fze6vMSUPsNa6GVYmKx2x6JrdEjCk3qRMMmyjnjCMfR4pXbRMZa3i"
+      ],
+      "capabilityInvocation": [
+        "did:key:z4MXj1wBzi9jUstyPMS4jQqB6KdJaiatPkAtVtGc6bQEQEEsKTic4G7Rou3iBf9vPmT5dbkm9qsZsuVNjq8HCuW1w24nhBFGkRE4cd2Uf2tfrB3N7h4mnyPp1BF3ZttHTYv3DLUPi1zMdkULiow3M1GfXkoC6DoxDUm1jmN6GBj22SjVsr6dxezRVQc7aj9TxE7JLbMH1wh5X3kA58H3DFW8rnYMakFGbca5CB2Jf6CnGQZmL7o5uJAdTwXfy2iiiyPxXEGerMhHwhjTA1mKYobyk2CpeEcmvynADfNZ5MBvcCS7m3XkFCMNUYBS9NQ3fze6vMSUPsNa6GVYmKx2x6JrdEjCk3qRMMmyjnjCMfR4pXbRMZa3i#z4MXj1wBzi9jUstyPMS4jQqB6KdJaiatPkAtVtGc6bQEQEEsKTic4G7Rou3iBf9vPmT5dbkm9qsZsuVNjq8HCuW1w24nhBFGkRE4cd2Uf2tfrB3N7h4mnyPp1BF3ZttHTYv3DLUPi1zMdkULiow3M1GfXkoC6DoxDUm1jmN6GBj22SjVsr6dxezRVQc7aj9TxE7JLbMH1wh5X3kA58H3DFW8rnYMakFGbca5CB2Jf6CnGQZmL7o5uJAdTwXfy2iiiyPxXEGerMhHwhjTA1mKYobyk2CpeEcmvynADfNZ5MBvcCS7m3XkFCMNUYBS9NQ3fze6vMSUPsNa6GVYmKx2x6JrdEjCk3qRMMmyjnjCMfR4pXbRMZa3i"
+      ],
+      "keyAgreement": [
+        "did:key:z4MXj1wBzi9jUstyPMS4jQqB6KdJaiatPkAtVtGc6bQEQEEsKTic4G7Rou3iBf9vPmT5dbkm9qsZsuVNjq8HCuW1w24nhBFGkRE4cd2Uf2tfrB3N7h4mnyPp1BF3ZttHTYv3DLUPi1zMdkULiow3M1GfXkoC6DoxDUm1jmN6GBj22SjVsr6dxezRVQc7aj9TxE7JLbMH1wh5X3kA58H3DFW8rnYMakFGbca5CB2Jf6CnGQZmL7o5uJAdTwXfy2iiiyPxXEGerMhHwhjTA1mKYobyk2CpeEcmvynADfNZ5MBvcCS7m3XkFCMNUYBS9NQ3fze6vMSUPsNa6GVYmKx2x6JrdEjCk3qRMMmyjnjCMfR4pXbRMZa3i#z4MXj1wBzi9jUstyPMS4jQqB6KdJaiatPkAtVtGc6bQEQEEsKTic4G7Rou3iBf9vPmT5dbkm9qsZsuVNjq8HCuW1w24nhBFGkRE4cd2Uf2tfrB3N7h4mnyPp1BF3ZttHTYv3DLUPi1zMdkULiow3M1GfXkoC6DoxDUm1jmN6GBj22SjVsr6dxezRVQc7aj9TxE7JLbMH1wh5X3kA58H3DFW8rnYMakFGbca5CB2Jf6CnGQZmL7o5uJAdTwXfy2iiiyPxXEGerMhHwhjTA1mKYobyk2CpeEcmvynADfNZ5MBvcCS7m3XkFCMNUYBS9NQ3fze6vMSUPsNa6GVYmKx2x6JrdEjCk3qRMMmyjnjCMfR4pXbRMZa3i"
+      ]
+    }
+  },
+  "did:key: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": {
+    "publicKeyJwk": {
+      "kty": "RSA",
+      "n": "qMCkFFRFWtzUyZeK8mgJdyM6SEQcXC5E6JwCRVDld-jlJs8sXNOE_vliexq34wZRQ4hk53-JPFlvZ_QjRgIxdUxSMiZ3S5hlNVvvRaue6SMakA9ugQhnfXaWORro0UbPuHLms-bg5StDP8-8tIezu9c1H1FjwPcdbV6rAvKhyhnsM10qP3v2CPbdE0q3FOsihoKuTelImtO110E7N6fLn4U3EYbC4OyViqlrP1o_1M-R-tiM1cb4pD7XKJnIs6ryZdfOQSPBJwjNqSdN6Py_tdrFgPDTyacSSdpTVADOM2IMAoYbhV1N5APhnjOHBRFyKkF1HffQKpmXQLBqvUNNjuhmpVKWBtrTdcCKrglFXiw0cKGHKxIirjmiOlB_HYHg5UdosyE3_1Txct2U7-WBB6QXak1UgxCzgKYBDI8UPA0RlkUuHHP_Zg0fVXrXIInHO04MYxUeSps5qqyP6dJBu_v_BDn3zUq6LYFwJ_-xsU7zbrKYB4jaRlHPoCj_eDC-rSA2uQ4KXHBB8_aAqNFC9ukWxc26Ifz9dF968DLuL30bi-ZAa2oUh492Pw1bg89J7i4qTsOOfpQvGyDV7TGhKuUG3Hbumfr2w16S-_3EI2RIyd1nYsflE6ZmCkZQMG_lwDAFXaqfyGKEDouJuja4XH8r4fGWeGTrozIoniXT1HU",
+      "e": "AQAB"
+    },
+    "privateKeyJwk": {
+      "kty": "RSA",
+      "n": "qMCkFFRFWtzUyZeK8mgJdyM6SEQcXC5E6JwCRVDld-jlJs8sXNOE_vliexq34wZRQ4hk53-JPFlvZ_QjRgIxdUxSMiZ3S5hlNVvvRaue6SMakA9ugQhnfXaWORro0UbPuHLms-bg5StDP8-8tIezu9c1H1FjwPcdbV6rAvKhyhnsM10qP3v2CPbdE0q3FOsihoKuTelImtO110E7N6fLn4U3EYbC4OyViqlrP1o_1M-R-tiM1cb4pD7XKJnIs6ryZdfOQSPBJwjNqSdN6Py_tdrFgPDTyacSSdpTVADOM2IMAoYbhV1N5APhnjOHBRFyKkF1HffQKpmXQLBqvUNNjuhmpVKWBtrTdcCKrglFXiw0cKGHKxIirjmiOlB_HYHg5UdosyE3_1Txct2U7-WBB6QXak1UgxCzgKYBDI8UPA0RlkUuHHP_Zg0fVXrXIInHO04MYxUeSps5qqyP6dJBu_v_BDn3zUq6LYFwJ_-xsU7zbrKYB4jaRlHPoCj_eDC-rSA2uQ4KXHBB8_aAqNFC9ukWxc26Ifz9dF968DLuL30bi-ZAa2oUh492Pw1bg89J7i4qTsOOfpQvGyDV7TGhKuUG3Hbumfr2w16S-_3EI2RIyd1nYsflE6ZmCkZQMG_lwDAFXaqfyGKEDouJuja4XH8r4fGWeGTrozIoniXT1HU",
+      "e": "AQAB",
+      "d": "TMq1H-clVG7PihkjCqJbRFLMj9wmx6_qfauYwPBKK-HYfWujdW5vxBO6Q-jpqy7RxhiISmxYCBVuw_BuKMqQtR8Q_G9StBzaWYjHfn3Vp6Poz4umLqOjbI2NWNks_ybpGbd30oAK8V5ZkO04ozJpkN4i92hzK3mIc5-z1HiTNUPMn6cStab0VCn6em_ylltV774CEcRJ3OLgid7OUspRt_rID3qyreYbOulTu5WXHIGEnZDzrciIlz1dbcVldpUhD0VAP5ZErD2uUP5oztBNcTTn0YBF8CrOALuQVdaz_t_sNS3P0kWeT1eQ0QwDskO5Hw-Aey2tFeWk1bQyLoQ1A0jsw8mDbkO2zrGfJoxmVBkueTK-q64_n1kV7W1aeJFRj4NwEWmwcrs8GSOGOn38fGB_Y3Kci04qvD6L0QZbFkAVzcJracnxbTdHCEX0jsAAPbYC8M_8PyrPJvPC4IAAWTRrSRbysb7r7viRf4A1vTK9VT7uYyxj7Kzx2cU12d9QBXYfdQ2744bUE7HqN-Vh2rHvv2l5v6vzBRoZ5_OhHHVeUYwC9LouE9lSVAObbFM-Qe1SvzbbwN91LziI7UzUc_xMAEiNwt6PpnIAWAhdvSRawEllTwUcn89udHd5UhiAcm-RQOqXIdA9Aly6d8TT8R1p-ZnQ_gbZyBZeS39AuvU=",
+      "p": "1p4cypsJeTyVXXc5bQpvzVenPy78OHXtGcFQnbTjW8x1GsvJ-rlHAcjUImd44pgNQNe-iYpeUg3KqfONeedNgQCFd8kP7GoVAd45mEvsGBXvjoCXOBMQlsf8UU_hm_LKhVvTvTmMGoudnNv5qYNDMCGJGzwoG-aSvROlIoXzHmDnusZ-hKsDxM9j0PPz21t99Y_Fr30Oq3FIWXPVmLYmfyZYQkxm9a9WNMkqRbwJuMwGI6V9ABsQ1dW_KJzp_aEBbJLcDr9DsWhm9ErLeAlzyaDYEai6wCtKm9em4LDwCbKhJq3hWEp1sIG-hwx1sk7N4i-b8lBijjEQE-dbSQxUlw==",
+      "q": "yUqMejfrttGujadj7Uf7q91KM7nbQGny4TjD-CqibcFE-s2_DExCgP1wfhUPfJr2uPQDIe4g12uaNoa5GbCSDaQwEmQpurC_5mazt-z-_tbI24hoPQm5Hq67fZz-jDE_3OccLPLIWtajJqmxHbbB5VqskMuXo8KDxPRfBQBhykmb9_5M8pY2ggZOV4shCUn5E9nOnvibvw5Wx4CBtWUtca4rhpd3mVen1d8xCe4xTG_ni_w1lwdxzU1GmRFqgTuZWzL0r2FKzJg7hju1SOEe4tKMxQ-xs2HyNaMM__SLsNmS3lsYZ8r2hqcjEMQQZI0T_O-3BjIpyg986P8j055E0w==",
+      "dp": "DujzJRw6P0L3OYQT6EBmXgSt6NTRzvZaX4SvnhU4CmOc6xynTpTamwQhwLYhjtRzb0LNyO5k-RxeLQpvlL1-A-1OWHEOeyUvim6u36a-ozm659KFLu8cIu2H2PpMuTHX4gXsIuRBmIKEk6YwpRcqbsiVpt-6BZ4yKZKY0Vou9rhSwQYTOhJLc7vYumaIVX_4szumxzdP8pcvKI_EkhRtfj3iudBnAsCIo6gqGKgkoMMD1iwkEALRW5m66w5jrywlVi6pvRiKkmOna2da1V8KvUJAYJGxT7JyP3tu64M_Wd0gFvjTg_fAT1_kJau27YlOAl2-Xso43poH_OoAzIVfxw==",
+      "dq": "XI6Z76z9BxB9mgcpTLc3wzw63XQNnB3bn7JRcjBwhdVD2at3uLjsL5HaAy-98kbzQfJ56kUr9sI0o_Po8yYc0ob3z80c3wpdAx2gb-dbDWVH8KJVhBOPestPzR--cEpJGlNuwkBU3mgplyKaHZamq8a46M-lB5jurEbN1mfpj3GvdSYKzdVCdSFfLqP76eCI1pblinW4b-6w-oVdn0JJ1icHPpkxVmJW-2Hok69iHcqrBtRO9AZpTsTEvKekeI4mIyhYGLi9AzzQyhV0c3GImTXFoutng5t7GyzBUoRpI0W4YeQzYa6TEzGRTylIfGPemATF_OReENp0TlLbb3gsHw==",
+      "qi": "m7uZk4AsOfJ1V2RY8lmEF518toCV7juKuS_b_OUx8B0dRG0_kbF1cH-Tmrgsya3bwkYx5HeZG81rX7SRjh-0nVPOMW3tGqU5U9f59DXqvOItJIJ6wvWvWXnuna2-NstYCotFQWadIKjk4wjEKj-a4NJt4D_F4csyeyqWOH2DiUFzBGGxxdEoD5t_HEeNXuWQ6-SiV0x5ZVMln3TSh7IOMl70Smm8HcQF5mOsWg3N0wIg-yffxPrs6r15TRuW1MfT-bZk2GLrtHF1TkIoT1e00jWK4eBl2oRxiJGONUBMTEHV85Fr0yztnA99AgHnrMbE_4ehvev4h5DEWvFyFuJN_g=="
+    },
+    "didDocument": {
+      "@context": [
+        "https://www.w3.org/ns/did/v1",
+        "https://w3id.org/security/suites/jws-2020/v1"
+      ],
+      "id": "did:key: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",
+      "verificationMethod": [
+        {
+          "id": "did:key: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#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",
+          "type": "JsonWebKey2020",
+          "controller": "did:key: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",
+          "publicKeyJwk": {
+            "kty": "RSA",
+            "n": "qMCkFFRFWtzUyZeK8mgJdyM6SEQcXC5E6JwCRVDld-jlJs8sXNOE_vliexq34wZRQ4hk53-JPFlvZ_QjRgIxdUxSMiZ3S5hlNVvvRaue6SMakA9ugQhnfXaWORro0UbPuHLms-bg5StDP8-8tIezu9c1H1FjwPcdbV6rAvKhyhnsM10qP3v2CPbdE0q3FOsihoKuTelImtO110E7N6fLn4U3EYbC4OyViqlrP1o_1M-R-tiM1cb4pD7XKJnIs6ryZdfOQSPBJwjNqSdN6Py_tdrFgPDTyacSSdpTVADOM2IMAoYbhV1N5APhnjOHBRFyKkF1HffQKpmXQLBqvUNNjuhmpVKWBtrTdcCKrglFXiw0cKGHKxIirjmiOlB_HYHg5UdosyE3_1Txct2U7-WBB6QXak1UgxCzgKYBDI8UPA0RlkUuHHP_Zg0fVXrXIInHO04MYxUeSps5qqyP6dJBu_v_BDn3zUq6LYFwJ_-xsU7zbrKYB4jaRlHPoCj_eDC-rSA2uQ4KXHBB8_aAqNFC9ukWxc26Ifz9dF968DLuL30bi-ZAa2oUh492Pw1bg89J7i4qTsOOfpQvGyDV7TGhKuUG3Hbumfr2w16S-_3EI2RIyd1nYsflE6ZmCkZQMG_lwDAFXaqfyGKEDouJuja4XH8r4fGWeGTrozIoniXT1HU",
+            "e": "AQAB"
+          }
+        }
+      ],
+      "authentication": [
+        "did:key: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#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"
+      ],
+      "assertionMethod": [
+        "did:key: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#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"
+      ],
+      "capabilityDelegation": [
+        "did:key: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#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"
+      ],
+      "capabilityInvocation": [
+        "did:key: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#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"
+      ],
+      "keyAgreement": [
+        "did:key: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#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"
+      ]
+    }
+  }
+}

did/testvectors/secp256k1.json

@@ -0,0 +1,257 @@
+{
+  "did:key:zQ3shokFTS3brHcDQrn82RUDfCZESWL1ZdCEJwekUDPQiYBme": {
+    "seed": "9085d2bef69286a6cbb51623c8fa258629945cd55ca705cc4e66700396894e0c",
+    "verificationKeyPair": {
+      "id": "#zQ3shokFTS3brHcDQrn82RUDfCZESWL1ZdCEJwekUDPQiYBme",
+      "type": "EcdsaSecp256k1VerificationKey2019",
+      "controller": "did:key:zQ3shokFTS3brHcDQrn82RUDfCZESWL1ZdCEJwekUDPQiYBme",
+      "publicKeyBase58": "23o6Sau8NxxzXcgSc3PLcNxrzrZpbLeBn1izfv3jbKhuv",
+      "privateKeyBase58": "AjA4cyPUbbfW5wr6iZeRbJLhgH3qDt6q6LMkRw36KpxT"
+    },
+    "didDocument": {
+      "@context": [
+        "https://www.w3.org/ns/did/v1",
+        "https://w3id.org/security/suites/secp256k1-2019/v1"
+      ],
+      "id": "did:key:zQ3shokFTS3brHcDQrn82RUDfCZESWL1ZdCEJwekUDPQiYBme",
+      "verificationMethod": [
+        {
+          "id": "did:key:zQ3shokFTS3brHcDQrn82RUDfCZESWL1ZdCEJwekUDPQiYBme#zQ3shokFTS3brHcDQrn82RUDfCZESWL1ZdCEJwekUDPQiYBme",
+          "type": "EcdsaSecp256k1VerificationKey2019",
+          "controller": "did:key:zQ3shokFTS3brHcDQrn82RUDfCZESWL1ZdCEJwekUDPQiYBme",
+          "publicKeyBase58": "23o6Sau8NxxzXcgSc3PLcNxrzrZpbLeBn1izfv3jbKhuv"
+        }
+      ],
+      "assertionMethod": [
+        "did:key:zQ3shokFTS3brHcDQrn82RUDfCZESWL1ZdCEJwekUDPQiYBme#zQ3shokFTS3brHcDQrn82RUDfCZESWL1ZdCEJwekUDPQiYBme"
+      ],
+      "authentication": [
+        "did:key:zQ3shokFTS3brHcDQrn82RUDfCZESWL1ZdCEJwekUDPQiYBme#zQ3shokFTS3brHcDQrn82RUDfCZESWL1ZdCEJwekUDPQiYBme"
+      ],
+      "capabilityInvocation": [
+        "did:key:zQ3shokFTS3brHcDQrn82RUDfCZESWL1ZdCEJwekUDPQiYBme#zQ3shokFTS3brHcDQrn82RUDfCZESWL1ZdCEJwekUDPQiYBme"
+      ],
+      "capabilityDelegation": [
+        "did:key:zQ3shokFTS3brHcDQrn82RUDfCZESWL1ZdCEJwekUDPQiYBme#zQ3shokFTS3brHcDQrn82RUDfCZESWL1ZdCEJwekUDPQiYBme"
+      ],
+      "keyAgreement": [
+        "did:key:zQ3shokFTS3brHcDQrn82RUDfCZESWL1ZdCEJwekUDPQiYBme#zQ3shokFTS3brHcDQrn82RUDfCZESWL1ZdCEJwekUDPQiYBme"
+      ]
+    }
+  },
+  "did:key:zQ3shtxV1FrJfhqE1dvxYRcCknWNjHc3c5X1y3ZSoPDi2aur2": {
+    "seed": "f0f4df55a2b3ff13051ea814a8f24ad00f2e469af73c363ac7e9fb999a9072ed",
+    "verificationKeyPair": {
+      "id": "#zQ3shtxV1FrJfhqE1dvxYRcCknWNjHc3c5X1y3ZSoPDi2aur2",
+      "type": "EcdsaSecp256k1VerificationKey2019",
+      "controller": "did:key:zQ3shtxV1FrJfhqE1dvxYRcCknWNjHc3c5X1y3ZSoPDi2aur2",
+      "publicKeyBase58": "291KzQhqCPC18PqH83XKhxv1HdqrdnxyS7dh15t2uNRzJ",
+      "privateKeyBase58": "HDbR1D5W3CoNbUKYzUbHH2PRF1atshtVupXgXTQhNB9E"
+    },
+    "didDocument": {
+      "@context": [
+        "https://www.w3.org/ns/did/v1",
+        "https://w3id.org/security/suites/secp256k1-2019/v1"
+      ],
+      "id": "did:key:zQ3shtxV1FrJfhqE1dvxYRcCknWNjHc3c5X1y3ZSoPDi2aur2",
+      "verificationMethod": [
+        {
+          "id": "did:key:zQ3shtxV1FrJfhqE1dvxYRcCknWNjHc3c5X1y3ZSoPDi2aur2#zQ3shtxV1FrJfhqE1dvxYRcCknWNjHc3c5X1y3ZSoPDi2aur2",
+          "type": "EcdsaSecp256k1VerificationKey2019",
+          "controller": "did:key:zQ3shtxV1FrJfhqE1dvxYRcCknWNjHc3c5X1y3ZSoPDi2aur2",
+          "publicKeyBase58": "291KzQhqCPC18PqH83XKhxv1HdqrdnxyS7dh15t2uNRzJ"
+        }
+      ],
+      "assertionMethod": [
+        "did:key:zQ3shtxV1FrJfhqE1dvxYRcCknWNjHc3c5X1y3ZSoPDi2aur2#zQ3shtxV1FrJfhqE1dvxYRcCknWNjHc3c5X1y3ZSoPDi2aur2"
+      ],
+      "authentication": [
+        "did:key:zQ3shtxV1FrJfhqE1dvxYRcCknWNjHc3c5X1y3ZSoPDi2aur2#zQ3shtxV1FrJfhqE1dvxYRcCknWNjHc3c5X1y3ZSoPDi2aur2"
+      ],
+      "capabilityInvocation": [
+        "did:key:zQ3shtxV1FrJfhqE1dvxYRcCknWNjHc3c5X1y3ZSoPDi2aur2#zQ3shtxV1FrJfhqE1dvxYRcCknWNjHc3c5X1y3ZSoPDi2aur2"
+      ],
+      "capabilityDelegation": [
+        "did:key:zQ3shtxV1FrJfhqE1dvxYRcCknWNjHc3c5X1y3ZSoPDi2aur2#zQ3shtxV1FrJfhqE1dvxYRcCknWNjHc3c5X1y3ZSoPDi2aur2"
+      ],
+      "keyAgreement": [
+        "did:key:zQ3shtxV1FrJfhqE1dvxYRcCknWNjHc3c5X1y3ZSoPDi2aur2#zQ3shtxV1FrJfhqE1dvxYRcCknWNjHc3c5X1y3ZSoPDi2aur2"
+      ]
+    }
+  },
+  "did:key:zQ3shZc2QzApp2oymGvQbzP8eKheVshBHbU4ZYjeXqwSKEn6N": {
+    "seed": "6b0b91287ae3348f8c2f2552d766f30e3604867e34adc37ccbb74a8e6b893e02",
+    "verificationKeyPair": {
+      "id": "#zQ3shZc2QzApp2oymGvQbzP8eKheVshBHbU4ZYjeXqwSKEn6N",
+      "type": "EcdsaSecp256k1VerificationKey2019",
+      "controller": "did:key:zQ3shZc2QzApp2oymGvQbzP8eKheVshBHbU4ZYjeXqwSKEn6N",
+      "publicKeyBase58": "oesQ92MLiAkt2pjBcJFbW7H4DvzKJv22cotjYbmC2JEe",
+      "privateKeyBase58": "8CrrWVdzDnvaS7vS5dd2HetFSebwEN46XEFrNDdtWZSZ"
+    },
+    "didDocument": {
+      "@context": [
+        "https://www.w3.org/ns/did/v1",
+        "https://w3id.org/security/suites/secp256k1-2019/v1"
+      ],
+      "id": "did:key:zQ3shZc2QzApp2oymGvQbzP8eKheVshBHbU4ZYjeXqwSKEn6N",
+      "verificationMethod": [
+        {
+          "id": "did:key:zQ3shZc2QzApp2oymGvQbzP8eKheVshBHbU4ZYjeXqwSKEn6N#zQ3shZc2QzApp2oymGvQbzP8eKheVshBHbU4ZYjeXqwSKEn6N",
+          "type": "EcdsaSecp256k1VerificationKey2019",
+          "controller": "did:key:zQ3shZc2QzApp2oymGvQbzP8eKheVshBHbU4ZYjeXqwSKEn6N",
+          "publicKeyBase58": "oesQ92MLiAkt2pjBcJFbW7H4DvzKJv22cotjYbmC2JEe"
+        }
+      ],
+      "assertionMethod": [
+        "did:key:zQ3shZc2QzApp2oymGvQbzP8eKheVshBHbU4ZYjeXqwSKEn6N#zQ3shZc2QzApp2oymGvQbzP8eKheVshBHbU4ZYjeXqwSKEn6N"
+      ],
+      "authentication": [
+        "did:key:zQ3shZc2QzApp2oymGvQbzP8eKheVshBHbU4ZYjeXqwSKEn6N#zQ3shZc2QzApp2oymGvQbzP8eKheVshBHbU4ZYjeXqwSKEn6N"
+      ],
+      "capabilityInvocation": [
+        "did:key:zQ3shZc2QzApp2oymGvQbzP8eKheVshBHbU4ZYjeXqwSKEn6N#zQ3shZc2QzApp2oymGvQbzP8eKheVshBHbU4ZYjeXqwSKEn6N"
+      ],
+      "capabilityDelegation": [
+        "did:key:zQ3shZc2QzApp2oymGvQbzP8eKheVshBHbU4ZYjeXqwSKEn6N#zQ3shZc2QzApp2oymGvQbzP8eKheVshBHbU4ZYjeXqwSKEn6N"
+      ],
+      "keyAgreement": [
+        "did:key:zQ3shZc2QzApp2oymGvQbzP8eKheVshBHbU4ZYjeXqwSKEn6N#zQ3shZc2QzApp2oymGvQbzP8eKheVshBHbU4ZYjeXqwSKEn6N"
+      ]
+    }
+  },
+  "did:key:zQ3shadCps5JLAHcZiuX5YUtWHHL8ysBJqFLWvjZDKAWUBGzy": {
+    "seed": "c0a6a7c560d37d7ba81ecee9543721ff48fea3e0fb827d42c1868226540fac15",
+    "verificationKeyPair": {
+      "id": "#zQ3shadCps5JLAHcZiuX5YUtWHHL8ysBJqFLWvjZDKAWUBGzy",
+      "type": "EcdsaSecp256k1VerificationKey2019",
+      "controller": "did:key:zQ3shadCps5JLAHcZiuX5YUtWHHL8ysBJqFLWvjZDKAWUBGzy",
+      "publicKeyBase58": "pg3p1vprqePgUoqfAQ1TTgxhL6zLYhHyzooR1pqLxo9F",
+      "privateKeyBase58": "Dy2fnt8ba4NmbRBXas9bo1BtYgpYFr6ThpFhJbuA3PRn"
+    },
+    "didDocument": {
+      "@context": [
+        "https://www.w3.org/ns/did/v1",
+        "https://w3id.org/security/suites/secp256k1-2019/v1"
+      ],
+      "id": "did:key:zQ3shadCps5JLAHcZiuX5YUtWHHL8ysBJqFLWvjZDKAWUBGzy",
+      "verificationMethod": [
+        {
+          "id": "did:key:zQ3shadCps5JLAHcZiuX5YUtWHHL8ysBJqFLWvjZDKAWUBGzy#zQ3shadCps5JLAHcZiuX5YUtWHHL8ysBJqFLWvjZDKAWUBGzy",
+          "type": "EcdsaSecp256k1VerificationKey2019",
+          "controller": "did:key:zQ3shadCps5JLAHcZiuX5YUtWHHL8ysBJqFLWvjZDKAWUBGzy",
+          "publicKeyBase58": "pg3p1vprqePgUoqfAQ1TTgxhL6zLYhHyzooR1pqLxo9F"
+        }
+      ],
+      "assertionMethod": [
+        "did:key:zQ3shadCps5JLAHcZiuX5YUtWHHL8ysBJqFLWvjZDKAWUBGzy#zQ3shadCps5JLAHcZiuX5YUtWHHL8ysBJqFLWvjZDKAWUBGzy"
+      ],
+      "authentication": [
+        "did:key:zQ3shadCps5JLAHcZiuX5YUtWHHL8ysBJqFLWvjZDKAWUBGzy#zQ3shadCps5JLAHcZiuX5YUtWHHL8ysBJqFLWvjZDKAWUBGzy"
+      ],
+      "capabilityInvocation": [
+        "did:key:zQ3shadCps5JLAHcZiuX5YUtWHHL8ysBJqFLWvjZDKAWUBGzy#zQ3shadCps5JLAHcZiuX5YUtWHHL8ysBJqFLWvjZDKAWUBGzy"
+      ],
+      "capabilityDelegation": [
+        "did:key:zQ3shadCps5JLAHcZiuX5YUtWHHL8ysBJqFLWvjZDKAWUBGzy#zQ3shadCps5JLAHcZiuX5YUtWHHL8ysBJqFLWvjZDKAWUBGzy"
+      ],
+      "keyAgreement": [
+        "did:key:zQ3shadCps5JLAHcZiuX5YUtWHHL8ysBJqFLWvjZDKAWUBGzy#zQ3shadCps5JLAHcZiuX5YUtWHHL8ysBJqFLWvjZDKAWUBGzy"
+      ]
+    }
+  },
+  "did:key:zQ3shptjE6JwdkeKN4fcpnYQY3m9Cet3NiHdAfpvSUZBFoKBj": {
+    "seed": "175a232d440be1e0788f25488a73d9416c04b6f924bea6354bf05dd2f1a75133",
+    "verificationKeyPair": {
+      "id": "#zQ3shptjE6JwdkeKN4fcpnYQY3m9Cet3NiHdAfpvSUZBFoKBj",
+      "type": "EcdsaSecp256k1VerificationKey2019",
+      "controller": "did:key:zQ3shptjE6JwdkeKN4fcpnYQY3m9Cet3NiHdAfpvSUZBFoKBj",
+      "publicKeyBase58": "24waDFAUAS16UpZwQQTXVEAmm17rQRjadjuAeBDW8aqL1",
+      "privateKeyBase58": "2aA6WgZnPiVMBX3LvKSTg3KaFKyzfKpvEacixB3yyTgv"
+    },
+    "didDocument": {
+      "@context": [
+        "https://www.w3.org/ns/did/v1",
+        "https://w3id.org/security/suites/secp256k1-2019/v1"
+      ],
+      "id": "did:key:zQ3shptjE6JwdkeKN4fcpnYQY3m9Cet3NiHdAfpvSUZBFoKBj",
+      "verificationMethod": [
+        {
+          "id": "did:key:zQ3shptjE6JwdkeKN4fcpnYQY3m9Cet3NiHdAfpvSUZBFoKBj#zQ3shptjE6JwdkeKN4fcpnYQY3m9Cet3NiHdAfpvSUZBFoKBj",
+          "type": "EcdsaSecp256k1VerificationKey2019",
+          "controller": "did:key:zQ3shptjE6JwdkeKN4fcpnYQY3m9Cet3NiHdAfpvSUZBFoKBj",
+          "publicKeyBase58": "24waDFAUAS16UpZwQQTXVEAmm17rQRjadjuAeBDW8aqL1"
+        }
+      ],
+      "assertionMethod": [
+        "did:key:zQ3shptjE6JwdkeKN4fcpnYQY3m9Cet3NiHdAfpvSUZBFoKBj#zQ3shptjE6JwdkeKN4fcpnYQY3m9Cet3NiHdAfpvSUZBFoKBj"
+      ],
+      "authentication": [
+        "did:key:zQ3shptjE6JwdkeKN4fcpnYQY3m9Cet3NiHdAfpvSUZBFoKBj#zQ3shptjE6JwdkeKN4fcpnYQY3m9Cet3NiHdAfpvSUZBFoKBj"
+      ],
+      "capabilityInvocation": [
+        "did:key:zQ3shptjE6JwdkeKN4fcpnYQY3m9Cet3NiHdAfpvSUZBFoKBj#zQ3shptjE6JwdkeKN4fcpnYQY3m9Cet3NiHdAfpvSUZBFoKBj"
+      ],
+      "capabilityDelegation": [
+        "did:key:zQ3shptjE6JwdkeKN4fcpnYQY3m9Cet3NiHdAfpvSUZBFoKBj#zQ3shptjE6JwdkeKN4fcpnYQY3m9Cet3NiHdAfpvSUZBFoKBj"
+      ],
+      "keyAgreement": [
+        "did:key:zQ3shptjE6JwdkeKN4fcpnYQY3m9Cet3NiHdAfpvSUZBFoKBj#zQ3shptjE6JwdkeKN4fcpnYQY3m9Cet3NiHdAfpvSUZBFoKBj"
+      ]
+    }
+  },
+  "did:key:zQ3shjmnWpSDEbYKpaFm4kTs9kXyqG6N2QwCYHNPP4yubqgJS": {
+    "verificationKeyPair": {
+      "id": "did:key:zQ3shjmnWpSDEbYKpaFm4kTs9kXyqG6N2QwCYHNPP4yubqgJS#zQ3shjmnWpSDEbYKpaFm4kTs9kXyqG6N2QwCYHNPP4yubqgJS",
+      "type": "JsonWebKey2020",
+      "controller": "did:key:zQ3shjmnWpSDEbYKpaFm4kTs9kXyqG6N2QwCYHNPP4yubqgJS",
+      "publicKeyJwk": {
+        "kty": "EC",
+        "crv": "secp256k1",
+        "x": "TEIJN9vnTq1EXMkqzo7yN_867-foKc2pREv45Fw_QA8",
+        "y": "9yiymlzdxKCiRbYq7p-ArRB-C1ytjHE-eb7RDTi6rVc"
+      },
+      "privateKeyJwk": {
+        "kty": "EC",
+        "crv": "secp256k1",
+        "x": "TEIJN9vnTq1EXMkqzo7yN_867-foKc2pREv45Fw_QA8",
+        "y": "9yiymlzdxKCiRbYq7p-ArRB-C1ytjHE-eb7RDTi6rVc",
+        "d": "J5yKm7OXFsXDEutteGYeT0CAfQJwIlHLSYkQxKtgiyo"
+      }
+    },
+    "didDocument": {
+      "@context": [
+        "https://www.w3.org/ns/did/v1",
+        "https://w3id.org/security/suites/jws-2020/v1"
+      ],
+      "id": "did:key:zQ3shjmnWpSDEbYKpaFm4kTs9kXyqG6N2QwCYHNPP4yubqgJS",
+      "verificationMethod": [
+        {
+          "id": "did:key:zQ3shjmnWpSDEbYKpaFm4kTs9kXyqG6N2QwCYHNPP4yubqgJS#zQ3shjmnWpSDEbYKpaFm4kTs9kXyqG6N2QwCYHNPP4yubqgJS",
+          "type": "JsonWebKey2020",
+          "controller": "did:key:zQ3shjmnWpSDEbYKpaFm4kTs9kXyqG6N2QwCYHNPP4yubqgJS",
+          "publicKeyJwk": {
+            "kty": "EC",
+            "crv": "secp256k1",
+            "x": "TEIJN9vnTq1EXMkqzo7yN_867-foKc2pREv45Fw_QA8",
+            "y": "9yiymlzdxKCiRbYq7p-ArRB-C1ytjHE-eb7RDTi6rVc"
+          }
+        }
+      ],
+      "assertionMethod": [
+        "did:key:zQ3shjmnWpSDEbYKpaFm4kTs9kXyqG6N2QwCYHNPP4yubqgJS#zQ3shjmnWpSDEbYKpaFm4kTs9kXyqG6N2QwCYHNPP4yubqgJS"
+      ],
+      "authentication": [
+        "did:key:zQ3shjmnWpSDEbYKpaFm4kTs9kXyqG6N2QwCYHNPP4yubqgJS#zQ3shjmnWpSDEbYKpaFm4kTs9kXyqG6N2QwCYHNPP4yubqgJS"
+      ],
+      "capabilityInvocation": [
+        "did:key:zQ3shjmnWpSDEbYKpaFm4kTs9kXyqG6N2QwCYHNPP4yubqgJS#zQ3shjmnWpSDEbYKpaFm4kTs9kXyqG6N2QwCYHNPP4yubqgJS"
+      ],
+      "capabilityDelegation": [
+        "did:key:zQ3shjmnWpSDEbYKpaFm4kTs9kXyqG6N2QwCYHNPP4yubqgJS#zQ3shjmnWpSDEbYKpaFm4kTs9kXyqG6N2QwCYHNPP4yubqgJS"
+      ],
+      "keyAgreement": [
+        "did:key:zQ3shjmnWpSDEbYKpaFm4kTs9kXyqG6N2QwCYHNPP4yubqgJS#zQ3shjmnWpSDEbYKpaFm4kTs9kXyqG6N2QwCYHNPP4yubqgJS"
+      ]
+    }
+  }
+}

did/testvectors/vectors.go

@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+//go:build jwx_es256k
+
+package testvectors
+
+import (
+	"crypto/ecdsa"
+	"crypto/ed25519"
+	"crypto/elliptic"
+	"crypto/rsa"
+	"crypto/x509"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
+
+	"github.com/decred/dcrd/dcrec/secp256k1/v4"
+	"github.com/lestrrat-go/jwx/v2/jwk"
+	"github.com/libp2p/go-libp2p/core/crypto"
+	"github.com/mr-tron/base58"
+)
+
+type Vectors map[string]Vector
+
+// This is pretty gross but the structure allows the repeated Verifier,
+// PublicKeyJwk and PublicKeyBase58 account for the fact that the test
+// files are very inconsistent.
+type Vector struct {
+	VerificationKeyPair Verifier
+	VerificationMethod  Verifier
+	PublicKeyJwk        json.RawMessage
+	DidDocument         json.RawMessage // TODO: if we start producing DID documents, we should test this too
+}
+
+type Verifier struct {
+	ID              string
+	Type            string
+	PublicKeyBase58 string
+	PublicKeyJwk    json.RawMessage
+}
+
+func (v Vector) PubKey() (crypto.PubKey, error) {
+	// If the public key is in base58
+	if pubB58 := v.PubKeyBase58(); len(pubB58) > 0 {
+		pubBytes, err := base58.Decode(pubB58)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+
+		t, err := v.PubKeyType()
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+
+		var unmarshaler crypto.PubKeyUnmarshaller
+
+		switch t {
+		case "Ed25519VerificationKey2018":
+			unmarshaler = crypto.UnmarshalEd25519PublicKey
+		case "EcdsaSecp256k1VerificationKey2019":
+			unmarshaler = crypto.UnmarshalSecp256k1PublicKey
+		// This is weak as it assumes the P256 curve - that's all the vectors contain (for now)
+		case "P256Key2021":
+			unmarshaler = compressedEcdsaPublicKeyUnmarshaler
+		default:
+			return nil, errors.New("failed to resolve unmarshaler")
+		}
+
+		return unmarshaler(pubBytes)
+	}
+
+	// If the public key is in a JWK
+	if pubJwk := v.PubKeyJwk(); len(pubJwk) > 0 {
+		key, err := jwk.ParseKey(pubJwk)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+
+		var a any
+
+		if err := key.Raw(&a); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+
+		switch a.(type) {
+		case *ecdsa.PublicKey:
+			epub := a.(*ecdsa.PublicKey)
+
+			if epub.Curve == secp256k1.S256() {
+				bytes := append([]byte{0x04}, append(epub.X.Bytes(), epub.Y.Bytes()...)...)
+
+				return crypto.UnmarshalSecp256k1PublicKey(bytes)
+			}
+
+			asn1, err := x509.MarshalPKIXPublicKey(epub)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+
+			return crypto.UnmarshalECDSAPublicKey(asn1)
+		case ed25519.PublicKey:
+			return crypto.UnmarshalEd25519PublicKey(a.(ed25519.PublicKey))
+		case *rsa.PublicKey:
+			asn1, err := x509.MarshalPKIXPublicKey(a.(*rsa.PublicKey))
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+
+			return crypto.UnmarshalRsaPublicKey(asn1)
+		default:
+			return nil, errors.New("unsupported key type")
+		}
+	}
+
+	// If we don't find a public key at all
+	return nil, errors.New("vector's public key not found")
+}
+
+func (v Vector) PubKeyBase58() string {
+	if len(v.VerificationKeyPair.PublicKeyBase58) > 0 {
+		return v.VerificationKeyPair.PublicKeyBase58
+	}
+
+	return v.VerificationMethod.PublicKeyBase58
+}
+
+func (v Vector) PubKeyJwk() json.RawMessage {
+	if len(v.VerificationKeyPair.PublicKeyJwk) > 0 {
+		return v.VerificationKeyPair.PublicKeyJwk
+	}
+
+	if len(v.VerificationMethod.PublicKeyJwk) > 0 {
+		return v.VerificationMethod.PublicKeyJwk
+	}
+
+	return v.PublicKeyJwk
+}
+
+func (v Vector) PubKeyType() (string, error) {
+	if len(v.VerificationKeyPair.Type) > 0 {
+		return v.VerificationKeyPair.Type, nil
+	}
+
+	if len(v.VerificationMethod.Type) > 0 {
+		return v.VerificationMethod.Type, nil
+	}
+
+	return "", errors.New("vector's type not found")
+}
+
+func compressedEcdsaPublicKeyUnmarshaler(data []byte) (crypto.PubKey, error) {
+	x, y := elliptic.UnmarshalCompressed(elliptic.P256(), data)
+
+	ecdsaPublicKey := ecdsa.PublicKey{
+		Curve: elliptic.P256(),
+		X:     x,
+		Y:     y,
+	}
+
+	asn1, err := x509.MarshalPKIXPublicKey(&ecdsaPublicKey)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return crypto.UnmarshalECDSAPublicKey(asn1)
+}

did/testvectors/x25519.json

@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+{
+  "didDocument": {
+    "did:key:z6LSeu9HkTHSfLLeUs2nnzUSNedgDUevfNQgQjQC23ZCit6F": {
+      "@context": [
+        "https://www.w3.org/ns/did/v1",
+        "https://w3id.org/security/suites/x25519-2019/v1"
+      ],
+      "id": "did:key:z6LSeu9HkTHSfLLeUs2nnzUSNedgDUevfNQgQjQC23ZCit6F",
+      "verificationMethod": [
+        {
+          "id": "did:key:z6LSeu9HkTHSfLLeUs2nnzUSNedgDUevfNQgQjQC23ZCit6F#z6LSeu9HkTHSfLLeUs2nnzUSNedgDUevfNQgQjQC23ZCit6F",
+          "type": "X25519KeyAgreementKey2019",
+          "controller": "did:key:z6LSeu9HkTHSfLLeUs2nnzUSNedgDUevfNQgQjQC23ZCit6F",
+          "publicKeyBase58": "4Dy8E9UaZscuPUf2GLxV44RCNL7oxmEXXkgWXaug1WKV"
+        }
+      ],
+      "keyAgreement": [
+        "did:key:z6LSeu9HkTHSfLLeUs2nnzUSNedgDUevfNQgQjQC23ZCit6F#z6LSeu9HkTHSfLLeUs2nnzUSNedgDUevfNQgQjQC23ZCit6F"
+      ]
+    },
+    "did:key:z6LStiZsmxiK4odS4Sb6JmdRFuJ6e1SYP157gtiCyJKfrYha": {
+      "@context": [
+        "https://www.w3.org/ns/did/v1",
+        "https://w3id.org/security/suites/x25519-2019/v1"
+      ],
+      "id": "did:key:z6LStiZsmxiK4odS4Sb6JmdRFuJ6e1SYP157gtiCyJKfrYha",
+      "verificationMethod": [
+        {
+          "id": "did:key:z6LStiZsmxiK4odS4Sb6JmdRFuJ6e1SYP157gtiCyJKfrYha#z6LStiZsmxiK4odS4Sb6JmdRFuJ6e1SYP157gtiCyJKfrYha",
+          "type": "X25519KeyAgreementKey2019",
+          "controller": "did:key:z6LStiZsmxiK4odS4Sb6JmdRFuJ6e1SYP157gtiCyJKfrYha",
+          "publicKeyBase58": "J3PiFeuSyLugy4DKn87TwK5cnruRgPtxouzXUqg99Avp"
+        }
+      ],
+      "keyAgreement": [
+        "did:key:z6LStiZsmxiK4odS4Sb6JmdRFuJ6e1SYP157gtiCyJKfrYha#z6LStiZsmxiK4odS4Sb6JmdRFuJ6e1SYP157gtiCyJKfrYha"
+      ]
+    },
+    "did:key:z6LSoMdmJz2Djah2P4L9taDmtqeJ6wwd2HhKZvNToBmvaczQ": {
+      "@context": [
+        "https://www.w3.org/ns/did/v1",
+        "https://w3id.org/security/suites/x25519-2019/v1"
+      ],
+      "id": "did:key:z6LSoMdmJz2Djah2P4L9taDmtqeJ6wwd2HhKZvNToBmvaczQ",
+      "verificationMethod": [
+        {
+          "id": "did:key:z6LSoMdmJz2Djah2P4L9taDmtqeJ6wwd2HhKZvNToBmvaczQ#z6LSoMdmJz2Djah2P4L9taDmtqeJ6wwd2HhKZvNToBmvaczQ",
+          "type": "X25519KeyAgreementKey2019",
+          "controller": "did:key:z6LSoMdmJz2Djah2P4L9taDmtqeJ6wwd2HhKZvNToBmvaczQ",
+          "publicKeyBase58": "CgTbngDMe7yHHfxPMvhpaFRpFoQWKgXAgwenJj8PsFDe"
+        }
+      ],
+      "keyAgreement": [
+        "did:key:z6LSoMdmJz2Djah2P4L9taDmtqeJ6wwd2HhKZvNToBmvaczQ#z6LSoMdmJz2Djah2P4L9taDmtqeJ6wwd2HhKZvNToBmvaczQ"
+      ]
+    },
+    "did:key:z6LSrzxMVydCourtpA6JLEYupT7ZUQ34hLfQZfRN5H47zLdz": {
+      "@context": [
+        "https://www.w3.org/ns/did/v1",
+        "https://w3id.org/security/suites/jws-2020/v1"
+      ],
+      "id": "did:key:z6LSrzxMVydCourtpA6JLEYupT7ZUQ34hLfQZfRN5H47zLdz",
+      "verificationMethod": [
+        {
+          "id": "did:key:z6LSrzxMVydCourtpA6JLEYupT7ZUQ34hLfQZfRN5H47zLdz#z6LSrzxMVydCourtpA6JLEYupT7ZUQ34hLfQZfRN5H47zLdz",
+          "type": "JsonWebKey2020",
+          "controller": "did:key:z6LSrzxMVydCourtpA6JLEYupT7ZUQ34hLfQZfRN5H47zLdz",
+          "publicKeyJwk": {
+            "kty": "OKP",
+            "crv": "X25519",
+            "x": "467ap28wHJGEXJAb4mLrokqq8A-txA_KmoQTcj31XzU"
+          }
+        }
+      ],
+      "keyAgreement": [
+        "did:key:z6LSrzxMVydCourtpA6JLEYupT7ZUQ34hLfQZfRN5H47zLdz#z6LSrzxMVydCourtpA6JLEYupT7ZUQ34hLfQZfRN5H47zLdz"
+      ]
+    }
+  }
+}

go.mod

@@ -1,13 +1,14 @@
 module github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan
 
-go 1.22
-
-toolchain go1.22.4
+go 1.23
 
 require (
+	github.com/decred/dcrd/dcrec/secp256k1/v4 v4.3.0
 	github.com/ipfs/go-cid v0.4.1
 	github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime v0.21.0
+	github.com/lestrrat-go/jwx/v2 v2.1.1
 	github.com/libp2p/go-libp2p v0.36.3
+	github.com/mr-tron/base58 v1.2.0
 	github.com/multiformats/go-multibase v0.2.0
 	github.com/multiformats/go-multicodec v0.9.0
 	github.com/multiformats/go-multihash v0.2.3
@@ -18,19 +19,25 @@ require (
 
 require (
 	github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1 // indirect
-	github.com/decred/dcrd/dcrec/secp256k1/v4 v4.3.0 // indirect
+	github.com/goccy/go-json v0.10.3 // indirect
 	github.com/google/go-cmp v0.5.9 // indirect
 	github.com/klauspost/cpuid/v2 v2.2.8 // indirect
+	github.com/lestrrat-go/blackmagic v1.0.2 // indirect
+	github.com/lestrrat-go/httpcc v1.0.1 // indirect
+	github.com/lestrrat-go/httprc v1.0.6 // indirect
+	github.com/lestrrat-go/iter v1.0.2 // indirect
+	github.com/lestrrat-go/option v1.0.1 // indirect
 	github.com/minio/sha256-simd v1.0.1 // indirect
-	github.com/mr-tron/base58 v1.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/multiformats/go-base32 v0.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/multiformats/go-base36 v0.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/polydawn/refmt v0.89.0 // indirect
+	github.com/segmentio/asm v1.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/spaolacci/murmur3 v1.1.0 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/crypto v0.25.0 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/sys v0.22.0 // indirect
 	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.34.2 // indirect
+	gopkg.in/check.v1 v1.0.0-20190902080502-41f04d3bba15 // indirect
 	gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1 // indirect
 	lukechampine.com/blake3 v1.3.0 // indirect
 )

go.sum

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 github.com/BurntSushi/toml v0.3.1/go.mod h1:xHWCNGjB5oqiDr8zfno3MHue2Ht5sIBksp03qcyfWMU=
 github.com/cpuguy83/go-md2man/v2 v2.0.0-20190314233015-f79a8a8ca69d/go.mod h1:maD7wRr/U5Z6m/iR4s+kqSMx2CaBsrgA7czyZG/E6dU=
+github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.0/go.mod h1:J7Y8YcW2NihsgmVo/mv3lAwl/skON4iLHjSsI+c5H38=
 github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1 h1:vj9j/u1bqnvCEfJOwUhtlOARqs3+rkHYY13jYWTU97c=
 github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1/go.mod h1:J7Y8YcW2NihsgmVo/mv3lAwl/skON4iLHjSsI+c5H38=
 github.com/decred/dcrd/crypto/blake256 v1.0.1 h1:7PltbUIQB7u/FfZ39+DGa/ShuMyJ5ilcvdfma9wOH6Y=
@@ -9,6 +10,8 @@ github.com/decred/dcrd/dcrec/secp256k1/v4 v4.3.0/go.mod h1:v57UDF4pDQJcEfFUCRop3
 github.com/frankban/quicktest v1.14.6 h1:7Xjx+VpznH+oBnejlPUj8oUpdxnVs4f8XU8WnHkI4W8=
 github.com/frankban/quicktest v1.14.6/go.mod h1:4ptaffx2x8+WTWXmUCuVU6aPUX1/Mz7zb5vbUoiM6w0=
 github.com/go-yaml/yaml v2.1.0+incompatible/go.mod h1:w2MrLa16VYP0jy6N7M5kHaCkaLENm+P+Tv+MfurjSw0=
+github.com/goccy/go-json v0.10.3 h1:KZ5WoDbxAIgm2HNbYckL0se1fHD6rz5j4ywS6ebzDqA=
+github.com/goccy/go-json v0.10.3/go.mod h1:oq7eo15ShAhp70Anwd5lgX2pLfOS3QCiwU/PULtXL6M=
 github.com/google/go-cmp v0.5.9 h1:O2Tfq5qg4qc4AmwVlvv0oLiVAGB7enBSJ2x2DqQFi38=
 github.com/google/go-cmp v0.5.9/go.mod h1:17dUlkBOakJ0+DkrSSNjCkIjxS6bF9zb3elmeNGIjoY=
 github.com/gopherjs/gopherjs v0.0.0-20181017120253-0766667cb4d1 h1:EGx4pi6eqNxGaHF6qqu48+N2wcFQ5qg5FXgOdqsJ5d8=
@@ -25,6 +28,18 @@ github.com/kr/pretty v0.3.1 h1:flRD4NNwYAUpkphVc1HcthR4KEIFJ65n8Mw5qdRn3LE=
 github.com/kr/pretty v0.3.1/go.mod h1:hoEshYVHaxMs3cyo3Yncou5ZscifuDolrwPKZanG3xk=
 github.com/kr/text v0.2.0 h1:5Nx0Ya0ZqY2ygV366QzturHI13Jq95ApcVaJBhpS+AY=
 github.com/kr/text v0.2.0/go.mod h1:eLer722TekiGuMkidMxC/pM04lWEeraHUUmBw8l2grE=
+github.com/lestrrat-go/blackmagic v1.0.2 h1:Cg2gVSc9h7sz9NOByczrbUvLopQmXrfFx//N+AkAr5k=
+github.com/lestrrat-go/blackmagic v1.0.2/go.mod h1:UrEqBzIR2U6CnzVyUtfM6oZNMt/7O7Vohk2J0OGSAtU=
+github.com/lestrrat-go/httpcc v1.0.1 h1:ydWCStUeJLkpYyjLDHihupbn2tYmZ7m22BGkcvZZrIE=
+github.com/lestrrat-go/httpcc v1.0.1/go.mod h1:qiltp3Mt56+55GPVCbTdM9MlqhvzyuL6W/NMDA8vA5E=
+github.com/lestrrat-go/httprc v1.0.6 h1:qgmgIRhpvBqexMJjA/PmwSvhNk679oqD1RbovdCGW8k=
+github.com/lestrrat-go/httprc v1.0.6/go.mod h1:mwwz3JMTPBjHUkkDv/IGJ39aALInZLrhBp0X7KGUZlo=
+github.com/lestrrat-go/iter v1.0.2 h1:gMXo1q4c2pHmC3dn8LzRhJfP1ceCbgSiT9lUydIzltI=
+github.com/lestrrat-go/iter v1.0.2/go.mod h1:Momfcq3AnRlRjI5b5O8/G5/BvpzrhoFTZcn06fEOPt4=
+github.com/lestrrat-go/jwx/v2 v2.1.1 h1:Y2ltVl8J6izLYFs54BVcpXLv5msSW4o8eXwnzZLI32E=
+github.com/lestrrat-go/jwx/v2 v2.1.1/go.mod h1:4LvZg7oxu6Q5VJwn7Mk/UwooNRnTHUpXBj2C4j3HNx0=
+github.com/lestrrat-go/option v1.0.1 h1:oAzP2fvZGQKWkvHa1/SAcFolBEca1oN+mQ7eooNBEYU=
+github.com/lestrrat-go/option v1.0.1/go.mod h1:5ZHFbivi4xwXxhxY9XHDe2FHo6/Z7WWmtT7T5nBBp3I=
 github.com/libp2p/go-buffer-pool v0.1.0 h1:oK4mSFcQz7cTQIfqbe4MIj9gLW+mnanjyFtc6cdF0Y8=
 github.com/libp2p/go-buffer-pool v0.1.0/go.mod h1:N+vh8gMqimBzdKkSMVuydVDq+UV5QTWy5HSiZacSbPg=
 github.com/libp2p/go-libp2p v0.36.3 h1:NHz30+G7D8Y8YmznrVZZla0ofVANrvBl2c+oARfMeDQ=
@@ -54,6 +69,8 @@ github.com/polydawn/refmt v0.89.0/go.mod h1:/zvteZs/GwLtCgZ4BL6CBsk9IKIlexP43ObX
 github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal v1.9.0 h1:73kH8U+JUqXU8lRuOHeVHaa/SZPifC7BkcraZVejAe8=
 github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal v1.9.0/go.mod h1:WtVeX8xhTBvf0smdhujwtBcq4Qrzq/fJaraNFVN+nFs=
 github.com/russross/blackfriday/v2 v2.0.1/go.mod h1:+Rmxgy9KzJVeS9/2gXHxylqXiyQDYRxCVz55jmeOWTM=
+github.com/segmentio/asm v1.2.0 h1:9BQrFxC+YOHJlTlHGkTrFWf59nbL3XnCoFLTwDCI7ys=
+github.com/segmentio/asm v1.2.0/go.mod h1:BqMnlJP91P8d+4ibuonYZw9mfnzI9HfxselHZr5aAcs=
 github.com/shurcooL/sanitized_anchor_name v1.0.0/go.mod h1:1NzhyTcUVG4SuEtjjoZeVRXNmyL/1OwPU0+IJeTBvfc=
 github.com/smartystreets/assertions v1.2.0 h1:42S6lae5dvLc7BrLu/0ugRtcFVjoJNMC/N3yZFZkDFs=
 github.com/smartystreets/assertions v1.2.0/go.mod h1:tcbTF8ujkAEcZ8TElKY+i30BzYlVhC/LOxJk7iOWnoo=
@@ -61,6 +78,9 @@ github.com/smartystreets/goconvey v1.7.2 h1:9RBaZCeXEQ3UselpuwUQHltGVXvdwm6cv1hg
 github.com/smartystreets/goconvey v1.7.2/go.mod h1:Vw0tHAZW6lzCRk3xgdin6fKYcG+G3Pg9vgXWeJpQFMM=
 github.com/spaolacci/murmur3 v1.1.0 h1:7c1g84S4BPRrfL5Xrdp6fOJ206sU9y293DDHaoy0bLI=
 github.com/spaolacci/murmur3 v1.1.0/go.mod h1:JwIasOWyU6f++ZhiEuf87xNszmSA2myDM2Kzu9HwQUA=
+github.com/stretchr/objx v0.1.0/go.mod h1:HFkY916IF+rwdDfMAkV7OtwuqBVzrE8GR6GFx+wExME=
+github.com/stretchr/testify v1.6.1/go.mod h1:6Fq8oRcR53rry900zMqJjRRixrwX3KX962/h/Wwjteg=
+github.com/stretchr/testify v1.7.1/go.mod h1:6Fq8oRcR53rry900zMqJjRRixrwX3KX962/h/Wwjteg=
 github.com/stretchr/testify v1.9.0 h1:HtqpIVDClZ4nwg75+f6Lvsy/wHu+3BoSGCbBAcpTsTg=
 github.com/stretchr/testify v1.9.0/go.mod h1:r2ic/lqez/lEtzL7wO/rwa5dbSLXVDPFyf8C91i36aY=
 github.com/urfave/cli v1.22.10/go.mod h1:Gos4lmkARVdJ6EkW0WaNv/tZAAMe9V7XWyB60NtXRu0=
@@ -80,11 +100,13 @@ golang.org/x/text v0.3.0/go.mod h1:NqM8EUOU14njkJ3fqMW+pc6Ldnwhi/IjpwHt7yyuwOQ=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20190328211700-ab21143f2384/go.mod h1:LCzVGOaR6xXOjkQ3onu1FJEFr0SW1gC7cKk1uF8kGRs=
 google.golang.org/protobuf v1.34.2 h1:6xV6lTsCfpGD21XK49h7MhtcApnLqkfYgPcdHftf6hg=
 google.golang.org/protobuf v1.34.2/go.mod h1:qYOHts0dSfpeUzUFpOMr/WGzszTmLH+DiWniOlNbLDw=
-gopkg.in/check.v1 v0.0.0-20161208181325-20d25e280405 h1:yhCVgyC4o1eVCa2tZl7eS0r+SDo693bJlVdllGtEeKM=
 gopkg.in/check.v1 v0.0.0-20161208181325-20d25e280405/go.mod h1:Co6ibVJAznAaIkqp8huTwlJQCZ016jof/cbN4VW5Yz0=
+gopkg.in/check.v1 v1.0.0-20190902080502-41f04d3bba15 h1:YR8cESwS4TdDjEe65xsg0ogRM/Nc3DYOhEAlW+xobZo=
+gopkg.in/check.v1 v1.0.0-20190902080502-41f04d3bba15/go.mod h1:Co6ibVJAznAaIkqp8huTwlJQCZ016jof/cbN4VW5Yz0=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.2.2/go.mod h1:hI93XBmqTisBFMUTm0b8Fm+jr3Dg1NNxqwp+5A1VGuI=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.4.0 h1:D8xgwECY7CYvx+Y2n4sBz93Jn9JRvxdiyyo8CTfuKaY=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.4.0/go.mod h1:RDklbk79AGWmwhnvt/jBztapEOGDOx6ZbXqjP6csGnQ=
+gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.0-20200313102051-9f266ea9e77c/go.mod h1:K4uyk7z7BCEPqu6E+C64Yfv1cQ7kz7rIZviUmN+EgEM=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1 h1:fxVm/GzAzEWqLHuvctI91KS9hhNmmWOoWu0XTYJS7CA=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1/go.mod h1:K4uyk7z7BCEPqu6E+C64Yfv1cQ7kz7rIZviUmN+EgEM=
 gotest.tools/v3 v3.5.1 h1:EENdUnS3pdur5nybKYIh2Vfgc8IUNBjxDPSjtiJcOzU=

pkg/command/command.go

@@ -16,14 +16,12 @@ var _ fmt.Stringer = (*Command)(nil)
 // by one or more slash-separated Segments of lowercase characters.
 //
 // [Command]: https://github.com/ucan-wg/spec#command
-type Command struct {
-	segments []string
-}
+type Command string
 
 // New creates a validated command from the provided list of segment strings.
 // An error is returned if an invalid Command would be formed
 func New(segments ...string) Command {
-	return Command{segments: segments}
+	return Top().Join(segments...)
 }
 
 // Parse verifies that the provided string contains the required
@@ -33,20 +31,20 @@ func New(segments ...string) Command {
 // [segment structure]: https://github.com/ucan-wg/spec#segment-structure
 func Parse(s string) (Command, error) {
 	if !strings.HasPrefix(s, "/") {
-		return Command{}, ErrRequiresLeadingSlash
+		return "", ErrRequiresLeadingSlash
 	}
 
 	if len(s) > 1 && strings.HasSuffix(s, "/") {
-		return Command{}, ErrDisallowsTrailingSlash
+		return "", ErrDisallowsTrailingSlash
 	}
 
 	if s != strings.ToLower(s) {
-		return Command{}, ErrRequiresLowercase
+		return "", ErrRequiresLowercase
 	}
 
 	// The leading slash will result in the first element from strings.Split
 	// being an empty string which is removed as strings.Join will ignore it.
-	return Command{strings.Split(s, "/")[1:]}, nil
+	return Command(s), nil
 }
 
 // MustParse is the same as Parse, but panic() if the parsing fail.
@@ -58,14 +56,14 @@ func MustParse(s string) Command {
 	return c
 }
 
-// [Top] is the most powerful capability.
+// Top is the most powerful capability.
 //
 // This function returns a Command that is a wildcard and therefore represents the
 // most powerful ability. As such, it should be handled with care and used sparingly.
 //
 // [Top]: https://github.com/ucan-wg/spec#-aka-top
 func Top() Command {
-	return New()
+	return Command(separator)
 }
 
 // IsValid returns true if the provided string is a valid UCAN command.
@@ -77,17 +75,34 @@ func IsValid(s string) bool {
 // Join appends segments to the end of this command using the required
 // segment separator.
 func (c Command) Join(segments ...string) Command {
-	return Command{append(c.segments, segments...)}
+	size := 0
+	for _, s := range segments {
+		size += len(s)
+	}
+	if size == 0 {
+		return c
+	}
+	buf := make([]byte, 0, len(c)+size+len(segments))
+	buf = append(buf, []byte(c)...)
+	for _, s := range segments {
+		if s != "" {
+			if len(buf) > 1 {
+				buf = append(buf, separator...)
+			}
+			buf = append(buf, []byte(s)...)
+		}
+	}
+	return Command(buf)
 }
 
 // Segments returns the ordered segments that comprise the Command as a
 // slice of strings.
 func (c Command) Segments() []string {
-	return c.segments
+	return strings.Split(string(c), separator)
 }
 
 // String returns the composed representation the command.  This is also
 // the required wire representation (before IPLD encoding occurs.)
 func (c Command) String() string {
-	return "/" + strings.Join(c.segments, "/")
+	return string(c)
 }

pkg/command/command_test.go

@@ -13,73 +13,66 @@ func TestTop(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestIsValidCommand(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
 	t.Run("succeeds when", func(t *testing.T) {
-		t.Parallel()
-
 		for _, testcase := range validTestcases(t) {
-			testcase := testcase
-
 			t.Run(testcase.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-				t.Parallel()
-
 				require.True(t, command.IsValid(testcase.inp))
 			})
 		}
 	})
 
 	t.Run("fails when", func(t *testing.T) {
-		t.Parallel()
-
 		for _, testcase := range invalidTestcases(t) {
-			testcase := testcase
-
 			t.Run(testcase.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-				t.Parallel()
-
 				require.False(t, command.IsValid(testcase.inp))
 			})
 		}
 	})
 }
 
+func TestNew(t *testing.T) {
+	require.Equal(t, command.Top(), command.New())
+	require.Equal(t, "/foo", command.New("foo").String())
+	require.Equal(t, "/foo/bar", command.New("foo", "bar").String())
+	require.Equal(t, "/foo/bar/baz", command.New("foo", "bar/baz").String())
+}
+
 func TestParseCommand(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
 	t.Run("succeeds when", func(t *testing.T) {
-		t.Parallel()
-
 		for _, testcase := range validTestcases(t) {
-			testcase := testcase
-
 			t.Run(testcase.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-				t.Parallel()
-
 				cmd, err := command.Parse("/elem0/elem1/elem2")
 				require.NoError(t, err)
-				require.NotNil(t, cmd)
+				require.NotEmpty(t, cmd)
 			})
 		}
 	})
 
 	t.Run("fails when", func(t *testing.T) {
-		t.Parallel()
-
 		for _, testcase := range invalidTestcases(t) {
-			testcase := testcase
-
 			t.Run(testcase.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-				t.Parallel()
-
 				cmd, err := command.Parse(testcase.inp)
 				require.ErrorIs(t, err, testcase.err)
-				require.Equal(t, command.Command{}, cmd)
+				require.Zero(t, cmd)
 			})
 		}
 	})
 }
 
+func TestEquality(t *testing.T) {
+	require.True(t, command.MustParse("/foo/bar/baz") == command.MustParse("/foo/bar/baz"))
+	require.False(t, command.MustParse("/foo/bar/baz") == command.MustParse("/foo/bar/bazz"))
+	require.False(t, command.MustParse("/foo/bar") == command.MustParse("/foo/bar/baz"))
+}
+
+func TestJoin(t *testing.T) {
+	require.Equal(t, "/foo", command.Top().Join("foo").String())
+	require.Equal(t, "/foo/bar", command.Top().Join("foo/bar").String())
+	require.Equal(t, "/foo/bar", command.Top().Join("foo", "bar").String())
+	require.Equal(t, "/faz/boz/foo/bar", command.MustParse("/faz/boz").Join("foo/bar").String())
+	require.Equal(t, "/faz/boz/foo/bar", command.MustParse("/faz/boz").Join("foo", "bar").String())
+}
+
 type testcase struct {
 	name string
 	inp  string

pkg/container/Readme.md

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+# Token container
+
+## Why do I need that?
+
+Some common situation asks to package multiple tokens together:
+- calling a service requires sending an invocation, alongside the matching delegations
+- sending a series of revocations
+- \<insert your application specific scenario here>
+
+The UCAN specification defines how a single token is serialized (envelope with signature, IPLD encoded as Dag-cbor), but it's entirely left open how to package multiple tokens together. To be clear, this is a correct thing to do for a specification, as different ways equally valid to solve that problem exists and can coexist. Any wire format holding a list of bytes would do (cbor, json, csv ...).
+
+**go-ucan** however, provide an opinionated implementation, which may or may not work in your situation. 
+
+Some experiment has been done over which format is appropriate, and two have been selected:
+- **DAG-CBOR** of a list of bytes, as a low overhead option
+- **CAR** file, as a somewhat common ways to cary arbitrary blocks of data
+
+Notably, **compression is not included**, even though it does work reasonably well. This is because your transport medium might already do it, or should.
+
+## Wire format consideration
+
+Several possible formats have been explored:
+- CAR files (binary or base64)
+- DAG-CBOR (binary or base64)
+
+Additionally, gzip and deflate compression has been experimented with.
+
+Below are the results in terms of storage used, as percentage and byte overhead over the raw tokens:
+
+| Token count | car | carBase64 | carGzip | carGzipBase64 | cbor | cborBase64 | cborGzip | cborGzipBase64 | cborFlate | cborFlateBase64 |
+|-------------|-----|-----------|---------|---------------|------|------------|----------|----------------|-----------|-----------------|
+| 1           | 15  | 54        | 7       | 42            | 0    | 35         | \-8      | 22             | \-12      | 16              |
+| 2           | 12  | 49        | \-12    | 15            | 0    | 34         | \-25     | 0              | \-28      | \-3             |
+| 3           | 11  | 48        | \-21    | 4             | 0    | 34         | \-32     | \-10           | \-34      | \-11            |
+| 4           | 10  | 47        | \-26    | \-1           | 0    | 34         | \-36     | \-15           | \-37      | \-17            |
+| 5           | 10  | 47        | \-28    | \-4           | 0    | 34         | \-38     | \-18           | \-40      | \-20            |
+| 6           | 10  | 47        | \-30    | \-7           | 0    | 34         | \-40     | \-20           | \-40      | \-20            |
+| 7           | 10  | 46        | \-31    | \-8           | 0    | 34         | \-41     | \-21           | \-42      | \-22            |
+| 8           | 9   | 46        | \-32    | \-10          | 0    | 34         | \-42     | \-22           | \-42      | \-23            |
+| 9           | 9   | 46        | \-33    | \-11          | 0    | 34         | \-43     | \-23           | \-43      | \-24            |
+| 10          | 9   | 46        | \-34    | \-12          | 0    | 34         | \-43     | \-25           | \-44      | \-25            |
+
+![Overhead %](img/overhead_percent.png)
+
+| Token count | car | carBase64 | carGzip | carGzipBase64 | cbor | cborBase64 | cborGzip | cborGzipBase64 | cborFlate | cborFlateBase64 |
+|-------------|-----|-----------|---------|---------------|------|------------|----------|----------------|-----------|-----------------|
+| 1           | 64  | 226       | 29      | 178           | 4    | 146        | \-35     | 94             | \-52      | 70              |
+| 2           | 102 | 412       | \-107   | 128           | 7    | 288        | \-211    | 0              | \-234     | \-32            |
+| 3           | 140 | 602       | \-270   | 58            | 10   | 430        | \-405    | \-126          | \-429     | \-146           |
+| 4           | 178 | 792       | \-432   | \-28          | 13   | 572        | \-602    | \-252          | \-617     | \-288           |
+| 5           | 216 | 978       | \-582   | \-94          | 16   | 714        | \-805    | \-386          | \-839     | \-418           |
+| 6           | 254 | 1168      | \-759   | \-176         | 19   | 856        | \-1001   | \-508          | \-1018    | \-520           |
+| 7           | 292 | 1358      | \-908   | \-246         | 22   | 998        | \-1204   | \-634          | \-1229    | \-650           |
+| 8           | 330 | 1544      | \-1085  | \-332         | 25   | 1140       | \-1398   | \-756          | \-1423    | \-792           |
+| 9           | 368 | 1734      | \-1257  | \-414         | 28   | 1282       | \-1614   | \-894          | \-1625    | \-930           |
+| 10          | 406 | 1924      | \-1408  | \-508         | 31   | 1424       | \-1804   | \-1040         | \-1826    | \-1060          |
+
+![img.png](img/overhead_bytes.png)
+
+Following is the performance aspect, with CPU usage and memory allocation:
+
+|                 | Write ns/op | Read ns/op | Write B/op | Read B/op | Write allocs/op | Read allocs/op |
+|-----------------|-------------|------------|------------|-----------|-----------------|----------------|
+| car             | 8451        | 1474630    | 17928      | 149437    | 59              | 2631           |
+| carBase64       | 16750       | 1437678    | 24232      | 151502    | 61              | 2633           |
+| carGzip         | 320253      | 1581412    | 823887     | 192272    | 76              | 2665           |
+| carGzipBase64   | 343305      | 1486269    | 828782     | 198543    | 77              | 2669           |
+| cbor            | 6419        | 1301554    | 16368      | 138891    | 25              | 2534           |
+| cborBase64      | 12860       | 1386728    | 20720      | 140962    | 26              | 2536           |
+| cborGzip        | 310106      | 1379146    | 822742     | 182003    | 42              | 2585           |
+| cborGzipBase64  | 317001      | 1462548    | 827640     | 189283    | 43              | 2594           |
+| cborFlate       | 327112      | 1555007    | 822473     | 181537    | 40              | 2591           |
+| cborFlateBase64 | 311276      | 1456562    | 826042     | 188665    | 41              | 2596           |
+
+(BEWARE: logarithmic scale)
+
+![img.png](img/cpu.png)
+![img_1.png](img/alloc_byte.png)
+![img_2.png](img/alloc_count.png)
+
+Conclusion:
+- CAR files are heavy for this usage, notably because they carry the CIDs of the tokens
+- compression works quite well and warrants its usage even with a single token
+- DAG-CBOR outperform CAR files everywhere, and comes with a tiny ~3 bytes per token overhead.
+
+**Formats beside DAG-CBOR and CAR, with or without base64, have been removed. They are in the git history though.**

pkg/container/car.go

@@ -0,0 +1,263 @@
+package container
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"bytes"
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"iter"
+
+	"github.com/ipfs/go-cid"
+	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime"
+	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/codec/dagcbor"
+	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/datamodel"
+	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/fluent/qp"
+	cidlink "github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/linking/cid"
+	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/node/basicnode"
+)
+
+/*
+	Note: below is essentially a re-implementation of the CAR file v1 read and write.
+	This exists here for two reasons:
+		- go-car's API forces to go through an IPLD getter or through a blockstore API
+		- generally, go-car is a very complex and large dependency
+*/
+
+// EmptyCid is a "zero" Cid: zero-length "identity" multihash with "raw" codec
+// It can be used to have at least one root in a CARv1 file (making it legal), yet
+// denote that it can be ignored.
+var EmptyCid = cid.MustParse([]byte{01, 55, 00, 00})
+
+type carBlock struct {
+	c    cid.Cid
+	data []byte
+}
+
+// writeCar writes a CARv1 file containing the blocks from the iterator.
+// If no roots are provided, a single EmptyCid is used as root to make the file
+// spec compliant.
+func writeCar(w io.Writer, roots []cid.Cid, blocks iter.Seq2[carBlock, error]) error {
+	if len(roots) == 0 {
+		roots = []cid.Cid{EmptyCid}
+	}
+	h := carHeader{
+		Roots:   roots,
+		Version: 1,
+	}
+	hb, err := h.Write()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	err = ldWrite(w, hb)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	for block, err := range blocks {
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		err = ldWrite(w, block.c.Bytes(), block.data)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// readCar reads a CARv1 file from the reader, and return a block iterator.
+// Roots are ignored.
+func readCar(r io.Reader) (roots []cid.Cid, blocks iter.Seq2[carBlock, error], err error) {
+	br := bufio.NewReader(r)
+
+	hb, err := ldRead(br)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+	h, err := readHeader(hb)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+	if h.Version != 1 {
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid car version: %d", h.Version)
+	}
+
+	return h.Roots, func(yield func(block carBlock, err error) bool) {
+		for {
+			block, err := readBlock(br)
+			if err == io.EOF {
+				return
+			}
+			if err != nil {
+				if !yield(carBlock{}, err) {
+					return
+				}
+			}
+			if !yield(block, nil) {
+				return
+			}
+		}
+	}, nil
+}
+
+// readBlock reads a section from the reader and decode a (cid+data) block.
+func readBlock(r *bufio.Reader) (carBlock, error) {
+	raw, err := ldRead(r)
+	if err != nil {
+		return carBlock{}, err
+	}
+
+	n, c, err := cid.CidFromReader(bytes.NewReader(raw))
+	if err != nil {
+		return carBlock{}, err
+	}
+	data := raw[n:]
+
+	// integrity check
+	hashed, err := c.Prefix().Sum(data)
+	if err != nil {
+		return carBlock{}, err
+	}
+
+	if !hashed.Equals(c) {
+		return carBlock{}, fmt.Errorf("mismatch in content integrity, name: %s, data: %s", c, hashed)
+	}
+
+	return carBlock{c: c, data: data}, nil
+}
+
+// maxAllowedSectionSize dictates the maximum number of bytes that a CARv1 header
+// or section is allowed to occupy without causing a decode to error.
+// This cannot be supplied as an option, only adjusted as a global. You should
+// use v2#NewReader instead since it allows for options to be passed in.
+var maxAllowedSectionSize uint = 32 << 20 // 32MiB
+
+// ldRead performs a length-delimited read of a section from the reader.
+// A section is composed of an uint length followed by the data.
+func ldRead(r *bufio.Reader) ([]byte, error) {
+	if _, err := r.Peek(1); err != nil { // no more blocks, likely clean io.EOF
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	l, err := binary.ReadUvarint(r)
+	if err != nil {
+		if err == io.EOF {
+			return nil, io.ErrUnexpectedEOF // don't silently pretend this is a clean EOF
+		}
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if l == 0 {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid zero size section")
+	}
+
+	if l > uint64(maxAllowedSectionSize) { // Don't OOM
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("malformed car; header is bigger than MaxAllowedSectionSize")
+	}
+
+	buf := make([]byte, l)
+	if _, err := io.ReadFull(r, buf); err != nil {
+		if err == io.EOF {
+			// we should be able to read the promised bytes, this is not normal
+			return nil, io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+		}
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return buf, nil
+}
+
+// ldWrite performs a length-delimited write of a section on the writer.
+// A section is composed of an uint length followed by the data.
+func ldWrite(w io.Writer, d ...[]byte) error {
+	var sum uint64
+	for _, s := range d {
+		sum += uint64(len(s))
+	}
+
+	buf := make([]byte, 8)
+	n := binary.PutUvarint(buf, sum)
+	_, err := w.Write(buf[:n])
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	for _, s := range d {
+		_, err = w.Write(s)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+type carHeader struct {
+	Roots   []cid.Cid
+	Version uint64
+}
+
+const rootsKey = "roots"
+const versionKey = "version"
+
+func readHeader(data []byte) (*carHeader, error) {
+	var header carHeader
+
+	nd, err := ipld.Decode(data, dagcbor.Decode)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if nd.Length() != 2 {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("malformed car header")
+	}
+	rootsNd, err := nd.LookupByString(rootsKey)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("malformed car header")
+	}
+	it := rootsNd.ListIterator()
+	if it == nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("malformed car header")
+	}
+	header.Roots = make([]cid.Cid, 0, rootsNd.Length())
+	for !it.Done() {
+		_, nd, err := it.Next()
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		lk, err := nd.AsLink()
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		switch lk := lk.(type) {
+		case cidlink.Link:
+			header.Roots = append(header.Roots, lk.Cid)
+		default:
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("malformed car header")
+		}
+	}
+	versionNd, err := nd.LookupByString(versionKey)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("malformed car header")
+	}
+	version, err := versionNd.AsInt()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("malformed car header")
+	}
+	header.Version = uint64(version)
+	return &header, nil
+}
+
+func (ch *carHeader) Write() ([]byte, error) {
+	nd, err := qp.BuildMap(basicnode.Prototype.Any, 2, func(ma datamodel.MapAssembler) {
+		qp.MapEntry(ma, rootsKey, qp.List(int64(len(ch.Roots)), func(la datamodel.ListAssembler) {
+			for _, root := range ch.Roots {
+				qp.ListEntry(la, qp.Link(cidlink.Link{Cid: root}))
+			}
+		}))
+		qp.MapEntry(ma, versionKey, qp.Int(1))
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return ipld.Encode(nd, dagcbor.Encode)
+}

pkg/container/car_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+package container
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"os"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestCarRoundTrip(t *testing.T) {
+	// this car file is a complex and legal CARv1 file
+	original, err := os.ReadFile("testdata/sample-v1.car")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	roots, it, err := readCar(bytes.NewReader(original))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	var blks []carBlock
+	for blk, err := range it {
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		blks = append(blks, blk)
+	}
+
+	require.Len(t, blks, 1049)
+
+	buf := bytes.NewBuffer(nil)
+
+	err = writeCar(buf, roots, func(yield func(carBlock, error) bool) {
+		for _, blk := range blks {
+			if !yield(blk, nil) {
+				return
+			}
+		}
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Bytes equal after the round-trip
+	require.Equal(t, original, buf.Bytes())
+}
+
+func FuzzCarRoundTrip(f *testing.F) {
+	example, err := os.ReadFile("testdata/sample-v1.car")
+	require.NoError(f, err)
+
+	f.Add(example)
+
+	f.Fuzz(func(t *testing.T, data []byte) {
+		roots, blocksIter, err := readCar(bytes.NewReader(data))
+		if err != nil {
+			// skip invalid binary
+			t.Skip()
+		}
+
+		// reading all the blocks, which force reading and verifying the full file
+		var blocks []carBlock
+		for block, err := range blocksIter {
+			if err != nil {
+				// error reading, invalid data
+				t.Skip()
+			}
+			blocks = append(blocks, block)
+		}
+
+		var buf bytes.Buffer
+		err = writeCar(&buf, roots, func(yield func(carBlock, error) bool) {
+			for _, blk := range blocks {
+				if !yield(blk, nil) {
+					return
+				}
+			}
+		})
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		// test if the round-trip produce a byte-equal CAR
+		require.Equal(t, data, buf.Bytes())
+	})
+}

pkg/container/reader.go

@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+package container
+
+import (
+	"encoding/base64"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+
+	"github.com/ipfs/go-cid"
+	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime"
+	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/codec/dagcbor"
+	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/datamodel"
+
+	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/token"
+	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/token/delegation"
+	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/token/invocation"
+)
+
+var ErrNotFound = fmt.Errorf("not found")
+
+// Reader is a token container reader. It exposes the tokens conveniently decoded.
+type Reader map[cid.Cid]token.Token
+
+// GetToken returns an arbitrary decoded token, from its CID.
+// If not found, ErrNotFound is returned.
+func (ctn Reader) GetToken(cid cid.Cid) (token.Token, error) {
+	tkn, ok := ctn[cid]
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, ErrNotFound
+	}
+	return tkn, nil
+}
+
+// GetDelegation is the same as GetToken but only return a delegation.Token, with the right type.
+func (ctn Reader) GetDelegation(cid cid.Cid) (*delegation.Token, error) {
+	tkn, err := ctn.GetToken(cid)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if tkn, ok := tkn.(*delegation.Token); ok {
+		return tkn, nil
+	}
+	return nil, fmt.Errorf("not a delegation token")
+}
+
+// GetInvocation returns the first found invocation.Token.
+// If none are found, ErrNotFound is returned.
+func (ctn Reader) GetInvocation() (*invocation.Token, error) {
+	for _, t := range ctn {
+		if inv, ok := t.(*invocation.Token); ok {
+			return inv, nil
+		}
+	}
+	return nil, ErrNotFound
+}
+
+func FromCar(r io.Reader) (Reader, error) {
+	_, it, err := readCar(r)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	ctn := make(Reader)
+
+	for block, err := range it {
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+
+		err = ctn.addToken(block.data)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
+
+	return ctn, nil
+}
+
+func FromCarBase64(r io.Reader) (Reader, error) {
+	return FromCar(base64.NewDecoder(base64.StdEncoding, r))
+}
+
+func FromCbor(r io.Reader) (Reader, error) {
+	n, err := ipld.DecodeStreaming(r, dagcbor.Decode)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if n.Kind() != datamodel.Kind_List {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("not a list")
+	}
+
+	ctn := make(Reader, n.Length())
+
+	it := n.ListIterator()
+	for !it.Done() {
+		_, val, err := it.Next()
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		data, err := val.AsBytes()
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		err = ctn.addToken(data)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
+	return ctn, nil
+}
+
+func FromCborBase64(r io.Reader) (Reader, error) {
+	return FromCbor(base64.NewDecoder(base64.StdEncoding, r))
+}
+
+func (ctn Reader) addToken(data []byte) error {
+	tkn, c, err := token.FromSealed(data)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	ctn[c] = tkn
+	return nil
+}

pkg/container/serial_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
+package container
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"crypto/rand"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/ipfs/go-cid"
+	"github.com/libp2p/go-libp2p/core/crypto"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/did"
+	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/pkg/command"
+	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/pkg/policy"
+	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/pkg/policy/literal"
+	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/token/delegation"
+)
+
+func TestContainerRoundTrip(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, tc := range []struct {
+		name   string
+		writer func(ctn Writer, w io.Writer) error
+		reader func(io.Reader) (Reader, error)
+	}{
+		{"car", Writer.ToCar, FromCar},
+		{"carBase64", Writer.ToCarBase64, FromCarBase64},
+		{"cbor", Writer.ToCbor, FromCbor},
+		{"cborBase64", Writer.ToCborBase64, FromCborBase64},
+	} {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			tokens := make(map[cid.Cid]*delegation.Token)
+			var dataSize int
+
+			writer := NewWriter()
+
+			for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
+				dlg, c, data := randToken()
+				writer.AddSealed(c, data)
+				tokens[c] = dlg
+				dataSize += len(data)
+			}
+
+			buf := bytes.NewBuffer(nil)
+
+			err := tc.writer(writer, buf)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			t.Logf("data size %d", dataSize)
+			t.Logf("container overhead: %d%%, %d bytes", int(float32(buf.Len()-dataSize)/float32(dataSize)*100.0), buf.Len()-dataSize)
+
+			reader, err := tc.reader(bytes.NewReader(buf.Bytes()))
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			for c, dlg := range tokens {
+				tknRead, err := reader.GetToken(c)
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+
+				// require.Equal fails as time.Time holds a wall time that is going to be
+				// different, even if it represents the same event.
+				// We need to do the following instead.
+
+				dlgRead := tknRead.(*delegation.Token)
+				require.Equal(t, dlg.Issuer(), dlgRead.Issuer())
+				require.Equal(t, dlg.Audience(), dlgRead.Audience())
+				require.Equal(t, dlg.Subject(), dlgRead.Subject())
+				require.Equal(t, dlg.Command(), dlgRead.Command())
+				require.Equal(t, dlg.Policy(), dlgRead.Policy())
+				require.Equal(t, dlg.Nonce(), dlgRead.Nonce())
+				require.True(t, dlg.Meta().Equals(dlgRead.Meta()))
+				if dlg.NotBefore() != nil {
+					// within 1s as the original value gets truncated to seconds when serialized
+					require.WithinDuration(t, *dlg.NotBefore(), *dlgRead.NotBefore(), time.Second)
+				}
+				if dlg.Expiration() != nil {
+					// within 1s as the original value gets truncated to seconds when serialized
+					require.WithinDuration(t, *dlg.Expiration(), *dlgRead.Expiration(), time.Second)
+				}
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func BenchmarkContainerSerialisation(b *testing.B) {
+	var duration strings.Builder
+	var allocByte strings.Builder
+	var allocCount strings.Builder
+
+	for _, builder := range []strings.Builder{duration, allocByte, allocCount} {
+		builder.WriteString("car\tcarBase64\tcarGzip\tcarGzipBase64\tcbor\tcborBase64\tcborGzip\tcborGzipBase64\tcborFlate\tcborFlateBase64\n")
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range []struct {
+		name   string
+		writer func(ctn Writer, w io.Writer) error
+		reader func(io.Reader) (Reader, error)
+	}{
+		{"car", Writer.ToCar, FromCar},
+		{"carBase64", Writer.ToCarBase64, FromCarBase64},
+		{"cbor", Writer.ToCbor, FromCbor},
+		{"cborBase64", Writer.ToCborBase64, FromCborBase64},
+	} {
+		writer := NewWriter()
+
+		for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
+			_, c, data := randToken()
+			writer.AddSealed(c, data)
+		}
+
+		buf := bytes.NewBuffer(nil)
+		_ = tc.writer(writer, buf)
+
+		b.Run(tc.name+"_write", func(b *testing.B) {
+			b.ReportAllocs()
+			for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+				buf := bytes.NewBuffer(nil)
+				_ = tc.writer(writer, buf)
+			}
+		})
+
+		b.Run(tc.name+"_read", func(b *testing.B) {
+			b.ReportAllocs()
+			for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+				_, _ = tc.reader(bytes.NewReader(buf.Bytes()))
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func randDID() (crypto.PrivKey, did.DID) {
+	privKey, _, err := crypto.GenerateEd25519Key(rand.Reader)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	d, err := did.FromPrivKey(privKey)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	return privKey, d
+}
+
+func randomString(length int) string {
+	b := make([]byte, length/2+1)
+	_, _ = rand.Read(b)
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%x", b)[0:length]
+}
+
+func randToken() (*delegation.Token, cid.Cid, []byte) {
+	priv, iss := randDID()
+	_, aud := randDID()
+	cmd := command.New("foo", "bar")
+	pol := policy.MustConstruct(
+		policy.All(".[]",
+			policy.GreaterThan(".value", literal.Int(2)),
+		),
+	)
+
+	opts := []delegation.Option{
+		delegation.WithExpiration(time.Now().Add(time.Hour)),
+		delegation.WithSubject(iss),
+	}
+	for i := 0; i < 3; i++ {
+		opts = append(opts, delegation.WithMeta(randomString(8), randomString(10)))
+	}
+
+	t, err := delegation.New(priv, aud, cmd, pol, opts...)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	b, c, err := t.ToSealed(priv)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	return t, c, b
+}

pkg/container/writer.go

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+package container
+
+import (
+	"encoding/base64"
+	"io"
+
+	"github.com/ipfs/go-cid"
+	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime"
+	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/codec/dagcbor"
+	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/datamodel"
+	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/fluent/qp"
+	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/node/basicnode"
+)
+
+// TODO: should we have a multibase to wrap the cbor? but there is no reader/write in go-multibase :-(
+
+// Writer is a token container writer. It provides a convenient way to aggregate and serialize tokens together.
+type Writer map[cid.Cid][]byte
+
+func NewWriter() Writer {
+	return make(Writer)
+}
+
+// AddSealed includes a "sealed" token (serialized with a ToSealed* function) in the container.
+func (ctn Writer) AddSealed(cid cid.Cid, data []byte) {
+	ctn[cid] = data
+}
+
+func (ctn Writer) ToCar(w io.Writer) error {
+	return writeCar(w, nil, func(yield func(carBlock, error) bool) {
+		for c, bytes := range ctn {
+			if !yield(carBlock{c: c, data: bytes}, nil) {
+				return
+			}
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func (ctn Writer) ToCarBase64(w io.Writer) error {
+	w2 := base64.NewEncoder(base64.StdEncoding, w)
+	defer w2.Close()
+	return ctn.ToCar(w2)
+}
+
+func (ctn Writer) ToCbor(w io.Writer) error {
+	node, err := qp.BuildList(basicnode.Prototype.Any, int64(len(ctn)), func(la datamodel.ListAssembler) {
+		for _, bytes := range ctn {
+			qp.ListEntry(la, qp.Bytes(bytes))
+		}
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return ipld.EncodeStreaming(w, node, dagcbor.Encode)
+}
+
+func (ctn Writer) ToCborBase64(w io.Writer) error {
+	w2 := base64.NewEncoder(base64.StdEncoding, w)
+	defer w2.Close()
+	return ctn.ToCbor(w2)
+}

pkg/meta/meta.go

@@ -4,10 +4,12 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"reflect"
+	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime"
 	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/datamodel"
 	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/node/basicnode"
+	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/printer"
 )
 
 var ErrUnsupported = errors.New("failure adding unsupported type to meta")
@@ -123,6 +125,41 @@ func (m *Meta) Add(key string, val any) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+// Equals tells if two Meta hold the same key/values.
+func (m *Meta) Equals(other *Meta) bool {
+	if len(m.Keys) != len(other.Keys) {
+		return false
+	}
+	if len(m.Values) != len(other.Values) {
+		return false
+	}
+	for _, key := range m.Keys {
+		if !ipld.DeepEqual(m.Values[key], other.Values[key]) {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+func (m *Meta) String() string {
+	buf := strings.Builder{}
+	buf.WriteString("{")
+
+	var i int
+	for key, node := range m.Values {
+		if i > 0 {
+			buf.WriteString(", ")
+		}
+		i++
+		buf.WriteString(key)
+		buf.WriteString(":")
+		buf.WriteString(printer.Sprint(node))
+	}
+
+	buf.WriteString("}")
+	return buf.String()
+}
+
 func fqtn(val any) string {
 	var name string
 

pkg/meta/meta_test.go

@@ -4,8 +4,9 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/pkg/meta"
 	"gotest.tools/v3/assert"
+
+	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/pkg/meta"
 )
 
 func TestMeta_Add(t *testing.T) {

pkg/policy/ipld.go

@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ func statementFromIPLD(path string, node datamodel.Node) (Statement, error) {
 			if err != nil {
 				return nil, err
 			}
-			return Not(statement), nil
+			return negation{statement: statement}, nil
 
 		case KindAnd, KindOr:
 			arg2, _ := node.LookupByIndex(1)
@@ -93,11 +93,11 @@ func statementFromIPLD(path string, node datamodel.Node) (Statement, error) {
 			if pattern.Kind() != datamodel.Kind_String {
 				return nil, ErrNotAString(combinePath(path, op, 2))
 			}
-			res, err := Like(sel, must.String(pattern))
+			g, err := parseGlob(must.String(pattern))
 			if err != nil {
 				return nil, ErrInvalidPattern(combinePath(path, op, 2), err)
 			}
-			return res, nil
+			return wildcard{selector: sel, pattern: g}, nil
 
 		case KindAll, KindAny:
 			sel, err := arg2AsSelector(op)

pkg/policy/literal/literal.go

@@ -1,48 +1,24 @@
+// Package literal holds a collection of functions to create IPLD types to use in policies, selector and args.
 package literal
 
 import (
+	"github.com/ipfs/go-cid"
 	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime"
+	cidlink "github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/linking/cid"
 	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/node/basicnode"
 )
 
-func Node(n ipld.Node) ipld.Node {
-	return n
-}
+// TODO: remove entirely?
 
-func Link(cid ipld.Link) ipld.Node {
-	nb := basicnode.Prototype.Link.NewBuilder()
-	nb.AssignLink(cid)
-	return nb.Build()
-}
+var Bool = basicnode.NewBool
+var Int = basicnode.NewInt
+var Float = basicnode.NewFloat
+var String = basicnode.NewString
+var Bytes = basicnode.NewBytes
+var Link = basicnode.NewLink
 
-func Bool(val bool) ipld.Node {
-	nb := basicnode.Prototype.Bool.NewBuilder()
-	nb.AssignBool(val)
-	return nb.Build()
-}
-
-func Int(val int64) ipld.Node {
-	nb := basicnode.Prototype.Int.NewBuilder()
-	nb.AssignInt(val)
-	return nb.Build()
-}
-
-func Float(val float64) ipld.Node {
-	nb := basicnode.Prototype.Float.NewBuilder()
-	nb.AssignFloat(val)
-	return nb.Build()
-}
-
-func String(val string) ipld.Node {
-	nb := basicnode.Prototype.String.NewBuilder()
-	nb.AssignString(val)
-	return nb.Build()
-}
-
-func Bytes(val []byte) ipld.Node {
-	nb := basicnode.Prototype.Bytes.NewBuilder()
-	nb.AssignBytes(val)
-	return nb.Build()
+func LinkCid(cid cid.Cid) ipld.Node {
+	return Link(cidlink.Link{Cid: cid})
 }
 
 func Null() ipld.Node {

pkg/policy/match.go

@@ -7,13 +7,11 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime"
 	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/datamodel"
 	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/must"
-
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/pkg/policy/selector"
 )
 
-// Match determines if the IPLD node matches the policy document.
-func Match(policy Policy, node ipld.Node) bool {
-	for _, stmt := range policy {
+// Match determines if the IPLD node satisfies the policy.
+func (p Policy) Match(node datamodel.Node) bool {
+	for _, stmt := range p {
 		ok := matchStatement(stmt, node)
 		if !ok {
 			return false
@@ -26,54 +24,43 @@ func matchStatement(statement Statement, node ipld.Node) bool {
 	switch statement.Kind() {
 	case KindEqual:
 		if s, ok := statement.(equality); ok {
-			one, many, err := selector.Select(s.selector, node)
+			res, err := s.selector.Select(node)
 			if err != nil {
 				return false
 			}
-			if one != nil {
-				return datamodel.DeepEqual(s.value, one)
-			}
-			if many != nil {
-				for _, n := range many {
-					if eq := datamodel.DeepEqual(s.value, n); eq {
-						return true
-					}
-				}
-			}
-
-			return false
+			return datamodel.DeepEqual(s.value, res)
 		}
 	case KindGreaterThan:
 		if s, ok := statement.(equality); ok {
-			one, _, err := selector.Select(s.selector, node)
-			if err != nil || one == nil {
+			res, err := s.selector.Select(node)
+			if err != nil {
 				return false
 			}
-			return isOrdered(s.value, one, gt)
+			return isOrdered(s.value, res, gt)
 		}
 	case KindGreaterThanOrEqual:
 		if s, ok := statement.(equality); ok {
-			one, _, err := selector.Select(s.selector, node)
-			if err != nil || one == nil {
+			res, err := s.selector.Select(node)
+			if err != nil {
 				return false
 			}
-			return isOrdered(s.value, one, gte)
+			return isOrdered(s.value, res, gte)
 		}
 	case KindLessThan:
 		if s, ok := statement.(equality); ok {
-			one, _, err := selector.Select(s.selector, node)
-			if err != nil || one == nil {
+			res, err := s.selector.Select(node)
+			if err != nil {
 				return false
 			}
-			return isOrdered(s.value, one, lt)
+			return isOrdered(s.value, res, lt)
 		}
 	case KindLessThanOrEqual:
 		if s, ok := statement.(equality); ok {
-			one, _, err := selector.Select(s.selector, node)
-			if err != nil || one == nil {
+			res, err := s.selector.Select(node)
+			if err != nil {
 				return false
 			}
-			return isOrdered(s.value, one, lte)
+			return isOrdered(s.value, res, lte)
 		}
 	case KindNot:
 		if s, ok := statement.(negation); ok {
@@ -104,24 +91,32 @@ func matchStatement(statement Statement, node ipld.Node) bool {
 		}
 	case KindLike:
 		if s, ok := statement.(wildcard); ok {
-			one, _, err := selector.Select(s.selector, node)
-			if err != nil || one == nil {
-				return false
-			}
-			v, err := one.AsString()
+			res, err := s.selector.Select(node)
 			if err != nil {
 				return false
 			}
+			v, err := res.AsString()
+			if err != nil {
+				return false // not a string
+			}
 			return s.pattern.Match(v)
 		}
 	case KindAll:
 		if s, ok := statement.(quantifier); ok {
-			_, many, err := selector.Select(s.selector, node)
-			if err != nil || many == nil {
+			res, err := s.selector.Select(node)
+			if err != nil {
 				return false
 			}
-			for _, n := range many {
-				ok := matchStatement(s.statement, n)
+			it := res.ListIterator()
+			if it == nil {
+				return false // not a list
+			}
+			for !it.Done() {
+				_, v, err := it.Next()
+				if err != nil {
+					return false
+				}
+				ok := matchStatement(s.statement, v)
 				if !ok {
 					return false
 				}
@@ -130,25 +125,24 @@ func matchStatement(statement Statement, node ipld.Node) bool {
 		}
 	case KindAny:
 		if s, ok := statement.(quantifier); ok {
-			one, many, err := selector.Select(s.selector, node)
+			res, err := s.selector.Select(node)
 			if err != nil {
 				return false
 			}
-			if one != nil {
-				ok := matchStatement(s.statement, one)
+			it := res.ListIterator()
+			if it == nil {
+				return false // not a list
+			}
+			for !it.Done() {
+				_, v, err := it.Next()
+				if err != nil {
+					return false
+				}
+				ok := matchStatement(s.statement, v)
 				if ok {
 					return true
 				}
 			}
-			if many != nil {
-				for _, n := range many {
-					ok := matchStatement(s.statement, n)
-					if ok {
-						return true
-					}
-				}
-			}
-
 			return false
 		}
 	}

pkg/policy/match_test.go

@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 
 	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/pkg/policy/literal"
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/pkg/policy/selector"
 )
 
 func TestMatch(t *testing.T) {
@@ -23,16 +22,16 @@ func TestMatch(t *testing.T) {
 			nb.AssignString("test")
 			nd := nb.Build()
 
-			pol := Policy{Equal(selector.MustParse("."), literal.String("test"))}
-			ok := Match(pol, nd)
+			pol := MustConstruct(Equal(".", literal.String("test")))
+			ok := pol.Match(nd)
 			require.True(t, ok)
 
-			pol = Policy{Equal(selector.MustParse("."), literal.String("test2"))}
-			ok = Match(pol, nd)
+			pol = MustConstruct(Equal(".", literal.String("test2")))
+			ok = pol.Match(nd)
 			require.False(t, ok)
 
-			pol = Policy{Equal(selector.MustParse("."), literal.Int(138))}
-			ok = Match(pol, nd)
+			pol = MustConstruct(Equal(".", literal.Int(138)))
+			ok = pol.Match(nd)
 			require.False(t, ok)
 		})
 
@@ -42,16 +41,16 @@ func TestMatch(t *testing.T) {
 			nb.AssignInt(138)
 			nd := nb.Build()
 
-			pol := Policy{Equal(selector.MustParse("."), literal.Int(138))}
-			ok := Match(pol, nd)
+			pol := MustConstruct(Equal(".", literal.Int(138)))
+			ok := pol.Match(nd)
 			require.True(t, ok)
 
-			pol = Policy{Equal(selector.MustParse("."), literal.Int(1138))}
-			ok = Match(pol, nd)
+			pol = MustConstruct(Equal(".", literal.Int(1138)))
+			ok = pol.Match(nd)
 			require.False(t, ok)
 
-			pol = Policy{Equal(selector.MustParse("."), literal.String("138"))}
-			ok = Match(pol, nd)
+			pol = MustConstruct(Equal(".", literal.String("138")))
+			ok = pol.Match(nd)
 			require.False(t, ok)
 		})
 
@@ -61,16 +60,16 @@ func TestMatch(t *testing.T) {
 			nb.AssignFloat(1.138)
 			nd := nb.Build()
 
-			pol := Policy{Equal(selector.MustParse("."), literal.Float(1.138))}
-			ok := Match(pol, nd)
+			pol := MustConstruct(Equal(".", literal.Float(1.138)))
+			ok := pol.Match(nd)
 			require.True(t, ok)
 
-			pol = Policy{Equal(selector.MustParse("."), literal.Float(11.38))}
-			ok = Match(pol, nd)
+			pol = MustConstruct(Equal(".", literal.Float(11.38)))
+			ok = pol.Match(nd)
 			require.False(t, ok)
 
-			pol = Policy{Equal(selector.MustParse("."), literal.String("138"))}
-			ok = Match(pol, nd)
+			pol = MustConstruct(Equal(".", literal.String("138")))
+			ok = pol.Match(nd)
 			require.False(t, ok)
 		})
 
@@ -83,16 +82,16 @@ func TestMatch(t *testing.T) {
 			nb.AssignLink(l0)
 			nd := nb.Build()
 
-			pol := Policy{Equal(selector.MustParse("."), literal.Link(l0))}
-			ok := Match(pol, nd)
+			pol := MustConstruct(Equal(".", literal.Link(l0)))
+			ok := pol.Match(nd)
 			require.True(t, ok)
 
-			pol = Policy{Equal(selector.MustParse("."), literal.Link(l1))}
-			ok = Match(pol, nd)
+			pol = MustConstruct(Equal(".", literal.Link(l1)))
+			ok = pol.Match(nd)
 			require.False(t, ok)
 
-			pol = Policy{Equal(selector.MustParse("."), literal.String("bafybeif4owy5gno5lwnixqm52rwqfodklf76hsetxdhffuxnplvijskzqq"))}
-			ok = Match(pol, nd)
+			pol = MustConstruct(Equal(".", literal.String("bafybeif4owy5gno5lwnixqm52rwqfodklf76hsetxdhffuxnplvijskzqq")))
+			ok = pol.Match(nd)
 			require.False(t, ok)
 		})
 
@@ -105,20 +104,20 @@ func TestMatch(t *testing.T) {
 			ma.Finish()
 			nd := nb.Build()
 
-			pol := Policy{Equal(selector.MustParse(".foo"), literal.String("bar"))}
-			ok := Match(pol, nd)
+			pol := MustConstruct(Equal(".foo", literal.String("bar")))
+			ok := pol.Match(nd)
 			require.True(t, ok)
 
-			pol = Policy{Equal(selector.MustParse(".[\"foo\"]"), literal.String("bar"))}
-			ok = Match(pol, nd)
+			pol = MustConstruct(Equal(".[\"foo\"]", literal.String("bar")))
+			ok = pol.Match(nd)
 			require.True(t, ok)
 
-			pol = Policy{Equal(selector.MustParse(".foo"), literal.String("baz"))}
-			ok = Match(pol, nd)
+			pol = MustConstruct(Equal(".foo", literal.String("baz")))
+			ok = pol.Match(nd)
 			require.False(t, ok)
 
-			pol = Policy{Equal(selector.MustParse(".foobar"), literal.String("bar"))}
-			ok = Match(pol, nd)
+			pol = MustConstruct(Equal(".foobar", literal.String("bar")))
+			ok = pol.Match(nd)
 			require.False(t, ok)
 		})
 
@@ -130,12 +129,12 @@ func TestMatch(t *testing.T) {
 			la.Finish()
 			nd := nb.Build()
 
-			pol := Policy{Equal(selector.MustParse(".[0]"), literal.String("foo"))}
-			ok := Match(pol, nd)
+			pol := MustConstruct(Equal(".[0]", literal.String("foo")))
+			ok := pol.Match(nd)
 			require.True(t, ok)
 
-			pol = Policy{Equal(selector.MustParse(".[1]"), literal.String("foo"))}
-			ok = Match(pol, nd)
+			pol = MustConstruct(Equal(".[1]", literal.String("foo")))
+			ok = pol.Match(nd)
 			require.False(t, ok)
 		})
 	})
@@ -147,8 +146,8 @@ func TestMatch(t *testing.T) {
 			nb.AssignInt(138)
 			nd := nb.Build()
 
-			pol := Policy{GreaterThan(selector.MustParse("."), literal.Int(1))}
-			ok := Match(pol, nd)
+			pol := MustConstruct(GreaterThan(".", literal.Int(1)))
+			ok := pol.Match(nd)
 			require.True(t, ok)
 		})
 
@@ -158,12 +157,12 @@ func TestMatch(t *testing.T) {
 			nb.AssignInt(138)
 			nd := nb.Build()
 
-			pol := Policy{GreaterThanOrEqual(selector.MustParse("."), literal.Int(1))}
-			ok := Match(pol, nd)
+			pol := MustConstruct(GreaterThanOrEqual(".", literal.Int(1)))
+			ok := pol.Match(nd)
 			require.True(t, ok)
 
-			pol = Policy{GreaterThanOrEqual(selector.MustParse("."), literal.Int(138))}
-			ok = Match(pol, nd)
+			pol = MustConstruct(GreaterThanOrEqual(".", literal.Int(138)))
+			ok = pol.Match(nd)
 			require.True(t, ok)
 		})
 
@@ -173,8 +172,8 @@ func TestMatch(t *testing.T) {
 			nb.AssignFloat(1.38)
 			nd := nb.Build()
 
-			pol := Policy{GreaterThan(selector.MustParse("."), literal.Float(1))}
-			ok := Match(pol, nd)
+			pol := MustConstruct(GreaterThan(".", literal.Float(1)))
+			ok := pol.Match(nd)
 			require.True(t, ok)
 		})
 
@@ -184,12 +183,12 @@ func TestMatch(t *testing.T) {
 			nb.AssignFloat(1.38)
 			nd := nb.Build()
 
-			pol := Policy{GreaterThanOrEqual(selector.MustParse("."), literal.Float(1))}
-			ok := Match(pol, nd)
+			pol := MustConstruct(GreaterThanOrEqual(".", literal.Float(1)))
+			ok := pol.Match(nd)
 			require.True(t, ok)
 
-			pol = Policy{GreaterThanOrEqual(selector.MustParse("."), literal.Float(1.38))}
-			ok = Match(pol, nd)
+			pol = MustConstruct(GreaterThanOrEqual(".", literal.Float(1.38)))
+			ok = pol.Match(nd)
 			require.True(t, ok)
 		})
 
@@ -199,8 +198,8 @@ func TestMatch(t *testing.T) {
 			nb.AssignInt(138)
 			nd := nb.Build()
 
-			pol := Policy{LessThan(selector.MustParse("."), literal.Int(1138))}
-			ok := Match(pol, nd)
+			pol := MustConstruct(LessThan(".", literal.Int(1138)))
+			ok := pol.Match(nd)
 			require.True(t, ok)
 		})
 
@@ -210,12 +209,12 @@ func TestMatch(t *testing.T) {
 			nb.AssignInt(138)
 			nd := nb.Build()
 
-			pol := Policy{LessThanOrEqual(selector.MustParse("."), literal.Int(1138))}
-			ok := Match(pol, nd)
+			pol := MustConstruct(LessThanOrEqual(".", literal.Int(1138)))
+			ok := pol.Match(nd)
 			require.True(t, ok)
 
-			pol = Policy{LessThanOrEqual(selector.MustParse("."), literal.Int(138))}
-			ok = Match(pol, nd)
+			pol = MustConstruct(LessThanOrEqual(".", literal.Int(138)))
+			ok = pol.Match(nd)
 			require.True(t, ok)
 		})
 	})
@@ -226,12 +225,12 @@ func TestMatch(t *testing.T) {
 		nb.AssignBool(false)
 		nd := nb.Build()
 
-		pol := Policy{Not(Equal(selector.MustParse("."), literal.Bool(true)))}
-		ok := Match(pol, nd)
+		pol := MustConstruct(Not(Equal(".", literal.Bool(true))))
+		ok := pol.Match(nd)
 		require.True(t, ok)
 
-		pol = Policy{Not(Equal(selector.MustParse("."), literal.Bool(false)))}
-		ok = Match(pol, nd)
+		pol = MustConstruct(Not(Equal(".", literal.Bool(false))))
+		ok = pol.Match(nd)
 		require.False(t, ok)
 	})
 
@@ -241,26 +240,26 @@ func TestMatch(t *testing.T) {
 		nb.AssignInt(138)
 		nd := nb.Build()
 
-		pol := Policy{
+		pol := MustConstruct(
 			And(
-				GreaterThan(selector.MustParse("."), literal.Int(1)),
-				LessThan(selector.MustParse("."), literal.Int(1138)),
+				GreaterThan(".", literal.Int(1)),
+				LessThan(".", literal.Int(1138)),
 			),
-		}
-		ok := Match(pol, nd)
+		)
+		ok := pol.Match(nd)
 		require.True(t, ok)
 
-		pol = Policy{
+		pol = MustConstruct(
 			And(
-				GreaterThan(selector.MustParse("."), literal.Int(1)),
-				Equal(selector.MustParse("."), literal.Int(1138)),
+				GreaterThan(".", literal.Int(1)),
+				Equal(".", literal.Int(1138)),
 			),
-		}
-		ok = Match(pol, nd)
+		)
+		ok = pol.Match(nd)
 		require.False(t, ok)
 
-		pol = Policy{And()}
-		ok = Match(pol, nd)
+		pol = MustConstruct(And())
+		ok = pol.Match(nd)
 		require.True(t, ok)
 	})
 
@@ -270,26 +269,26 @@ func TestMatch(t *testing.T) {
 		nb.AssignInt(138)
 		nd := nb.Build()
 
-		pol := Policy{
+		pol := MustConstruct(
 			Or(
-				GreaterThan(selector.MustParse("."), literal.Int(138)),
-				LessThan(selector.MustParse("."), literal.Int(1138)),
+				GreaterThan(".", literal.Int(138)),
+				LessThan(".", literal.Int(1138)),
 			),
-		}
-		ok := Match(pol, nd)
+		)
+		ok := pol.Match(nd)
 		require.True(t, ok)
 
-		pol = Policy{
+		pol = MustConstruct(
 			Or(
-				GreaterThan(selector.MustParse("."), literal.Int(138)),
-				Equal(selector.MustParse("."), literal.Int(1138)),
+				GreaterThan(".", literal.Int(138)),
+				Equal(".", literal.Int(1138)),
 			),
-		}
-		ok = Match(pol, nd)
+		)
+		ok = pol.Match(nd)
 		require.False(t, ok)
 
-		pol = Policy{Or()}
-		ok = Match(pol, nd)
+		pol = MustConstruct(Or())
+		ok = pol.Match(nd)
 		require.True(t, ok)
 	})
 
@@ -309,11 +308,8 @@ func TestMatch(t *testing.T) {
 					nb.AssignString(s)
 					nd := nb.Build()
 
-					statement, err := Like(selector.MustParse("."), pattern)
-					require.NoError(t, err)
-
-					pol := Policy{statement}
-					ok := Match(pol, nd)
+					pol := MustConstruct(Like(".", pattern))
+					ok := pol.Match(nd)
 					require.True(t, ok)
 				})
 			}(s)
@@ -333,11 +329,8 @@ func TestMatch(t *testing.T) {
 					nb.AssignString(s)
 					nd := nb.Build()
 
-					statement, err := Like(selector.MustParse("."), pattern)
-					require.NoError(t, err)
-
-					pol := Policy{statement}
-					ok := Match(pol, nd)
+					pol := MustConstruct(Like(".", pattern))
+					ok := pol.Match(nd)
 					require.False(t, ok)
 				})
 			}(s)
@@ -367,22 +360,12 @@ func TestMatch(t *testing.T) {
 			la.Finish()
 			nd := nb.Build()
 
-			pol := Policy{
-				All(
-					selector.MustParse(".[]"),
-					GreaterThan(selector.MustParse(".value"), literal.Int(2)),
-				),
-			}
-			ok := Match(pol, nd)
+			pol := MustConstruct(All(".[]", GreaterThan(".value", literal.Int(2))))
+			ok := pol.Match(nd)
 			require.True(t, ok)
 
-			pol = Policy{
-				All(
-					selector.MustParse(".[]"),
-					GreaterThan(selector.MustParse(".value"), literal.Int(20)),
-				),
-			}
-			ok = Match(pol, nd)
+			pol = MustConstruct(All(".[]", GreaterThan(".value", literal.Int(20))))
+			ok = pol.Match(nd)
 			require.False(t, ok)
 		})
 
@@ -398,22 +381,12 @@ func TestMatch(t *testing.T) {
 			la.Finish()
 			nd := nb.Build()
 
-			pol := Policy{
-				Any(
-					selector.MustParse(".[]"),
-					GreaterThan(selector.MustParse(".value"), literal.Int(60)),
-				),
-			}
-			ok := Match(pol, nd)
+			pol := MustConstruct(Any(".[]", GreaterThan(".value", literal.Int(60))))
+			ok := pol.Match(nd)
 			require.True(t, ok)
 
-			pol = Policy{
-				Any(
-					selector.MustParse(".[]"),
-					GreaterThan(selector.MustParse(".value"), literal.Int(100)),
-				),
-			}
-			ok = Match(pol, nd)
+			pol = MustConstruct(Any(".[]", GreaterThan(".value", literal.Int(100))))
+			ok = pol.Match(nd)
 			require.False(t, ok)
 		})
 	})
@@ -432,7 +405,7 @@ func TestPolicyExamples(t *testing.T) {
 
 		pol, err := FromDagJson(policy)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
-		return Match(pol, data)
+		return pol.Match(data)
 	}
 
 	t.Run("And", func(t *testing.T) {
@@ -536,6 +509,6 @@ func FuzzMatch(f *testing.F) {
 			t.Skip()
 		}
 
-		Match(policy, dataNode)
+		policy.Match(dataNode)
 	})
 }

pkg/policy/policy.go

@@ -3,9 +3,13 @@ package policy
 // https://github.com/ucan-wg/delegation/blob/4094d5878b58f5d35055a3b93fccda0b8329ebae/README.md#policy
 
 import (
-	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime"
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
 
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/pkg/policy/selector"
+	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime"
+	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/codec/dagjson"
+
+	selpkg "github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/pkg/policy/selector"
 )
 
 const (
@@ -24,13 +28,43 @@ const (
 
 type Policy []Statement
 
+type Constructor func() (Statement, error)
+
+func Construct(cstors ...Constructor) (Policy, error) {
+	stmts, err := assemble(cstors)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return stmts, nil
+}
+
+func MustConstruct(cstors ...Constructor) Policy {
+	pol, err := Construct(cstors...)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	return pol
+}
+
+func (p Policy) String() string {
+	if len(p) == 0 {
+		return "[]"
+	}
+	childs := make([]string, len(p))
+	for i, statement := range p {
+		childs[i] = strings.ReplaceAll(statement.String(), "\n", "\n  ")
+	}
+	return fmt.Sprintf("[\n  %s\n]", strings.Join(childs, ",\n  "))
+}
+
 type Statement interface {
 	Kind() string
+	String() string
 }
 
 type equality struct {
 	kind     string
-	selector selector.Selector
+	selector selpkg.Selector
 	value    ipld.Node
 }
 
@@ -38,24 +72,47 @@ func (e equality) Kind() string {
 	return e.kind
 }
 
-func Equal(selector selector.Selector, value ipld.Node) Statement {
-	return equality{kind: KindEqual, selector: selector, value: value}
+func (e equality) String() string {
+	child, err := ipld.Encode(e.value, dagjson.Encode)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "ERROR: INVALID VALUE"
+	}
+	return fmt.Sprintf(`["%s", "%s", %s]`, e.kind, e.selector, strings.ReplaceAll(string(child), "\n", "\n  "))
 }
 
-func GreaterThan(selector selector.Selector, value ipld.Node) Statement {
-	return equality{kind: KindGreaterThan, selector: selector, value: value}
+func Equal(selector string, value ipld.Node) Constructor {
+	return func() (Statement, error) {
+		sel, err := selpkg.Parse(selector)
+		return equality{kind: KindEqual, selector: sel, value: value}, err
+	}
 }
 
-func GreaterThanOrEqual(selector selector.Selector, value ipld.Node) Statement {
-	return equality{kind: KindGreaterThanOrEqual, selector: selector, value: value}
+func GreaterThan(selector string, value ipld.Node) Constructor {
+	return func() (Statement, error) {
+		sel, err := selpkg.Parse(selector)
+		return equality{kind: KindGreaterThan, selector: sel, value: value}, err
+	}
 }
 
-func LessThan(selector selector.Selector, value ipld.Node) Statement {
-	return equality{kind: KindLessThan, selector: selector, value: value}
+func GreaterThanOrEqual(selector string, value ipld.Node) Constructor {
+	return func() (Statement, error) {
+		sel, err := selpkg.Parse(selector)
+		return equality{kind: KindGreaterThanOrEqual, selector: sel, value: value}, err
+	}
 }
 
-func LessThanOrEqual(selector selector.Selector, value ipld.Node) Statement {
-	return equality{kind: KindLessThanOrEqual, selector: selector, value: value}
+func LessThan(selector string, value ipld.Node) Constructor {
+	return func() (Statement, error) {
+		sel, err := selpkg.Parse(selector)
+		return equality{kind: KindLessThan, selector: sel, value: value}, err
+	}
+}
+
+func LessThanOrEqual(selector string, value ipld.Node) Constructor {
+	return func() (Statement, error) {
+		sel, err := selpkg.Parse(selector)
+		return equality{kind: KindLessThanOrEqual, selector: sel, value: value}, err
+	}
 }
 
 type negation struct {
@@ -66,8 +123,16 @@ func (n negation) Kind() string {
 	return KindNot
 }
 
-func Not(stmt Statement) Statement {
-	return negation{statement: stmt}
+func (n negation) String() string {
+	child := n.statement.String()
+	return fmt.Sprintf(`["%s", "%s"]`, n.Kind(), strings.ReplaceAll(child, "\n", "\n  "))
+}
+
+func Not(cstor Constructor) Constructor {
+	return func() (Statement, error) {
+		stmt, err := cstor()
+		return negation{statement: stmt}, err
+	}
 }
 
 type connective struct {
@@ -79,16 +144,36 @@ func (c connective) Kind() string {
 	return c.kind
 }
 
-func And(stmts ...Statement) Statement {
-	return connective{kind: KindAnd, statements: stmts}
+func (c connective) String() string {
+	childs := make([]string, len(c.statements))
+	for i, statement := range c.statements {
+		childs[i] = strings.ReplaceAll(statement.String(), "\n", "\n  ")
+	}
+	return fmt.Sprintf("[\"%s\", [\n  %s]]\n", c.kind, strings.Join(childs, ",\n  "))
 }
 
-func Or(stmts ...Statement) Statement {
-	return connective{kind: KindOr, statements: stmts}
+func And(cstors ...Constructor) Constructor {
+	return func() (Statement, error) {
+		stmts, err := assemble(cstors)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		return connective{kind: KindAnd, statements: stmts}, nil
+	}
+}
+
+func Or(cstors ...Constructor) Constructor {
+	return func() (Statement, error) {
+		stmts, err := assemble(cstors)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		return connective{kind: KindOr, statements: stmts}, nil
+	}
 }
 
 type wildcard struct {
-	selector selector.Selector
+	selector selpkg.Selector
 	pattern  glob
 }
 
@@ -96,18 +181,24 @@ func (n wildcard) Kind() string {
 	return KindLike
 }
 
-func Like(selector selector.Selector, pattern string) (Statement, error) {
-	g, err := parseGlob(pattern)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
+func (n wildcard) String() string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf(`["%s", "%s", "%s"]`, n.Kind(), n.selector, n.pattern)
+}
 
-	return wildcard{selector: selector, pattern: g}, nil
+func Like(selector string, pattern string) Constructor {
+	return func() (Statement, error) {
+		g, err := parseGlob(pattern)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		sel, err := selpkg.Parse(selector)
+		return wildcard{selector: sel, pattern: g}, err
+	}
 }
 
 type quantifier struct {
 	kind      string
-	selector  selector.Selector
+	selector  selpkg.Selector
 	statement Statement
 }
 
@@ -115,10 +206,41 @@ func (n quantifier) Kind() string {
 	return n.kind
 }
 
-func All(selector selector.Selector, statement Statement) Statement {
-	return quantifier{kind: KindAll, selector: selector, statement: statement}
+func (n quantifier) String() string {
+	child := n.statement.String()
+	return fmt.Sprintf("[\"%s\", \"%s\",\n  %s]", n.Kind(), n.selector, strings.ReplaceAll(child, "\n", "\n  "))
 }
 
-func Any(selector selector.Selector, statement Statement) Statement {
-	return quantifier{kind: KindAny, selector: selector, statement: statement}
+func All(selector string, cstor Constructor) Constructor {
+	return func() (Statement, error) {
+		stmt, err := cstor()
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		sel, err := selpkg.Parse(selector)
+		return quantifier{kind: KindAll, selector: sel, statement: stmt}, err
+	}
+}
+
+func Any(selector string, cstor Constructor) Constructor {
+	return func() (Statement, error) {
+		stmt, err := cstor()
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		sel, err := selpkg.Parse(selector)
+		return quantifier{kind: KindAny, selector: sel, statement: stmt}, err
+	}
+}
+
+func assemble(cstors []Constructor) ([]Statement, error) {
+	stmts := make([]Statement, 0, len(cstors))
+	for _, cstor := range cstors {
+		stmt, err := cstor()
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		stmts = append(stmts, stmt)
+	}
+	return stmts, nil
 }

pkg/policy/policy_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+package policy_test
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/pkg/policy"
+	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/pkg/policy/literal"
+)
+
+func ExamplePolicy() {
+	pol := policy.MustConstruct(
+		policy.Equal(".status", literal.String("draft")),
+		policy.All(".reviewer",
+			policy.Like(".email", "*@example.com"),
+		),
+		policy.Any(".tags", policy.Or(
+			policy.Equal(".", literal.String("news")),
+			policy.Equal(".", literal.String("press")),
+		)),
+	)
+
+	fmt.Println(pol)
+
+	// Output:
+	// [
+	//   ["==", ".status", "draft"],
+	//   ["all", ".reviewer",
+	//     ["like", ".email", "*@example.com"]],
+	//   ["any", ".tags",
+	//     ["or", [
+	//       ["==", ".", "news"],
+	//       ["==", ".", "press"]]]
+	//     ]
+	// ]
+}
+
+func TestConstruct(t *testing.T) {
+	pol, err := policy.Construct(
+		policy.Equal(".status", literal.String("draft")),
+		policy.All(".reviewer",
+			policy.Like(".email", "*@example.com"),
+		),
+	)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, pol)
+
+	// check if errors cascade correctly
+	pol, err = policy.Construct(
+		policy.Equal(".status", literal.String("draft")),
+		policy.All(".reviewer", policy.Or(
+			policy.Like(".email", "*@example.com"),
+			policy.Like(".", "\\"), // invalid pattern
+		)),
+	)
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	require.Nil(t, pol)
+}

pkg/policy/selector/parsing.go

@@ -2,10 +2,19 @@ package selector
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
+	"math"
+	"regexp"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 )
 
+var (
+	identity   = Selector{segment{str: ".", identity: true}}
+	indexRegex = regexp.MustCompile(`^-?\d+$`)
+	sliceRegex = regexp.MustCompile(`^((\-?\d+:\-?\d*)|(\-?\d*:\-?\d+))$`)
+	fieldRegex = regexp.MustCompile(`^\.[a-zA-Z_]*?$`)
+)
+
 func Parse(str string) (Selector, error) {
 	if len(str) == 0 {
 		return nil, newParseError("empty selector", str, 0, "")
@@ -13,6 +22,12 @@ func Parse(str string) (Selector, error) {
 	if string(str[0]) != "." {
 		return nil, newParseError("selector must start with identity segment '.'", str, 0, string(str[0]))
 	}
+	if str == "." {
+		return identity, nil
+	}
+	if str == ".?" {
+		return Selector{segment{str: ".?", identity: true, optional: true}}, nil
+	}
 
 	col := 0
 	var sel Selector
@@ -20,56 +35,70 @@ func Parse(str string) (Selector, error) {
 		seg := tok
 		opt := strings.HasSuffix(tok, "?")
 		if opt {
-			seg = tok[0 : len(tok)-1]
+			seg = strings.TrimRight(tok, "?")
 		}
-		switch seg {
-		case ".":
+		switch {
+		case seg == ".":
 			if len(sel) > 0 && sel[len(sel)-1].Identity() {
 				return nil, newParseError("selector contains unsupported recursive descent segment: '..'", str, col, tok)
 			}
-			sel = append(sel, Identity)
-		case "[]":
-			sel = append(sel, segment{tok, false, opt, true, nil, "", 0})
-		default:
-			if strings.HasPrefix(seg, "[") && strings.HasSuffix(seg, "]") {
-				lookup := seg[1 : len(seg)-1]
+			sel = append(sel, segment{str: ".", identity: true})
 
-				if indexRegex.MatchString(lookup) { // index
-					idx, err := strconv.Atoi(lookup)
-					if err != nil {
-						return nil, newParseError("invalid index", str, col, tok)
-					}
-					sel = append(sel, segment{str: tok, optional: opt, index: idx})
-				} else if strings.HasPrefix(lookup, "\"") && strings.HasSuffix(lookup, "\"") { // explicit field
-					sel = append(sel, segment{str: tok, optional: opt, field: lookup[1 : len(lookup)-1]})
-				} else if sliceRegex.MatchString(lookup) { // slice [3:5] or [:5] or [3:]
-					var rng []int
-					splt := strings.Split(lookup, ":")
-					if splt[0] == "" {
-						rng = append(rng, 0)
-					} else {
-						i, err := strconv.Atoi(splt[0])
-						if err != nil {
-							return nil, newParseError("invalid slice index", str, col, tok)
-						}
-						rng = append(rng, i)
-					}
-					if splt[1] != "" {
-						i, err := strconv.Atoi(splt[1])
-						if err != nil {
-							return nil, newParseError("invalid slice index", str, col, tok)
-						}
-						rng = append(rng, i)
-					}
-					sel = append(sel, segment{str: tok, optional: opt, slice: rng})
-				} else {
+		case seg == "[]":
+			sel = append(sel, segment{str: tok, optional: opt, iterator: true})
+
+		case strings.HasPrefix(seg, "[") && strings.HasSuffix(seg, "]"):
+			lookup := seg[1 : len(seg)-1]
+
+			switch {
+			// index, [123]
+			case indexRegex.MatchString(lookup):
+				idx, err := strconv.Atoi(lookup)
+				if err != nil {
+					return nil, newParseError("invalid index", str, col, tok)
+				}
+				sel = append(sel, segment{str: tok, optional: opt, index: idx})
+
+			// explicit field, ["abcd"]
+			case strings.HasPrefix(lookup, "\"") && strings.HasSuffix(lookup, "\""):
+				fieldName := lookup[1 : len(lookup)-1]
+				if strings.Contains(fieldName, ":") {
 					return nil, newParseError(fmt.Sprintf("invalid segment: %s", seg), str, col, tok)
 				}
-			} else if fieldRegex.MatchString(seg) {
-				sel = append(sel, segment{str: tok, optional: opt, field: seg[1:]})
-			} else {
+				sel = append(sel, segment{str: tok, optional: opt, field: fieldName})
+
+			// slice [3:5] or [:5] or [3:], also negative numbers
+			case sliceRegex.MatchString(lookup):
+				var rng [2]int64
+				splt := strings.Split(lookup, ":")
+				if splt[0] == "" {
+					rng[0] = math.MinInt
+				} else {
+					i, err := strconv.ParseInt(splt[0], 10, 0)
+					if err != nil {
+						return nil, newParseError("invalid slice index", str, col, tok)
+					}
+					rng[0] = i
+				}
+				if splt[1] == "" {
+					rng[1] = math.MaxInt
+				} else {
+					i, err := strconv.ParseInt(splt[1], 10, 0)
+					if err != nil {
+						return nil, newParseError("invalid slice index", str, col, tok)
+					}
+					rng[1] = i
+				}
+				sel = append(sel, segment{str: tok, optional: opt, slice: rng[:]})
+
+			default:
 				return nil, newParseError(fmt.Sprintf("invalid segment: %s", seg), str, col, tok)
 			}
+
+		case fieldRegex.MatchString(seg):
+			sel = append(sel, segment{str: tok, optional: opt, field: seg[1:]})
+		default:
+			return nil, newParseError(fmt.Sprintf("invalid segment: %s", seg), str, col, tok)
 		}
 		col += len(tok)
 	}

pkg/policy/selector/parsing_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,562 @@
+package selector
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"math"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestParse(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("identity", func(t *testing.T) {
+		sel, err := Parse(".")
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, 1, len(sel))
+		require.True(t, sel[0].Identity())
+		require.False(t, sel[0].Optional())
+		require.False(t, sel[0].Iterator())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Slice())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Field())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Index())
+	})
+
+	t.Run("dotted field name", func(t *testing.T) {
+		sel, err := Parse(".foo")
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, 1, len(sel))
+		require.False(t, sel[0].Identity())
+		require.False(t, sel[0].Optional())
+		require.False(t, sel[0].Iterator())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Slice())
+		require.Equal(t, sel[0].Field(), "foo")
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Index())
+	})
+
+	t.Run("explicit field", func(t *testing.T) {
+		sel, err := Parse(`.["foo"]`)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, 2, len(sel))
+		require.True(t, sel[0].Identity())
+		require.False(t, sel[0].Optional())
+		require.False(t, sel[0].Iterator())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Slice())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Field())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Index())
+		require.False(t, sel[1].Identity())
+		require.False(t, sel[1].Optional())
+		require.False(t, sel[1].Iterator())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Slice())
+		require.Equal(t, sel[1].Field(), "foo")
+		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Index())
+	})
+
+	t.Run("iterator, collection value", func(t *testing.T) {
+		sel, err := Parse(".[]")
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, 2, len(sel))
+		require.True(t, sel[0].Identity())
+		require.False(t, sel[0].Optional())
+		require.False(t, sel[0].Iterator())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Slice())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Field())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Index())
+		require.False(t, sel[1].Identity())
+		require.False(t, sel[1].Optional())
+		require.True(t, sel[1].Iterator())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Slice())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Field())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Index())
+	})
+
+	t.Run("index", func(t *testing.T) {
+		sel, err := Parse(".[138]")
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, 2, len(sel))
+		require.True(t, sel[0].Identity())
+		require.False(t, sel[0].Optional())
+		require.False(t, sel[0].Iterator())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Slice())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Field())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Index())
+		require.False(t, sel[1].Identity())
+		require.False(t, sel[1].Optional())
+		require.False(t, sel[1].Iterator())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Slice())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Field())
+		require.Equal(t, sel[1].Index(), 138)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("negative index", func(t *testing.T) {
+		sel, err := Parse(".[-138]")
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, 2, len(sel))
+		require.True(t, sel[0].Identity())
+		require.False(t, sel[0].Optional())
+		require.False(t, sel[0].Iterator())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Slice())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Field())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Index())
+		require.False(t, sel[1].Identity())
+		require.False(t, sel[1].Optional())
+		require.False(t, sel[1].Iterator())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Slice())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Field())
+		require.Equal(t, sel[1].Index(), -138)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("List slice", func(t *testing.T) {
+		sel, err := Parse(".[7:11]")
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, 2, len(sel))
+		require.True(t, sel[0].Identity())
+		require.False(t, sel[0].Optional())
+		require.False(t, sel[0].Iterator())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Slice())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Field())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Index())
+		require.False(t, sel[1].Identity())
+		require.False(t, sel[1].Optional())
+		require.False(t, sel[1].Iterator())
+		require.Equal(t, sel[1].Slice(), []int64{7, 11})
+		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Field())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Index())
+
+		sel, err = Parse(".[2:]")
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, 2, len(sel))
+		require.True(t, sel[0].Identity())
+		require.False(t, sel[0].Optional())
+		require.False(t, sel[0].Iterator())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Slice())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Field())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Index())
+		require.False(t, sel[1].Identity())
+		require.False(t, sel[1].Optional())
+		require.False(t, sel[1].Iterator())
+		require.Equal(t, sel[1].Slice(), []int64{2, math.MaxInt})
+		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Field())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Index())
+
+		sel, err = Parse(".[:42]")
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, 2, len(sel))
+		require.True(t, sel[0].Identity())
+		require.False(t, sel[0].Optional())
+		require.False(t, sel[0].Iterator())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Slice())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Field())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Index())
+		require.False(t, sel[1].Identity())
+		require.False(t, sel[1].Optional())
+		require.False(t, sel[1].Iterator())
+		require.Equal(t, sel[1].Slice(), []int64{math.MinInt, 42})
+		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Field())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Index())
+
+		sel, err = Parse(".[0:-2]")
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, 2, len(sel))
+		require.True(t, sel[0].Identity())
+		require.False(t, sel[0].Optional())
+		require.False(t, sel[0].Iterator())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Slice())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Field())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Index())
+		require.False(t, sel[1].Identity())
+		require.False(t, sel[1].Optional())
+		require.False(t, sel[1].Iterator())
+		require.Equal(t, sel[1].Slice(), []int64{0, -2})
+		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Field())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Index())
+	})
+
+	t.Run("optional identity", func(t *testing.T) {
+		sel, err := Parse(".?")
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, 1, len(sel))
+		require.True(t, sel[0].Identity())
+		require.True(t, sel[0].Optional())
+		require.False(t, sel[0].Iterator())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Slice())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Field())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Index())
+	})
+
+	t.Run("optional dotted field name", func(t *testing.T) {
+		sel, err := Parse(".foo?")
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, 1, len(sel))
+		require.False(t, sel[0].Identity())
+		require.True(t, sel[0].Optional())
+		require.False(t, sel[0].Iterator())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Slice())
+		require.Equal(t, sel[0].Field(), "foo")
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Index())
+	})
+
+	t.Run("optional explicit field", func(t *testing.T) {
+		sel, err := Parse(`.["foo"]?`)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, 2, len(sel))
+		require.True(t, sel[0].Identity())
+		require.False(t, sel[0].Optional())
+		require.False(t, sel[0].Iterator())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Slice())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Field())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Index())
+		require.False(t, sel[1].Identity())
+		require.True(t, sel[1].Optional())
+		require.False(t, sel[1].Iterator())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Slice())
+		require.Equal(t, sel[1].Field(), "foo")
+		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Index())
+	})
+
+	t.Run("optional iterator", func(t *testing.T) {
+		sel, err := Parse(".[]?")
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, 2, len(sel))
+		require.True(t, sel[0].Identity())
+		require.False(t, sel[0].Optional())
+		require.False(t, sel[0].Iterator())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Slice())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Field())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Index())
+		require.False(t, sel[1].Identity())
+		require.True(t, sel[1].Optional())
+		require.True(t, sel[1].Iterator())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Slice())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Field())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Index())
+	})
+
+	t.Run("optional index", func(t *testing.T) {
+		sel, err := Parse(".[138]?")
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, 2, len(sel))
+		require.True(t, sel[0].Identity())
+		require.False(t, sel[0].Optional())
+		require.False(t, sel[0].Iterator())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Slice())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Field())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Index())
+		require.False(t, sel[1].Identity())
+		require.True(t, sel[1].Optional())
+		require.False(t, sel[1].Iterator())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Slice())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Field())
+		require.Equal(t, sel[1].Index(), 138)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("optional negative index", func(t *testing.T) {
+		sel, err := Parse(".[-138]?")
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, 2, len(sel))
+		require.True(t, sel[0].Identity())
+		require.False(t, sel[0].Optional())
+		require.False(t, sel[0].Iterator())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Slice())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Field())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Index())
+		require.False(t, sel[1].Identity())
+		require.True(t, sel[1].Optional())
+		require.False(t, sel[1].Iterator())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Slice())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Field())
+		require.Equal(t, sel[1].Index(), -138)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("optional list slice", func(t *testing.T) {
+		sel, err := Parse(".[7:11]?")
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, 2, len(sel))
+		require.True(t, sel[0].Identity())
+		require.False(t, sel[0].Optional())
+		require.False(t, sel[0].Iterator())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Slice())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Field())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Index())
+		require.False(t, sel[1].Identity())
+		require.True(t, sel[1].Optional())
+		require.False(t, sel[1].Iterator())
+		require.Equal(t, sel[1].Slice(), []int64{7, 11})
+		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Field())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Index())
+
+		sel, err = Parse(".[2:]?")
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, 2, len(sel))
+		require.True(t, sel[0].Identity())
+		require.False(t, sel[0].Optional())
+		require.False(t, sel[0].Iterator())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Slice())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Field())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Index())
+		require.False(t, sel[1].Identity())
+		require.True(t, sel[1].Optional())
+		require.False(t, sel[1].Iterator())
+		require.Equal(t, sel[1].Slice(), []int64{2, math.MaxInt})
+		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Field())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Index())
+
+		sel, err = Parse(".[:42]?")
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, 2, len(sel))
+		require.True(t, sel[0].Identity())
+		require.False(t, sel[0].Optional())
+		require.False(t, sel[0].Iterator())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Slice())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Field())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Index())
+		require.False(t, sel[1].Identity())
+		require.True(t, sel[1].Optional())
+		require.False(t, sel[1].Iterator())
+		require.Equal(t, sel[1].Slice(), []int64{math.MinInt, 42})
+		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Field())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Index())
+
+		sel, err = Parse(".[0:-2]?")
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, 2, len(sel))
+		require.True(t, sel[0].Identity())
+		require.False(t, sel[0].Optional())
+		require.False(t, sel[0].Iterator())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Slice())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Field())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Index())
+		require.False(t, sel[1].Identity())
+		require.True(t, sel[1].Optional())
+		require.False(t, sel[1].Iterator())
+		require.Equal(t, sel[1].Slice(), []int64{0, -2})
+		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Field())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Index())
+	})
+
+	t.Run("idempotent optional", func(t *testing.T) {
+		sel, err := Parse(".foo???")
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, 1, len(sel))
+		require.False(t, sel[0].Identity())
+		require.True(t, sel[0].Optional())
+		require.False(t, sel[0].Iterator())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Slice())
+		require.Equal(t, sel[0].Field(), "foo")
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Index())
+	})
+
+	t.Run("deny multi dot", func(t *testing.T) {
+		_, err := Parse("..")
+		require.Error(t, err)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("nesting", func(t *testing.T) {
+		str := `.foo.["bar"].[138]?.baz[1:]`
+		sel, err := Parse(str)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		printSegments(sel)
+		require.Equal(t, str, sel.String())
+		require.Equal(t, 7, len(sel))
+		require.False(t, sel[0].Identity())
+		require.False(t, sel[0].Optional())
+		require.False(t, sel[0].Iterator())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Slice())
+		require.Equal(t, sel[0].Field(), "foo")
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Index())
+		require.True(t, sel[1].Identity())
+		require.False(t, sel[1].Optional())
+		require.False(t, sel[1].Iterator())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Slice())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Field())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Index())
+		require.False(t, sel[2].Identity())
+		require.False(t, sel[2].Optional())
+		require.False(t, sel[2].Iterator())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[2].Slice())
+		require.Equal(t, sel[2].Field(), "bar")
+		require.Empty(t, sel[2].Index())
+		require.True(t, sel[3].Identity())
+		require.False(t, sel[3].Optional())
+		require.False(t, sel[3].Iterator())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[3].Slice())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[3].Field())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[3].Index())
+		require.False(t, sel[4].Identity())
+		require.True(t, sel[4].Optional())
+		require.False(t, sel[4].Iterator())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[4].Slice())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[4].Field())
+		require.Equal(t, sel[4].Index(), 138)
+		require.False(t, sel[5].Identity())
+		require.False(t, sel[5].Optional())
+		require.False(t, sel[5].Iterator())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[5].Slice())
+		require.Equal(t, sel[5].Field(), "baz")
+		require.Empty(t, sel[5].Index())
+		require.False(t, sel[6].Identity())
+		require.False(t, sel[6].Optional())
+		require.False(t, sel[6].Iterator())
+		require.Equal(t, sel[6].Slice(), []int64{1, math.MaxInt})
+		require.Empty(t, sel[6].Field())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[6].Index())
+	})
+
+	t.Run("non dotted", func(t *testing.T) {
+		_, err := Parse("foo")
+		require.NotNil(t, err)
+		fmt.Println(err)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("non quoted", func(t *testing.T) {
+		_, err := Parse(".[foo]")
+		require.NotNil(t, err)
+		fmt.Println(err)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("slice with negative start and positive end", func(t *testing.T) {
+		sel, err := Parse(".[0:-2]")
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, 2, len(sel))
+		require.True(t, sel[0].Identity())
+		require.False(t, sel[0].Optional())
+		require.False(t, sel[0].Iterator())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Slice())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Field())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Index())
+		require.False(t, sel[1].Identity())
+		require.False(t, sel[1].Optional())
+		require.False(t, sel[1].Iterator())
+		require.Equal(t, sel[1].Slice(), []int64{0, -2})
+		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Field())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Index())
+	})
+
+	t.Run("slice with start greater than end", func(t *testing.T) {
+		sel, err := Parse(".[5:2]")
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, 2, len(sel))
+		require.True(t, sel[0].Identity())
+		require.False(t, sel[0].Optional())
+		require.False(t, sel[0].Iterator())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Slice())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Field())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Index())
+		require.False(t, sel[1].Identity())
+		require.False(t, sel[1].Optional())
+		require.False(t, sel[1].Iterator())
+		require.Equal(t, sel[1].Slice(), []int64{5, 2})
+		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Field())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Index())
+	})
+
+	t.Run("slice on string", func(t *testing.T) {
+		sel, err := Parse(`.["foo"].[1:3]`)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, 4, len(sel))
+		require.True(t, sel[0].Identity())
+		require.False(t, sel[0].Optional())
+		require.False(t, sel[0].Iterator())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Slice())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Field())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Index())
+		require.False(t, sel[1].Identity())
+		require.False(t, sel[1].Optional())
+		require.False(t, sel[1].Iterator())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Slice())
+		require.Equal(t, sel[1].Field(), "foo")
+		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Index())
+		require.True(t, sel[2].Identity())
+		require.False(t, sel[2].Optional())
+		require.False(t, sel[2].Iterator())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[2].Slice())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[2].Field())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[2].Index())
+		require.False(t, sel[3].Identity())
+		require.False(t, sel[3].Optional())
+		require.False(t, sel[3].Iterator())
+		require.Equal(t, sel[3].Slice(), []int64{1, 3})
+		require.Empty(t, sel[3].Field())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[3].Index())
+	})
+
+	t.Run("slice on array", func(t *testing.T) {
+		sel, err := Parse(`.[1:3]`)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, 2, len(sel))
+		require.True(t, sel[0].Identity())
+		require.False(t, sel[0].Optional())
+		require.False(t, sel[0].Iterator())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Slice())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Field())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Index())
+		require.False(t, sel[1].Identity())
+		require.False(t, sel[1].Optional())
+		require.False(t, sel[1].Iterator())
+		require.Equal(t, sel[1].Slice(), []int64{1, 3})
+		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Field())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Index())
+	})
+
+	t.Run("index on array", func(t *testing.T) {
+		sel, err := Parse(`.[1]`)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, 2, len(sel))
+		require.True(t, sel[0].Identity())
+		require.False(t, sel[0].Optional())
+		require.False(t, sel[0].Iterator())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Slice())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Field())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Index())
+		require.False(t, sel[1].Identity())
+		require.False(t, sel[1].Optional())
+		require.False(t, sel[1].Iterator())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Slice())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Field())
+		require.Equal(t, sel[1].Index(), 1)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("invalid slice on object", func(t *testing.T) {
+		_, err := Parse(`.["foo":"bar"]`)
+		require.Error(t, err)
+		require.Contains(t, err.Error(), "invalid segment")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("index on object", func(t *testing.T) {
+		sel, err := Parse(`.["foo"]`)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, 2, len(sel))
+		require.True(t, sel[0].Identity())
+		require.False(t, sel[0].Optional())
+		require.False(t, sel[0].Iterator())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Slice())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Field())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Index())
+		require.False(t, sel[1].Identity())
+		require.False(t, sel[1].Optional())
+		require.False(t, sel[1].Iterator())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Slice())
+		require.Equal(t, sel[1].Field(), "foo")
+		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Index())
+	})
+
+	t.Run("slice with non-integer start", func(t *testing.T) {
+		_, err := Parse(".[foo:3]")
+		require.Error(t, err)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("slice with non-integer end", func(t *testing.T) {
+		_, err := Parse(".[1:bar]")
+		require.Error(t, err)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("index with non-integer", func(t *testing.T) {
+		_, err := Parse(".[foo]")
+		require.Error(t, err)
+	})
+}
+
+func printSegments(s Selector) {
+	for i, seg := range s {
+		fmt.Printf("%d: %s\n", i, seg.String())
+	}
+}

pkg/policy/selector/selector.go

@@ -2,19 +2,29 @@ package selector
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
-	"regexp"
+	"math"
+	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime"
 	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/datamodel"
+	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/fluent/qp"
 	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/node/basicnode"
-	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/schema"
 )
 
 // Selector describes a UCAN policy selector, as specified here:
 // https://github.com/ucan-wg/delegation/blob/4094d5878b58f5d35055a3b93fccda0b8329ebae/README.md#selectors
 type Selector []segment
 
+// Select perform the selection described by the selector on the input IPLD DAG.
+// Select can return:
+//   - exactly one matched IPLD node
+//   - a resolutionerr error if not being able to resolve to a node
+//   - nil and no errors, if the selector couldn't match on an optional segment (with ?).
+func (s Selector) Select(subject ipld.Node) (ipld.Node, error) {
+	return resolve(s, subject, nil)
+}
+
 func (s Selector) String() string {
 	var res strings.Builder
 	for _, seg := range s {
@@ -23,20 +33,12 @@ func (s Selector) String() string {
 	return res.String()
 }
 
-var Identity = segment{".", true, false, false, nil, "", 0}
-
-var (
-	indexRegex = regexp.MustCompile(`^-?\d+$`)
-	sliceRegex = regexp.MustCompile(`^((\-?\d+:\-?\d*)|(\-?\d*:\-?\d+))$`)
-	fieldRegex = regexp.MustCompile(`^\.[a-zA-Z_]*?$`)
-)
-
 type segment struct {
 	str      string
 	identity bool
 	optional bool
 	iterator bool
-	slice    []int
+	slice    []int64 // either 0-length or 2-length
 	field    string
 	index    int
 }
@@ -62,7 +64,7 @@ func (s segment) Iterator() bool {
 }
 
 // Slice flags that this segment targets a range of a slice.
-func (s segment) Slice() []int {
+func (s segment) Slice() []int64 {
 	return s.slice
 }
 
@@ -76,308 +78,168 @@ func (s segment) Index() int {
 	return s.index
 }
 
-// Select uses a selector to extract an IPLD node or set of nodes from the
-// passed subject node.
-func Select(sel Selector, subject ipld.Node) (ipld.Node, []ipld.Node, error) {
-	return resolve(sel, subject, nil)
-}
-
-func resolve(sel Selector, subject ipld.Node, at []string) (ipld.Node, []ipld.Node, error) {
-	cur := subject
-	for i, seg := range sel {
-		if seg.Identity() {
-			continue
+func resolve(sel Selector, subject ipld.Node, at []string) (ipld.Node, error) {
+	errIfNotOptional := func(s segment, err error) error {
+		if !s.Optional() {
+			return err
 		}
+		return nil
+	}
 
+	cur := subject
+	for _, seg := range sel {
 		// 1st level: handle the different segment types (iterator, field, slice, index)
 		// 2nd level: handle different node kinds (list, map, string, bytes)
 		switch {
+		case seg.Identity():
+			continue
+
 		case seg.Iterator():
-			if cur == nil || cur.Kind() == datamodel.Kind_Null {
+			switch {
+			case cur == nil || cur.Kind() == datamodel.Kind_Null:
 				if seg.Optional() {
-					// build empty list
-					nb := basicnode.Prototype.List.NewBuilder()
-					assembler, err := nb.BeginList(0)
-					if err != nil {
-						return nil, nil, err
-					}
-
-					if err = assembler.Finish(); err != nil {
-						return nil, nil, err
-					}
-
-					return nb.Build(), nil, nil
-				} else {
-					return nil, nil, newResolutionError(fmt.Sprintf("can not iterate over kind: %s", kindString(cur)), at)
+					// build an empty list
+					n, _ := qp.BuildList(basicnode.Prototype.Any, 0, func(_ datamodel.ListAssembler) {})
+					return n, nil
 				}
-			} else {
-				var many []ipld.Node
-				switch cur.Kind() {
-				case datamodel.Kind_List:
-					it := cur.ListIterator()
-					for !it.Done() {
-						_, v, err := it.Next()
-						if err != nil {
-							return nil, nil, err
-						}
+				return nil, newResolutionError(fmt.Sprintf("can not iterate over kind: %s", kindString(cur)), at)
 
-						// check if there are more iterator segments
-						if len(sel) > i+1 && sel[i+1].Iterator() {
-							if v.Kind() == datamodel.Kind_List {
-								// recursively resolve the remaining selector segments
-								var o ipld.Node
-								var m []ipld.Node
-								o, m, err = resolve(sel[i+1:], v, at)
-								if err != nil {
-									// if the segment is optional and an error occurs, skip the current iteration.
-									if seg.Optional() {
-										continue
-									} else {
-										return nil, nil, err
-									}
-								}
-								if m != nil {
-									many = append(many, m...)
-								} else if o != nil {
-									many = append(many, o)
-								}
-							} else {
-								// if the current value is not a list and the next segment is optional, skip the current iteration
-								if sel[i+1].Optional() {
-									continue
-								} else {
-									return nil, nil, newResolutionError(fmt.Sprintf("can not iterate over kind: %s", kindString(v)), at)
-								}
-							}
-						} else {
-							// if there are no more iterator segments, append the current value to the result
-							many = append(many, v)
-						}
-					}
-				case datamodel.Kind_Map:
+			case cur.Kind() == datamodel.Kind_List:
+				// iterators are no-op on list
+				continue
+
+			case cur.Kind() == datamodel.Kind_Map:
+				// iterators on maps collect the values
+				nd, err := qp.BuildList(basicnode.Prototype.Any, cur.Length(), func(l datamodel.ListAssembler) {
 					it := cur.MapIterator()
 					for !it.Done() {
 						_, v, err := it.Next()
 						if err != nil {
-							return nil, nil, err
-						}
-
-						if len(sel) > i+1 && sel[i+1].Iterator() {
-							if v.Kind() == datamodel.Kind_List {
-								var o ipld.Node
-								var m []ipld.Node
-								o, m, err = resolve(sel[i+1:], v, at)
-								if err != nil {
-									if seg.Optional() {
-										continue
-									} else {
-										return nil, nil, err
-									}
-								}
-								if m != nil {
-									many = append(many, m...)
-								} else if o != nil {
-									many = append(many, o)
-								}
-							} else {
-								if sel[i+1].Optional() {
-									continue
-								} else {
-									return nil, nil, newResolutionError(fmt.Sprintf("can not iterate over kind: %s", kindString(v)), at)
-								}
-							}
-						} else {
-							many = append(many, v)
+							// recovered by BuildList
+							// Error is bubbled up, but should never occur as we already checked the type,
+							// and are using the iterator correctly.
+							// This is verified with fuzzing.
+							panic(err)
 						}
+						qp.ListEntry(l, qp.Node(v))
 					}
-				default:
-					return nil, nil, newResolutionError(fmt.Sprintf("can not iterate over kind: %s", kindString(cur)), at)
+				})
+				if err != nil {
+					panic("should never happen")
 				}
+				return nd, nil
 
-				return nil, many, nil
+			default:
+				return nil, newResolutionError(fmt.Sprintf("can not iterate over kind: %s", kindString(cur)), at)
 			}
 
 		case seg.Field() != "":
 			at = append(at, seg.Field())
-			if cur == nil {
-				if seg.Optional() {
-					cur = nil
-				} else {
-					return nil, nil, newResolutionError(fmt.Sprintf("can not access field: %s on kind: %s", seg.Field(), kindString(cur)), at)
-				}
-			} else {
-				switch cur.Kind() {
-				case datamodel.Kind_Map:
-					n, err := cur.LookupByString(seg.Field())
-					if err != nil {
-						if isMissing(err) {
-							if seg.Optional() {
-								cur = nil
-							} else {
-								return nil, nil, newResolutionError(fmt.Sprintf("object has no field named: %s", seg.Field()), at)
-							}
-						} else {
-							return nil, nil, err
-						}
+			switch {
+			case cur == nil:
+				err := newResolutionError(fmt.Sprintf("can not access field: %s on kind: %s", seg.Field(), kindString(cur)), at)
+				return nil, errIfNotOptional(seg, err)
+
+			case cur.Kind() == datamodel.Kind_Map:
+				n, err := cur.LookupByString(seg.Field())
+				if err != nil {
+					// the only possible error is missing field as we already check the type
+					if seg.Optional() {
+						cur = nil
 					} else {
-						cur = n
+						return nil, newResolutionError(fmt.Sprintf("object has no field named: %s", seg.Field()), at)
 					}
-				case datamodel.Kind_List:
-					var many []ipld.Node
-					it := cur.ListIterator()
-					for !it.Done() {
-						_, v, err := it.Next()
+				} else {
+					cur = n
+				}
+
+			default:
+				err := newResolutionError(fmt.Sprintf("can not access field: %s on kind: %s", seg.Field(), kindString(cur)), at)
+				return nil, errIfNotOptional(seg, err)
+			}
+
+		case len(seg.Slice()) > 0:
+			if cur == nil {
+				err := newResolutionError(fmt.Sprintf("can not slice on kind: %s", kindString(cur)), at)
+				return nil, errIfNotOptional(seg, err)
+			}
+
+			slice := seg.Slice()
+
+			switch cur.Kind() {
+			case datamodel.Kind_List:
+				start, end := resolveSliceIndices(slice, cur.Length())
+				sliced, err := qp.BuildList(basicnode.Prototype.Any, end-start, func(l datamodel.ListAssembler) {
+					for i := start; i < end; i++ {
+						item, err := cur.LookupByIndex(i)
 						if err != nil {
-							return nil, nil, err
-						}
-						if v.Kind() == datamodel.Kind_Map {
-							n, err := v.LookupByString(seg.Field())
-							if err == nil {
-								many = append(many, n)
-							}
+							// recovered by BuildList
+							// Error is bubbled up, but should never occur as we already checked the type and boundaries
+							// This is verified with fuzzing.
+							panic(err)
 						}
+						qp.ListEntry(l, qp.Node(item))
 					}
-					if len(many) > 0 {
-						cur = nil
-						return nil, many, nil
-					} else if seg.Optional() {
-						cur = nil
-					} else {
-						return nil, nil, newResolutionError(fmt.Sprintf("no elements in list have field named: %s", seg.Field()), at)
-					}
-				default:
-					if seg.Optional() {
-						cur = nil
-					} else {
-						return nil, nil, newResolutionError(fmt.Sprintf("can not access field: %s on kind: %s", seg.Field(), kindString(cur)), at)
-					}
+				})
+				if err != nil {
+					panic("should never happen")
 				}
+				cur = sliced
+
+			case datamodel.Kind_Bytes:
+				b, _ := cur.AsBytes()
+				start, end := resolveSliceIndices(slice, int64(len(b)))
+				cur = basicnode.NewBytes(b[start:end])
+
+			case datamodel.Kind_String:
+				str, _ := cur.AsString()
+				runes := []rune(str)
+				start, end := resolveSliceIndices(slice, int64(len(runes)))
+				cur = basicnode.NewString(string(runes[start:end]))
+
+			default:
+				return nil, newResolutionError(fmt.Sprintf("can not slice on kind: %s", kindString(cur)), at)
 			}
 
-		case seg.Slice() != nil:
-			if cur == nil {
-				if seg.Optional() {
-					cur = nil
-				} else {
-					return nil, nil, newResolutionError(fmt.Sprintf("can not slice on kind: %s", kindString(cur)), at)
-				}
-			} else {
-				slice := seg.Slice()
-				var start, end, length int64
-				switch cur.Kind() {
-				case datamodel.Kind_List:
-					length = cur.Length()
-					start, end = resolveSliceIndices(slice, length)
-				case datamodel.Kind_Bytes:
-					b, _ := cur.AsBytes()
-					length = int64(len(b))
-					start, end = resolveSliceIndices(slice, length)
-				case datamodel.Kind_String:
-					str, _ := cur.AsString()
-					length = int64(len(str))
-					start, end = resolveSliceIndices(slice, length)
-				default:
-					return nil, nil, newResolutionError(fmt.Sprintf("can not slice on kind: %s", kindString(cur)), at)
-				}
+		default: // Index()
+			at = append(at, strconv.Itoa(seg.Index()))
 
-				if start < 0 || end < start || end > length {
-					if seg.Optional() {
-						cur = nil
-					} else {
-						return nil, nil, newResolutionError(fmt.Sprintf("slice out of bounds: [%d:%d]", start, end), at)
-					}
-				} else {
-					switch cur.Kind() {
-					case datamodel.Kind_List:
-						if end > cur.Length() {
-							end = cur.Length()
-						}
-						nb := basicnode.Prototype.List.NewBuilder()
-						assembler, _ := nb.BeginList(int64(end - start))
-						for i := start; i < end; i++ {
-							item, _ := cur.LookupByIndex(int64(i))
-							assembler.AssembleValue().AssignNode(item)
-						}
-						assembler.Finish()
-						cur = nb.Build()
-					case datamodel.Kind_Bytes:
-						b, _ := cur.AsBytes()
-						l := int64(len(b))
-						if end > l {
-							end = l
-						}
-						cur = basicnode.NewBytes(b[start:end])
-					case datamodel.Kind_String:
-						str, _ := cur.AsString()
-						l := int64(len(str))
-						if end > l {
-							end = l
-						}
-						cur = basicnode.NewString(str[start:end])
-					}
-				}
+			if cur == nil {
+				err := newResolutionError(fmt.Sprintf("can not access index: %d on kind: %s", seg.Index(), kindString(cur)), at)
+				return nil, errIfNotOptional(seg, err)
 			}
 
-		default:
-			at = append(at, fmt.Sprintf("%d", seg.Index()))
-			if cur == nil {
-				if seg.Optional() {
-					cur = nil
-				} else {
-					return nil, nil, newResolutionError(fmt.Sprintf("can not access index: %d on kind: %s", seg.Index(), kindString(cur)), at)
+			idx := seg.Index()
+			switch cur.Kind() {
+			case datamodel.Kind_List:
+				if idx < 0 {
+					idx = int(cur.Length()) + idx
 				}
-			} else {
-				idx := seg.Index()
-				switch cur.Kind() {
-				case datamodel.Kind_List:
-					if idx < 0 {
-						idx = int(cur.Length()) + idx
-					}
-					if idx < 0 || idx >= int(cur.Length()) {
-						if seg.Optional() {
-							cur = nil
-						} else {
-							return nil, nil, newResolutionError(fmt.Sprintf("index out of bounds: %d", seg.Index()), at)
-						}
-					} else {
-						cur, _ = cur.LookupByIndex(int64(idx))
-					}
-				case datamodel.Kind_String:
-					str, _ := cur.AsString()
-					if idx < 0 {
-						idx = len(str) + idx
-					}
-					if idx < 0 || idx >= len(str) {
-						if seg.Optional() {
-							cur = nil
-						} else {
-							return nil, nil, newResolutionError(fmt.Sprintf("index out of bounds: %d", seg.Index()), at)
-						}
-					} else {
-						cur = basicnode.NewString(string(str[idx]))
-					}
-				case datamodel.Kind_Bytes:
-					b, _ := cur.AsBytes()
-					if idx < 0 {
-						idx = len(b) + idx
-					}
-					if idx < 0 || idx >= len(b) {
-						if seg.Optional() {
-							cur = nil
-						} else {
-							return nil, nil, newResolutionError(fmt.Sprintf("index out of bounds: %d", seg.Index()), at)
-						}
-					} else {
-						cur = basicnode.NewInt(int64(b[idx]))
-					}
-				default:
-					return nil, nil, newResolutionError(fmt.Sprintf("can not access index: %d on kind: %s", seg.Index(), kindString(cur)), at)
+				if idx < 0 || idx >= int(cur.Length()) {
+					err := newResolutionError(fmt.Sprintf("index out of bounds: %d", seg.Index()), at)
+					return nil, errIfNotOptional(seg, err)
 				}
+				cur, _ = cur.LookupByIndex(int64(idx))
+
+			case datamodel.Kind_Bytes:
+				b, _ := cur.AsBytes()
+				if idx < 0 {
+					idx = len(b) + idx
+				}
+				if idx < 0 || idx >= len(b) {
+					err := newResolutionError(fmt.Sprintf("index %d out of bounds for bytes of length %d", seg.Index(), len(b)), at)
+					return nil, errIfNotOptional(seg, err)
+				}
+				cur = basicnode.NewInt(int64(b[idx]))
+
+			default:
+				return nil, newResolutionError(fmt.Sprintf("can not access index: %d on kind: %s", seg.Index(), kindString(cur)), at)
 			}
 		}
 	}
 
-	return cur, nil, nil
+	// segment exhausted, we return where we are
+	return cur, nil
 }
 
 // resolveSliceIndices resolves the start and end indices for slicing a list or byte array.
@@ -391,26 +253,41 @@ func resolve(sel Selector, subject ipld.Node, at []string) (ipld.Node, []ipld.No
 //
 // Returns:
 //   - start: The resolved start index for slicing.
-//   - end: The resolved end index for slicing.
-func resolveSliceIndices(slice []int, length int64) (int64, int64) {
-	start, end := int64(0), length
-	if len(slice) > 0 {
-		start = int64(slice[0])
-		if start < 0 {
-			start = length + start
-			if start < 0 {
-				start = 0
-			}
-		}
+//   - end: The resolved **excluded** end index for slicing.
+func resolveSliceIndices(slice []int64, length int64) (start int64, end int64) {
+	if len(slice) != 2 {
+		panic("should always be 2-length")
 	}
-	if len(slice) > 1 {
-		end = int64(slice[1])
-		if end <= 0 {
-			end = length + end
-			if end < start {
-				end = start
-			}
-		}
+
+	start, end = slice[0], slice[1]
+
+	// adjust boundaries
+	switch {
+	case slice[0] == math.MinInt:
+		start = 0
+	case slice[0] < 0:
+		start = length + slice[0]
+	}
+	switch {
+	case slice[1] == math.MaxInt:
+		end = length
+	case slice[1] < 0:
+		end = length + slice[1]
+	}
+
+	// backward iteration is not allowed, shortcut to an empty result
+	if start >= end {
+		start, end = 0, 0
+	}
+	// clamp out of bound
+	if start < 0 {
+		start = 0
+	}
+	if start > length {
+		start = length
+	}
+	if end > length {
+		end = length
 	}
 
 	return start, end
@@ -423,19 +300,6 @@ func kindString(n datamodel.Node) string {
 	return n.Kind().String()
 }
 
-func isMissing(err error) bool {
-	if _, ok := err.(datamodel.ErrNotExists); ok {
-		return true
-	}
-	if _, ok := err.(schema.ErrNoSuchField); ok {
-		return true
-	}
-	if _, ok := err.(schema.ErrInvalidKey); ok {
-		return true
-	}
-	return false
-}
-
 type resolutionerr struct {
 	msg string
 	at  []string

pkg/policy/selector/selector_test.go

@@ -1,12 +1,15 @@
 package selector
 
 import (
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime"
 	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/codec/dagjson"
+	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/datamodel"
+	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/fluent/qp"
 	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/must"
 	basicnode "github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/node/basic"
 	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/node/bindnode"
@@ -14,239 +17,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )
 
-func TestParse(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Run("identity", func(t *testing.T) {
-		sel, err := Parse(".")
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.Equal(t, 1, len(sel))
-		require.True(t, sel[0].Identity())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Iterator())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Slice())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Field())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Index())
-	})
-
-	t.Run("field", func(t *testing.T) {
-		sel, err := Parse(".foo")
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.Equal(t, 1, len(sel))
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Identity())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Iterator())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Slice())
-		require.Equal(t, sel[0].Field(), "foo")
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Index())
-	})
-
-	t.Run("explicit field", func(t *testing.T) {
-		sel, err := Parse(`.["foo"]`)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.Equal(t, 2, len(sel))
-		require.True(t, sel[0].Identity())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Iterator())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Slice())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Field())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Index())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Identity())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Iterator())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Slice())
-		require.Equal(t, sel[1].Field(), "foo")
-		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Index())
-	})
-
-	t.Run("index", func(t *testing.T) {
-		sel, err := Parse(".[138]")
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.Equal(t, 2, len(sel))
-		require.True(t, sel[0].Identity())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Iterator())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Slice())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Field())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Index())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Identity())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Iterator())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Slice())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Field())
-		require.Equal(t, sel[1].Index(), 138)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("negative index", func(t *testing.T) {
-		sel, err := Parse(".[-138]")
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.Equal(t, 2, len(sel))
-		require.True(t, sel[0].Identity())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Iterator())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Slice())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Field())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Index())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Identity())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Iterator())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Slice())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Field())
-		require.Equal(t, sel[1].Index(), -138)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("iterator", func(t *testing.T) {
-		sel, err := Parse(".[]")
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.Equal(t, 2, len(sel))
-		require.True(t, sel[0].Identity())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Iterator())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Slice())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Field())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Index())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Identity())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Optional())
-		require.True(t, sel[1].Iterator())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Slice())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Field())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Index())
-	})
-
-	t.Run("optional field", func(t *testing.T) {
-		sel, err := Parse(".foo?")
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.Equal(t, 1, len(sel))
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Identity())
-		require.True(t, sel[0].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Iterator())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Slice())
-		require.Equal(t, sel[0].Field(), "foo")
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Index())
-	})
-
-	t.Run("optional explicit field", func(t *testing.T) {
-		sel, err := Parse(`.["foo"]?`)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.Equal(t, 2, len(sel))
-		require.True(t, sel[0].Identity())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Iterator())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Slice())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Field())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Index())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Identity())
-		require.True(t, sel[1].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Iterator())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Slice())
-		require.Equal(t, sel[1].Field(), "foo")
-		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Index())
-	})
-
-	t.Run("optional index", func(t *testing.T) {
-		sel, err := Parse(".[138]?")
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.Equal(t, 2, len(sel))
-		require.True(t, sel[0].Identity())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Iterator())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Slice())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Field())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Index())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Identity())
-		require.True(t, sel[1].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Iterator())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Slice())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Field())
-		require.Equal(t, sel[1].Index(), 138)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("optional iterator", func(t *testing.T) {
-		sel, err := Parse(".[]?")
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.Equal(t, 2, len(sel))
-		require.True(t, sel[0].Identity())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Iterator())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Slice())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Field())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Index())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Identity())
-		require.True(t, sel[1].Optional())
-		require.True(t, sel[1].Iterator())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Slice())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Field())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Index())
-	})
-
-	t.Run("nesting", func(t *testing.T) {
-		str := `.foo.["bar"].[138]?.baz[1:]`
-		sel, err := Parse(str)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		printSegments(sel)
-		require.Equal(t, str, sel.String())
-		require.Equal(t, 7, len(sel))
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Identity())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Iterator())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Slice())
-		require.Equal(t, sel[0].Field(), "foo")
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Index())
-		require.True(t, sel[1].Identity())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Iterator())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Slice())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Field())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Index())
-		require.False(t, sel[2].Identity())
-		require.False(t, sel[2].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[2].Iterator())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[2].Slice())
-		require.Equal(t, sel[2].Field(), "bar")
-		require.Empty(t, sel[2].Index())
-		require.True(t, sel[3].Identity())
-		require.False(t, sel[3].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[3].Iterator())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[3].Slice())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[3].Field())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[3].Index())
-		require.False(t, sel[4].Identity())
-		require.True(t, sel[4].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[4].Iterator())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[4].Slice())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[4].Field())
-		require.Equal(t, sel[4].Index(), 138)
-		require.False(t, sel[5].Identity())
-		require.False(t, sel[5].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[5].Iterator())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[5].Slice())
-		require.Equal(t, sel[5].Field(), "baz")
-		require.Empty(t, sel[5].Index())
-		require.False(t, sel[6].Identity())
-		require.False(t, sel[6].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[6].Iterator())
-		require.Equal(t, sel[6].Slice(), []int{1})
-		require.Empty(t, sel[6].Field())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[6].Index())
-	})
-
-	t.Run("non dotted", func(t *testing.T) {
-		_, err := Parse("foo")
-		require.NotNil(t, err)
-		fmt.Println(err)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("non quoted", func(t *testing.T) {
-		_, err := Parse(".[foo]")
-		require.NotNil(t, err)
-		fmt.Println(err)
-	})
-}
-
-func printSegments(s Selector) {
-	for i, seg := range s {
-		fmt.Printf("%d: %s\n", i, seg.String())
-	}
-}
-
 func TestSelect(t *testing.T) {
 	type name struct {
 		First  string
@@ -313,14 +83,13 @@ func TestSelect(t *testing.T) {
 		sel, err := Parse(".")
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 
-		one, many, err := Select(sel, anode)
+		res, err := sel.Select(anode)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.NotEmpty(t, one)
-		require.Empty(t, many)
+		require.NotEmpty(t, res)
 
-		fmt.Println(printer.Sprint(one))
+		fmt.Println(printer.Sprint(res))
 
-		age := must.Int(must.Node(one.LookupByString("age")))
+		age := must.Int(must.Node(res.LookupByString("age")))
 		require.Equal(t, int64(alice.Age), age)
 	})
 
@@ -328,24 +97,22 @@ func TestSelect(t *testing.T) {
 		sel, err := Parse(".name.first")
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 
-		one, many, err := Select(sel, anode)
+		res, err := sel.Select(anode)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.NotEmpty(t, one)
-		require.Empty(t, many)
+		require.NotEmpty(t, res)
 
-		fmt.Println(printer.Sprint(one))
+		fmt.Println(printer.Sprint(res))
 
-		name := must.String(one)
+		name := must.String(res)
 		require.Equal(t, alice.Name.First, name)
 
-		one, many, err = Select(sel, bnode)
+		res, err = sel.Select(bnode)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.NotEmpty(t, one)
-		require.Empty(t, many)
+		require.NotEmpty(t, res)
 
-		fmt.Println(printer.Sprint(one))
+		fmt.Println(printer.Sprint(res))
 
-		name = must.String(one)
+		name = must.String(res)
 		require.Equal(t, bob.Name.First, name)
 	})
 
@@ -353,81 +120,183 @@ func TestSelect(t *testing.T) {
 		sel, err := Parse(".name.middle?")
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 
-		one, many, err := Select(sel, anode)
+		res, err := sel.Select(anode)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.NotEmpty(t, one)
-		require.Empty(t, many)
+		require.NotEmpty(t, res)
 
-		fmt.Println(printer.Sprint(one))
+		fmt.Println(printer.Sprint(res))
 
-		name := must.String(one)
+		name := must.String(res)
 		require.Equal(t, *alice.Name.Middle, name)
 
-		one, many, err = Select(sel, bnode)
+		res, err = sel.Select(bnode)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.Empty(t, one)
-		require.Empty(t, many)
+		require.Empty(t, res)
 	})
 
 	t.Run("not exists", func(t *testing.T) {
 		sel, err := Parse(".name.foo")
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 
-		one, many, err := Select(sel, anode)
+		res, err := sel.Select(anode)
 		require.Error(t, err)
-		require.Empty(t, one)
-		require.Empty(t, many)
+		require.Empty(t, res)
 
 		fmt.Println(err)
 
-		require.ErrorAs(t, err, &resolutionerr{}, "error was not a resolution error")
+		require.ErrorAs(t, err, &resolutionerr{}, "error should be a resolution error")
 	})
 
 	t.Run("optional not exists", func(t *testing.T) {
 		sel, err := Parse(".name.foo?")
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 
-		one, many, err := Select(sel, anode)
+		one, err := sel.Select(anode)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 		require.Empty(t, one)
-		require.Empty(t, many)
 	})
 
 	t.Run("iterator", func(t *testing.T) {
 		sel, err := Parse(".interests[]")
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 
-		one, many, err := Select(sel, anode)
+		res, err := sel.Select(anode)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.Empty(t, one)
-		require.NotEmpty(t, many)
+		require.NotEmpty(t, res)
 
-		for _, n := range many {
-			fmt.Println(printer.Sprint(n))
-		}
+		fmt.Println(printer.Sprint(res))
 
-		iname := must.String(must.Node(many[0].LookupByString("name")))
+		iname := must.String(must.Node(must.Node(res.LookupByIndex(0)).LookupByString("name")))
 		require.Equal(t, alice.Interests[0].Name, iname)
 
-		iname = must.String(must.Node(many[1].LookupByString("name")))
+		iname = must.String(must.Node(must.Node(res.LookupByIndex(1)).LookupByString("name")))
 		require.Equal(t, alice.Interests[1].Name, iname)
 	})
 
-	t.Run("map iterator", func(t *testing.T) {
-		sel, err := Parse(".interests[0][]")
+	t.Run("slice on string", func(t *testing.T) {
+		sel, err := Parse(`.[1:3]`)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 
-		one, many, err := Select(sel, anode)
+		node := basicnode.NewString("hello")
+		res, err := sel.Select(node)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.Empty(t, one)
-		require.NotEmpty(t, many)
+		require.NotEmpty(t, res)
 
-		for _, n := range many {
-			fmt.Println(printer.Sprint(n))
-		}
+		str, err := res.AsString()
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, "el", str) // assert sliced substring
+	})
 
-		require.Equal(t, alice.Interests[0].Name, must.String(many[0]))
-		require.Equal(t, alice.Interests[0].Experience, int(must.Int(many[2])))
+	t.Run("out of bounds slicing", func(t *testing.T) {
+		node, err := qp.BuildList(basicnode.Prototype.Any, 3, func(la datamodel.ListAssembler) {
+			qp.ListEntry(la, qp.Int(1))
+			qp.ListEntry(la, qp.Int(2))
+			qp.ListEntry(la, qp.Int(3))
+		})
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		sel, err := Parse(`.[10:20]`)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		res, err := sel.Select(node)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.NotEmpty(t, res)
+		require.Equal(t, int64(0), res.Length())
+
+		_, err = res.LookupByIndex(0)
+		require.ErrorIs(t, err, datamodel.ErrNotExists{}) // assert empty result for out of bounds slice
+	})
+
+	t.Run("backward slicing", func(t *testing.T) {
+		node, err := qp.BuildList(basicnode.Prototype.Any, 3, func(la datamodel.ListAssembler) {
+			qp.ListEntry(la, qp.Int(1))
+			qp.ListEntry(la, qp.Int(2))
+			qp.ListEntry(la, qp.Int(3))
+		})
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		sel, err := Parse(`.[5:2]`)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		res, err := sel.Select(node)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.NotEmpty(t, res)
+		require.Equal(t, int64(0), res.Length())
+
+		_, err = res.LookupByIndex(0)
+		require.ErrorIs(t, err, datamodel.ErrNotExists{}) // assert empty result for backward slice
+	})
+
+	t.Run("slice with negative index", func(t *testing.T) {
+		node, err := qp.BuildList(basicnode.Prototype.Any, 3, func(la datamodel.ListAssembler) {
+			qp.ListEntry(la, qp.Int(1))
+			qp.ListEntry(la, qp.Int(2))
+			qp.ListEntry(la, qp.Int(3))
+		})
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		sel, err := Parse(`.[0:-1]`)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		res, err := sel.Select(node)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.NotEmpty(t, res)
+
+		val, err := res.LookupByIndex(1)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, 2, int(must.Int(val))) // Assert sliced value at index 1
+	})
+
+	t.Run("slice on bytes", func(t *testing.T) {
+		sel, err := Parse(`.[1:3]`)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		node := basicnode.NewBytes([]byte{0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05})
+		res, err := sel.Select(node)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.NotEmpty(t, res)
+
+		bytes, err := res.AsBytes()
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, []byte{0x02, 0x03}, bytes) // assert sliced bytes
+	})
+
+	t.Run("index on bytes", func(t *testing.T) {
+		sel, err := Parse(`.[2]`)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		node := basicnode.NewBytes([]byte{0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05})
+		res, err := sel.Select(node)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.NotEmpty(t, res)
+
+		val, err := res.AsInt()
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, int64(0x03), val) // assert indexed byte value
+	})
+
+	t.Run("out of bounds slicing on bytes", func(t *testing.T) {
+		sel, err := Parse(`.[10:20]`)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		node := basicnode.NewBytes([]byte{0x01, 0x02, 0x03})
+		res, err := sel.Select(node)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.NotNil(t, res)
+
+		bytes, err := res.AsBytes()
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Empty(t, bytes) // assert empty result for out of bounds slice
+	})
+
+	t.Run("out of bounds indexing on bytes", func(t *testing.T) {
+		sel, err := Parse(`.[10]`)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		node := basicnode.NewBytes([]byte{0x01, 0x02, 0x03})
+		_, err = sel.Select(node)
+		require.Error(t, err)
+		require.Contains(t, err.Error(), "can not resolve path: .10") // assert error for out of bounds index
 	})
 }
 
@@ -494,6 +363,10 @@ func FuzzParseAndSelect(f *testing.F) {
 		}
 
 		// look for panic()
-		_, _, _ = Select(sel, node)
+		_, err = sel.Select(node)
+		if err != nil && !errors.As(err, &resolutionerr{}) {
+			// not normal, we should only have resolution errors
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
 	})
 }

pkg/policy/selector/supported_test.go

@@ -26,17 +26,15 @@ func TestSupportedForms(t *testing.T) {
 		Output   string
 	}
 
-	// Pass
+	// Pass and return a node
 	for _, testcase := range []Testcase{
 		{Name: "Identity", Selector: `.`, Input: `{"x":1}`, Output: `{"x":1}`},
 		{Name: "Iterator", Selector: `.[]`, Input: `[1, 2]`, Output: `[1, 2]`},
 		{Name: "Optional Null Iterator", Selector: `.[]?`, Input: `null`, Output: `[]`},
-		{Name: "Optional Iterator", Selector: `.[][]?`, Input: `[[1], 2, [3]]`, Output: `[1, 3]`},
 		{Name: "Object Key", Selector: `.x`, Input: `{"x": 1 }`, Output: `1`},
 		{Name: "Quoted Key", Selector: `.["x"]`, Input: `{"x": 1}`, Output: `1`},
 		{Name: "Index", Selector: `.[0]`, Input: `[1, 2]`, Output: `1`},
 		{Name: "Negative Index", Selector: `.[-1]`, Input: `[1, 2]`, Output: `2`},
-		{Name: "String Index", Selector: `.[0]`, Input: `"Hi"`, Output: `"H"`},
 		{Name: "Bytes Index", Selector: `.[0]`, Input: `{"/":{"bytes":"AAE"}}`, Output: `0`},
 		{Name: "Array Slice", Selector: `.[0:2]`, Input: `[0, 1, 2]`, Output: `[0, 1]`},
 		{Name: "Array Slice", Selector: `.[1:]`, Input: `[0, 1, 2]`, Output: `[1, 2]`},
@@ -52,35 +50,16 @@ func TestSupportedForms(t *testing.T) {
 			require.NoError(t, err)
 
 			// attempt to select
-			node, nodes, err := selector.Select(sel, makeNode(t, tc.Input))
+			res, err := sel.Select(makeNode(t, tc.Input))
 			require.NoError(t, err)
-			require.NotEqual(t, node != nil, len(nodes) > 0) // XOR (only one of node or nodes should be set)
-
-			// make an IPLD List node from a []datamodel.Node
-			if node == nil {
-				nb := basicnode.Prototype.List.NewBuilder()
-				la, err := nb.BeginList(int64(len(nodes)))
-				require.NoError(t, err)
-
-				for _, n := range nodes {
-					// TODO: This code is probably not needed if the Select operation properly prunes nil values - e.g.: Optional Iterator
-					if n == nil {
-						n = datamodel.Null
-					}
-
-					require.NoError(t, la.AssembleValue().AssignNode(n))
-				}
-				require.NoError(t, la.Finish())
-
-				node = nb.Build()
-			}
+			require.NotNil(t, res)
 
 			exp := makeNode(t, tc.Output)
-			equalIPLD(t, exp, node)
+			equalIPLD(t, exp, res)
 		})
 	}
 
-	// null
+	// No error and return null, as optional
 	for _, testcase := range []Testcase{
 		{Name: "Optional Missing Key", Selector: `.x?`, Input: `{}`},
 		{Name: "Optional Null Key", Selector: `.x?`, Input: `null`},
@@ -97,19 +76,15 @@ func TestSupportedForms(t *testing.T) {
 			require.NoError(t, err)
 
 			// attempt to select
-			node, nodes, err := selector.Select(sel, makeNode(t, tc.Input))
+			res, err := sel.Select(makeNode(t, tc.Input))
 			require.NoError(t, err)
-			// TODO: should Select return a single node which is sometimes a list or null?
-			// require.Equal(t, datamodel.Null, node)
-			assert.Nil(t, node)
-			assert.Empty(t, nodes)
+			require.Nil(t, res)
 		})
 	}
 
-	// error
+	// fail to select and return an error
 	for _, testcase := range []Testcase{
 		{Name: "Null Iterator", Selector: `.[]`, Input: `null`},
-		{Name: "Nested Iterator", Selector: `.[][]`, Input: `[[1], 2, [3]]`},
 		{Name: "Missing Key", Selector: `.x`, Input: `{}`},
 		{Name: "Null Key", Selector: `.x`, Input: `null`},
 		{Name: "Array Key", Selector: `.x`, Input: `[]`},
@@ -124,10 +99,9 @@ func TestSupportedForms(t *testing.T) {
 			require.NoError(t, err)
 
 			// attempt to select
-			node, nodes, err := selector.Select(sel, makeNode(t, tc.Input))
+			res, err := sel.Select(makeNode(t, tc.Input))
 			require.Error(t, err)
-			assert.Nil(t, node)
-			assert.Empty(t, nodes)
+			require.Nil(t, res)
 		})
 	}
 }

token/delegation/delegation.go

@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/ipfs/go-cid"
 	"github.com/libp2p/go-libp2p/core/crypto"
 
 	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/did"
@@ -44,11 +43,13 @@ type Token struct {
 	notBefore *time.Time
 	// The timestamp at which the Invocation becomes invalid
 	expiration *time.Time
-	// The CID of the Token when enclosed in an Envelope and encoded to DAG-CBOR
-	cid cid.Cid
 }
 
 // New creates a validated Token from the provided parameters and options.
+//
+// When creating a delegated token, the Issuer's (iss) DID is assembed
+// using the public key associated with the private key sent as the first
+// parameter.
 func New(privKey crypto.PrivKey, aud did.DID, cmd command.Command, pol policy.Policy, opts ...Option) (*Token, error) {
 	iss, err := did.FromPrivKey(privKey)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -63,7 +64,6 @@ func New(privKey crypto.PrivKey, aud did.DID, cmd command.Command, pol policy.Po
 		policy:   pol,
 		meta:     meta.NewMeta(),
 		nonce:    nil,
-		cid:      cid.Undef,
 	}
 
 	for _, opt := range opts {
@@ -79,6 +79,10 @@ func New(privKey crypto.PrivKey, aud did.DID, cmd command.Command, pol policy.Po
 		}
 	}
 
+	if len(tkn.meta.Keys) < 1 {
+		tkn.meta = nil
+	}
+
 	if err := tkn.validate(); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -86,6 +90,12 @@ func New(privKey crypto.PrivKey, aud did.DID, cmd command.Command, pol policy.Po
 	return tkn, nil
 }
 
+// Root creates a validated UCAN delegation Token from the provided
+// parameters and options.
+//
+// When creating a root token, both the Issuer's (iss) and Subject's
+// (sub) DIDs are assembled from the public key associated with the
+// private key passed as the first argument.
 func Root(privKey crypto.PrivKey, aud did.DID, cmd command.Command, pol policy.Policy, opts ...Option) (*Token, error) {
 	sub, err := did.FromPrivKey(privKey)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -146,13 +156,6 @@ func (t *Token) Expiration() *time.Time {
 	return t.expiration
 }
 
-// CID returns the content identifier of the Token model when enclosed
-// in an Envelope and encoded to DAG-CBOR.
-// Returns cid.Undef if the token has not been serialized or deserialized yet.
-func (t *Token) CID() cid.Cid {
-	return t.cid
-}
-
 func (t *Token) validate() error {
 	var errs error
 
@@ -214,7 +217,7 @@ func tokenFromModel(m tokenPayloadModel) (*Token, error) {
 	}
 	tkn.nonce = m.Nonce
 
-	tkn.meta = &m.Meta
+	tkn.meta = m.Meta
 
 	if m.Nbf != nil {
 		t := time.Unix(*m.Nbf, 0)

token/delegation/delegation.ipldsch

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ type Payload struct {
     nonce Bytes
 
     # Arbitrary Metadata
-    meta {String : Any}
+    meta optional {String : Any}
 
     # "Not before" UTC Unix Timestamp in seconds (valid from), 53-bits integer
     nbf optional Int

token/delegation/delegation_test.go

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/did"
 	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/pkg/command"
 	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/pkg/policy"
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/tokens/delegation"
+	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/token/delegation"
 )
 
 const (

token/delegation/examples_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,331 @@
+package delegation_test
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"crypto/rand"
+	"encoding/base64"
+	"encoding/hex"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/ipfs/go-cid"
+	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime"
+	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/codec/dagcbor"
+	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/codec/dagjson"
+	"github.com/libp2p/go-libp2p/core/crypto"
+
+	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/did"
+	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/pkg/command"
+	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/pkg/policy"
+	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/pkg/policy/literal"
+	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/token/delegation"
+	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/token/internal/envelope"
+)
+
+// The following example shows how to create a delegation.Token with
+// distinct DIDs for issuer (iss), audience (aud) and subject (sub).
+func ExampleNew() {
+	issPriv, issPub, err := crypto.GenerateEd25519Key(rand.Reader)
+	printThenPanicOnErr(err)
+
+	issDid, err := did.FromPubKey(issPub)
+	printThenPanicOnErr(err)
+	fmt.Println("issDid:", issDid)
+
+	audDid := did.MustParse(AudienceDID)
+	subDid := did.MustParse(subjectDID)
+
+	// The command defines the shape of the arguments that will be evaluated against the policy
+	cmd := command.MustParse("/foo/bar")
+
+	// The policy defines what is allowed to do.
+	pol := policy.MustConstruct(
+		policy.Equal(".status", literal.String("draft")),
+		policy.All(".reviewer",
+			policy.Like(".email", "*@example.com"),
+		),
+		policy.Any(".tags", policy.Or(
+			policy.Equal(".", literal.String("news")),
+			policy.Equal(".", literal.String("press")),
+		)),
+	)
+
+	tkn, err := delegation.New(issPriv, audDid, cmd, pol,
+		delegation.WithSubject(subDid),
+		delegation.WithExpirationIn(time.Hour),
+		delegation.WithNotBeforeIn(time.Minute),
+		delegation.WithMeta("foo", "bar"),
+		delegation.WithMeta("baz", 123),
+	)
+	printThenPanicOnErr(err)
+
+	// "Seal", meaning encode and wrap into a signed envelope.
+	data, id, err := tkn.ToSealed(issPriv)
+	printThenPanicOnErr(err)
+
+	printCIDAndSealed(id, data)
+
+	// Example output:
+	//
+	// issDid: did:key:z6MkhVFznPeR572rTK51UjoTNpnF8cxuWfPm9oBMPr7y8ABe
+	//
+	// CID (base58BTC): zdpuAv6g2eJSc4RJwEpmooGLVK4wJ4CZpnM92tPVYt5jtMoLW
+	//
+	// DAG-CBOR (base64) out: 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
+	//
+	// Converted to DAG-JSON out:
+	// [
+	//	{
+	//		"/": {
+	//			"bytes": "5rvl8uKmDVGvAVSt4m/0MGiXl9dZwljJJ9m2qHCoIB617l26UvMxyH5uvN9hM7ozfVATiq4mLhoGgm9IGnEEAg"
+	//		}
+	//	},
+	//	{
+	//		"h": {
+	//			"/": {
+	//				"bytes": "NO0BcQ"
+	//			}
+	//		},
+	//		"ucan/dlg@1.0.0-rc.1": {
+	//			"aud": "did:key:z6Mkq5YmbJcTrPExNDi26imrTCpKhepjBFBSHqrBDN2ArPkv",
+	//			"cmd": "/foo/bar",
+	//			"exp": 1728933098,
+	//			"iss": "did:key:z6MkhVFznPeR572rTK51UjoTNpnF8cxuWfPm9oBMPr7y8ABe",
+	//			"meta": {
+	//				"baz": 123,
+	//				"foo": "bar"
+	//			},
+	//			"nbf": 1728929558,
+	//			"nonce": {
+	//				"/": {
+	//					"bytes": "u0HMgJ5Y+M84I/66"
+	//				}
+	//			},
+	//			"pol": [
+	//				[
+	//					"==",
+	//					".status",
+	//					"draft"
+	//				],
+	//				[
+	//					"all",
+	//					".reviewer",
+	//					[
+	//						"like",
+	//						".email",
+	//						"*@example.com"
+	//					]
+	//				],
+	//				[
+	//					"any",
+	//					".tags",
+	//					[
+	//						"or",
+	//						[
+	//							[
+	//								"==",
+	//								".",
+	//								"news"
+	//							],
+	//							[
+	//								"==",
+	//								".",
+	//								"press"
+	//							]
+	//						]
+	//					]
+	//				]
+	//			],
+	//			"sub": "did:key:z6MktA1uBdCpq4uJBqE9jjMiLyxZBg9a6xgPPKJjMqss6Zc2"
+	//		}
+	//	}
+	// ]
+}
+
+// The following example shows how to create a UCAN root delegation.Token
+// - a delegation.Token with the subject (sub) set to the value of issuer
+// (iss).
+func ExampleRoot() {
+	issPriv, issPub, err := crypto.GenerateEd25519Key(rand.Reader)
+	printThenPanicOnErr(err)
+
+	issDid, err := did.FromPubKey(issPub)
+	printThenPanicOnErr(err)
+	fmt.Println("issDid:", issDid)
+
+	audDid := did.MustParse(AudienceDID)
+
+	// The command defines the shape of the arguments that will be evaluated against the policy
+	cmd := command.MustParse("/foo/bar")
+
+	// The policy defines what is allowed to do.
+	pol := policy.MustConstruct(
+		policy.Equal(".status", literal.String("draft")),
+		policy.All(".reviewer",
+			policy.Like(".email", "*@example.com"),
+		),
+		policy.Any(".tags", policy.Or(
+			policy.Equal(".", literal.String("news")),
+			policy.Equal(".", literal.String("press")),
+		)),
+	)
+
+	tkn, err := delegation.Root(issPriv, audDid, cmd, pol,
+		delegation.WithExpirationIn(time.Hour),
+		delegation.WithNotBeforeIn(time.Minute),
+		delegation.WithMeta("foo", "bar"),
+		delegation.WithMeta("baz", 123),
+	)
+	printThenPanicOnErr(err)
+
+	// "Seal", meaning encode and wrap into a signed envelope.
+	data, id, err := tkn.ToSealed(issPriv)
+	printThenPanicOnErr(err)
+
+	printCIDAndSealed(id, data)
+
+	// Example output:
+	//
+	// issDid: did:key:z6MknWJqz17Y4AfsXSJUFKomuBR4GTkViM7kJYutzTMkCyFF
+	//
+	// CID (base58BTC): zdpuAwLojgfvFCbjz2FsKrvN1khDQ9mFGT6b6pxjMfz73Roed
+	//
+	// DAG-CBOR (base64) out: 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
+	//
+	// Converted to DAG-JSON out:
+	// [
+	//	{
+	//		"/": {
+	//			"bytes": "6dBhbhhGE36CW22OxjOEIAqdDmBqCNsAhCRljnBdXd7YrVOUG+bnXGCIwd4dTGgpEdmY06PFIl7IXKXCh/ESBg"
+	//		}
+	//	},
+	//	{
+	//		"h": {
+	//			"/": {
+	//				"bytes": "NO0BcQ"
+	//			}
+	//		},
+	//		"ucan/dlg@1.0.0-rc.1": {
+	//			"aud": "did:key:z6Mkq5YmbJcTrPExNDi26imrTCpKhepjBFBSHqrBDN2ArPkv",
+	//			"cmd": "/foo/bar",
+	//			"exp": 1728933168,
+	//			"iss": "did:key:z6MknWJqz17Y4AfsXSJUFKomuBR4GTkViM7kJYutzTMkCyFF",
+	//			"meta": {
+	//				"baz": 123,
+	//				"foo": "bar"
+	//			},
+	//			"nbf": 1728929628,
+	//			"nonce": {
+	//				"/": {
+	//					"bytes": "JOsjYi1Pq3OIB0La"
+	//				}
+	//			},
+	//			"pol": [
+	//				[
+	//					"==",
+	//					".status",
+	//					"draft"
+	//				],
+	//				[
+	//					"all",
+	//					".reviewer",
+	//					[
+	//						"like",
+	//						".email",
+	//						"*@example.com"
+	//					]
+	//				],
+	//				[
+	//					"any",
+	//					".tags",
+	//					[
+	//						"or",
+	//						[
+	//							[
+	//								"==",
+	//								".",
+	//								"news"
+	//							],
+	//							[
+	//								"==",
+	//								".",
+	//								"press"
+	//							]
+	//						]
+	//					]
+	//				]
+	//			],
+	//			"sub": "did:key:z6MknWJqz17Y4AfsXSJUFKomuBR4GTkViM7kJYutzTMkCyFF"
+	//		}
+	//	}
+	// ]
+}
+
+// The following example demonstrates how to get a delegation.Token from
+// a DAG-CBOR []byte.
+func ExampleToken_FromSealed() {
+	const cborBase64 = "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"
+
+	cborBytes, err := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(cborBase64)
+	printThenPanicOnErr(err)
+
+	tkn, c, err := delegation.FromSealed(cborBytes)
+	printThenPanicOnErr(err)
+
+	fmt.Println("CID (base58BTC):", envelope.CIDToBase58BTC(c))
+	fmt.Println("Issuer (iss):", tkn.Issuer().String())
+	fmt.Println("Audience (aud):", tkn.Audience().String())
+	fmt.Println("Subject (sub):", tkn.Subject().String())
+	fmt.Println("Command (cmd):", tkn.Command().String())
+	fmt.Println("Policy (pol):", tkn.Policy().String())
+	fmt.Println("Nonce (nonce):", hex.EncodeToString(tkn.Nonce()))
+	fmt.Println("Meta (meta):", tkn.Meta().String())
+	fmt.Println("NotBefore (nbf):", tkn.NotBefore())
+	fmt.Println("Expiration (exp):", tkn.Expiration())
+
+	// Output:
+	// CID (base58BTC): zdpuAw26pFuvZa2Z9YAtpZZnWN6VmnRFr7Z8LVY5c7RVWoxGY
+	// Issuer (iss): did:key:z6Mkpzn2n3ZGT2VaqMGSQC3tzmzV4TS9S71iFsDXE1WnoNH2
+	// Audience (aud): did:key:z6Mkq5YmbJcTrPExNDi26imrTCpKhepjBFBSHqrBDN2ArPkv
+	// Subject (sub): did:key:z6MktA1uBdCpq4uJBqE9jjMiLyxZBg9a6xgPPKJjMqss6Zc2
+	// Command (cmd): /foo/bar
+	// Policy (pol): [
+	//   ["==", ".status", "draft"],
+	//   ["all", ".reviewer",
+	//     ["like", ".email", "*@example.com"]],
+	//   ["any", ".tags",
+	//     ["or", [
+	//       ["==", ".", "news"],
+	//       ["==", ".", "press"]]]
+	//     ]
+	// ]
+	// Nonce (nonce): 000102030405060708090a0b
+	// Meta (meta): {}
+	// NotBefore (nbf): <nil>
+	// Expiration (exp): <nil>
+}
+
+func printCIDAndSealed(id cid.Cid, data []byte) {
+	fmt.Println("CID (base58BTC):", envelope.CIDToBase58BTC(id))
+	fmt.Println("DAG-CBOR (base64) out:", base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(data))
+	fmt.Println("Converted to DAG-JSON out:")
+
+	node, err := ipld.Decode(data, dagcbor.Decode)
+	printThenPanicOnErr(err)
+
+	rawJSON, err := ipld.Encode(node, dagjson.Encode)
+	printThenPanicOnErr(err)
+
+	prettyJSON := &bytes.Buffer{}
+	err = json.Indent(prettyJSON, rawJSON, "", "\t")
+	printThenPanicOnErr(err)
+
+	fmt.Println(prettyJSON.String())
+}
+
+func printThenPanicOnErr(err error) {
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+}

token/delegation/ipld.go

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/libp2p/go-libp2p/core/crypto"
 
 	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/did"
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/tokens/internal/envelope"
+	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/token/internal/envelope"
 )
 
 // ToSealed wraps the delegation token in an envelope, generates the
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ func (t *Token) ToSealed(privKey crypto.PrivKey) ([]byte, cid.Cid, error) {
 	return data, id, nil
 }
 
-// ToSealedWriter is the same as Seal but accepts an io.Writer.
+// ToSealedWriter is the same as ToSealed but accepts an io.Writer.
 func (t *Token) ToSealedWriter(w io.Writer, privKey crypto.PrivKey) (cid.Cid, error) {
 	cidWriter := envelope.NewCIDWriter(w)
 
@@ -47,42 +47,38 @@ func (t *Token) ToSealedWriter(w io.Writer, privKey crypto.PrivKey) (cid.Cid, er
 // verifies that the envelope's signature is correct based on the public
 // key taken from the issuer (iss) field and calculates the CID of the
 // incoming data.
-func FromSealed(data []byte) (*Token, error) {
+func FromSealed(data []byte) (*Token, cid.Cid, error) {
 	tkn, err := FromDagCbor(data)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+		return nil, cid.Undef, err
 	}
 
 	id, err := envelope.CIDFromBytes(data)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+		return nil, cid.Undef, err
 	}
 
-	tkn.cid = id
-
-	return tkn, nil
+	return tkn, id, nil
 }
 
 // FromSealedReader is the same as Unseal but accepts an io.Reader.
-func FromSealedReader(r io.Reader) (*Token, error) {
+func FromSealedReader(r io.Reader) (*Token, cid.Cid, error) {
 	cidReader := envelope.NewCIDReader(r)
 
 	tkn, err := FromDagCborReader(cidReader)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+		return nil, cid.Undef, err
 	}
 
 	id, err := cidReader.CID()
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+		return nil, cid.Undef, err
 	}
 
-	tkn.cid = id
-
-	return tkn, nil
+	return tkn, id, nil
 }
 
-// Encode marshals a View to the format specified by the provided
+// Encode marshals a Token to the format specified by the provided
 // codec.Encoder.
 func (t *Token) Encode(privKey crypto.PrivKey, encFn codec.Encoder) ([]byte, error) {
 	node, err := t.toIPLD(privKey)
@@ -93,7 +89,7 @@ func (t *Token) Encode(privKey crypto.PrivKey, encFn codec.Encoder) ([]byte, err
 	return ipld.Encode(node, encFn)
 }
 
-// EncodeWriter is the same as Encode but accepts an io.Writer.
+// EncodeWriter is the same as Encode, but accepts an io.Writer.
 func (t *Token) EncodeWriter(w io.Writer, privKey crypto.PrivKey, encFn codec.Encoder) error {
 	node, err := t.toIPLD(privKey)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -103,37 +99,37 @@ func (t *Token) EncodeWriter(w io.Writer, privKey crypto.PrivKey, encFn codec.En
 	return ipld.EncodeStreaming(w, node, encFn)
 }
 
-// ToDagCbor marshals the View to the DAG-CBOR format.
+// ToDagCbor marshals the Token to the DAG-CBOR format.
 func (t *Token) ToDagCbor(privKey crypto.PrivKey) ([]byte, error) {
 	return t.Encode(privKey, dagcbor.Encode)
 }
 
-// ToDagCborWriter is the same as ToDagCbor but it accepts an io.Writer.
+// ToDagCborWriter is the same as ToDagCbor, but it accepts an io.Writer.
 func (t *Token) ToDagCborWriter(w io.Writer, privKey crypto.PrivKey) error {
 	return t.EncodeWriter(w, privKey, dagcbor.Encode)
 }
 
-// ToDagJson marshals the View to the DAG-JSON format.
+// ToDagJson marshals the Token to the DAG-JSON format.
 func (t *Token) ToDagJson(privKey crypto.PrivKey) ([]byte, error) {
 	return t.Encode(privKey, dagjson.Encode)
 }
 
-// ToDagJsonWriter is the same as ToDagJson but it accepts an io.Writer.
+// ToDagJsonWriter is the same as ToDagJson, but it accepts an io.Writer.
 func (t *Token) ToDagJsonWriter(w io.Writer, privKey crypto.PrivKey) error {
 	return t.EncodeWriter(w, privKey, dagjson.Encode)
 }
 
 // Decode unmarshals the input data using the format specified by the
-// provided codec.Decoder into a View.
+// provided codec.Decoder into a Token.
 //
 // An error is returned if the conversion fails, or if the resulting
-// View is invalid.
+// Token is invalid.
 func Decode(b []byte, decFn codec.Decoder) (*Token, error) {
 	node, err := ipld.Decode(b, decFn)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	return fromIPLD(node)
+	return FromIPLD(node)
 }
 
 // DecodeReader is the same as Decode, but accept an io.Reader.
@@ -142,13 +138,13 @@ func DecodeReader(r io.Reader, decFn codec.Decoder) (*Token, error) {
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	return fromIPLD(node)
+	return FromIPLD(node)
 }
 
-// FromDagCbor unmarshals the input data into a View.
+// FromDagCbor unmarshals the input data into a Token.
 //
 // An error is returned if the conversion fails, or if the resulting
-// View is invalid.
+// Token is invalid.
 func FromDagCbor(data []byte) (*Token, error) {
 	pay, err := envelope.FromDagCbor[*tokenPayloadModel](data)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -168,10 +164,10 @@ func FromDagCborReader(r io.Reader) (*Token, error) {
 	return DecodeReader(r, dagcbor.Decode)
 }
 
-// FromDagJson unmarshals the input data into a View.
+// FromDagJson unmarshals the input data into a Token.
 //
 // An error is returned if the conversion fails, or if the resulting
-// View is invalid.
+// Token is invalid.
 func FromDagJson(data []byte) (*Token, error) {
 	return Decode(data, dagjson.Decode)
 }
@@ -181,7 +177,8 @@ func FromDagJsonReader(r io.Reader) (*Token, error) {
 	return DecodeReader(r, dagjson.Decode)
 }
 
-func fromIPLD(node datamodel.Node) (*Token, error) {
+// FromIPLD decode the given IPLD representation into a Token.
+func FromIPLD(node datamodel.Node) (*Token, error) {
 	pay, err := envelope.FromIPLD[*tokenPayloadModel](node)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
@@ -227,7 +224,7 @@ func (t *Token) toIPLD(privKey crypto.PrivKey) (datamodel.Node, error) {
 		Cmd:   t.command.String(),
 		Pol:   pol,
 		Nonce: t.nonce,
-		Meta:  *t.meta,
+		Meta:  t.meta,
 		Nbf:   nbf,
 		Exp:   exp,
 	}

token/delegation/options.go

@@ -24,6 +24,15 @@ func WithExpiration(exp time.Time) Option {
 	}
 }
 
+// WithExpirationIn set's the Token's optional "expiration" field to Now() plus the given duration.
+func WithExpirationIn(exp time.Duration) Option {
+	return func(t *Token) error {
+		expTime := time.Now().Add(exp)
+		t.expiration = &expTime
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
 // WithMeta adds a key/value pair in the "meta" field.
 //
 // WithMeta can be used multiple times in the same call.
@@ -48,11 +57,21 @@ func WithNotBefore(nbf time.Time) Option {
 	}
 }
 
+// WithNotBeforeIn set's the Token's optional "notBefore" field to the value
+// of the provided time.Time.
+func WithNotBeforeIn(nbf time.Duration) Option {
+	return func(t *Token) error {
+		nbfTime := time.Now().Add(nbf)
+		t.notBefore = &nbfTime
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
 // WithSubject sets the Tokens's optional "subject" field to the value of
 // provided did.DID.
 //
 // This Option should only be used with the New constructor - since
-// Subject is a required parameter when creating a Token via the  Root
+// Subject is a required parameter when creating a Token via the Root
 // constructor, any value provided via this Option will be silently
 // overwritten.
 func WithSubject(sub did.DID) Option {

token/delegation/schema.go

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/schema"
 
 	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/pkg/meta"
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/tokens/internal/envelope"
+	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/token/internal/envelope"
 )
 
 // [Tag] is the string used as a key within the SigPayload that identifies
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ type tokenPayloadModel struct {
 	Nonce []byte
 
 	// Arbitrary Metadata
-	Meta meta.Meta
+	Meta *meta.Meta
 
 	// "Not before" UTC Unix Timestamp in seconds (valid from), 53-bits integer
 	// optional: can be nil

token/delegation/schema_test.go

@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@ import (
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 	"gotest.tools/v3/golden"
 
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/tokens/delegation"
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/tokens/internal/envelope"
+	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/token/delegation"
+	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/token/internal/envelope"
 )
 
 //go:embed delegation.ipldsch
@@ -39,9 +39,9 @@ func TestSchemaRoundTrip(t *testing.T) {
 		fmt.Println("cborBytes length", len(cborBytes))
 		fmt.Println("cbor", string(cborBytes))
 
-		p2, err := delegation.FromSealed(cborBytes)
+		p2, c2, err := delegation.FromSealed(cborBytes)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
-		assert.Equal(t, id, p2.CID())
+		assert.Equal(t, id, c2)
 		fmt.Println("read Cbor", p2)
 
 		readJson, err := p2.ToDagJson(privKey)
@@ -70,10 +70,9 @@ func TestSchemaRoundTrip(t *testing.T) {
 		assert.Equal(t, newCID, envelope.CIDToBase58BTC(id))
 
 		// buf = bytes.NewBuffer(cborBytes.Bytes())
-		p2, err := delegation.FromSealedReader(cborBytes)
+		p2, c2, err := delegation.FromSealedReader(cborBytes)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
-		t.Log(len(p2.CID().Bytes()), p2.CID().Bytes())
-		assert.Equal(t, envelope.CIDToBase58BTC(id), envelope.CIDToBase58BTC(p2.CID()))
+		assert.Equal(t, envelope.CIDToBase58BTC(id), envelope.CIDToBase58BTC(c2))
 
 		readJson := &bytes.Buffer{}
 		require.NoError(t, p2.ToDagJsonWriter(readJson, privKey))
@@ -96,7 +95,7 @@ func BenchmarkRoundTrip(b *testing.B) {
 	b.Run("via buffers", func(b *testing.B) {
 		p1, _ := delegation.FromDagJson(delegationJson)
 		cborBytes, _, _ := p1.ToSealed(privKey)
-		p2, _ := delegation.FromSealed(cborBytes)
+		p2, _, _ := delegation.FromSealed(cborBytes)
 
 		b.ResetTimer()
 
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ func BenchmarkRoundTrip(b *testing.B) {
 		b.Run("Unseal", func(b *testing.B) {
 			b.ReportAllocs()
 			for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
-				_, _ = delegation.FromSealed(cborBytes)
+				_, _, _ = delegation.FromSealed(cborBytes)
 			}
 		})
 
@@ -134,7 +133,7 @@ func BenchmarkRoundTrip(b *testing.B) {
 		cborBuf := &bytes.Buffer{}
 		_, _ = p1.ToSealedWriter(cborBuf, privKey)
 		cborBytes := cborBuf.Bytes()
-		p2, _ := delegation.FromSealedReader(bytes.NewReader(cborBytes))
+		p2, _, _ := delegation.FromSealedReader(bytes.NewReader(cborBytes))
 
 		b.ResetTimer()
 
@@ -161,7 +160,7 @@ func BenchmarkRoundTrip(b *testing.B) {
 			reader := bytes.NewReader(cborBytes)
 			for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
 				_, _ = reader.Seek(0, 0)
-				_, _ = delegation.FromSealedReader(reader)
+				_, _, _ = delegation.FromSealedReader(reader)
 			}
 		})
 

token/inspect.go

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+package token
+
+import (
+	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/datamodel"
+
+	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/token/internal/envelope"
+)
+
+type Info = envelope.Info
+
+// Inspect inspects the given token IPLD representation and extract some envelope facts.
+func Inspect(node datamodel.Node) (Info, error) {
+	return envelope.Inspect(node)
+}
+
+// FindTag inspect the given token IPLD representation and extract the token tag.
+func FindTag(node datamodel.Node) (string, error) {
+	return envelope.FindTag(node)
+}

token/interface.go

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+package token
+
+import (
+	"io"
+
+	"github.com/ipfs/go-cid"
+	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/codec"
+	"github.com/libp2p/go-libp2p/core/crypto"
+
+	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/did"
+	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/pkg/meta"
+)
+
+type Token interface {
+	Marshaller
+
+	// Issuer returns the did.DID representing the Token's issuer.
+	Issuer() did.DID
+	// Meta returns the Token's metadata.
+	Meta() *meta.Meta
+}
+
+type Marshaller interface {
+	// ToSealed wraps the token in an envelope, generates the signature, encodes
+	// the result to DAG-CBOR and calculates the CID of the resulting binary data.
+	ToSealed(privKey crypto.PrivKey) ([]byte, cid.Cid, error)
+	// ToSealedWriter is the same as ToSealed but accepts an io.Writer.
+	ToSealedWriter(w io.Writer, privKey crypto.PrivKey) (cid.Cid, error)
+	// Encode marshals a Token to the format specified by the provided codec.Encoder.
+	Encode(privKey crypto.PrivKey, encFn codec.Encoder) ([]byte, error)
+	// EncodeWriter is the same as Encode, but accepts an io.Writer.
+	EncodeWriter(w io.Writer, privKey crypto.PrivKey, encFn codec.Encoder) error
+	// ToDagCbor marshals the Token to the DAG-CBOR format.
+	ToDagCbor(privKey crypto.PrivKey) ([]byte, error)
+	// ToDagCborWriter is the same as ToDagCbor, but it accepts an io.Writer.
+	ToDagCborWriter(w io.Writer, privKey crypto.PrivKey) error
+	// ToDagJson marshals the Token to the DAG-JSON format.
+	ToDagJson(privKey crypto.PrivKey) ([]byte, error)
+	// ToDagJsonWriter is the same as ToDagJson, but it accepts an io.Writer.
+	ToDagJsonWriter(w io.Writer, privKey crypto.PrivKey) error
+}

token/internal/envelope/cid_test.go

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 	"gotest.tools/v3/golden"
 
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/tokens/internal/envelope"
+	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/token/internal/envelope"
 )
 
 func TestCidFromBytes(t *testing.T) {

token/internal/envelope/example_test.go

@@ -16,8 +16,9 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/schema"
 	"github.com/libp2p/go-libp2p/core/crypto"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/tokens/internal/envelope"
 	"gotest.tools/v3/golden"
+
+	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/token/internal/envelope"
 )
 
 const (

token/internal/envelope/ipld.go

@@ -27,7 +27,9 @@ package envelope
 
 import (
 	"errors"
+	"fmt"
 	"io"
+	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime"
 	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/codec"
@@ -41,10 +43,13 @@ import (
 	"github.com/libp2p/go-libp2p/core/crypto"
 
 	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/did"
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/tokens/internal/varsig"
+	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/token/internal/varsig"
 )
 
-const varsigHeaderKey = "h"
+const (
+	VarsigHeaderKey = "h"
+	UCANTagPrefix   = "ucan/"
+)
 
 // Tokener must be implemented by types that wish to be enclosed in a
 // UCAN Envelope (presumbably one of the UCAN token types).
@@ -89,19 +94,7 @@ func DecodeReader[T Tokener](r io.Reader, decFn codec.Decoder) (T, error) {
 // An error is returned if the conversion fails, or if the resulting
 // Tokener is invalid.
 func FromDagCbor[T Tokener](b []byte) (T, error) {
-	undef := *new(T)
-
-	node, err := ipld.Decode(b, dagcbor.Decode)
-	if err != nil {
-		return undef, err
-	}
-
-	tkn, err := fromIPLD[T](node)
-	if err != nil {
-		return undef, err
-	}
-
-	return tkn, nil
+	return Decode[T](b, dagcbor.Decode)
 }
 
 // FromDagCborReader is the same as FromDagCbor, but accept an io.Reader.
@@ -127,113 +120,81 @@ func FromDagJsonReader[T Tokener](r io.Reader) (T, error) {
 // An error is returned if the conversion fails, or if the resulting
 // Tokener is invalid.
 func FromIPLD[T Tokener](node datamodel.Node) (T, error) {
-	undef := *new(T)
+	zero := *new(T)
 
-	tkn, err := fromIPLD[T](node)
+	info, err := Inspect(node)
 	if err != nil {
-		return undef, err
+		return zero, err
 	}
 
-	return tkn, nil
-}
-
-func fromIPLD[T Tokener](node datamodel.Node) (T, error) {
-	undef := *new(T)
-
-	signatureNode, err := node.LookupByIndex(0)
-	if err != nil {
-		return undef, err
-	}
-
-	signature, err := signatureNode.AsBytes()
-	if err != nil {
-		return undef, err
-	}
-
-	sigPayloadNode, err := node.LookupByIndex(1)
-	if err != nil {
-		return undef, err
-	}
-
-	varsigHeaderNode, err := sigPayloadNode.LookupByString(varsigHeaderKey)
-	if err != nil {
-		return undef, err
-	}
-
-	tokenPayloadNode, err := sigPayloadNode.LookupByString(undef.Tag())
-	if err != nil {
-		return undef, err
+	if info.Tag != zero.Tag() {
+		return zero, errors.New("data doesn't match the expected type")
 	}
 
 	// This needs to be done before converting this node to its schema
 	// representation (afterwards, the field might be renamed os it's safer
 	// to use the wire name).
-	issuerNode, err := tokenPayloadNode.LookupByString("iss")
+	issuerNode, err := info.tokenPayloadNode.LookupByString("iss")
 	if err != nil {
-		return undef, err
+		return zero, err
 	}
 
 	// Replaces the datamodel.Node in tokenPayloadNode with a
 	// schema.TypedNode so that we can cast it to a *token.Token after
 	// unwrapping it.
-	nb := undef.Prototype().Representation().NewBuilder()
+	nb := zero.Prototype().Representation().NewBuilder()
 
-	err = nb.AssignNode(tokenPayloadNode)
+	err = nb.AssignNode(info.tokenPayloadNode)
 	if err != nil {
-		return undef, err
+		return zero, err
 	}
 
-	tokenPayloadNode = nb.Build()
+	tokenPayloadNode := nb.Build()
 
 	tokenPayload := bindnode.Unwrap(tokenPayloadNode)
 	if tokenPayload == nil {
-		return undef, errors.New("failed to Unwrap the TokenPayload")
+		return zero, errors.New("failed to Unwrap the TokenPayload")
 	}
 
 	tkn, ok := tokenPayload.(T)
 	if !ok {
-		return undef, errors.New("failed to assert the TokenPayload type as *token.Token")
+		return zero, errors.New("failed to assert the TokenPayload type as *token.Token")
 	}
 
 	// Check that the issuer's DID contains a public key with a type that
 	// matches the VarsigHeader and then verify the SigPayload.
 	issuer, err := issuerNode.AsString()
 	if err != nil {
-		return undef, err
+		return zero, err
 	}
 
 	issuerDID, err := did.Parse(issuer)
 	if err != nil {
-		return undef, err
+		return zero, err
 	}
 
 	issuerPubKey, err := issuerDID.PubKey()
 	if err != nil {
-		return undef, err
+		return zero, err
 	}
 
 	issuerVarsigHeader, err := varsig.Encode(issuerPubKey.Type())
 	if err != nil {
-		return undef, err
+		return zero, err
 	}
 
-	varsigHeader, err := varsigHeaderNode.AsBytes()
+	if string(info.VarsigHeader) != string(issuerVarsigHeader) {
+		return zero, errors.New("the VarsigHeader key type doesn't match the issuer's key type")
+	}
+
+	data, err := ipld.Encode(info.sigPayloadNode, dagcbor.Encode)
 	if err != nil {
-		return undef, err
+		return zero, err
 	}
 
-	if string(varsigHeader) != string(issuerVarsigHeader) {
-		return undef, errors.New("the VarsigHeader key type doesn't match the issuer's key type")
-	}
-
-	data, err := ipld.Encode(sigPayloadNode, dagcbor.Encode)
-	if err != nil {
-		return undef, err
-	}
-
-	ok, err = issuerPubKey.Verify(data, signature)
+	ok, err = issuerPubKey.Verify(data, info.Signature)
 	if err != nil || !ok {
-		return undef, errors.New("failed to verify the token's signature")
+		return zero, errors.New("failed to verify the token's signature")
 	}
 
 	return tkn, nil
@@ -293,7 +254,7 @@ func ToIPLD(privKey crypto.PrivKey, token Tokener) (datamodel.Node, error) {
 	}
 
 	sigPayloadNode, err := qp.BuildMap(basicnode.Prototype.Any, 2, func(ma datamodel.MapAssembler) {
-		qp.MapEntry(ma, varsigHeaderKey, qp.Bytes(varsigHeader))
+		qp.MapEntry(ma, VarsigHeaderKey, qp.Bytes(varsigHeader))
 		qp.MapEntry(ma, token.Tag(), qp.Node(tokenPayloadNode))
 	})
 
@@ -312,3 +273,121 @@ func ToIPLD(privKey crypto.PrivKey, token Tokener) (datamodel.Node, error) {
 		qp.ListEntry(la, qp.Node(sigPayloadNode))
 	})
 }
+
+// FindTag inspects the given token IPLD representation and extract the token tag.
+func FindTag(node datamodel.Node) (string, error) {
+	sigPayloadNode, err := node.LookupByIndex(1)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+
+	if sigPayloadNode.Kind() != datamodel.Kind_Map {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("unexpected type instead of map")
+	}
+
+	it := sigPayloadNode.MapIterator()
+	i := 0
+
+	for !it.Done() {
+		if i >= 2 {
+			return "", fmt.Errorf("expected two and only two fields in SigPayload")
+		}
+		i++
+
+		k, _, err := it.Next()
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", err
+		}
+
+		key, err := k.AsString()
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", err
+		}
+
+		if strings.HasPrefix(key, UCANTagPrefix) {
+			return key, nil
+		}
+	}
+	return "", fmt.Errorf("no token tag found")
+}
+
+type Info struct {
+	Tag              string
+	Signature        []byte
+	VarsigHeader     []byte
+	sigPayloadNode   datamodel.Node // private, we don't want to expose that
+	tokenPayloadNode datamodel.Node // private, we don't want to expose that
+}
+
+// Inspect inspects the given token IPLD representation and extract some envelope facts.
+func Inspect(node datamodel.Node) (Info, error) {
+	var res Info
+
+	signatureNode, err := node.LookupByIndex(0)
+	if err != nil {
+		return Info{}, err
+	}
+
+	res.Signature, err = signatureNode.AsBytes()
+	if err != nil {
+		return Info{}, err
+	}
+
+	res.sigPayloadNode, err = node.LookupByIndex(1)
+	if err != nil {
+		return Info{}, err
+	}
+
+	if res.sigPayloadNode.Kind() != datamodel.Kind_Map {
+		return Info{}, fmt.Errorf("unexpected type instead of map")
+	}
+
+	it := res.sigPayloadNode.MapIterator()
+	foundVarsigHeader := false
+	foundTokenPayload := false
+	i := 0
+
+	for !it.Done() {
+		if i >= 2 {
+			return Info{}, fmt.Errorf("expected two and only two fields in SigPayload")
+		}
+		i++
+
+		k, v, err := it.Next()
+		if err != nil {
+			return Info{}, err
+		}
+
+		key, err := k.AsString()
+		if err != nil {
+			return Info{}, err
+		}
+
+		switch {
+		case key == VarsigHeaderKey:
+			foundVarsigHeader = true
+			res.VarsigHeader, err = v.AsBytes()
+			if err != nil {
+				return Info{}, err
+			}
+		case strings.HasPrefix(key, UCANTagPrefix):
+			foundTokenPayload = true
+			res.Tag = key
+			res.tokenPayloadNode = v
+		default:
+			return Info{}, fmt.Errorf("unexpected key type %q", key)
+		}
+	}
+
+	if i != 2 {
+		return Info{}, fmt.Errorf("expected two and only two fields in SigPayload: %d", i)
+	}
+	if !foundVarsigHeader {
+		return Info{}, errors.New("failed to find VarsigHeader field")
+	}
+	if !foundTokenPayload {
+		return Info{}, errors.New("failed to find TokenPayload field")
+	}
+
+	return res, nil
+}

token/internal/envelope/ipld_test.go

@@ -3,12 +3,17 @@ package envelope_test
 import (
 	"bytes"
 	"crypto/sha256"
+	"encoding/base64"
+	"os"
 	"testing"
 
+	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime"
+	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/codec/dagcbor"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/tokens/internal/envelope"
 	"gotest.tools/v3/golden"
+
+	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/token/internal/envelope"
 )
 
 func TestDecode(t *testing.T) {
@@ -149,3 +154,56 @@ func TestHash(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Equal(t, hash1[:], hash2)
 	require.Equal(t, hash1[:], hash3)
 }
+
+func TestInspect(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	data := golden.Get(t, "example.dagcbor")
+	node, err := ipld.Decode(data, dagcbor.Decode)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	expSig, err := base64.RawStdEncoding.DecodeString("fPqfwL3iFpbw9SvBiq0DIbUurv9o6c36R08tC/yslGrJcwV51ghzWahxdetpEf6T5LCszXX9I/K8khvnmAxjAg")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	info, err := envelope.Inspect(node)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, expSig, info.Signature)
+	assert.Equal(t, "ucan/example@v1.0.0-rc.1", info.Tag)
+	assert.Equal(t, []byte{0x34, 0xed, 0x1, 0x71}, info.VarsigHeader)
+}
+
+func FuzzInspect(f *testing.F) {
+	data, err := os.ReadFile("testdata/example.dagcbor")
+	require.NoError(f, err)
+
+	f.Add(data)
+
+	f.Fuzz(func(t *testing.T, data []byte) {
+		node, err := ipld.Decode(data, dagcbor.Decode)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Skip()
+		}
+		_, err = envelope.Inspect(node)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Skip()
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func FuzzFindTag(f *testing.F) {
+	data, err := os.ReadFile("testdata/example.dagcbor")
+	require.NoError(f, err)
+
+	f.Add(data)
+
+	f.Fuzz(func(t *testing.T, data []byte) {
+		node, err := ipld.Decode(data, dagcbor.Decode)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Skip()
+		}
+		_, err = envelope.FindTag(node)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Skip()
+		}
+	})
+}

token/internal/varsig/varsig_test.go

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/libp2p/go-libp2p/core/crypto/pb"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/tokens/internal/varsig"
+	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/token/internal/varsig"
 )
 
 func TestDecode(t *testing.T) {

token/invocation/invocation.go

@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+// Package invocation implements the UCAN [invocation] specification with
+// an immutable Token type as well as methods to convert the Token to and
+// from the [envelope]-enclosed, signed and DAG-CBOR-encoded form that
+// should most commonly be used for transport and storage.
+//
+// [envelope]: https://github.com/ucan-wg/spec#envelope
+// [invocation]: https://github.com/ucan-wg/invocation
+package invocation
+
+import (
+	"crypto/rand"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/did"
+	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/pkg/command"
+	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/pkg/meta"
+)
+
+// Token is an immutable type that holds the fields of a UCAN invocation.
+type Token struct {
+	// Issuer DID (invoker)
+	issuer did.DID
+	// Audience DID (receiver/executor)
+	audience did.DID
+	// Subject DID (subject being invoked)
+	subject did.DID
+	// The Command to invoke
+	command command.Command
+	// TODO: args
+	// TODO: prf
+	// A unique, random nonce
+	nonce []byte
+	// Arbitrary Metadata
+	meta *meta.Meta
+	// The timestamp at which the Invocation becomes invalid
+	expiration *time.Time
+	// The timestamp at which the Invocation was created
+	invokedAt *time.Time
+	// TODO: cause
+}
+
+// Issuer returns the did.DID representing the Token's issuer.
+func (t *Token) Issuer() did.DID {
+	return t.issuer
+}
+
+// Audience returns the did.DID representing the Token's audience.
+func (t *Token) Audience() did.DID {
+	return t.audience
+}
+
+// Subject returns the did.DID representing the Token's subject.
+//
+// This field may be did.Undef for delegations that are [Powerlined] but
+// must be equal to the value returned by the Issuer method for root
+// tokens.
+func (t *Token) Subject() did.DID {
+	return t.subject
+}
+
+// Command returns the capability's command.Command.
+func (t *Token) Command() command.Command {
+	return t.command
+}
+
+// Nonce returns the random Nonce encapsulated in this Token.
+func (t *Token) Nonce() []byte {
+	return t.nonce
+}
+
+// Meta returns the Token's metadata.
+func (t *Token) Meta() *meta.Meta {
+	return t.meta
+}
+
+// Expiration returns the time at which the Token expires.
+func (t *Token) Expiration() *time.Time {
+	return t.expiration
+}
+
+func (t *Token) validate() error {
+	var errs error
+
+	requiredDID := func(id did.DID, fieldname string) {
+		if !id.Defined() {
+			errs = errors.Join(errs, fmt.Errorf(`a valid did is required for %s: %s`, fieldname, id.String()))
+		}
+	}
+
+	requiredDID(t.issuer, "Issuer")
+
+	// TODO
+
+	if len(t.nonce) < 12 {
+		errs = errors.Join(errs, fmt.Errorf("token nonce too small"))
+	}
+
+	return errs
+}
+
+// tokenFromModel build a decoded view of the raw IPLD data.
+// This function also serves as validation.
+func tokenFromModel(m tokenPayloadModel) (*Token, error) {
+	var (
+		tkn Token
+	)
+
+	// TODO
+
+	return &tkn, nil
+}
+
+// generateNonce creates a 12-byte random nonce.
+// TODO: some crypto scheme require more, is that our case?
+func generateNonce() ([]byte, error) {
+	res := make([]byte, 12)
+	_, err := rand.Read(res)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return res, nil
+}

token/invocation/invocation.ipldsch

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+type DID string
+
+# The Invocation Payload attaches sender, receiver, and provenance to the Task.
+type Payload struct {
+    # Issuer DID (sender)
+    iss DID
+    # Audience DID (receiver)
+    aud DID
+    # Principal that the chain is about (the Subject)
+    sub optional DID
+
+    # The Command to eventually invoke
+    cmd String
+
+    # A unique, random nonce
+    nonce Bytes
+
+    # Arbitrary Metadata
+    meta {String : Any}
+
+    # The timestamp at which the Invocation becomes invalid
+    exp nullable Int
+}

token/invocation/ipld.go

@@ -0,0 +1,222 @@
+package invocation
+
+import (
+	"io"
+
+	"github.com/ipfs/go-cid"
+	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime"
+	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/codec"
+	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/codec/dagcbor"
+	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/codec/dagjson"
+	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/datamodel"
+	"github.com/libp2p/go-libp2p/core/crypto"
+
+	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/did"
+	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/token/internal/envelope"
+)
+
+// ToSealed wraps the invocation token in an envelope, generates the
+// signature, encodes the result to DAG-CBOR and calculates the CID of
+// the resulting binary data.
+func (t *Token) ToSealed(privKey crypto.PrivKey) ([]byte, cid.Cid, error) {
+	data, err := t.ToDagCbor(privKey)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, cid.Undef, err
+	}
+
+	id, err := envelope.CIDFromBytes(data)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, cid.Undef, err
+	}
+
+	return data, id, nil
+}
+
+// ToSealedWriter is the same as ToSealed but accepts an io.Writer.
+func (t *Token) ToSealedWriter(w io.Writer, privKey crypto.PrivKey) (cid.Cid, error) {
+	cidWriter := envelope.NewCIDWriter(w)
+
+	if err := t.ToDagCborWriter(cidWriter, privKey); err != nil {
+		return cid.Undef, err
+	}
+
+	return cidWriter.CID()
+}
+
+// FromSealed decodes the provided binary data from the DAG-CBOR format,
+// verifies that the envelope's signature is correct based on the public
+// key taken from the issuer (iss) field and calculates the CID of the
+// incoming data.
+func FromSealed(data []byte) (*Token, cid.Cid, error) {
+	tkn, err := FromDagCbor(data)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, cid.Undef, err
+	}
+
+	id, err := envelope.CIDFromBytes(data)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, cid.Undef, err
+	}
+
+	return tkn, id, nil
+}
+
+// FromSealedReader is the same as Unseal but accepts an io.Reader.
+func FromSealedReader(r io.Reader) (*Token, cid.Cid, error) {
+	cidReader := envelope.NewCIDReader(r)
+
+	tkn, err := FromDagCborReader(cidReader)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, cid.Undef, err
+	}
+
+	id, err := cidReader.CID()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, cid.Undef, err
+	}
+
+	return tkn, id, nil
+}
+
+// Encode marshals a Token to the format specified by the provided
+// codec.Encoder.
+func (t *Token) Encode(privKey crypto.PrivKey, encFn codec.Encoder) ([]byte, error) {
+	node, err := t.toIPLD(privKey)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return ipld.Encode(node, encFn)
+}
+
+// EncodeWriter is the same as Encode, but accepts an io.Writer.
+func (t *Token) EncodeWriter(w io.Writer, privKey crypto.PrivKey, encFn codec.Encoder) error {
+	node, err := t.toIPLD(privKey)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return ipld.EncodeStreaming(w, node, encFn)
+}
+
+// ToDagCbor marshals the Token to the DAG-CBOR format.
+func (t *Token) ToDagCbor(privKey crypto.PrivKey) ([]byte, error) {
+	return t.Encode(privKey, dagcbor.Encode)
+}
+
+// ToDagCborWriter is the same as ToDagCbor, but it accepts an io.Writer.
+func (t *Token) ToDagCborWriter(w io.Writer, privKey crypto.PrivKey) error {
+	return t.EncodeWriter(w, privKey, dagcbor.Encode)
+}
+
+// ToDagJson marshals the Token to the DAG-JSON format.
+func (t *Token) ToDagJson(privKey crypto.PrivKey) ([]byte, error) {
+	return t.Encode(privKey, dagjson.Encode)
+}
+
+// ToDagJsonWriter is the same as ToDagJson, but it accepts an io.Writer.
+func (t *Token) ToDagJsonWriter(w io.Writer, privKey crypto.PrivKey) error {
+	return t.EncodeWriter(w, privKey, dagjson.Encode)
+}
+
+// Decode unmarshals the input data using the format specified by the
+// provided codec.Decoder into a Token.
+//
+// An error is returned if the conversion fails, or if the resulting
+// Token is invalid.
+func Decode(b []byte, decFn codec.Decoder) (*Token, error) {
+	node, err := ipld.Decode(b, decFn)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return FromIPLD(node)
+}
+
+// DecodeReader is the same as Decode, but accept an io.Reader.
+func DecodeReader(r io.Reader, decFn codec.Decoder) (*Token, error) {
+	node, err := ipld.DecodeStreaming(r, decFn)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return FromIPLD(node)
+}
+
+// FromDagCbor unmarshals the input data into a Token.
+//
+// An error is returned if the conversion fails, or if the resulting
+// Token is invalid.
+func FromDagCbor(data []byte) (*Token, error) {
+	pay, err := envelope.FromDagCbor[*tokenPayloadModel](data)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	tkn, err := tokenFromModel(*pay)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return tkn, err
+}
+
+// FromDagCborReader is the same as FromDagCbor, but accept an io.Reader.
+func FromDagCborReader(r io.Reader) (*Token, error) {
+	return DecodeReader(r, dagcbor.Decode)
+}
+
+// FromDagJson unmarshals the input data into a Token.
+//
+// An error is returned if the conversion fails, or if the resulting
+// Token is invalid.
+func FromDagJson(data []byte) (*Token, error) {
+	return Decode(data, dagjson.Decode)
+}
+
+// FromDagJsonReader is the same as FromDagJson, but accept an io.Reader.
+func FromDagJsonReader(r io.Reader) (*Token, error) {
+	return DecodeReader(r, dagjson.Decode)
+}
+
+// FromIPLD decode the given IPLD representation into a Token.
+func FromIPLD(node datamodel.Node) (*Token, error) {
+	pay, err := envelope.FromIPLD[*tokenPayloadModel](node)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	tkn, err := tokenFromModel(*pay)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return tkn, err
+}
+
+func (t *Token) toIPLD(privKey crypto.PrivKey) (datamodel.Node, error) {
+	var sub *string
+
+	if t.subject != did.Undef {
+		s := t.subject.String()
+		sub = &s
+	}
+
+	// TODO
+
+	var exp *int64
+	if t.expiration != nil {
+		u := t.expiration.Unix()
+		exp = &u
+	}
+
+	model := &tokenPayloadModel{
+		Iss:   t.issuer.String(),
+		Aud:   t.audience.String(),
+		Sub:   sub,
+		Cmd:   t.command.String(),
+		Nonce: t.nonce,
+		Meta:  *t.meta,
+		Exp:   exp,
+	}
+
+	return envelope.ToIPLD(privKey, model)
+}

token/invocation/schema.go

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+package invocation
+
+import (
+	_ "embed"
+	"fmt"
+	"sync"
+
+	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime"
+	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/node/bindnode"
+	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/schema"
+
+	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/pkg/meta"
+	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/token/internal/envelope"
+)
+
+// [Tag] is the string used as a key within the SigPayload that identifies
+// that the TokenPayload is an invocation.
+//
+// [Tag]: https://github.com/ucan-wg/invocation#type-tag
+const Tag = "ucan/inv@1.0.0-rc.1"
+
+//go:embed invocation.ipldsch
+var schemaBytes []byte
+
+var (
+	once sync.Once
+	ts   *schema.TypeSystem
+	err  error
+)
+
+func mustLoadSchema() *schema.TypeSystem {
+	once.Do(func() {
+		ts, err = ipld.LoadSchemaBytes(schemaBytes)
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(fmt.Errorf("failed to load IPLD schema: %s", err))
+	}
+	return ts
+}
+
+func payloadType() schema.Type {
+	return mustLoadSchema().TypeByName("Payload")
+}
+
+var _ envelope.Tokener = (*tokenPayloadModel)(nil)
+
+// TODO
+type tokenPayloadModel struct {
+	// Issuer DID (sender)
+	Iss string
+	// Audience DID (receiver)
+	Aud string
+	// Principal that the chain is about (the Subject)
+	// optional: can be nil
+	Sub *string
+
+	// The Command to eventually invoke
+	Cmd string
+
+	// A unique, random nonce
+	Nonce []byte
+
+	// Arbitrary Metadata
+	Meta meta.Meta
+
+	// The timestamp at which the Invocation becomes invalid
+	// optional: can be nil
+	Exp *int64
+}
+
+func (e *tokenPayloadModel) Prototype() schema.TypedPrototype {
+	return bindnode.Prototype((*tokenPayloadModel)(nil), payloadType())
+}
+
+func (*tokenPayloadModel) Tag() string {
+	return Tag
+}

token/read.go

@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+package token
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+
+	"github.com/ipfs/go-cid"
+	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime"
+	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/codec"
+	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/codec/dagcbor"
+	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/codec/dagjson"
+	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/datamodel"
+
+	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/token/delegation"
+	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/token/internal/envelope"
+	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/token/invocation"
+)
+
+// FromSealed decodes an arbitrary token type from the binary data,
+// verifies that the envelope's signature is correct based on the public
+// key taken from the issuer (iss) field and calculates the CID of the
+// incoming data.
+// Supported and returned types are:
+// - delegation.Token
+// - invocation.Token
+func FromSealed(data []byte) (Token, cid.Cid, error) {
+	tkn, err := FromDagCbor(data)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, cid.Undef, err
+	}
+
+	id, err := envelope.CIDFromBytes(data)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, cid.Undef, err
+	}
+
+	return tkn, id, nil
+}
+
+// FromSealedReader is the same as Unseal but accepts an io.Reader.
+func FromSealedReader(r io.Reader) (Token, cid.Cid, error) {
+	cidReader := envelope.NewCIDReader(r)
+
+	tkn, err := FromDagCborReader(cidReader)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, cid.Undef, err
+	}
+
+	id, err := cidReader.CID()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, cid.Undef, err
+	}
+
+	return tkn, id, nil
+}
+
+// Decode unmarshals the input data using the format specified by the
+// provided codec.Decoder into an arbitrary UCAN token.
+// An error is returned if the conversion fails, or if the resulting
+// Token is invalid.
+// Supported and returned types are:
+// - delegation.Token
+// - invocation.Token
+func Decode(b []byte, decFn codec.Decoder) (Token, error) {
+	node, err := ipld.Decode(b, decFn)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return fromIPLD(node)
+}
+
+// DecodeReader is the same as Decode, but accept an io.Reader.
+func DecodeReader(r io.Reader, decFn codec.Decoder) (Token, error) {
+	node, err := ipld.DecodeStreaming(r, decFn)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return fromIPLD(node)
+}
+
+// FromDagCbor unmarshals an arbitrary DagCbor encoded UCAN token.
+// An error is returned if the conversion fails, or if the resulting
+// Token is invalid.
+// Supported and returned types are:
+// - delegation.Token
+// - invocation.Token
+func FromDagCbor(b []byte) (Token, error) {
+	return Decode(b, dagcbor.Decode)
+}
+
+// FromDagCborReader is the same as FromDagCbor, but accept an io.Reader.
+func FromDagCborReader(r io.Reader) (Token, error) {
+	return DecodeReader(r, dagcbor.Decode)
+}
+
+// FromDagCbor unmarshals an arbitrary DagJson encoded UCAN token.
+// An error is returned if the conversion fails, or if the resulting
+// Token is invalid.
+// Supported and returned types are:
+// - delegation.Token
+// - invocation.Token
+func FromDagJson(b []byte) (Token, error) {
+	return Decode(b, dagjson.Decode)
+}
+
+// FromDagJsonReader is the same as FromDagJson, but accept an io.Reader.
+func FromDagJsonReader(r io.Reader) (Token, error) {
+	return DecodeReader(r, dagjson.Decode)
+}
+
+func fromIPLD(node datamodel.Node) (Token, error) {
+	tag, err := envelope.FindTag(node)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	switch tag {
+	case delegation.Tag:
+		return delegation.FromIPLD(node)
+	case invocation.Tag:
+		return invocation.FromIPLD(node)
+	default:
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf(`unknown tag "%s"`, tag)
+	}
+}