Merge branch 'v1' into v1-policy-subset-selection

versatile segments matchers
refactor policy.Match as receiver
2024-09-24 19:41:39 +02:00 · 2024-09-24 19:36:01 +02:00 · 2024-09-24 11:36:31 +02:00 · 2024-09-24 11:33:06 +02:00
123 changed files with 1843 additions and 9745 deletions
--- a/.github/workflows/bench.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/bench.yml
@@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
-name: go continuous benchmark
-on:
-  push:
-    branches:
-      - v1
-
-permissions:
-  contents: write
-  deployments: write
-
-jobs:
-  benchmark:
-    name: Run Go continuous benchmark
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-      - uses: actions/setup-go@v4
-        with:
-          go-version: "stable"
-      - name: Run benchmark
-        run: go test -v ./... -bench=. -run=xxx -benchmem | tee output.txt
-
-      - name: Store benchmark result
-        uses: benchmark-action/github-action-benchmark@v1
-        with:
-          name: Go Benchmark
-          tool: 'go'
-          output-file-path: output.txt
-          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          # Push and deploy GitHub pages branch automatically
-          auto-push: true
-          # Show alert with commit comment on detecting possible performance regression
-          alert-threshold: '200%'
-          comment-on-alert: true
--- a/.github/workflows/gotest.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/gotest.yml
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ jobs:
      fail-fast: false
      matrix:
        os: [ "ubuntu" ]
-        go: [ "1.22.x", "1.23.x", ]
+        go: [ "1.21.x", "1.22.x", "1.23.x", ]
    env:
      COVERAGES: ""
    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}-latest
@@ -22,6 +22,6 @@ jobs:
          go version
          go env
      - name: Run tests
-        run: go test -v ./... -tags jwx_es256k
+        run: go test -v ./...
      - name: Check formatted
        run: gofmt -l .
--- a/LICENSE.md
+++ b/LICENSE.md
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ Verbatim copies of both licenses are included below:
 ```
                                 Apache License
                           Version 2.0, January 2004
-                        https://www.apache.org/licenses/
+                        http://www.apache.org/licenses/

   TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION

--- a/Readme.md
+++ b/Readme.md
@@ -1,77 +0,0 @@
-<div align="center">
-  <a href="https://github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan" target="_blank">
-    <img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/v1/assets/logo.png" alt="go-ucan Logo" height="250"></img>
-  </a>
-
-  <h1 align="center">go-ucan</h1>
-
-  <p>
-    <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/UCAN-v1.0.0--rc.1-blue" alt="UCAN v1.0.0-rc.1">
-    <a href="https://github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/tags">
-        <img alt="GitHub Tag" src="https://img.shields.io/github/v/tag/ucan-wg/go-ucan">
-    </a>
-    <a href="https://github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/actions?query=">
-      <img src="https://github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/actions/workflows/gotest.yml/badge.svg" alt="Build Status">
-    </a>
-    <a href="https://ucan-wg.github.io/go-ucan/dev/bench/">
-        <img alt="Go benchmarks" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Benchmarks-go-blue">
-    </a>
-    <a href="https://github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/blob/v1/LICENSE.md">
-        <img alt="Apache 2.0 + MIT License" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/License-Apache--2.0+MIT-green">
-    </a>
-    <a href="https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan">
-      <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Docs-godoc-blue" alt="Docs">
-    </a>
-    <a href="https://discord.gg/JSyFG6XgVM">
-      <img src="https://img.shields.io/static/v1?label=Discord&message=join%20us!&color=mediumslateblue" alt="Discord">
-    </a>
-  </p>
-</div>
-
-This is a go library to help the next generation of web and decentralized applications make use
-of UCANs in their authorization flows.
-
-User Controlled Authorization Networks (UCANs) are a way of doing authorization where users are fully in control. OAuth is designed for a centralized world, UCAN is the distributed user controlled version.
-
-## Resources
-
-### Specifications
-
-The UCAN specification is separated in multiple sub-spec:
- [Main specification](https://github.com/ucan-wg/spec)
- [Delegation](https://github.com/ucan-wg/delegation/tree/v1_ipld)
- [Invocation](https://github.com/ucan-wg/invocation)
-
-Not implemented yet:
- [Revocation](https://github.com/ucan-wg/revocation/tree/first-draft)
- [Promise](https://github.com/ucan-wg/promise/tree/v1-rc1)
-
-### Talks
-
- [Decentralizing Auth, and UCAN Too - Brooklyn Zelenka (2023)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MuHfrqw9gQA)
- [What's New in UCAN 1.0 - Brooklyn Zelenka (2024)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-uohQzZcwF4)
-
-## Status
-
-`go-ucan` currently support the required parts of the UCAN specification: the main specification, delegation and invocation.
-
-Besides that, `go-ucan` also includes:
- a simplified [DID](https://www.w3.org/TR/did-core/) and [did-key](https://w3c-ccg.github.io/did-method-key/) implementation
- a [token container](https://github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/tree/v1/pkg/container) with CBOR and CAR format, to package and carry tokens together
- support for encrypted values in token's metadata
-
-## Getting Help
-
-For usage questions, usecases, or issues reach out to us in our `go-ucan`
-[Discord channel](https://discord.gg/3EHEQ6M8BC).
-
-We would be happy to try to answer your question or try opening a new issue on
-Github.
-
-## UCAN Gopher
-
-Artwork by [Bruno Monts](https://www.instagram.com/bruno_monts). Thank you [Renee French](http://reneefrench.blogspot.com/) for creating the [Go Gopher](https://blog.golang.org/gopher)
-
-## License
-
-This project is licensed under the double license [Apache 2.0 + MIT](https://github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/blob/v1/LICENSE.md).
--- a/assets/logo.png
+++ b/assets/logo.png
--- a/did/README.md
+++ b/did/README.md
@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-## did
-
-### Testing
-
-The test suite for this package includes test vectors provided by the
-authors of the [`did:key` method specification](https://w3c-ccg.github.io/did-method-key/).
-Some of these tests provide the public key associated with a `did:key`
-as JWKs and an extra (test-only) dependency has been added to unmarshal
-the JWK into a Go `struct`.  Support for the `secp256k1` encryption
-algorithm is experimental (but stable in my experience) and requires the
-addition of the following build tag to properly run:
-
-```
-// go:build jwx_es256k
-```
-
-WARNING: These tests will not run by default!
-
-To include these tests from the CLI, execute the following command:
-
-```
-go test -v ./did -tags jwx_es256k
-```
-
-It should also be possible to configure your IDE to run these tests.  For
-instance, in Codium, add the following JSON snippet to your local project
-configuration:
-
-```
-"go.testTags": "jwx_es256k",
-```
--- a/did/crypto.go
+++ b/did/crypto.go
@@ -1,171 +1,43 @@
 package did

 import (
-	"crypto/ecdsa"
-	"crypto/elliptic"
-	"crypto/rand"
-	"crypto/rsa"
-	"crypto/x509"
 	"errors"
-	"fmt"

-	"github.com/decred/dcrd/dcrec/secp256k1/v4"
 	crypto "github.com/libp2p/go-libp2p/core/crypto"
 	"github.com/libp2p/go-libp2p/core/crypto/pb"
 	"github.com/multiformats/go-multicodec"
 	"github.com/multiformats/go-varint"
 )

-// GenerateEd25519 generates an Ed25519 private key and the matching DID.
-// This is the RECOMMENDED algorithm.
-func GenerateEd25519() (crypto.PrivKey, DID, error) {
-	priv, pub, err := crypto.GenerateEd25519Key(rand.Reader)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, Undef, nil
-	}
-	did, err := FromPubKey(pub)
-	return priv, did, err
-}
-
-// GenerateRSA generates a RSA private key and the matching DID.
-func GenerateRSA() (crypto.PrivKey, DID, error) {
-	// NIST Special Publication 800-57 Part 1 Revision 5
-	// Section 5.6.1.1 (Table 2)
-	// Paraphrased: 2048-bit RSA keys are secure until 2030 and 3072-bit keys are recommended for longer-term security.
-	const keyLength = 3072
-
-	priv, pub, err := crypto.GenerateRSAKeyPair(keyLength, rand.Reader)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, Undef, nil
-	}
-	did, err := FromPubKey(pub)
-	return priv, did, err
-}
-
-// GenerateEd25519 generates a Secp256k1 private key and the matching DID.
-func GenerateSecp256k1() (crypto.PrivKey, DID, error) {
-	priv, pub, err := crypto.GenerateSecp256k1Key(rand.Reader)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, Undef, nil
-	}
-	did, err := FromPubKey(pub)
-	return priv, did, err
-}
-
-// GenerateECDSA generates an ECDSA private key and the matching DID
-// for the default P256 curve.
-func GenerateECDSA() (crypto.PrivKey, DID, error) {
-	return GenerateECDSAWithCurve(P256)
-}
-
-// GenerateECDSAWithCurve generates an ECDSA private key and matching
-// DID for the user-supplied curve
-func GenerateECDSAWithCurve(code multicodec.Code) (crypto.PrivKey, DID, error) {
-	var curve elliptic.Curve
-
-	switch code {
-	case P256:
-		curve = elliptic.P256()
-	case P384:
-		curve = elliptic.P384()
-	case P521:
-		curve = elliptic.P521()
-	default:
-		return nil, Undef, errors.New("unsupported ECDSA curve")
-	}
-
-	priv, pub, err := crypto.GenerateECDSAKeyPairWithCurve(curve, rand.Reader)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, Undef, err
-	}
-
-	did, err := FromPubKey(pub)
-
-	return priv, did, err
-}
-
-// FromPrivKey is a convenience function that returns the DID associated
-// with the public key associated with the provided private key.
 func FromPrivKey(privKey crypto.PrivKey) (DID, error) {
 	return FromPubKey(privKey.GetPublic())
 }

-// FromPubKey returns a did:key constructed from the provided public key.
 func FromPubKey(pubKey crypto.PubKey) (DID, error) {
-	var code multicodec.Code
-
-	switch pubKey.Type() {
-	case pb.KeyType_Ed25519:
-		code = multicodec.Ed25519Pub
-	case pb.KeyType_RSA:
-		code = RSA
-	case pb.KeyType_Secp256k1:
-		code = Secp256k1
-	case pb.KeyType_ECDSA:
-		var err error
-		if code, err = codeForCurve(pubKey); err != nil {
-			return Undef, err
-		}
-	default:
-		return Undef, errors.New("unsupported key type")
+	code, ok := map[pb.KeyType]multicodec.Code{
+		pb.KeyType_Ed25519:   multicodec.Ed25519Pub,
+		pb.KeyType_RSA:       multicodec.RsaPub,
+		pb.KeyType_Secp256k1: multicodec.Secp256k1Pub,
+		pb.KeyType_ECDSA:     multicodec.Es256,
+	}[pubKey.Type()]
+	if !ok {
+		return Undef, errors.New("Blah")
 	}

-	if pubKey.Type() == pb.KeyType_ECDSA && code == Secp256k1 {
-		var err error
+	buf := varint.ToUvarint(uint64(code))

-		pubKey, err = coerceECDSAToSecp256k1(pubKey)
-		if err != nil {
-			return Undef, err
-		}
-	}
-
-	var bytes []byte
-
-	switch pubKey.Type() {
-	case pb.KeyType_ECDSA:
-		pkix, err := pubKey.Raw()
-		if err != nil {
-			return Undef, err
-		}
-
-		publicKey, err := x509.ParsePKIXPublicKey(pkix)
-		if err != nil {
-			return Undef, err
-		}
-
-		ecdsaPublicKey := publicKey.(*ecdsa.PublicKey)
-
-		bytes = elliptic.MarshalCompressed(ecdsaPublicKey.Curve, ecdsaPublicKey.X, ecdsaPublicKey.Y)
-	case pb.KeyType_Ed25519, pb.KeyType_Secp256k1:
-		var err error
-
-		if bytes, err = pubKey.Raw(); err != nil {
-			return Undef, err
-		}
-	case pb.KeyType_RSA:
-		var err error
-
-		pkix, err := pubKey.Raw()
-		if err != nil {
-			return Undef, err
-		}
-
-		publicKey, err := x509.ParsePKIXPublicKey(pkix)
-		if err != nil {
-			return Undef, err
-		}
-
-		bytes = x509.MarshalPKCS1PublicKey(publicKey.(*rsa.PublicKey))
+	pubBytes, err := pubKey.Raw()
+	if err != nil {
+		return Undef, err
 	}

 	return DID{
-		code:  code,
-		bytes: string(append(varint.ToUvarint(uint64(code)), bytes...)),
+		str:  string(append(buf, pubBytes...)),
+		code: uint64(code),
+		key:  true,
 	}, nil
 }

-// ToPubKey returns the crypto.PubKey encapsulated in the DID formed by
-// parsing the provided string.
 func ToPubKey(s string) (crypto.PubKey, error) {
 	id, err := Parse(s)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -174,58 +46,3 @@ func ToPubKey(s string) (crypto.PubKey, error) {

 	return id.PubKey()
 }
-
-func codeForCurve(pubKey crypto.PubKey) (multicodec.Code, error) {
-	stdPub, err := crypto.PubKeyToStdKey(pubKey)
-	if err != nil {
-		return multicodec.Identity, err
-	}
-
-	ecdsaPub, ok := stdPub.(*ecdsa.PublicKey)
-	if !ok {
-		return multicodec.Identity, errors.New("failed to assert type for code to curve")
-	}
-
-	switch ecdsaPub.Curve {
-	case elliptic.P256():
-		return P256, nil
-	case elliptic.P384():
-		return P384, nil
-	case elliptic.P521():
-		return P521, nil
-	case secp256k1.S256():
-		return Secp256k1, nil
-	default:
-		return multicodec.Identity, fmt.Errorf("unsupported ECDSA curve: %s", ecdsaPub.Curve.Params().Name)
-	}
-}
-
-// secp256k1.S256 is a valid ECDSA curve, but the go-libp2p/core/crypto
-// package treats it as a different type and has a different format for
-// the raw bytes of the public key.
-//
-// If a valid ECDSA public key was created using the secp256k1.S256 curve,
-// this function will "convert" it from a crypto.ECDSAPubKey to a
-// crypto.Secp256k1PublicKey.
-func coerceECDSAToSecp256k1(pubKey crypto.PubKey) (crypto.PubKey, error) {
-	stdPub, err := crypto.PubKeyToStdKey(pubKey)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	ecdsaPub, ok := stdPub.(*ecdsa.PublicKey)
-	if !ok {
-		return nil, errors.New("failed to assert type for secp256k1 coersion")
-	}
-
-	ecdsaPubBytes := append([]byte{0x04}, append(ecdsaPub.X.Bytes(), ecdsaPub.Y.Bytes()...)...)
-
-	secp256k1Pub, err := secp256k1.ParsePubKey(ecdsaPubBytes)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	cryptoPub := crypto.Secp256k1PublicKey(*secp256k1Pub)
-
-	return &cryptoPub, nil
-}
--- a/did/crypto_test.go
+++ b/did/crypto_test.go
@@ -1,17 +1,10 @@
 package did_test

 import (
-	"crypto/elliptic"
-	"crypto/rand"
 	"testing"

-	"github.com/decred/dcrd/dcrec/secp256k1/v4"
 	"github.com/libp2p/go-libp2p/core/crypto"
-	"github.com/libp2p/go-libp2p/core/crypto/pb"
-	"github.com/multiformats/go-multicodec"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
-
 	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/did"
 )

@@ -23,59 +16,9 @@ const (
 func TestFromPubKey(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()

-	_, ecdsaP256, err := crypto.GenerateECDSAKeyPairWithCurve(elliptic.P256(), rand.Reader)
+	id, err := did.FromPubKey(examplePubKey(t))
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	_, ecdsaP384, err := crypto.GenerateECDSAKeyPairWithCurve(elliptic.P384(), rand.Reader)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	_, ecdsaP521, err := crypto.GenerateECDSAKeyPairWithCurve(elliptic.P521(), rand.Reader)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	_, ecdsaSecp256k1, err := crypto.GenerateECDSAKeyPairWithCurve(secp256k1.S256(), rand.Reader)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	_, ed25519, err := crypto.GenerateEd25519Key(rand.Reader)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	_, rsa, err := crypto.GenerateRSAKeyPair(2048, rand.Reader)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	_, secp256k1PubKey1, err := crypto.GenerateSecp256k1Key(rand.Reader)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	test := func(pub crypto.PubKey, code multicodec.Code) func(t *testing.T) {
-		t.Helper()
-
-		return func(t *testing.T) {
-			t.Parallel()
-
-			id, err := did.FromPubKey(pub)
-			require.NoError(t, err)
-			p, err := id.PubKey()
-			require.NoError(t, err)
-			assert.Equal(t, pub, p)
-		}
-	}
-
-	t.Run("ECDSA with P256 curve", test(ecdsaP256, did.P256))
-	t.Run("ECDSA with P384 curve", test(ecdsaP384, did.P384))
-	t.Run("ECDSA with P521 curve", test(ecdsaP521, did.P521))
-	t.Run("Ed25519", test(ed25519, did.Ed25519))
-	t.Run("RSA", test(rsa, did.RSA))
-	t.Run("secp256k1", test(secp256k1PubKey1, did.Secp256k1))
-
-	t.Run("ECDSA with secp256k1 curve (coerced)", func(t *testing.T) {
-		t.Parallel()
-
-		id, err := did.FromPubKey(ecdsaSecp256k1)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		p, err := id.PubKey()
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.Equal(t, pb.KeyType_Secp256k1, p.Type())
-	})
-
-	t.Run("unmarshaled example key (secp256k1)", func(t *testing.T) {
-		t.Parallel()
-
-		id, err := did.FromPubKey(examplePubKey(t))
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.Equal(t, exampleDID(t), id)
-	})
+	require.Equal(t, exampleDID(t), id)
 }

 func TestToPubKey(t *testing.T) {
--- a/did/did.go
+++ b/did/did.go
@@ -1,9 +1,6 @@
 package did

 import (
-	"crypto/ecdsa"
-	"crypto/elliptic"
-	"crypto/x509"
 	"fmt"
 	"strings"

@@ -13,128 +10,109 @@ import (
 	varint "github.com/multiformats/go-varint"
 )

-// Signature algorithms from the [did:key specification]
+const Prefix = "did:"
+const KeyPrefix = "did:key:"
+
+const DIDCore = 0x0d1d
+const Ed25519 = 0xed
+const RSA = uint64(multicodec.RsaPub)
+
+var MethodOffset = varint.UvarintSize(uint64(DIDCore))
+
 //
-// [did:key specification]: https://w3c-ccg.github.io/did-method-key/#signature-method-creation-algorithm
-const (
-	X25519    = multicodec.X25519Pub
-	Ed25519   = multicodec.Ed25519Pub // UCAN required/recommended
-	P256      = multicodec.P256Pub    // UCAN required
-	P384      = multicodec.P384Pub
-	P521      = multicodec.P521Pub
-	Secp256k1 = multicodec.Secp256k1Pub // UCAN required
-	RSA       = multicodec.RsaPub
-)
+// [did:key format]: https://w3c-ccg.github.io/did-method-key/
+type DID struct {
+	key  bool
+	code uint64
+	str  string
+}

 // Undef can be used to represent a nil or undefined DID, using DID{}
 // directly is also acceptable.
 var Undef = DID{}

-// DID is a Decentralized Identifier of the did:key type, directly holding a cryptographic public key.
-// [did:key format]: https://w3c-ccg.github.io/did-method-key/
-type DID struct {
-	code  multicodec.Code
-	bytes string // as string instead of []byte to allow the == operator
-}
-
-// Parse returns the DID from the string representation or an error if
-// the prefix and method are incorrect, if an unknown encryption algorithm
-// is specified or if the method-specific-identifier's bytes don't
-// represent a public key for the specified encryption algorithm.
-func Parse(str string) (DID, error) {
-	const keyPrefix = "did:key:"
-
-	if !strings.HasPrefix(str, keyPrefix) {
-		return Undef, fmt.Errorf("must start with 'did:key'")
-	}
-
-	baseCodec, bytes, err := mbase.Decode(str[len(keyPrefix):])
-	if err != nil {
-		return Undef, err
-	}
-	if baseCodec != mbase.Base58BTC {
-		return Undef, fmt.Errorf("not Base58BTC encoded")
-	}
-	code, _, err := varint.FromUvarint(bytes)
-	if err != nil {
-		return Undef, err
-	}
-	switch multicodec.Code(code) {
-	case Ed25519, P256, Secp256k1, RSA:
-		return DID{bytes: string(bytes), code: multicodec.Code(code)}, nil
-	default:
-		return Undef, fmt.Errorf("unsupported did:key multicodec: 0x%x", code)
-	}
-}
-
-// MustParse is like Parse but panics instead of returning an error.
-func MustParse(str string) DID {
-	did, err := Parse(str)
-	if err != nil {
-		panic(err)
-	}
-	return did
-}
-
-// Defined tells if the DID is defined, not equal to Undef.
 func (d DID) Defined() bool {
-	return d.code != 0 || len(d.bytes) > 0
+	return d.str != ""
+}
+
+func (d DID) Bytes() []byte {
+	if !d.Defined() {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return []byte(d.str)
+}
+
+func (d DID) Code() uint64 {
+	return d.code
+}
+
+func (d DID) DID() DID {
+	return d
+}
+
+func (d DID) Key() bool {
+	return d.key
 }

-// PubKey returns the public key encapsulated by the did:key.
 func (d DID) PubKey() (crypto.PubKey, error) {
+	if !d.key {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unsupported did type: %s", d.String())
+	}
+
 	unmarshaler, ok := map[multicodec.Code]crypto.PubKeyUnmarshaller{
-		X25519:    crypto.UnmarshalEd25519PublicKey,
-		Ed25519:   crypto.UnmarshalEd25519PublicKey,
-		P256:      ecdsaPubKeyUnmarshaler(elliptic.P256()),
-		P384:      ecdsaPubKeyUnmarshaler(elliptic.P384()),
-		P521:      ecdsaPubKeyUnmarshaler(elliptic.P521()),
-		Secp256k1: crypto.UnmarshalSecp256k1PublicKey,
-		RSA:       rsaPubKeyUnmarshaller,
-	}[d.code]
+		multicodec.Ed25519Pub:   crypto.UnmarshalEd25519PublicKey,
+		multicodec.RsaPub:       crypto.UnmarshalRsaPublicKey,
+		multicodec.Secp256k1Pub: crypto.UnmarshalSecp256k1PublicKey,
+		multicodec.Es256:        crypto.UnmarshalECDSAPublicKey,
+	}[multicodec.Code(d.code)]
 	if !ok {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unsupported multicodec: %d", d.code)
 	}

-	codeSize := varint.UvarintSize(uint64(d.code))
-	return unmarshaler([]byte(d.bytes)[codeSize:])
+	return unmarshaler(d.Bytes()[varint.UvarintSize(d.code):])
 }

 // String formats the decentralized identity document (DID) as a string.
 func (d DID) String() string {
-	key, _ := mbase.Encode(mbase.Base58BTC, []byte(d.bytes))
-	return "did:key:" + key
+	if d.key {
+		key, _ := mbase.Encode(mbase.Base58BTC, []byte(d.str))
+		return "did:key:" + key
+	}
+	return "did:" + d.str[MethodOffset:]
 }

-func ecdsaPubKeyUnmarshaler(curve elliptic.Curve) crypto.PubKeyUnmarshaller {
-	return func(data []byte) (crypto.PubKey, error) {
-		x, y := elliptic.UnmarshalCompressed(curve, data)
+func Decode(bytes []byte) (DID, error) {
+	code, _, err := varint.FromUvarint(bytes)
+	if err != nil {
+		return Undef, err
+	}
+	if code == Ed25519 || code == RSA {
+		return DID{str: string(bytes), code: code, key: true}, nil
+	} else if code == DIDCore {
+		return DID{str: string(bytes)}, nil
+	}
+	return Undef, fmt.Errorf("unsupported DID encoding: 0x%x", code)
+}

-		ecdsaPublicKey := &ecdsa.PublicKey{
-			Curve: curve,
-			X:     x,
-			Y:     y,
-		}
+func Parse(str string) (DID, error) {
+	if !strings.HasPrefix(str, Prefix) {
+		return Undef, fmt.Errorf("must start with 'did:'")
+	}

-		pkix, err := x509.MarshalPKIXPublicKey(ecdsaPublicKey)
+	if strings.HasPrefix(str, KeyPrefix) {
+		code, bytes, err := mbase.Decode(str[len(KeyPrefix):])
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
+			return Undef, err
 		}
-
-		return crypto.UnmarshalECDSAPublicKey(pkix)
+		if code != mbase.Base58BTC {
+			return Undef, fmt.Errorf("not Base58BTC encoded")
+		}
+		return Decode(bytes)
 	}
-}
-
-func rsaPubKeyUnmarshaller(data []byte) (crypto.PubKey, error) {
-	rsaPublicKey, err := x509.ParsePKCS1PublicKey(data)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	pkix, err := x509.MarshalPKIXPublicKey(rsaPublicKey)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	return crypto.UnmarshalRsaPublicKey(pkix)
+
+	buf := make([]byte, MethodOffset)
+	varint.PutUvarint(buf, DIDCore)
+	suffix, _ := strings.CutPrefix(str, Prefix)
+	buf = append(buf, suffix...)
+	return DID{str: string(buf), code: DIDCore}, nil
 }
--- a/did/did_test.go
+++ b/did/did_test.go
@@ -2,40 +2,78 @@ package did

 import (
 	"testing"
-
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )

 func TestParseDIDKey(t *testing.T) {
 	str := "did:key:z6Mkod5Jr3yd5SC7UDueqK4dAAw5xYJYjksy722tA9Boxc4z"
 	d, err := Parse(str)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.Equal(t, str, d.String())
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("%v", err)
+	}
+	if d.String() != str {
+		t.Fatalf("expected %v to equal %v", d.String(), str)
+	}
 }

-func TestMustParseDIDKey(t *testing.T) {
+func TestDecodeDIDKey(t *testing.T) {
 	str := "did:key:z6Mkod5Jr3yd5SC7UDueqK4dAAw5xYJYjksy722tA9Boxc4z"
-	require.NotPanics(t, func() {
-		d := MustParse(str)
-		require.Equal(t, str, d.String())
-	})
-	str = "did:key:z7Mkod5Jr3yd5SC7UDueqK4dAAw5xYJYjksy722tA9Boxc4z"
-	require.Panics(t, func() {
-		MustParse(str)
-	})
+	d0, err := Parse(str)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("%v", err)
+	}
+	d1, err := Decode(d0.Bytes())
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("%v", err)
+	}
+	if d1.String() != str {
+		t.Fatalf("expected %v to equal %v", d1.String(), str)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestParseDIDWeb(t *testing.T) {
+	str := "did:web:up.web3.storage"
+	d, err := Parse(str)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("%v", err)
+	}
+	if d.String() != str {
+		t.Fatalf("expected %v to equal %v", d.String(), str)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDecodeDIDWeb(t *testing.T) {
+	str := "did:web:up.web3.storage"
+	d0, err := Parse(str)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("%v", err)
+	}
+	d1, err := Decode(d0.Bytes())
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("%v", err)
+	}
+	if d1.String() != str {
+		t.Fatalf("expected %v to equal %v", d1.String(), str)
+	}
 }

 func TestEquivalence(t *testing.T) {
-	undef0 := DID{}
-	undef1 := Undef
+	u0 := DID{}
+	u1 := Undef
+	if u0 != u1 {
+		t.Fatalf("undef DID not equivalent")
+	}

-	did0, err := Parse("did:key:z6Mkod5Jr3yd5SC7UDueqK4dAAw5xYJYjksy722tA9Boxc4z")
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	did1, err := Parse("did:key:z6Mkod5Jr3yd5SC7UDueqK4dAAw5xYJYjksy722tA9Boxc4z")
-	require.NoError(t, err)
+	d0, err := Parse("did:key:z6Mkod5Jr3yd5SC7UDueqK4dAAw5xYJYjksy722tA9Boxc4z")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("%v", err)
+	}

-	require.True(t, undef0 == undef1)
-	require.False(t, undef0 == did0)
-	require.True(t, did0 == did1)
-	require.False(t, undef1 == did1)
+	d1, err := Parse("did:key:z6Mkod5Jr3yd5SC7UDueqK4dAAw5xYJYjksy722tA9Boxc4z")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("%v", err)
+	}
+
+	if d0 != d1 {
+		t.Fatalf("two equivalent DID not equivalent")
+	}
 }
--- a/did/didtest/crypto.go
+++ b/did/didtest/crypto.go
@@ -1,127 +0,0 @@
-// Package didtest provides Personas that can be used for testing.  Each
-// Persona has a name, crypto.PrivKey and associated crypto.PubKey and
-// did.DID.
-package didtest
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"testing"
-
-	"github.com/libp2p/go-libp2p/core/crypto"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
-
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/did"
-)
-
-const (
-	alicePrivKeyB64 = "CAESQHdNJLBBiuc1AdwPHBkubB2KS1p0cv2JEF7m8tfwtrcm5ajaYPm+XmVCmtcHOF2lGDlmaiDA7emfwD3IrcyES0M="
-	bobPrivKeyB64   = "CAESQHBz+AIop1g+9iBDj+ufUc/zm9/ry7c6kDFO8Wl/D0+H63V9hC6s9l4npf3pYEFCjBtlR0AMNWMoFQKSlYNKo20="
-	carolPrivKeyB64 = "CAESQPrCgkcHnYFXDT9AlAydhPECBEivEuuVx9dJxLjVvDTmJIVNivfzg6H4mAiPfYS+5ryVVUZTHZBzvMuvvvG/Ks0="
-	danPrivKeyB64   = "CAESQCgNhzofKhC+7hW6x+fNd7iMPtQHeEmKRhhlduf/I7/TeOEFYAEflbJ0sAhMeDJ/HQXaAvsWgHEbJ3ZLhP8q2B0="
-	erinPrivKeyB64  = "CAESQKhCJo5UBpQcthko8DKMFsbdZ+qqQ5oc01CtLCqrE90dF2GfRlrMmot3WPHiHGCmEYi5ZMEHuiSI095e/6O4Bpw="
-	frankPrivKeyB64 = "CAESQDlXPKsy3jHh7OWTWQqyZF95Ueac5DKo7xD0NOBE5F2BNr1ZVxRmJ2dBELbOt8KP9sOACcO9qlCB7uMA1UQc7sk="
-)
-
-// Persona is a generic participant used for cryptographic testing.
-type Persona int
-
-// The provided Personas were selected from the first few generic
-// participants listed in this [table].
-//
-// [table]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alice_and_Bob#Cryptographic_systems
-const (
-	PersonaAlice Persona = iota
-	PersonaBob
-	PersonaCarol
-	PersonaDan
-	PersonaErin
-	PersonaFrank
-)
-
-var privKeys map[Persona]crypto.PrivKey
-
-func init() {
-	privKeys = make(map[Persona]crypto.PrivKey, 6)
-	for persona, privKeyCfg := range privKeyB64() {
-		privKeyMar, err := crypto.ConfigDecodeKey(privKeyCfg)
-		if err != nil {
-			return
-		}
-
-		privKey, err := crypto.UnmarshalPrivateKey(privKeyMar)
-		if err != nil {
-			return
-		}
-
-		privKeys[persona] = privKey
-	}
-}
-
-// DID returns a did.DID based on the Persona's Ed25519 public key.
-func (p Persona) DID() did.DID {
-	d, err := did.FromPrivKey(p.PrivKey())
-	if err != nil {
-		panic(err)
-	}
-	return d
-}
-
-// Name returns the username of the Persona.
-func (p Persona) Name() string {
-	name, ok := map[Persona]string{
-		PersonaAlice: "Alice",
-		PersonaBob:   "Bob",
-		PersonaCarol: "Carol",
-		PersonaDan:   "Dan",
-		PersonaErin:  "Erin",
-		PersonaFrank: "Frank",
-	}[p]
-	if !ok {
-		panic(fmt.Sprintf("Unknown persona: %v", p))
-	}
-
-	return name
-}
-
-// PrivKey returns the Ed25519 private key for the Persona.
-func (p Persona) PrivKey() crypto.PrivKey {
-	return privKeys[p]
-}
-
-// PubKey returns the Ed25519 public key for the Persona.
-func (p Persona) PubKey() crypto.PubKey {
-	return p.PrivKey().GetPublic()
-}
-
-// PubKeyConfig returns the marshaled and encoded Ed25519 public key
-// for the Persona.
-func (p Persona) PubKeyConfig(t *testing.T) string {
-	pubKeyMar, err := crypto.MarshalPublicKey(p.PrivKey().GetPublic())
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	return crypto.ConfigEncodeKey(pubKeyMar)
-}
-
-func privKeyB64() map[Persona]string {
-	return map[Persona]string{
-		PersonaAlice: alicePrivKeyB64,
-		PersonaBob:   bobPrivKeyB64,
-		PersonaCarol: carolPrivKeyB64,
-		PersonaDan:   danPrivKeyB64,
-		PersonaErin:  erinPrivKeyB64,
-		PersonaFrank: frankPrivKeyB64,
-	}
-}
-
-// Personas returns an (alphabetically) ordered list of the defined
-// Persona values.
-func Personas() []Persona {
-	return []Persona{
-		PersonaAlice,
-		PersonaBob,
-		PersonaCarol,
-		PersonaDan,
-		PersonaErin,
-		PersonaFrank,
-	}
-}
--- a/did/key_spec_test.go
+++ b/did/key_spec_test.go
@@ -1,82 +0,0 @@
-//go:build jwx_es256k
-
-package did_test
-
-import (
-	"encoding/json"
-	"os"
-	"path/filepath"
-	"testing"
-
-	"github.com/libp2p/go-libp2p/core/crypto"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
-
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/did"
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/did/testvectors"
-)
-
-// TestDidKeyVectors executes tests read from the [test vector files] provided
-// as part of the DID Key method's [specification].
-//
-// [test vector files]: https://github.com/w3c-ccg/did-method-key/tree/main/test-vectors
-// [specification]: https://w3c-ccg.github.io/did-method-key
-func TestDidKeyVectors(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	for _, f := range []string{
-		// TODO: These test vectors are not supported by go-libp2p/core/crypto
-		// "bls12381.json",
-		"ed25519-x25519.json",
-		"nist-curves.json",
-		"rsa.json",
-		"secp256k1.json",
-		// This test vector only contains a DID Document
-		// "x25519.json",
-	} {
-		vectors := loadTestVectors(t, f)
-
-		t.Run(f, func(t *testing.T) {
-			t.Parallel()
-
-			for k, vector := range vectors {
-				t.Run(k, func(t *testing.T) {
-					// round-trip pubkey-->did-->pubkey, verified against the test vectors.
-
-					exp := vectorPubKey(t, vector)
-
-					id, err := did.FromPubKey(exp)
-					require.NoError(t, err, f, k)
-					act, err := id.PubKey()
-					require.NoError(t, err)
-
-					assert.Equal(t, k, id.String(), f, k)
-					assert.Equal(t, exp, act)
-				})
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-func loadTestVectors(t *testing.T, filename string) testvectors.Vectors {
-	t.Helper()
-
-	data, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join("testvectors", filename))
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	var vs testvectors.Vectors
-
-	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(data, &vs))
-
-	return vs
-}
-
-func vectorPubKey(t *testing.T, v testvectors.Vector) crypto.PubKey {
-	t.Helper()
-
-	pubKey, err := v.PubKey()
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NotZero(t, pubKey)
-
-	return pubKey
-}
--- a/did/testvectors/bls12381.json
+++ b/did/testvectors/bls12381.json
@@ -1,231 +0,0 @@
-{
-  "did:key:zUC7K4ndUaGZgV7Cp2yJy6JtMoUHY6u7tkcSYUvPrEidqBmLCTLmi6d5WvwnUqejscAkERJ3bfjEiSYtdPkRSE8kSa11hFBr4sTgnbZ95SJj19PN2jdvJjyzpSZgxkyyxNnBNnY": {
-    "verificationKeyPair": {
-      "id": "#zUC7K4ndUaGZgV7Cp2yJy6JtMoUHY6u7tkcSYUvPrEidqBmLCTLmi6d5WvwnUqejscAkERJ3bfjEiSYtdPkRSE8kSa11hFBr4sTgnbZ95SJj19PN2jdvJjyzpSZgxkyyxNnBNnY",
-      "type": "Bls12381G2Key2020",
-      "controller": "did:key:zUC7K4ndUaGZgV7Cp2yJy6JtMoUHY6u7tkcSYUvPrEidqBmLCTLmi6d5WvwnUqejscAkERJ3bfjEiSYtdPkRSE8kSa11hFBr4sTgnbZ95SJj19PN2jdvJjyzpSZgxkyyxNnBNnY",
-      "publicKeyBase58": "25EEkQtcLKsEzQ6JTo9cg4W7NHpaurn4Wg6LaNPFq6JQXnrP91SDviUz7KrJVMJd76CtAZFsRLYzvgX2JGxo2ccUHtuHk7ELCWwrkBDfrXCFVfqJKDootee9iVaF6NpdJtBE",
-      "privateKeyBase58": "8TXrPTbhefHvcz2vkGsDLBZT2UMeemveLKbdh5JZCvvn"
-    },
-    "didDocument": {
-      "@context": [
-        "https://www.w3.org/ns/did/v1",
-        "https://w3id.org/security/suites/bls12381-2020/v1"
-      ],
-      "id": "did:key:zUC7K4ndUaGZgV7Cp2yJy6JtMoUHY6u7tkcSYUvPrEidqBmLCTLmi6d5WvwnUqejscAkERJ3bfjEiSYtdPkRSE8kSa11hFBr4sTgnbZ95SJj19PN2jdvJjyzpSZgxkyyxNnBNnY",
-      "verificationMethod": [
-        {
-          "id": "did:key:zUC7K4ndUaGZgV7Cp2yJy6JtMoUHY6u7tkcSYUvPrEidqBmLCTLmi6d5WvwnUqejscAkERJ3bfjEiSYtdPkRSE8kSa11hFBr4sTgnbZ95SJj19PN2jdvJjyzpSZgxkyyxNnBNnY#zUC7K4ndUaGZgV7Cp2yJy6JtMoUHY6u7tkcSYUvPrEidqBmLCTLmi6d5WvwnUqejscAkERJ3bfjEiSYtdPkRSE8kSa11hFBr4sTgnbZ95SJj19PN2jdvJjyzpSZgxkyyxNnBNnY",
-          "type": "Bls12381G2Key2020",
-          "controller": "did:key:zUC7K4ndUaGZgV7Cp2yJy6JtMoUHY6u7tkcSYUvPrEidqBmLCTLmi6d5WvwnUqejscAkERJ3bfjEiSYtdPkRSE8kSa11hFBr4sTgnbZ95SJj19PN2jdvJjyzpSZgxkyyxNnBNnY",
-          "publicKeyBase58": "25EEkQtcLKsEzQ6JTo9cg4W7NHpaurn4Wg6LaNPFq6JQXnrP91SDviUz7KrJVMJd76CtAZFsRLYzvgX2JGxo2ccUHtuHk7ELCWwrkBDfrXCFVfqJKDootee9iVaF6NpdJtBE"
-        }
-      ],
-      "assertionMethod": [
-        "did:key:zUC7K4ndUaGZgV7Cp2yJy6JtMoUHY6u7tkcSYUvPrEidqBmLCTLmi6d5WvwnUqejscAkERJ3bfjEiSYtdPkRSE8kSa11hFBr4sTgnbZ95SJj19PN2jdvJjyzpSZgxkyyxNnBNnY#zUC7K4ndUaGZgV7Cp2yJy6JtMoUHY6u7tkcSYUvPrEidqBmLCTLmi6d5WvwnUqejscAkERJ3bfjEiSYtdPkRSE8kSa11hFBr4sTgnbZ95SJj19PN2jdvJjyzpSZgxkyyxNnBNnY"
-      ],
-      "authentication": [
-        "did:key:zUC7K4ndUaGZgV7Cp2yJy6JtMoUHY6u7tkcSYUvPrEidqBmLCTLmi6d5WvwnUqejscAkERJ3bfjEiSYtdPkRSE8kSa11hFBr4sTgnbZ95SJj19PN2jdvJjyzpSZgxkyyxNnBNnY#zUC7K4ndUaGZgV7Cp2yJy6JtMoUHY6u7tkcSYUvPrEidqBmLCTLmi6d5WvwnUqejscAkERJ3bfjEiSYtdPkRSE8kSa11hFBr4sTgnbZ95SJj19PN2jdvJjyzpSZgxkyyxNnBNnY"
-      ],
-      "capabilityInvocation": [
-        "did:key:zUC7K4ndUaGZgV7Cp2yJy6JtMoUHY6u7tkcSYUvPrEidqBmLCTLmi6d5WvwnUqejscAkERJ3bfjEiSYtdPkRSE8kSa11hFBr4sTgnbZ95SJj19PN2jdvJjyzpSZgxkyyxNnBNnY#zUC7K4ndUaGZgV7Cp2yJy6JtMoUHY6u7tkcSYUvPrEidqBmLCTLmi6d5WvwnUqejscAkERJ3bfjEiSYtdPkRSE8kSa11hFBr4sTgnbZ95SJj19PN2jdvJjyzpSZgxkyyxNnBNnY"
-      ],
-      "capabilityDelegation": [
-        "did:key:zUC7K4ndUaGZgV7Cp2yJy6JtMoUHY6u7tkcSYUvPrEidqBmLCTLmi6d5WvwnUqejscAkERJ3bfjEiSYtdPkRSE8kSa11hFBr4sTgnbZ95SJj19PN2jdvJjyzpSZgxkyyxNnBNnY#zUC7K4ndUaGZgV7Cp2yJy6JtMoUHY6u7tkcSYUvPrEidqBmLCTLmi6d5WvwnUqejscAkERJ3bfjEiSYtdPkRSE8kSa11hFBr4sTgnbZ95SJj19PN2jdvJjyzpSZgxkyyxNnBNnY"
-      ]
-    }
-  },
-  "did:key:zUC77uxiMKceQoxciSy1xgk3nvP8c8NZXDnaY1xsXZaU5UmsZdnwStUke8Ca8zAdPX3MQTHEMhDTCgfdGU7UrY4RRdVhqZp8FaAaoaXFEVp2ZAM7oj3P45BuTCfc3t9FEGBAEQY": {
-    "verificationKeyPair": {
-      "id": "#zUC77uxiMKceQoxciSy1xgk3nvP8c8NZXDnaY1xsXZaU5UmsZdnwStUke8Ca8zAdPX3MQTHEMhDTCgfdGU7UrY4RRdVhqZp8FaAaoaXFEVp2ZAM7oj3P45BuTCfc3t9FEGBAEQY",
-      "type": "Bls12381G2Key2020",
-      "controller": "did:key:zUC77uxiMKceQoxciSy1xgk3nvP8c8NZXDnaY1xsXZaU5UmsZdnwStUke8Ca8zAdPX3MQTHEMhDTCgfdGU7UrY4RRdVhqZp8FaAaoaXFEVp2ZAM7oj3P45BuTCfc3t9FEGBAEQY",
-      "publicKeyBase58": "t5QqHdxR4C6QJWJAnk3qVd2DMr4MVFEefdP43i7fLbR5A2qJkE5bqgEtyzpNsDViGEsMKHMdpo7fKbPMhGihbfxz3Dv2Hw36XvprLHBA5DDFSphmy91oHQFdahQMei2HjoE",
-      "privateKeyBase58": "URWBZN9g2ZfKVdAz1L8pvVwEBqCbGBozt4p8Cootb35"
-    },
-    "didDocument": {
-      "@context": [
-        "https://www.w3.org/ns/did/v1",
-        "https://w3id.org/security/suites/bls12381-2020/v1"
-      ],
-      "id": "did:key:zUC77uxiMKceQoxciSy1xgk3nvP8c8NZXDnaY1xsXZaU5UmsZdnwStUke8Ca8zAdPX3MQTHEMhDTCgfdGU7UrY4RRdVhqZp8FaAaoaXFEVp2ZAM7oj3P45BuTCfc3t9FEGBAEQY",
-      "verificationMethod": [
-        {
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-        "kty": "EC",
-        "crv": "BLS12381_G1",
-        "x": "im0OQGMTkh4YEhAl16hQwUQTcOaRqIqThqtSwksFK7WaH6Qywypmc3VIDyydmYTe"
-      },
-      "privateKeyJwk": {
-        "kty": "EC",
-        "crv": "BLS12381_G1",
-        "x": "im0OQGMTkh4YEhAl16hQwUQTcOaRqIqThqtSwksFK7WaH6Qywypmc3VIDyydmYTe",
-        "d": "S7Z1TuL05WHge8od0_mW8b3sRM747caCffsLwS6JZ-c"
-      }
-    },
-    "didDocument": {
-      "@context": [
-        "https://www.w3.org/ns/did/v1",
-        "https://w3id.org/security/suites/jws-2020/v1"
-      ],
-      "id": "did:key:z5TcCmGLu7HrkT5FTnejDTKcH11LPMQLXMPHTRyzY4KdRvqpPLprH7s1ddWFD38cAkZoiDtofUmJVZyEweUTfwjG5H3znk3ir4tzmuDBUSNbNQ7U6jJqj5bkQLKRaQB1bpFJKGLEq3EBwsfPutL5D7p78kFeLNHznqbf5oGpik7ScaDbGLaTLh1Jtadi6VmPNNd44Cojk",
-      "verificationMethod": [
-        {
-          "id": "did:key:z5TcCmGLu7HrkT5FTnejDTKcH11LPMQLXMPHTRyzY4KdRvqpPLprH7s1ddWFD38cAkZoiDtofUmJVZyEweUTfwjG5H3znk3ir4tzmuDBUSNbNQ7U6jJqj5bkQLKRaQB1bpFJKGLEq3EBwsfPutL5D7p78kFeLNHznqbf5oGpik7ScaDbGLaTLh1Jtadi6VmPNNd44Cojk#z3tEEysHYz5kkgpfDAByfDVgAuvtSFLHSqoMWmmSZBU1LZtN2sDsAS6RVQSevfxv39kyty",
-          "type": "JsonWebKey2020",
-          "controller": "did:key:z5TcCmGLu7HrkT5FTnejDTKcH11LPMQLXMPHTRyzY4KdRvqpPLprH7s1ddWFD38cAkZoiDtofUmJVZyEweUTfwjG5H3znk3ir4tzmuDBUSNbNQ7U6jJqj5bkQLKRaQB1bpFJKGLEq3EBwsfPutL5D7p78kFeLNHznqbf5oGpik7ScaDbGLaTLh1Jtadi6VmPNNd44Cojk",
-          "publicKeyJwk": {
-            "kty": "EC",
-            "crv": "BLS12381_G1",
-            "x": "im0OQGMTkh4YEhAl16hQwUQTcOaRqIqThqtSwksFK7WaH6Qywypmc3VIDyydmYTe"
-          }
-        }
-      ],
-      "assertionMethod": [
-        "did:key:z5TcCmGLu7HrkT5FTnejDTKcH11LPMQLXMPHTRyzY4KdRvqpPLprH7s1ddWFD38cAkZoiDtofUmJVZyEweUTfwjG5H3znk3ir4tzmuDBUSNbNQ7U6jJqj5bkQLKRaQB1bpFJKGLEq3EBwsfPutL5D7p78kFeLNHznqbf5oGpik7ScaDbGLaTLh1Jtadi6VmPNNd44Cojk#z3tEEysHYz5kkgpfDAByfDVgAuvtSFLHSqoMWmmSZBU1LZtN2sDsAS6RVQSevfxv39kyty"
-      ],
-      "authentication": [
-        "did:key:z5TcCmGLu7HrkT5FTnejDTKcH11LPMQLXMPHTRyzY4KdRvqpPLprH7s1ddWFD38cAkZoiDtofUmJVZyEweUTfwjG5H3znk3ir4tzmuDBUSNbNQ7U6jJqj5bkQLKRaQB1bpFJKGLEq3EBwsfPutL5D7p78kFeLNHznqbf5oGpik7ScaDbGLaTLh1Jtadi6VmPNNd44Cojk#z3tEEysHYz5kkgpfDAByfDVgAuvtSFLHSqoMWmmSZBU1LZtN2sDsAS6RVQSevfxv39kyty"
-      ],
-      "capabilityInvocation": [
-        "did:key:z5TcCmGLu7HrkT5FTnejDTKcH11LPMQLXMPHTRyzY4KdRvqpPLprH7s1ddWFD38cAkZoiDtofUmJVZyEweUTfwjG5H3znk3ir4tzmuDBUSNbNQ7U6jJqj5bkQLKRaQB1bpFJKGLEq3EBwsfPutL5D7p78kFeLNHznqbf5oGpik7ScaDbGLaTLh1Jtadi6VmPNNd44Cojk#z3tEEysHYz5kkgpfDAByfDVgAuvtSFLHSqoMWmmSZBU1LZtN2sDsAS6RVQSevfxv39kyty"
-      ],
-      "capabilityDelegation": [
-        "did:key:z5TcCmGLu7HrkT5FTnejDTKcH11LPMQLXMPHTRyzY4KdRvqpPLprH7s1ddWFD38cAkZoiDtofUmJVZyEweUTfwjG5H3znk3ir4tzmuDBUSNbNQ7U6jJqj5bkQLKRaQB1bpFJKGLEq3EBwsfPutL5D7p78kFeLNHznqbf5oGpik7ScaDbGLaTLh1Jtadi6VmPNNd44Cojk#z3tEEysHYz5kkgpfDAByfDVgAuvtSFLHSqoMWmmSZBU1LZtN2sDsAS6RVQSevfxv39kyty"
-      ]
-    }
-  }
-}
--- a/did/testvectors/ed25519-x25519.json
+++ b/did/testvectors/ed25519-x25519.json
@@ -1,293 +0,0 @@
-{
-  "did:key:z6MkiTBz1ymuepAQ4HEHYSF1H8quG5GLVVQR3djdX3mDooWp": {
-    "seed": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
-    "verificationKeyPair": {
-      "id": "#z6MkiTBz1ymuepAQ4HEHYSF1H8quG5GLVVQR3djdX3mDooWp",
-      "type": "Ed25519VerificationKey2018",
-      "controller": "did:key:z6MkiTBz1ymuepAQ4HEHYSF1H8quG5GLVVQR3djdX3mDooWp",
-      "publicKeyBase58": "4zvwRjXUKGfvwnParsHAS3HuSVzV5cA4McphgmoCtajS"
-    },
-    "keyAgreementKeyPair": {
-      "id": "#z6LShs9GGnqk85isEBzzshkuVWrVKsRp24GnDuHk8QWkARMW",
-      "type": "X25519KeyAgreementKey2019",
-      "controller": "did:key:z6MkiTBz1ymuepAQ4HEHYSF1H8quG5GLVVQR3djdX3mDooWp",
-      "publicKeyBase58": "7By6kV2t2d188odEM4ExAve1UithKT6dLva4dwsDT3ak",
-      "privateKeyBase58": "6QN8DfuN9hjgHgPvLXqgzqYE3jRRGRrmJQZkd5tL8paR"
-    },
-    "didDocument": {
-      "@context": [
-        "https://www.w3.org/ns/did/v1",
-        "https://w3id.org/security/suites/ed25519-2018/v1",
-        "https://w3id.org/security/suites/x25519-2019/v1"
-      ],
-      "id": "did:key:z6MkiTBz1ymuepAQ4HEHYSF1H8quG5GLVVQR3djdX3mDooWp",
-      "verificationMethod": [
-        {
-          "id": "did:key:z6MkiTBz1ymuepAQ4HEHYSF1H8quG5GLVVQR3djdX3mDooWp#z6MkiTBz1ymuepAQ4HEHYSF1H8quG5GLVVQR3djdX3mDooWp",
-          "type": "Ed25519VerificationKey2018",
-          "controller": "did:key:z6MkiTBz1ymuepAQ4HEHYSF1H8quG5GLVVQR3djdX3mDooWp",
-          "publicKeyBase58": "4zvwRjXUKGfvwnParsHAS3HuSVzV5cA4McphgmoCtajS"
-        },
-        {
-          "id": "did:key:z6MkiTBz1ymuepAQ4HEHYSF1H8quG5GLVVQR3djdX3mDooWp#z6LShs9GGnqk85isEBzzshkuVWrVKsRp24GnDuHk8QWkARMW",
-          "type": "X25519KeyAgreementKey2019",
-          "controller": "did:key:z6MkiTBz1ymuepAQ4HEHYSF1H8quG5GLVVQR3djdX3mDooWp",
-          "publicKeyBase58": "7By6kV2t2d188odEM4ExAve1UithKT6dLva4dwsDT3ak"
-        }
-      ],
-      "assertionMethod": [
-        "did:key:z6MkiTBz1ymuepAQ4HEHYSF1H8quG5GLVVQR3djdX3mDooWp#z6MkiTBz1ymuepAQ4HEHYSF1H8quG5GLVVQR3djdX3mDooWp"
-      ],
-      "authentication": [
-        "did:key:z6MkiTBz1ymuepAQ4HEHYSF1H8quG5GLVVQR3djdX3mDooWp#z6MkiTBz1ymuepAQ4HEHYSF1H8quG5GLVVQR3djdX3mDooWp"
-      ],
-      "capabilityInvocation": [
-        "did:key:z6MkiTBz1ymuepAQ4HEHYSF1H8quG5GLVVQR3djdX3mDooWp#z6MkiTBz1ymuepAQ4HEHYSF1H8quG5GLVVQR3djdX3mDooWp"
-      ],
-      "capabilityDelegation": [
-        "did:key:z6MkiTBz1ymuepAQ4HEHYSF1H8quG5GLVVQR3djdX3mDooWp#z6MkiTBz1ymuepAQ4HEHYSF1H8quG5GLVVQR3djdX3mDooWp"
-      ],
-      "keyAgreement": [
-        "did:key:z6MkiTBz1ymuepAQ4HEHYSF1H8quG5GLVVQR3djdX3mDooWp#z6LShs9GGnqk85isEBzzshkuVWrVKsRp24GnDuHk8QWkARMW"
-      ]
-    }
-  },
-  "did:key:z6MkjchhfUsD6mmvni8mCdXHw216Xrm9bQe2mBH1P5RDjVJG": {
-    "seed": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001",
-    "verificationKeyPair": {
-      "id": "#z6MkjchhfUsD6mmvni8mCdXHw216Xrm9bQe2mBH1P5RDjVJG",
-      "type": "Ed25519VerificationKey2018",
-      "controller": "did:key:z6MkjchhfUsD6mmvni8mCdXHw216Xrm9bQe2mBH1P5RDjVJG",
-      "publicKeyBase58": "6ASf5EcmmEHTgDJ4X4ZT5vT6iHVJBXPg5AN5YoTCpGWt"
-    },
-    "keyAgreementKeyPair": {
-      "id": "#z6LSrHyXiPBhUbvPUtyUCdf32sniiMGPTAesgHrtEa4FePtr",
-      "type": "X25519KeyAgreementKey2019",
-      "controller": "did:key:z6MkjchhfUsD6mmvni8mCdXHw216Xrm9bQe2mBH1P5RDjVJG",
-      "publicKeyBase58": "FcoNC5NqP9CePWbhfz95iHaEsCjGkZUioK9Ck7Qiw286",
-      "privateKeyBase58": "HBTcN2MrXNRj9xF9oi8QqYyuEPv3JLLjQKuEgW9oxVKP"
-    },
-    "didDocument": {
-      "@context": [
-        "https://www.w3.org/ns/did/v1",
-        "https://w3id.org/security/suites/ed25519-2018/v1",
-        "https://w3id.org/security/suites/x25519-2019/v1"
-      ],
-      "id": "did:key:z6MkjchhfUsD6mmvni8mCdXHw216Xrm9bQe2mBH1P5RDjVJG",
-      "verificationMethod": [
-        {
-          "id": "did:key:z6MkjchhfUsD6mmvni8mCdXHw216Xrm9bQe2mBH1P5RDjVJG#z6MkjchhfUsD6mmvni8mCdXHw216Xrm9bQe2mBH1P5RDjVJG",
-          "type": "Ed25519VerificationKey2018",
-          "controller": "did:key:z6MkjchhfUsD6mmvni8mCdXHw216Xrm9bQe2mBH1P5RDjVJG",
-          "publicKeyBase58": "6ASf5EcmmEHTgDJ4X4ZT5vT6iHVJBXPg5AN5YoTCpGWt"
-        },
-        {
-          "id": "did:key:z6MkjchhfUsD6mmvni8mCdXHw216Xrm9bQe2mBH1P5RDjVJG#z6LSrHyXiPBhUbvPUtyUCdf32sniiMGPTAesgHrtEa4FePtr",
-          "type": "X25519KeyAgreementKey2019",
-          "controller": "did:key:z6MkjchhfUsD6mmvni8mCdXHw216Xrm9bQe2mBH1P5RDjVJG",
-          "publicKeyBase58": "FcoNC5NqP9CePWbhfz95iHaEsCjGkZUioK9Ck7Qiw286"
-        }
-      ],
-      "assertionMethod": [
-        "did:key:z6MkjchhfUsD6mmvni8mCdXHw216Xrm9bQe2mBH1P5RDjVJG#z6MkjchhfUsD6mmvni8mCdXHw216Xrm9bQe2mBH1P5RDjVJG"
-      ],
-      "authentication": [
-        "did:key:z6MkjchhfUsD6mmvni8mCdXHw216Xrm9bQe2mBH1P5RDjVJG#z6MkjchhfUsD6mmvni8mCdXHw216Xrm9bQe2mBH1P5RDjVJG"
-      ],
-      "capabilityInvocation": [
-        "did:key:z6MkjchhfUsD6mmvni8mCdXHw216Xrm9bQe2mBH1P5RDjVJG#z6MkjchhfUsD6mmvni8mCdXHw216Xrm9bQe2mBH1P5RDjVJG"
-      ],
-      "capabilityDelegation": [
-        "did:key:z6MkjchhfUsD6mmvni8mCdXHw216Xrm9bQe2mBH1P5RDjVJG#z6MkjchhfUsD6mmvni8mCdXHw216Xrm9bQe2mBH1P5RDjVJG"
-      ],
-      "keyAgreement": [
-        "did:key:z6MkjchhfUsD6mmvni8mCdXHw216Xrm9bQe2mBH1P5RDjVJG#z6LSrHyXiPBhUbvPUtyUCdf32sniiMGPTAesgHrtEa4FePtr"
-      ]
-    }
-  },
-  "did:key:z6MknGc3ocHs3zdPiJbnaaqDi58NGb4pk1Sp9WxWufuXSdxf": {
-    "seed": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002",
-    "verificationKeyPair": {
-      "id": "#z6MknGc3ocHs3zdPiJbnaaqDi58NGb4pk1Sp9WxWufuXSdxf",
-      "type": "Ed25519VerificationKey2018",
-      "controller": "did:key:z6MknGc3ocHs3zdPiJbnaaqDi58NGb4pk1Sp9WxWufuXSdxf",
-      "publicKeyBase58": "8pM1DN3RiT8vbom5u1sNryaNT1nyL8CTTW3b5PwWXRBH"
-    },
-    "keyAgreementKeyPair": {
-      "id": "#z6LSkkqoZRC34AEpbkhZCqLDcHQVAxuLpQ7kC8XCXMVUfvjE",
-      "type": "X25519KeyAgreementKey2019",
-      "controller": "did:key:z6MknGc3ocHs3zdPiJbnaaqDi58NGb4pk1Sp9WxWufuXSdxf",
-      "publicKeyBase58": "A5fe37PAxhX5WNKngBpGHhC1KpNE7nwbK9oX2tqwxYxU",
-      "privateKeyBase58": "ACa4PPJ1LnPNq1iwS33V3Akh7WtnC71WkKFZ9ccM6sX2"
-    },
-    "didDocument": {
-      "@context": [
-        "https://www.w3.org/ns/did/v1",
-        "https://w3id.org/security/suites/ed25519-2018/v1",
-        "https://w3id.org/security/suites/x25519-2019/v1"
-      ],
-      "id": "did:key:z6MknGc3ocHs3zdPiJbnaaqDi58NGb4pk1Sp9WxWufuXSdxf",
-      "verificationMethod": [
-        {
-          "id": "did:key:z6MknGc3ocHs3zdPiJbnaaqDi58NGb4pk1Sp9WxWufuXSdxf#z6MknGc3ocHs3zdPiJbnaaqDi58NGb4pk1Sp9WxWufuXSdxf",
-          "type": "Ed25519VerificationKey2018",
-          "controller": "did:key:z6MknGc3ocHs3zdPiJbnaaqDi58NGb4pk1Sp9WxWufuXSdxf",
-          "publicKeyBase58": "8pM1DN3RiT8vbom5u1sNryaNT1nyL8CTTW3b5PwWXRBH"
-        },
-        {
-          "id": "did:key:z6MknGc3ocHs3zdPiJbnaaqDi58NGb4pk1Sp9WxWufuXSdxf#z6LSkkqoZRC34AEpbkhZCqLDcHQVAxuLpQ7kC8XCXMVUfvjE",
-          "type": "X25519KeyAgreementKey2019",
-          "controller": "did:key:z6MknGc3ocHs3zdPiJbnaaqDi58NGb4pk1Sp9WxWufuXSdxf",
-          "publicKeyBase58": "A5fe37PAxhX5WNKngBpGHhC1KpNE7nwbK9oX2tqwxYxU"
-        }
-      ],
-      "assertionMethod": [
-        "did:key:z6MknGc3ocHs3zdPiJbnaaqDi58NGb4pk1Sp9WxWufuXSdxf#z6MknGc3ocHs3zdPiJbnaaqDi58NGb4pk1Sp9WxWufuXSdxf"
-      ],
-      "authentication": [
-        "did:key:z6MknGc3ocHs3zdPiJbnaaqDi58NGb4pk1Sp9WxWufuXSdxf#z6MknGc3ocHs3zdPiJbnaaqDi58NGb4pk1Sp9WxWufuXSdxf"
-      ],
-      "capabilityInvocation": [
-        "did:key:z6MknGc3ocHs3zdPiJbnaaqDi58NGb4pk1Sp9WxWufuXSdxf#z6MknGc3ocHs3zdPiJbnaaqDi58NGb4pk1Sp9WxWufuXSdxf"
-      ],
-      "capabilityDelegation": [
-        "did:key:z6MknGc3ocHs3zdPiJbnaaqDi58NGb4pk1Sp9WxWufuXSdxf#z6MknGc3ocHs3zdPiJbnaaqDi58NGb4pk1Sp9WxWufuXSdxf"
-      ],
-      "keyAgreement": [
-        "did:key:z6MknGc3ocHs3zdPiJbnaaqDi58NGb4pk1Sp9WxWufuXSdxf#z6LSkkqoZRC34AEpbkhZCqLDcHQVAxuLpQ7kC8XCXMVUfvjE"
-      ]
-    }
-  },
-  "did:key:z6MkvqoYXQfDDJRv8L4wKzxYeuKyVZBfi9Qo6Ro8MiLH3kDQ": {
-    "seed": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000003",
-    "verificationKeyPair": {
-      "id": "#z6MkvqoYXQfDDJRv8L4wKzxYeuKyVZBfi9Qo6Ro8MiLH3kDQ",
-      "type": "Ed25519VerificationKey2018",
-      "controller": "did:key:z6MkvqoYXQfDDJRv8L4wKzxYeuKyVZBfi9Qo6Ro8MiLH3kDQ",
-      "publicKeyBase58": "HPYVwAQmskwT1qEEeRzhoomyfyupJGASQQtCXSNG8XS2"
-    },
-    "keyAgreementKeyPair": {
-      "id": "#z6LSiUo6AEDat8Ze4nQzDo67SGuHLLwsUGkxndHGUjsywHow",
-      "type": "X25519KeyAgreementKey2019",
-      "controller": "did:key:z6MkvqoYXQfDDJRv8L4wKzxYeuKyVZBfi9Qo6Ro8MiLH3kDQ",
-      "publicKeyBase58": "7ocvdvQinfqtyQ3Dh9aA7ggoVCQkmfaoueZazHETDv3B",
-      "privateKeyBase58": "FZrzd1osCnbK6y6MJzMBW1RcVfL524sNKhSbqRwMuwHT"
-    },
-    "didDocument": {
-      "@context": [
-        "https://www.w3.org/ns/did/v1",
-        "https://w3id.org/security/suites/ed25519-2018/v1",
-        "https://w3id.org/security/suites/x25519-2019/v1"
-      ],
-      "id": "did:key:z6MkvqoYXQfDDJRv8L4wKzxYeuKyVZBfi9Qo6Ro8MiLH3kDQ",
-      "verificationMethod": [
-        {
-          "id": "did:key:z6MkvqoYXQfDDJRv8L4wKzxYeuKyVZBfi9Qo6Ro8MiLH3kDQ#z6MkvqoYXQfDDJRv8L4wKzxYeuKyVZBfi9Qo6Ro8MiLH3kDQ",
-          "type": "Ed25519VerificationKey2018",
-          "controller": "did:key:z6MkvqoYXQfDDJRv8L4wKzxYeuKyVZBfi9Qo6Ro8MiLH3kDQ",
-          "publicKeyBase58": "HPYVwAQmskwT1qEEeRzhoomyfyupJGASQQtCXSNG8XS2"
-        },
-        {
-          "id": "did:key:z6MkvqoYXQfDDJRv8L4wKzxYeuKyVZBfi9Qo6Ro8MiLH3kDQ#z6LSiUo6AEDat8Ze4nQzDo67SGuHLLwsUGkxndHGUjsywHow",
-          "type": "X25519KeyAgreementKey2019",
-          "controller": "did:key:z6MkvqoYXQfDDJRv8L4wKzxYeuKyVZBfi9Qo6Ro8MiLH3kDQ",
-          "publicKeyBase58": "7ocvdvQinfqtyQ3Dh9aA7ggoVCQkmfaoueZazHETDv3B"
-        }
-      ],
-      "assertionMethod": [
-        "did:key:z6MkvqoYXQfDDJRv8L4wKzxYeuKyVZBfi9Qo6Ro8MiLH3kDQ#z6MkvqoYXQfDDJRv8L4wKzxYeuKyVZBfi9Qo6Ro8MiLH3kDQ"
-      ],
-      "authentication": [
-        "did:key:z6MkvqoYXQfDDJRv8L4wKzxYeuKyVZBfi9Qo6Ro8MiLH3kDQ#z6MkvqoYXQfDDJRv8L4wKzxYeuKyVZBfi9Qo6Ro8MiLH3kDQ"
-      ],
-      "capabilityInvocation": [
-        "did:key:z6MkvqoYXQfDDJRv8L4wKzxYeuKyVZBfi9Qo6Ro8MiLH3kDQ#z6MkvqoYXQfDDJRv8L4wKzxYeuKyVZBfi9Qo6Ro8MiLH3kDQ"
-      ],
-      "capabilityDelegation": [
-        "did:key:z6MkvqoYXQfDDJRv8L4wKzxYeuKyVZBfi9Qo6Ro8MiLH3kDQ#z6MkvqoYXQfDDJRv8L4wKzxYeuKyVZBfi9Qo6Ro8MiLH3kDQ"
-      ],
-      "keyAgreement": [
-        "did:key:z6MkvqoYXQfDDJRv8L4wKzxYeuKyVZBfi9Qo6Ro8MiLH3kDQ#z6LSiUo6AEDat8Ze4nQzDo67SGuHLLwsUGkxndHGUjsywHow"
-      ]
-    }
-  },
-  "did:key:z6MkwYMhwTvsq376YBAcJHy3vyRWzBgn5vKfVqqDCgm7XVKU": {
-    "seed": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000005",
-    "verificationKeyPair": {
-      "id": "did:key:z6MkwYMhwTvsq376YBAcJHy3vyRWzBgn5vKfVqqDCgm7XVKU#z6MkwYMhwTvsq376YBAcJHy3vyRWzBgn5vKfVqqDCgm7XVKU",
-      "type": "JsonWebKey2020",
-      "controller": "did:key:z6MkwYMhwTvsq376YBAcJHy3vyRWzBgn5vKfVqqDCgm7XVKU",
-      "publicKeyJwk": {
-        "kty": "OKP",
-        "crv": "Ed25519",
-        "x": "_eT7oDCtAC98L31MMx9J0T-w7HR-zuvsY08f9MvKne8"
-      },
-      "privateKeyJwk": {
-        "kty": "OKP",
-        "crv": "Ed25519",
-        "x": "_eT7oDCtAC98L31MMx9J0T-w7HR-zuvsY08f9MvKne8",
-        "d": "AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAU"
-      }
-    },
-    "keyAgreementKeyPair": {
-      "id": "did:key:z6MkwYMhwTvsq376YBAcJHy3vyRWzBgn5vKfVqqDCgm7XVKU#z6LSmArkPSdTKjEESsExHRrSwUzYUHgDuWDewXc4nocasvFU",
-      "type": "JsonWebKey2020",
-      "controller": "did:key:z6MkwYMhwTvsq376YBAcJHy3vyRWzBgn5vKfVqqDCgm7XVKU",
-      "publicKeyJwk": {
-        "kty": "OKP",
-        "crv": "X25519",
-        "x": "jRIz3oriXDNZmnb35XQb7K1UIlz3ae1ao1YSqLeBXHs"
-      },
-      "privateKeyJwk": {
-        "kty": "OKP",
-        "crv": "X25519",
-        "x": "jRIz3oriXDNZmnb35XQb7K1UIlz3ae1ao1YSqLeBXHs",
-        "d": "aEAAB3VBFPCQtgF3N__wRiXhMOgeiRGstpPC3gnJ1Eo"
-      }
-    },
-    "didDocument": {
-      "@context": [
-        "https://www.w3.org/ns/did/v1",
-        "https://w3id.org/security/suites/jws-2020/v1"
-      ],
-      "id": "did:key:z6MkwYMhwTvsq376YBAcJHy3vyRWzBgn5vKfVqqDCgm7XVKU",
-      "verificationMethod": [
-        {
-          "id": "did:key:z6MkwYMhwTvsq376YBAcJHy3vyRWzBgn5vKfVqqDCgm7XVKU#z6MkwYMhwTvsq376YBAcJHy3vyRWzBgn5vKfVqqDCgm7XVKU",
-          "type": "JsonWebKey2020",
-          "controller": "did:key:z6MkwYMhwTvsq376YBAcJHy3vyRWzBgn5vKfVqqDCgm7XVKU",
-          "publicKeyJwk": {
-            "kty": "OKP",
-            "crv": "Ed25519",
-            "x": "_eT7oDCtAC98L31MMx9J0T-w7HR-zuvsY08f9MvKne8"
-          }
-        },
-        {
-          "id": "did:key:z6MkwYMhwTvsq376YBAcJHy3vyRWzBgn5vKfVqqDCgm7XVKU#z6LSmArkPSdTKjEESsExHRrSwUzYUHgDuWDewXc4nocasvFU",
-          "type": "JsonWebKey2020",
-          "controller": "did:key:z6MkwYMhwTvsq376YBAcJHy3vyRWzBgn5vKfVqqDCgm7XVKU",
-          "publicKeyJwk": {
-            "kty": "OKP",
-            "crv": "X25519",
-            "x": "jRIz3oriXDNZmnb35XQb7K1UIlz3ae1ao1YSqLeBXHs"
-          }
-        }
-      ],
-      "assertionMethod": [
-        "did:key:z6MkwYMhwTvsq376YBAcJHy3vyRWzBgn5vKfVqqDCgm7XVKU#z6MkwYMhwTvsq376YBAcJHy3vyRWzBgn5vKfVqqDCgm7XVKU"
-      ],
-      "authentication": [
-        "did:key:z6MkwYMhwTvsq376YBAcJHy3vyRWzBgn5vKfVqqDCgm7XVKU#z6MkwYMhwTvsq376YBAcJHy3vyRWzBgn5vKfVqqDCgm7XVKU"
-      ],
-      "capabilityInvocation": [
-        "did:key:z6MkwYMhwTvsq376YBAcJHy3vyRWzBgn5vKfVqqDCgm7XVKU#z6MkwYMhwTvsq376YBAcJHy3vyRWzBgn5vKfVqqDCgm7XVKU"
-      ],
-      "capabilityDelegation": [
-        "did:key:z6MkwYMhwTvsq376YBAcJHy3vyRWzBgn5vKfVqqDCgm7XVKU#z6MkwYMhwTvsq376YBAcJHy3vyRWzBgn5vKfVqqDCgm7XVKU"
-      ],
-      "keyAgreement": [
-        "did:key:z6MkwYMhwTvsq376YBAcJHy3vyRWzBgn5vKfVqqDCgm7XVKU#z6LSmArkPSdTKjEESsExHRrSwUzYUHgDuWDewXc4nocasvFU"
-      ]
-    }
-  }
-}
--- a/did/testvectors/nist-curves.json
+++ b/did/testvectors/nist-curves.json
@@ -1,371 +0,0 @@
-{
-  "did:key:zDnaerx9CtbPJ1q36T5Ln5wYt3MQYeGRG5ehnPAmxcf5mDZpv": {
-    "verificationMethod": {
-      "id": "#zDnaerx9CtbPJ1q36T5Ln5wYt3MQYeGRG5ehnPAmxcf5mDZpv",
-      "type": "JsonWebKey2020",
-      "controller": "did:key:zDnaerx9CtbPJ1q36T5Ln5wYt3MQYeGRG5ehnPAmxcf5mDZpv",
-      "publicKeyJwk": {
-        "kty": "EC",
-        "crv": "P-256",
-        "x": "igrFmi0whuihKnj9R3Om1SoMph72wUGeFaBbzG2vzns",
-        "y": "efsX5b10x8yjyrj4ny3pGfLcY7Xby1KzgqOdqnsrJIM"
-      },
-      "privateKeyJwk": {
-        "kty": "EC",
-        "crv": "P-256",
-        "x": "igrFmi0whuihKnj9R3Om1SoMph72wUGeFaBbzG2vzns",
-        "y": "efsX5b10x8yjyrj4ny3pGfLcY7Xby1KzgqOdqnsrJIM",
-        "d": "gPh-VvVS8MbvKQ9LSVVmfnxnKjHn4Tqj0bmbpehRlpc"
-      }
-    },
-    "didDocument": {
-      "@context": [
-        "https://www.w3.org/ns/did/v1",
-        "https://w3id.org/security/suites/jws-2020/v1"
-      ],
-      "id": "did:key:zDnaerx9CtbPJ1q36T5Ln5wYt3MQYeGRG5ehnPAmxcf5mDZpv",
-      "verificationMethod": [
-        {
-          "id": "did:key:zDnaerx9CtbPJ1q36T5Ln5wYt3MQYeGRG5ehnPAmxcf5mDZpv#zDnaerx9CtbPJ1q36T5Ln5wYt3MQYeGRG5ehnPAmxcf5mDZpv",
-          "type": "JsonWebKey2020",
-          "controller": "did:key:zDnaerx9CtbPJ1q36T5Ln5wYt3MQYeGRG5ehnPAmxcf5mDZpv",
-          "publicKeyJwk": {
-            "kty": "EC",
-            "crv": "P-256",
-            "x": "igrFmi0whuihKnj9R3Om1SoMph72wUGeFaBbzG2vzns",
-            "y": "efsX5b10x8yjyrj4ny3pGfLcY7Xby1KzgqOdqnsrJIM"
-          }
-        }
-      ],
-      "assertionMethod": [
-        "did:key:zDnaerx9CtbPJ1q36T5Ln5wYt3MQYeGRG5ehnPAmxcf5mDZpv#zDnaerx9CtbPJ1q36T5Ln5wYt3MQYeGRG5ehnPAmxcf5mDZpv"
-      ],
-      "authentication": [
-        "did:key:zDnaerx9CtbPJ1q36T5Ln5wYt3MQYeGRG5ehnPAmxcf5mDZpv#zDnaerx9CtbPJ1q36T5Ln5wYt3MQYeGRG5ehnPAmxcf5mDZpv"
-      ],
-      "capabilityInvocation": [
-        "did:key:zDnaerx9CtbPJ1q36T5Ln5wYt3MQYeGRG5ehnPAmxcf5mDZpv#zDnaerx9CtbPJ1q36T5Ln5wYt3MQYeGRG5ehnPAmxcf5mDZpv"
-      ],
-      "capabilityDelegation": [
-        "did:key:zDnaerx9CtbPJ1q36T5Ln5wYt3MQYeGRG5ehnPAmxcf5mDZpv#zDnaerx9CtbPJ1q36T5Ln5wYt3MQYeGRG5ehnPAmxcf5mDZpv"
-      ],
-      "keyAgreement": [
-        "did:key:zDnaerx9CtbPJ1q36T5Ln5wYt3MQYeGRG5ehnPAmxcf5mDZpv#zDnaerx9CtbPJ1q36T5Ln5wYt3MQYeGRG5ehnPAmxcf5mDZpv"
-      ]
-    }
-  },
-  "did:key:zDnaerDaTF5BXEavCrfRZEk316dpbLsfPDZ3WJ5hRTPFU2169": {
-    "verificationMethod": {
-      "id": "#zDnaerDaTF5BXEavCrfRZEk316dpbLsfPDZ3WJ5hRTPFU2169",
-      "type": "JsonWebKey2020",
-      "controller": "did:key:zDnaerDaTF5BXEavCrfRZEk316dpbLsfPDZ3WJ5hRTPFU2169",
-      "publicKeyJwk": {
-        "kty": "EC",
-        "crv": "P-256",
-        "x": "fyNYMN0976ci7xqiSdag3buk-ZCwgXU4kz9XNkBlNUI",
-        "y": "hW2ojTNfH7Jbi8--CJUo3OCbH3y5n91g-IMA9MLMbTU"
-      },
-      "privateKeyJwk": {
-        "kty": "EC",
-        "crv": "P-256",
-        "x": "fyNYMN0976ci7xqiSdag3buk-ZCwgXU4kz9XNkBlNUI",
-        "y": "hW2ojTNfH7Jbi8--CJUo3OCbH3y5n91g-IMA9MLMbTU",
-        "d": "YjRs6vNvw4sYrzVVY8ipkEpDAD9PFqw1sUnvPRMA-WI"
-      }
-    },
-    "didDocument": {
-      "@context": [
-        "https://www.w3.org/ns/did/v1",
-        "https://w3id.org/security/suites/jws-2020/v1"
-      ],
-      "id": "did:key:zDnaerDaTF5BXEavCrfRZEk316dpbLsfPDZ3WJ5hRTPFU2169",
-      "verificationMethod": [
-        {
-          "id": "did:key:zDnaerDaTF5BXEavCrfRZEk316dpbLsfPDZ3WJ5hRTPFU2169#zDnaerDaTF5BXEavCrfRZEk316dpbLsfPDZ3WJ5hRTPFU2169",
-          "type": "JsonWebKey2020",
-          "controller": "did:key:zDnaerDaTF5BXEavCrfRZEk316dpbLsfPDZ3WJ5hRTPFU2169",
-          "publicKeyJwk": {
-            "kty": "EC",
-            "crv": "P-256",
-            "x": "fyNYMN0976ci7xqiSdag3buk-ZCwgXU4kz9XNkBlNUI",
-            "y": "hW2ojTNfH7Jbi8--CJUo3OCbH3y5n91g-IMA9MLMbTU"
-          }
-        }
-      ],
-      "assertionMethod": [
-        "did:key:zDnaerDaTF5BXEavCrfRZEk316dpbLsfPDZ3WJ5hRTPFU2169#zDnaerDaTF5BXEavCrfRZEk316dpbLsfPDZ3WJ5hRTPFU2169"
-      ],
-      "authentication": [
-        "did:key:zDnaerDaTF5BXEavCrfRZEk316dpbLsfPDZ3WJ5hRTPFU2169#zDnaerDaTF5BXEavCrfRZEk316dpbLsfPDZ3WJ5hRTPFU2169"
-      ],
-      "capabilityInvocation": [
-        "did:key:zDnaerDaTF5BXEavCrfRZEk316dpbLsfPDZ3WJ5hRTPFU2169#zDnaerDaTF5BXEavCrfRZEk316dpbLsfPDZ3WJ5hRTPFU2169"
-      ],
-      "capabilityDelegation": [
-        "did:key:zDnaerDaTF5BXEavCrfRZEk316dpbLsfPDZ3WJ5hRTPFU2169#zDnaerDaTF5BXEavCrfRZEk316dpbLsfPDZ3WJ5hRTPFU2169"
-      ],
-      "keyAgreement": [
-        "did:key:zDnaerDaTF5BXEavCrfRZEk316dpbLsfPDZ3WJ5hRTPFU2169#zDnaerDaTF5BXEavCrfRZEk316dpbLsfPDZ3WJ5hRTPFU2169"
-      ]
-    }
-  },
-  "did:key:z82Lm1MpAkeJcix9K8TMiLd5NMAhnwkjjCBeWHXyu3U4oT2MVJJKXkcVBgjGhnLBn2Kaau9": {
-    "verificationMethod": {
-      "id": "#z82Lm1MpAkeJcix9K8TMiLd5NMAhnwkjjCBeWHXyu3U4oT2MVJJKXkcVBgjGhnLBn2Kaau9",
-      "type": "JsonWebKey2020",
-      "controller": "did:key:z82Lm1MpAkeJcix9K8TMiLd5NMAhnwkjjCBeWHXyu3U4oT2MVJJKXkcVBgjGhnLBn2Kaau9",
-      "publicKeyJwk": {
-        "kty": "EC",
-        "crv": "P-384",
-        "x": "lInTxl8fjLKp_UCrxI0WDklahi-7-_6JbtiHjiRvMvhedhKVdHBfi2HCY8t_QJyc",
-        "y": "y6N1IC-2mXxHreETBW7K3mBcw0qGr3CWHCs-yl09yCQRLcyfGv7XhqAngHOu51Zv"
-      },
-      "privateKeyJwk": {
-        "kty": "EC",
-        "crv": "P-384",
-        "x": "lInTxl8fjLKp_UCrxI0WDklahi-7-_6JbtiHjiRvMvhedhKVdHBfi2HCY8t_QJyc",
-        "y": "y6N1IC-2mXxHreETBW7K3mBcw0qGr3CWHCs-yl09yCQRLcyfGv7XhqAngHOu51Zv",
-        "d": "hAyGZNj9031guBCdpAOaZkO-E5m-LKLYnMIq0-msrp8JLctseaOeNTHmP3uKVWwX"
-      }
-    },
-    "didDocument": {
-      "@context": [
-        "https://www.w3.org/ns/did/v1",
-        "https://w3id.org/security/suites/jws-2020/v1"
-      ],
-      "id": "did:key:z82Lm1MpAkeJcix9K8TMiLd5NMAhnwkjjCBeWHXyu3U4oT2MVJJKXkcVBgjGhnLBn2Kaau9",
-      "verificationMethod": [
-        {
-          "id": "did:key:z82Lm1MpAkeJcix9K8TMiLd5NMAhnwkjjCBeWHXyu3U4oT2MVJJKXkcVBgjGhnLBn2Kaau9#z82Lm1MpAkeJcix9K8TMiLd5NMAhnwkjjCBeWHXyu3U4oT2MVJJKXkcVBgjGhnLBn2Kaau9",
-          "type": "JsonWebKey2020",
-          "controller": "did:key:z82Lm1MpAkeJcix9K8TMiLd5NMAhnwkjjCBeWHXyu3U4oT2MVJJKXkcVBgjGhnLBn2Kaau9",
-          "publicKeyJwk": {
-            "kty": "EC",
-            "crv": "P-384",
-            "x": "lInTxl8fjLKp_UCrxI0WDklahi-7-_6JbtiHjiRvMvhedhKVdHBfi2HCY8t_QJyc",
-            "y": "y6N1IC-2mXxHreETBW7K3mBcw0qGr3CWHCs-yl09yCQRLcyfGv7XhqAngHOu51Zv"
-          }
-        }
-      ],
-      "assertionMethod": [
-        "did:key:z82Lm1MpAkeJcix9K8TMiLd5NMAhnwkjjCBeWHXyu3U4oT2MVJJKXkcVBgjGhnLBn2Kaau9#z82Lm1MpAkeJcix9K8TMiLd5NMAhnwkjjCBeWHXyu3U4oT2MVJJKXkcVBgjGhnLBn2Kaau9"
-      ],
-      "authentication": [
-        "did:key:z82Lm1MpAkeJcix9K8TMiLd5NMAhnwkjjCBeWHXyu3U4oT2MVJJKXkcVBgjGhnLBn2Kaau9#z82Lm1MpAkeJcix9K8TMiLd5NMAhnwkjjCBeWHXyu3U4oT2MVJJKXkcVBgjGhnLBn2Kaau9"
-      ],
-      "capabilityInvocation": [
-        "did:key:z82Lm1MpAkeJcix9K8TMiLd5NMAhnwkjjCBeWHXyu3U4oT2MVJJKXkcVBgjGhnLBn2Kaau9#z82Lm1MpAkeJcix9K8TMiLd5NMAhnwkjjCBeWHXyu3U4oT2MVJJKXkcVBgjGhnLBn2Kaau9"
-      ],
-      "capabilityDelegation": [
-        "did:key:z82Lm1MpAkeJcix9K8TMiLd5NMAhnwkjjCBeWHXyu3U4oT2MVJJKXkcVBgjGhnLBn2Kaau9#z82Lm1MpAkeJcix9K8TMiLd5NMAhnwkjjCBeWHXyu3U4oT2MVJJKXkcVBgjGhnLBn2Kaau9"
-      ],
-      "keyAgreement": [
-        "did:key:z82Lm1MpAkeJcix9K8TMiLd5NMAhnwkjjCBeWHXyu3U4oT2MVJJKXkcVBgjGhnLBn2Kaau9#z82Lm1MpAkeJcix9K8TMiLd5NMAhnwkjjCBeWHXyu3U4oT2MVJJKXkcVBgjGhnLBn2Kaau9"
-      ]
-    }
-  },
-  "did:key:z82LkvCwHNreneWpsgPEbV3gu1C6NFJEBg4srfJ5gdxEsMGRJUz2sG9FE42shbn2xkZJh54": {
-    "verificationMethod": {
-      "id": "#z82LkvCwHNreneWpsgPEbV3gu1C6NFJEBg4srfJ5gdxEsMGRJUz2sG9FE42shbn2xkZJh54",
-      "type": "JsonWebKey2020",
-      "controller": "did:key:z82LkvCwHNreneWpsgPEbV3gu1C6NFJEBg4srfJ5gdxEsMGRJUz2sG9FE42shbn2xkZJh54",
-      "publicKeyJwk": {
-        "kty": "EC",
-        "crv": "P-384",
-        "x": "CA-iNoHDg1lL8pvX3d1uvExzVfCz7Rn6tW781Ub8K5MrDf2IMPyL0RTDiaLHC1JT",
-        "y": "Kpnrn8DkXUD3ge4mFxi-DKr0DYO2KuJdwNBrhzLRtfMa3WFMZBiPKUPfJj8dYNl_"
-      },
-      "privateKeyJwk": {
-        "kty": "EC",
-        "crv": "P-384",
-        "x": "CA-iNoHDg1lL8pvX3d1uvExzVfCz7Rn6tW781Ub8K5MrDf2IMPyL0RTDiaLHC1JT",
-        "y": "Kpnrn8DkXUD3ge4mFxi-DKr0DYO2KuJdwNBrhzLRtfMa3WFMZBiPKUPfJj8dYNl_",
-        "d": "Xe1HHeh-UsrJPRNLR_Y06VTrWpZYBXi7a7kiRqCgwnAOlJZPwE-xzL3DIIVMavAL"
-      }
-    },
-    "didDocument": {
-      "@context": [
-        "https://www.w3.org/ns/did/v1",
-        "https://w3id.org/security/suites/jws-2020/v1"
-      ],
-      "id": "did:key:z82LkvCwHNreneWpsgPEbV3gu1C6NFJEBg4srfJ5gdxEsMGRJUz2sG9FE42shbn2xkZJh54",
-      "verificationMethod": [
-        {
-          "id": "did:key:z82LkvCwHNreneWpsgPEbV3gu1C6NFJEBg4srfJ5gdxEsMGRJUz2sG9FE42shbn2xkZJh54#z82LkvCwHNreneWpsgPEbV3gu1C6NFJEBg4srfJ5gdxEsMGRJUz2sG9FE42shbn2xkZJh54",
-          "type": "JsonWebKey2020",
-          "controller": "did:key:z82LkvCwHNreneWpsgPEbV3gu1C6NFJEBg4srfJ5gdxEsMGRJUz2sG9FE42shbn2xkZJh54",
-          "publicKeyJwk": {
-            "kty": "EC",
-            "crv": "P-384",
-            "x": "CA-iNoHDg1lL8pvX3d1uvExzVfCz7Rn6tW781Ub8K5MrDf2IMPyL0RTDiaLHC1JT",
-            "y": "Kpnrn8DkXUD3ge4mFxi-DKr0DYO2KuJdwNBrhzLRtfMa3WFMZBiPKUPfJj8dYNl_"
-          }
-        }
-      ],
-      "assertionMethod": [
-        "did:key:z82LkvCwHNreneWpsgPEbV3gu1C6NFJEBg4srfJ5gdxEsMGRJUz2sG9FE42shbn2xkZJh54#z82LkvCwHNreneWpsgPEbV3gu1C6NFJEBg4srfJ5gdxEsMGRJUz2sG9FE42shbn2xkZJh54"
-      ],
-      "authentication": [
-        "did:key:z82LkvCwHNreneWpsgPEbV3gu1C6NFJEBg4srfJ5gdxEsMGRJUz2sG9FE42shbn2xkZJh54#z82LkvCwHNreneWpsgPEbV3gu1C6NFJEBg4srfJ5gdxEsMGRJUz2sG9FE42shbn2xkZJh54"
-      ],
-      "capabilityInvocation": [
-        "did:key:z82LkvCwHNreneWpsgPEbV3gu1C6NFJEBg4srfJ5gdxEsMGRJUz2sG9FE42shbn2xkZJh54#z82LkvCwHNreneWpsgPEbV3gu1C6NFJEBg4srfJ5gdxEsMGRJUz2sG9FE42shbn2xkZJh54"
-      ],
-      "capabilityDelegation": [
-        "did:key:z82LkvCwHNreneWpsgPEbV3gu1C6NFJEBg4srfJ5gdxEsMGRJUz2sG9FE42shbn2xkZJh54#z82LkvCwHNreneWpsgPEbV3gu1C6NFJEBg4srfJ5gdxEsMGRJUz2sG9FE42shbn2xkZJh54"
-      ],
-      "keyAgreement": [
-        "did:key:z82LkvCwHNreneWpsgPEbV3gu1C6NFJEBg4srfJ5gdxEsMGRJUz2sG9FE42shbn2xkZJh54#z82LkvCwHNreneWpsgPEbV3gu1C6NFJEBg4srfJ5gdxEsMGRJUz2sG9FE42shbn2xkZJh54"
-      ]
-    }
-  },
-  "did:key:z2J9gaYxrKVpdoG9A4gRnmpnRCcxU6agDtFVVBVdn1JedouoZN7SzcyREXXzWgt3gGiwpoHq7K68X4m32D8HgzG8wv3sY5j7": {
-    "verificationMethod": {
-      "id": "#z2J9gaYxrKVpdoG9A4gRnmpnRCcxU6agDtFVVBVdn1JedouoZN7SzcyREXXzWgt3gGiwpoHq7K68X4m32D8HgzG8wv3sY5j7",
-      "type": "JsonWebKey2020",
-      "controller": "did:key:z2J9gaYxrKVpdoG9A4gRnmpnRCcxU6agDtFVVBVdn1JedouoZN7SzcyREXXzWgt3gGiwpoHq7K68X4m32D8HgzG8wv3sY5j7",
-      "publicKeyJwk": {
-        "kty": "EC",
-        "crv": "P-521",
-        "x": "ASUHPMyichQ0QbHZ9ofNx_l4y7luncn5feKLo3OpJ2nSbZoC7mffolj5uy7s6KSKXFmnNWxGJ42IOrjZ47qqwqyS",
-        "y": "AW9ziIC4ZQQVSNmLlp59yYKrjRY0_VqO-GOIYQ9tYpPraBKUloEId6cI_vynCzlZWZtWpgOM3HPhYEgawQ703RjC"
-      },
-      "privateKeyJwk": {
-        "kty": "EC",
-        "crv": "P-521",
-        "x": "ASUHPMyichQ0QbHZ9ofNx_l4y7luncn5feKLo3OpJ2nSbZoC7mffolj5uy7s6KSKXFmnNWxGJ42IOrjZ47qqwqyS",
-        "y": "AW9ziIC4ZQQVSNmLlp59yYKrjRY0_VqO-GOIYQ9tYpPraBKUloEId6cI_vynCzlZWZtWpgOM3HPhYEgawQ703RjC",
-        "d": "AHwRaNaGs0jkj_pT6PK2aHep7dJK-yxyoL2bIfVRAceq1baxoiFDo3W14c8E2YZn1k5S53r4a11flhQdaB5guJ_X"
-      }
-    },
-    "didDocument": {
-      "@context": [
-        "https://www.w3.org/ns/did/v1",
-        "https://w3id.org/security/suites/jws-2020/v1"
-      ],
-      "id": "did:key:z2J9gaYxrKVpdoG9A4gRnmpnRCcxU6agDtFVVBVdn1JedouoZN7SzcyREXXzWgt3gGiwpoHq7K68X4m32D8HgzG8wv3sY5j7",
-      "verificationMethod": [
-        {
-          "id": "did:key:z2J9gaYxrKVpdoG9A4gRnmpnRCcxU6agDtFVVBVdn1JedouoZN7SzcyREXXzWgt3gGiwpoHq7K68X4m32D8HgzG8wv3sY5j7#z2J9gaYxrKVpdoG9A4gRnmpnRCcxU6agDtFVVBVdn1JedouoZN7SzcyREXXzWgt3gGiwpoHq7K68X4m32D8HgzG8wv3sY5j7",
-          "type": "JsonWebKey2020",
-          "controller": "did:key:z2J9gaYxrKVpdoG9A4gRnmpnRCcxU6agDtFVVBVdn1JedouoZN7SzcyREXXzWgt3gGiwpoHq7K68X4m32D8HgzG8wv3sY5j7",
-          "publicKeyJwk": {
-            "kty": "EC",
-            "crv": "P-521",
-            "x": "ASUHPMyichQ0QbHZ9ofNx_l4y7luncn5feKLo3OpJ2nSbZoC7mffolj5uy7s6KSKXFmnNWxGJ42IOrjZ47qqwqyS",
-            "y": "AW9ziIC4ZQQVSNmLlp59yYKrjRY0_VqO-GOIYQ9tYpPraBKUloEId6cI_vynCzlZWZtWpgOM3HPhYEgawQ703RjC"
-          }
-        }
-      ],
-      "assertionMethod": [
-        "did:key:z2J9gaYxrKVpdoG9A4gRnmpnRCcxU6agDtFVVBVdn1JedouoZN7SzcyREXXzWgt3gGiwpoHq7K68X4m32D8HgzG8wv3sY5j7#z2J9gaYxrKVpdoG9A4gRnmpnRCcxU6agDtFVVBVdn1JedouoZN7SzcyREXXzWgt3gGiwpoHq7K68X4m32D8HgzG8wv3sY5j7"
-      ],
-      "authentication": [
-        "did:key:z2J9gaYxrKVpdoG9A4gRnmpnRCcxU6agDtFVVBVdn1JedouoZN7SzcyREXXzWgt3gGiwpoHq7K68X4m32D8HgzG8wv3sY5j7#z2J9gaYxrKVpdoG9A4gRnmpnRCcxU6agDtFVVBVdn1JedouoZN7SzcyREXXzWgt3gGiwpoHq7K68X4m32D8HgzG8wv3sY5j7"
-      ],
-      "capabilityInvocation": [
-        "did:key:z2J9gaYxrKVpdoG9A4gRnmpnRCcxU6agDtFVVBVdn1JedouoZN7SzcyREXXzWgt3gGiwpoHq7K68X4m32D8HgzG8wv3sY5j7#z2J9gaYxrKVpdoG9A4gRnmpnRCcxU6agDtFVVBVdn1JedouoZN7SzcyREXXzWgt3gGiwpoHq7K68X4m32D8HgzG8wv3sY5j7"
-      ],
-      "capabilityDelegation": [
-        "did:key:z2J9gaYxrKVpdoG9A4gRnmpnRCcxU6agDtFVVBVdn1JedouoZN7SzcyREXXzWgt3gGiwpoHq7K68X4m32D8HgzG8wv3sY5j7#z2J9gaYxrKVpdoG9A4gRnmpnRCcxU6agDtFVVBVdn1JedouoZN7SzcyREXXzWgt3gGiwpoHq7K68X4m32D8HgzG8wv3sY5j7"
-      ],
-      "keyAgreement": [
-        "did:key:z2J9gaYxrKVpdoG9A4gRnmpnRCcxU6agDtFVVBVdn1JedouoZN7SzcyREXXzWgt3gGiwpoHq7K68X4m32D8HgzG8wv3sY5j7#z2J9gaYxrKVpdoG9A4gRnmpnRCcxU6agDtFVVBVdn1JedouoZN7SzcyREXXzWgt3gGiwpoHq7K68X4m32D8HgzG8wv3sY5j7"
-      ]
-    }
-  },
-  "did:key:z2J9gcGdb2nEyMDmzQYv2QZQcM1vXktvy1Pw4MduSWxGabLZ9XESSWLQgbuPhwnXN7zP7HpTzWqrMTzaY5zWe6hpzJ2jnw4f": {
-    "verificationMethod": {
-      "id": "#z2J9gcGdb2nEyMDmzQYv2QZQcM1vXktvy1Pw4MduSWxGabLZ9XESSWLQgbuPhwnXN7zP7HpTzWqrMTzaY5zWe6hpzJ2jnw4f",
-      "type": "JsonWebKey2020",
-      "controller": "did:key:z2J9gcGdb2nEyMDmzQYv2QZQcM1vXktvy1Pw4MduSWxGabLZ9XESSWLQgbuPhwnXN7zP7HpTzWqrMTzaY5zWe6hpzJ2jnw4f",
-      "publicKeyJwk": {
-        "kty": "EC",
-        "crv": "P-521",
-        "x": "AQgyFy6EwH3_u_KXPw8aTXTY7WSVytmbuJeFpq4U6LipxtSmBJe_jjRzms9qubnwm_fGoHMQlvQ1vzS2YLusR2V0",
-        "y": "Ab06MCcgoG7dM2I-VppdLV1k3lDoeHMvyYqHVfP05Ep2O7Zu0Qwd6IVzfZi9K0KMDud22wdnGUpUtFukZo0EeO15"
-      },
-      "privateKeyJwk": {
-        "kty": "EC",
-        "crv": "P-521",
-        "x": "AQgyFy6EwH3_u_KXPw8aTXTY7WSVytmbuJeFpq4U6LipxtSmBJe_jjRzms9qubnwm_fGoHMQlvQ1vzS2YLusR2V0",
-        "y": "Ab06MCcgoG7dM2I-VppdLV1k3lDoeHMvyYqHVfP05Ep2O7Zu0Qwd6IVzfZi9K0KMDud22wdnGUpUtFukZo0EeO15",
-        "d": "AbheZ-AA58LP4BpopCGCLH8ZoMdkdJaVOS6KK2NNmDCisr5_Ifxl-qcunrkOJ0CSauA4LJyNbCWcy28Bo6zgHTXQ"
-      }
-    },
-    "didDocument": {
-      "@context": [
-        "https://www.w3.org/ns/did/v1",
-        "https://w3id.org/security/suites/jws-2020/v1"
-      ],
-      "id": "did:key:z2J9gcGdb2nEyMDmzQYv2QZQcM1vXktvy1Pw4MduSWxGabLZ9XESSWLQgbuPhwnXN7zP7HpTzWqrMTzaY5zWe6hpzJ2jnw4f",
-      "verificationMethod": [
-        {
-          "id": "did:key:z2J9gcGdb2nEyMDmzQYv2QZQcM1vXktvy1Pw4MduSWxGabLZ9XESSWLQgbuPhwnXN7zP7HpTzWqrMTzaY5zWe6hpzJ2jnw4f#z2J9gcGdb2nEyMDmzQYv2QZQcM1vXktvy1Pw4MduSWxGabLZ9XESSWLQgbuPhwnXN7zP7HpTzWqrMTzaY5zWe6hpzJ2jnw4f",
-          "type": "JsonWebKey2020",
-          "controller": "did:key:z2J9gcGdb2nEyMDmzQYv2QZQcM1vXktvy1Pw4MduSWxGabLZ9XESSWLQgbuPhwnXN7zP7HpTzWqrMTzaY5zWe6hpzJ2jnw4f",
-          "publicKeyJwk": {
-            "kty": "EC",
-            "crv": "P-521",
-            "x": "AQgyFy6EwH3_u_KXPw8aTXTY7WSVytmbuJeFpq4U6LipxtSmBJe_jjRzms9qubnwm_fGoHMQlvQ1vzS2YLusR2V0",
-            "y": "Ab06MCcgoG7dM2I-VppdLV1k3lDoeHMvyYqHVfP05Ep2O7Zu0Qwd6IVzfZi9K0KMDud22wdnGUpUtFukZo0EeO15"
-          }
-        }
-      ],
-      "assertionMethod": [
-        "did:key:z2J9gcGdb2nEyMDmzQYv2QZQcM1vXktvy1Pw4MduSWxGabLZ9XESSWLQgbuPhwnXN7zP7HpTzWqrMTzaY5zWe6hpzJ2jnw4f#z2J9gcGdb2nEyMDmzQYv2QZQcM1vXktvy1Pw4MduSWxGabLZ9XESSWLQgbuPhwnXN7zP7HpTzWqrMTzaY5zWe6hpzJ2jnw4f"
-      ],
-      "authentication": [
-        "did:key:z2J9gcGdb2nEyMDmzQYv2QZQcM1vXktvy1Pw4MduSWxGabLZ9XESSWLQgbuPhwnXN7zP7HpTzWqrMTzaY5zWe6hpzJ2jnw4f#z2J9gcGdb2nEyMDmzQYv2QZQcM1vXktvy1Pw4MduSWxGabLZ9XESSWLQgbuPhwnXN7zP7HpTzWqrMTzaY5zWe6hpzJ2jnw4f"
-      ],
-      "capabilityInvocation": [
-        "did:key:z2J9gcGdb2nEyMDmzQYv2QZQcM1vXktvy1Pw4MduSWxGabLZ9XESSWLQgbuPhwnXN7zP7HpTzWqrMTzaY5zWe6hpzJ2jnw4f#z2J9gcGdb2nEyMDmzQYv2QZQcM1vXktvy1Pw4MduSWxGabLZ9XESSWLQgbuPhwnXN7zP7HpTzWqrMTzaY5zWe6hpzJ2jnw4f"
-      ],
-      "capabilityDelegation": [
-        "did:key:z2J9gcGdb2nEyMDmzQYv2QZQcM1vXktvy1Pw4MduSWxGabLZ9XESSWLQgbuPhwnXN7zP7HpTzWqrMTzaY5zWe6hpzJ2jnw4f#z2J9gcGdb2nEyMDmzQYv2QZQcM1vXktvy1Pw4MduSWxGabLZ9XESSWLQgbuPhwnXN7zP7HpTzWqrMTzaY5zWe6hpzJ2jnw4f"
-      ],
-      "keyAgreement": [
-        "did:key:z2J9gcGdb2nEyMDmzQYv2QZQcM1vXktvy1Pw4MduSWxGabLZ9XESSWLQgbuPhwnXN7zP7HpTzWqrMTzaY5zWe6hpzJ2jnw4f#z2J9gcGdb2nEyMDmzQYv2QZQcM1vXktvy1Pw4MduSWxGabLZ9XESSWLQgbuPhwnXN7zP7HpTzWqrMTzaY5zWe6hpzJ2jnw4f"
-      ]
-    }
-  },
-  "did:key:zDnaeTiq1PdzvZXUaMdezchcMJQpBdH2VN4pgrrEhMCCbmwSb": {
-    "verificationMethod": {
-      "id": "did:key:zDnaeTiq1PdzvZXUaMdezchcMJQpBdH2VN4pgrrEhMCCbmwSb#zDnaeTiq1PdzvZXUaMdezchcMJQpBdH2VN4pgrrEhMCCbmwSb",
-      "type": "P256Key2021",
-      "controller": "did:key:zDnaeTiq1PdzvZXUaMdezchcMJQpBdH2VN4pgrrEhMCCbmwSb",
-      "publicKeyBase58": "ekVhkcBFq3w7jULLkBVye6PwaTuMbhJYuzwFnNcgQAPV",
-      "privateKeyBase58": "9p4VRzdmhsnq869vQjVCTrRry7u4TtfRxhvBFJTGU2Cp"
-    },
-    "didDocument": {
-      "@context": [
-        "https://www.w3.org/ns/did/v1",
-        "https://w3id.org/security/suites/multikey-2021/v1"
-      ],
-      "id": "did:key:zDnaeTiq1PdzvZXUaMdezchcMJQpBdH2VN4pgrrEhMCCbmwSb",
-      "verificationMethod": [
-        {
-          "id": "did:key:zDnaeTiq1PdzvZXUaMdezchcMJQpBdH2VN4pgrrEhMCCbmwSb#zDnaeTiq1PdzvZXUaMdezchcMJQpBdH2VN4pgrrEhMCCbmwSb",
-          "type": "P256Key2021",
-          "controller": "did:key:zDnaeTiq1PdzvZXUaMdezchcMJQpBdH2VN4pgrrEhMCCbmwSb",
-          "publicKeyBase58": "ekVhkcBFq3w7jULLkBVye6PwaTuMbhJYuzwFnNcgQAPV"
-        }
-      ],
-      "assertionMethod": [
-        "did:key:zDnaeTiq1PdzvZXUaMdezchcMJQpBdH2VN4pgrrEhMCCbmwSb#zDnaeTiq1PdzvZXUaMdezchcMJQpBdH2VN4pgrrEhMCCbmwSb"
-      ],
-      "authentication": [
-        "did:key:zDnaeTiq1PdzvZXUaMdezchcMJQpBdH2VN4pgrrEhMCCbmwSb#zDnaeTiq1PdzvZXUaMdezchcMJQpBdH2VN4pgrrEhMCCbmwSb"
-      ],
-      "capabilityInvocation": [
-        "did:key:zDnaeTiq1PdzvZXUaMdezchcMJQpBdH2VN4pgrrEhMCCbmwSb#zDnaeTiq1PdzvZXUaMdezchcMJQpBdH2VN4pgrrEhMCCbmwSb"
-      ],
-      "capabilityDelegation": [
-        "did:key:zDnaeTiq1PdzvZXUaMdezchcMJQpBdH2VN4pgrrEhMCCbmwSb#zDnaeTiq1PdzvZXUaMdezchcMJQpBdH2VN4pgrrEhMCCbmwSb"
-      ],
-      "keyAgreement": [
-        "did:key:zDnaeTiq1PdzvZXUaMdezchcMJQpBdH2VN4pgrrEhMCCbmwSb#zDnaeTiq1PdzvZXUaMdezchcMJQpBdH2VN4pgrrEhMCCbmwSb"
-      ]
-    }
-  }
-}
--- a/did/testvectors/rsa.json
+++ b/did/testvectors/rsa.json
@@ -1,106 +0,0 @@
-{
-  "did:key:z4MXj1wBzi9jUstyPMS4jQqB6KdJaiatPkAtVtGc6bQEQEEsKTic4G7Rou3iBf9vPmT5dbkm9qsZsuVNjq8HCuW1w24nhBFGkRE4cd2Uf2tfrB3N7h4mnyPp1BF3ZttHTYv3DLUPi1zMdkULiow3M1GfXkoC6DoxDUm1jmN6GBj22SjVsr6dxezRVQc7aj9TxE7JLbMH1wh5X3kA58H3DFW8rnYMakFGbca5CB2Jf6CnGQZmL7o5uJAdTwXfy2iiiyPxXEGerMhHwhjTA1mKYobyk2CpeEcmvynADfNZ5MBvcCS7m3XkFCMNUYBS9NQ3fze6vMSUPsNa6GVYmKx2x6JrdEjCk3qRMMmyjnjCMfR4pXbRMZa3i": {
-    "publicKeyJwk": {
-      "kty": "RSA",
-      "n": "sbX82NTV6IylxCh7MfV4hlyvaniCajuP97GyOqSvTmoEdBOflFvZ06kR_9D6ctt45Fk6hskfnag2GG69NALVH2o4RCR6tQiLRpKcMRtDYE_thEmfBvDzm_VVkOIYfxu-Ipuo9J_S5XDNDjczx2v-3oDh5-CIHkU46hvFeCvpUS-L8TJSbgX0kjVk_m4eIb9wh63rtmD6Uz_KBtCo5mmR4TEtcLZKYdqMp3wCjN-TlgHiz_4oVXWbHUefCEe8rFnX1iQnpDHU49_SaXQoud1jCaexFn25n-Aa8f8bc5Vm-5SeRwidHa6ErvEhTvf1dz6GoNPp2iRvm-wJ1gxwWJEYPQ",
-      "e": "AQAB"
-    },
-    "privateKeyJwk": {
-      "kty": "RSA",
-      "n": "sbX82NTV6IylxCh7MfV4hlyvaniCajuP97GyOqSvTmoEdBOflFvZ06kR_9D6ctt45Fk6hskfnag2GG69NALVH2o4RCR6tQiLRpKcMRtDYE_thEmfBvDzm_VVkOIYfxu-Ipuo9J_S5XDNDjczx2v-3oDh5-CIHkU46hvFeCvpUS-L8TJSbgX0kjVk_m4eIb9wh63rtmD6Uz_KBtCo5mmR4TEtcLZKYdqMp3wCjN-TlgHiz_4oVXWbHUefCEe8rFnX1iQnpDHU49_SaXQoud1jCaexFn25n-Aa8f8bc5Vm-5SeRwidHa6ErvEhTvf1dz6GoNPp2iRvm-wJ1gxwWJEYPQ",
-      "e": "AQAB",
-      "d": "Eym3sT4KLwBzo5pl5nY83-hAti92iLQRizkrKe22RbNi9Y1kKOBatdtGaJqFVztZZu5ERGKNuTd5VdsjJeekSbXviVGRtdHNCvgmRZlWA5261AgIUPxMmKW062GmGJbKQvscFfziBgHK6tyDBd8cZavqMFHi-7ilMYF7IsFBcJKM85x_30pnfd4YwhGQIc9hzv238aOwYKg8c-MzYhEVUnL273jaiLVlfZWQ5ca-GXJHmdOb_Y4fE5gpXfPFBseqleXsMp0VuXxCEsN30LIJHYscdPtbzLD3LFbuMJglFbQqYqssqymILGqJ7Tc2mB2LmXevfqRWz5D7A_K1WzvuoQ",
-      "p": "ANwlk-eVXPQplCmr7VddX8MAlN5YWvfXkbJe2KOhyS7naSlfMyeW6I0z6q6MAI4h8cs9yEzwmN1oEl_6tZ_-NPd1Oda2Hq5jHx0Jq2P5exIMMbzTTHbB-LjMB4c-b1DZLOrL7ZpCS-CcEHvBz4phzHa7gqz2SrNIGozufbjS_tK5",
-      "q": "AM6nKRFqRgHiUtGc0xJawpXJeokGhJQFfinDlakjkptuRQNv0BOz8fRUxk6zwwYrx-T_Yk-0oAFsD8qWIgiXg8Wf0bdRW0L0dIH4c6ff3mSREXeAT2h3XDaF0F1YKns08WyYWtOuIiYWChyO9sweK7AUuaOJ-6lr6lElzTGHVf-l",
-      "dp": "AIHFBPK2cRzchaIq3rVpLVHdveNzYexG_nOOxVVvwRANCUiB_b2Qj3Ts7aIGlS0zhTyxJql0Cig5eNtrBjVRvBdC2t1ebaeOdoC_enBsV8fDuG3-gExg-ySz4JwwiZ2252tg2qbb_a5hULYjARwpmkVDMzyR0mbsUfpRe3q_pcbB",
-      "dq": "Id2bCVOVLXHdiKReor9k7A8cmaAL0gYkasu2lwVRXU9w1-NXAiOXHydVaEhlSXmbRJflkJJVNmZzIAwCf830tko-oAAhKJPPFA2XRoeVdn2fkynf2YrV_cloICP2skI23kkJeW8sAXnTJmL3ZvP6zNxYn8hZCaa5u5qqSdeX7FE",
-      "qi": "WKIToXXnjl7GDbz7jCNbX9nWYOE5BDNzVmwiVOnyGoTZfwJ_qtgizj7pOapxi6dT9S9mMavmeAi6LAsEe1WUWtaKSNhbNh0PUGGXlXHGlhkS8jI1ot0e-scrHAuACE567YQ4VurpNorPKtZ5UENXIn74DEmt4l5m6902VF3X5Wo"
-    },
-    "didDocument": {
-      "@context": [
-        "https://www.w3.org/ns/did/v1",
-        "https://w3id.org/security/suites/jws-2020/v1"
-      ],
-      "id": "did:key:z4MXj1wBzi9jUstyPMS4jQqB6KdJaiatPkAtVtGc6bQEQEEsKTic4G7Rou3iBf9vPmT5dbkm9qsZsuVNjq8HCuW1w24nhBFGkRE4cd2Uf2tfrB3N7h4mnyPp1BF3ZttHTYv3DLUPi1zMdkULiow3M1GfXkoC6DoxDUm1jmN6GBj22SjVsr6dxezRVQc7aj9TxE7JLbMH1wh5X3kA58H3DFW8rnYMakFGbca5CB2Jf6CnGQZmL7o5uJAdTwXfy2iiiyPxXEGerMhHwhjTA1mKYobyk2CpeEcmvynADfNZ5MBvcCS7m3XkFCMNUYBS9NQ3fze6vMSUPsNa6GVYmKx2x6JrdEjCk3qRMMmyjnjCMfR4pXbRMZa3i",
-      "verificationMethod": [
-        {
-          "id": "did:key:z4MXj1wBzi9jUstyPMS4jQqB6KdJaiatPkAtVtGc6bQEQEEsKTic4G7Rou3iBf9vPmT5dbkm9qsZsuVNjq8HCuW1w24nhBFGkRE4cd2Uf2tfrB3N7h4mnyPp1BF3ZttHTYv3DLUPi1zMdkULiow3M1GfXkoC6DoxDUm1jmN6GBj22SjVsr6dxezRVQc7aj9TxE7JLbMH1wh5X3kA58H3DFW8rnYMakFGbca5CB2Jf6CnGQZmL7o5uJAdTwXfy2iiiyPxXEGerMhHwhjTA1mKYobyk2CpeEcmvynADfNZ5MBvcCS7m3XkFCMNUYBS9NQ3fze6vMSUPsNa6GVYmKx2x6JrdEjCk3qRMMmyjnjCMfR4pXbRMZa3i#z4MXj1wBzi9jUstyPMS4jQqB6KdJaiatPkAtVtGc6bQEQEEsKTic4G7Rou3iBf9vPmT5dbkm9qsZsuVNjq8HCuW1w24nhBFGkRE4cd2Uf2tfrB3N7h4mnyPp1BF3ZttHTYv3DLUPi1zMdkULiow3M1GfXkoC6DoxDUm1jmN6GBj22SjVsr6dxezRVQc7aj9TxE7JLbMH1wh5X3kA58H3DFW8rnYMakFGbca5CB2Jf6CnGQZmL7o5uJAdTwXfy2iiiyPxXEGerMhHwhjTA1mKYobyk2CpeEcmvynADfNZ5MBvcCS7m3XkFCMNUYBS9NQ3fze6vMSUPsNa6GVYmKx2x6JrdEjCk3qRMMmyjnjCMfR4pXbRMZa3i",
-          "type": "JsonWebKey2020",
-          "controller": "did:key:z4MXj1wBzi9jUstyPMS4jQqB6KdJaiatPkAtVtGc6bQEQEEsKTic4G7Rou3iBf9vPmT5dbkm9qsZsuVNjq8HCuW1w24nhBFGkRE4cd2Uf2tfrB3N7h4mnyPp1BF3ZttHTYv3DLUPi1zMdkULiow3M1GfXkoC6DoxDUm1jmN6GBj22SjVsr6dxezRVQc7aj9TxE7JLbMH1wh5X3kA58H3DFW8rnYMakFGbca5CB2Jf6CnGQZmL7o5uJAdTwXfy2iiiyPxXEGerMhHwhjTA1mKYobyk2CpeEcmvynADfNZ5MBvcCS7m3XkFCMNUYBS9NQ3fze6vMSUPsNa6GVYmKx2x6JrdEjCk3qRMMmyjnjCMfR4pXbRMZa3i",
-          "publicKeyJwk": {
-            "kty": "RSA",
-            "n": "sbX82NTV6IylxCh7MfV4hlyvaniCajuP97GyOqSvTmoEdBOflFvZ06kR_9D6ctt45Fk6hskfnag2GG69NALVH2o4RCR6tQiLRpKcMRtDYE_thEmfBvDzm_VVkOIYfxu-Ipuo9J_S5XDNDjczx2v-3oDh5-CIHkU46hvFeCvpUS-L8TJSbgX0kjVk_m4eIb9wh63rtmD6Uz_KBtCo5mmR4TEtcLZKYdqMp3wCjN-TlgHiz_4oVXWbHUefCEe8rFnX1iQnpDHU49_SaXQoud1jCaexFn25n-Aa8f8bc5Vm-5SeRwidHa6ErvEhTvf1dz6GoNPp2iRvm-wJ1gxwWJEYPQ",
-            "e": "AQAB"
-          }
-        }
-      ],
-      "authentication": [
-        "did:key:z4MXj1wBzi9jUstyPMS4jQqB6KdJaiatPkAtVtGc6bQEQEEsKTic4G7Rou3iBf9vPmT5dbkm9qsZsuVNjq8HCuW1w24nhBFGkRE4cd2Uf2tfrB3N7h4mnyPp1BF3ZttHTYv3DLUPi1zMdkULiow3M1GfXkoC6DoxDUm1jmN6GBj22SjVsr6dxezRVQc7aj9TxE7JLbMH1wh5X3kA58H3DFW8rnYMakFGbca5CB2Jf6CnGQZmL7o5uJAdTwXfy2iiiyPxXEGerMhHwhjTA1mKYobyk2CpeEcmvynADfNZ5MBvcCS7m3XkFCMNUYBS9NQ3fze6vMSUPsNa6GVYmKx2x6JrdEjCk3qRMMmyjnjCMfR4pXbRMZa3i#z4MXj1wBzi9jUstyPMS4jQqB6KdJaiatPkAtVtGc6bQEQEEsKTic4G7Rou3iBf9vPmT5dbkm9qsZsuVNjq8HCuW1w24nhBFGkRE4cd2Uf2tfrB3N7h4mnyPp1BF3ZttHTYv3DLUPi1zMdkULiow3M1GfXkoC6DoxDUm1jmN6GBj22SjVsr6dxezRVQc7aj9TxE7JLbMH1wh5X3kA58H3DFW8rnYMakFGbca5CB2Jf6CnGQZmL7o5uJAdTwXfy2iiiyPxXEGerMhHwhjTA1mKYobyk2CpeEcmvynADfNZ5MBvcCS7m3XkFCMNUYBS9NQ3fze6vMSUPsNa6GVYmKx2x6JrdEjCk3qRMMmyjnjCMfR4pXbRMZa3i"
-      ],
-      "assertionMethod": [
-        "did:key:z4MXj1wBzi9jUstyPMS4jQqB6KdJaiatPkAtVtGc6bQEQEEsKTic4G7Rou3iBf9vPmT5dbkm9qsZsuVNjq8HCuW1w24nhBFGkRE4cd2Uf2tfrB3N7h4mnyPp1BF3ZttHTYv3DLUPi1zMdkULiow3M1GfXkoC6DoxDUm1jmN6GBj22SjVsr6dxezRVQc7aj9TxE7JLbMH1wh5X3kA58H3DFW8rnYMakFGbca5CB2Jf6CnGQZmL7o5uJAdTwXfy2iiiyPxXEGerMhHwhjTA1mKYobyk2CpeEcmvynADfNZ5MBvcCS7m3XkFCMNUYBS9NQ3fze6vMSUPsNa6GVYmKx2x6JrdEjCk3qRMMmyjnjCMfR4pXbRMZa3i#z4MXj1wBzi9jUstyPMS4jQqB6KdJaiatPkAtVtGc6bQEQEEsKTic4G7Rou3iBf9vPmT5dbkm9qsZsuVNjq8HCuW1w24nhBFGkRE4cd2Uf2tfrB3N7h4mnyPp1BF3ZttHTYv3DLUPi1zMdkULiow3M1GfXkoC6DoxDUm1jmN6GBj22SjVsr6dxezRVQc7aj9TxE7JLbMH1wh5X3kA58H3DFW8rnYMakFGbca5CB2Jf6CnGQZmL7o5uJAdTwXfy2iiiyPxXEGerMhHwhjTA1mKYobyk2CpeEcmvynADfNZ5MBvcCS7m3XkFCMNUYBS9NQ3fze6vMSUPsNa6GVYmKx2x6JrdEjCk3qRMMmyjnjCMfR4pXbRMZa3i"
-      ],
-      "capabilityDelegation": [
-        "did:key:z4MXj1wBzi9jUstyPMS4jQqB6KdJaiatPkAtVtGc6bQEQEEsKTic4G7Rou3iBf9vPmT5dbkm9qsZsuVNjq8HCuW1w24nhBFGkRE4cd2Uf2tfrB3N7h4mnyPp1BF3ZttHTYv3DLUPi1zMdkULiow3M1GfXkoC6DoxDUm1jmN6GBj22SjVsr6dxezRVQc7aj9TxE7JLbMH1wh5X3kA58H3DFW8rnYMakFGbca5CB2Jf6CnGQZmL7o5uJAdTwXfy2iiiyPxXEGerMhHwhjTA1mKYobyk2CpeEcmvynADfNZ5MBvcCS7m3XkFCMNUYBS9NQ3fze6vMSUPsNa6GVYmKx2x6JrdEjCk3qRMMmyjnjCMfR4pXbRMZa3i#z4MXj1wBzi9jUstyPMS4jQqB6KdJaiatPkAtVtGc6bQEQEEsKTic4G7Rou3iBf9vPmT5dbkm9qsZsuVNjq8HCuW1w24nhBFGkRE4cd2Uf2tfrB3N7h4mnyPp1BF3ZttHTYv3DLUPi1zMdkULiow3M1GfXkoC6DoxDUm1jmN6GBj22SjVsr6dxezRVQc7aj9TxE7JLbMH1wh5X3kA58H3DFW8rnYMakFGbca5CB2Jf6CnGQZmL7o5uJAdTwXfy2iiiyPxXEGerMhHwhjTA1mKYobyk2CpeEcmvynADfNZ5MBvcCS7m3XkFCMNUYBS9NQ3fze6vMSUPsNa6GVYmKx2x6JrdEjCk3qRMMmyjnjCMfR4pXbRMZa3i"
-      ],
-      "capabilityInvocation": [
-        "did:key:z4MXj1wBzi9jUstyPMS4jQqB6KdJaiatPkAtVtGc6bQEQEEsKTic4G7Rou3iBf9vPmT5dbkm9qsZsuVNjq8HCuW1w24nhBFGkRE4cd2Uf2tfrB3N7h4mnyPp1BF3ZttHTYv3DLUPi1zMdkULiow3M1GfXkoC6DoxDUm1jmN6GBj22SjVsr6dxezRVQc7aj9TxE7JLbMH1wh5X3kA58H3DFW8rnYMakFGbca5CB2Jf6CnGQZmL7o5uJAdTwXfy2iiiyPxXEGerMhHwhjTA1mKYobyk2CpeEcmvynADfNZ5MBvcCS7m3XkFCMNUYBS9NQ3fze6vMSUPsNa6GVYmKx2x6JrdEjCk3qRMMmyjnjCMfR4pXbRMZa3i#z4MXj1wBzi9jUstyPMS4jQqB6KdJaiatPkAtVtGc6bQEQEEsKTic4G7Rou3iBf9vPmT5dbkm9qsZsuVNjq8HCuW1w24nhBFGkRE4cd2Uf2tfrB3N7h4mnyPp1BF3ZttHTYv3DLUPi1zMdkULiow3M1GfXkoC6DoxDUm1jmN6GBj22SjVsr6dxezRVQc7aj9TxE7JLbMH1wh5X3kA58H3DFW8rnYMakFGbca5CB2Jf6CnGQZmL7o5uJAdTwXfy2iiiyPxXEGerMhHwhjTA1mKYobyk2CpeEcmvynADfNZ5MBvcCS7m3XkFCMNUYBS9NQ3fze6vMSUPsNa6GVYmKx2x6JrdEjCk3qRMMmyjnjCMfR4pXbRMZa3i"
-      ],
-      "keyAgreement": [
-        "did:key:z4MXj1wBzi9jUstyPMS4jQqB6KdJaiatPkAtVtGc6bQEQEEsKTic4G7Rou3iBf9vPmT5dbkm9qsZsuVNjq8HCuW1w24nhBFGkRE4cd2Uf2tfrB3N7h4mnyPp1BF3ZttHTYv3DLUPi1zMdkULiow3M1GfXkoC6DoxDUm1jmN6GBj22SjVsr6dxezRVQc7aj9TxE7JLbMH1wh5X3kA58H3DFW8rnYMakFGbca5CB2Jf6CnGQZmL7o5uJAdTwXfy2iiiyPxXEGerMhHwhjTA1mKYobyk2CpeEcmvynADfNZ5MBvcCS7m3XkFCMNUYBS9NQ3fze6vMSUPsNa6GVYmKx2x6JrdEjCk3qRMMmyjnjCMfR4pXbRMZa3i#z4MXj1wBzi9jUstyPMS4jQqB6KdJaiatPkAtVtGc6bQEQEEsKTic4G7Rou3iBf9vPmT5dbkm9qsZsuVNjq8HCuW1w24nhBFGkRE4cd2Uf2tfrB3N7h4mnyPp1BF3ZttHTYv3DLUPi1zMdkULiow3M1GfXkoC6DoxDUm1jmN6GBj22SjVsr6dxezRVQc7aj9TxE7JLbMH1wh5X3kA58H3DFW8rnYMakFGbca5CB2Jf6CnGQZmL7o5uJAdTwXfy2iiiyPxXEGerMhHwhjTA1mKYobyk2CpeEcmvynADfNZ5MBvcCS7m3XkFCMNUYBS9NQ3fze6vMSUPsNa6GVYmKx2x6JrdEjCk3qRMMmyjnjCMfR4pXbRMZa3i"
-      ]
-    }
-  },
-  "did:key: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": {
-    "publicKeyJwk": {
-      "kty": "RSA",
-      "n": "qMCkFFRFWtzUyZeK8mgJdyM6SEQcXC5E6JwCRVDld-jlJs8sXNOE_vliexq34wZRQ4hk53-JPFlvZ_QjRgIxdUxSMiZ3S5hlNVvvRaue6SMakA9ugQhnfXaWORro0UbPuHLms-bg5StDP8-8tIezu9c1H1FjwPcdbV6rAvKhyhnsM10qP3v2CPbdE0q3FOsihoKuTelImtO110E7N6fLn4U3EYbC4OyViqlrP1o_1M-R-tiM1cb4pD7XKJnIs6ryZdfOQSPBJwjNqSdN6Py_tdrFgPDTyacSSdpTVADOM2IMAoYbhV1N5APhnjOHBRFyKkF1HffQKpmXQLBqvUNNjuhmpVKWBtrTdcCKrglFXiw0cKGHKxIirjmiOlB_HYHg5UdosyE3_1Txct2U7-WBB6QXak1UgxCzgKYBDI8UPA0RlkUuHHP_Zg0fVXrXIInHO04MYxUeSps5qqyP6dJBu_v_BDn3zUq6LYFwJ_-xsU7zbrKYB4jaRlHPoCj_eDC-rSA2uQ4KXHBB8_aAqNFC9ukWxc26Ifz9dF968DLuL30bi-ZAa2oUh492Pw1bg89J7i4qTsOOfpQvGyDV7TGhKuUG3Hbumfr2w16S-_3EI2RIyd1nYsflE6ZmCkZQMG_lwDAFXaqfyGKEDouJuja4XH8r4fGWeGTrozIoniXT1HU",
-      "e": "AQAB"
-    },
-    "privateKeyJwk": {
-      "kty": "RSA",
-      "n": "qMCkFFRFWtzUyZeK8mgJdyM6SEQcXC5E6JwCRVDld-jlJs8sXNOE_vliexq34wZRQ4hk53-JPFlvZ_QjRgIxdUxSMiZ3S5hlNVvvRaue6SMakA9ugQhnfXaWORro0UbPuHLms-bg5StDP8-8tIezu9c1H1FjwPcdbV6rAvKhyhnsM10qP3v2CPbdE0q3FOsihoKuTelImtO110E7N6fLn4U3EYbC4OyViqlrP1o_1M-R-tiM1cb4pD7XKJnIs6ryZdfOQSPBJwjNqSdN6Py_tdrFgPDTyacSSdpTVADOM2IMAoYbhV1N5APhnjOHBRFyKkF1HffQKpmXQLBqvUNNjuhmpVKWBtrTdcCKrglFXiw0cKGHKxIirjmiOlB_HYHg5UdosyE3_1Txct2U7-WBB6QXak1UgxCzgKYBDI8UPA0RlkUuHHP_Zg0fVXrXIInHO04MYxUeSps5qqyP6dJBu_v_BDn3zUq6LYFwJ_-xsU7zbrKYB4jaRlHPoCj_eDC-rSA2uQ4KXHBB8_aAqNFC9ukWxc26Ifz9dF968DLuL30bi-ZAa2oUh492Pw1bg89J7i4qTsOOfpQvGyDV7TGhKuUG3Hbumfr2w16S-_3EI2RIyd1nYsflE6ZmCkZQMG_lwDAFXaqfyGKEDouJuja4XH8r4fGWeGTrozIoniXT1HU",
-      "e": "AQAB",
-      "d": "TMq1H-clVG7PihkjCqJbRFLMj9wmx6_qfauYwPBKK-HYfWujdW5vxBO6Q-jpqy7RxhiISmxYCBVuw_BuKMqQtR8Q_G9StBzaWYjHfn3Vp6Poz4umLqOjbI2NWNks_ybpGbd30oAK8V5ZkO04ozJpkN4i92hzK3mIc5-z1HiTNUPMn6cStab0VCn6em_ylltV774CEcRJ3OLgid7OUspRt_rID3qyreYbOulTu5WXHIGEnZDzrciIlz1dbcVldpUhD0VAP5ZErD2uUP5oztBNcTTn0YBF8CrOALuQVdaz_t_sNS3P0kWeT1eQ0QwDskO5Hw-Aey2tFeWk1bQyLoQ1A0jsw8mDbkO2zrGfJoxmVBkueTK-q64_n1kV7W1aeJFRj4NwEWmwcrs8GSOGOn38fGB_Y3Kci04qvD6L0QZbFkAVzcJracnxbTdHCEX0jsAAPbYC8M_8PyrPJvPC4IAAWTRrSRbysb7r7viRf4A1vTK9VT7uYyxj7Kzx2cU12d9QBXYfdQ2744bUE7HqN-Vh2rHvv2l5v6vzBRoZ5_OhHHVeUYwC9LouE9lSVAObbFM-Qe1SvzbbwN91LziI7UzUc_xMAEiNwt6PpnIAWAhdvSRawEllTwUcn89udHd5UhiAcm-RQOqXIdA9Aly6d8TT8R1p-ZnQ_gbZyBZeS39AuvU=",
-      "p": "1p4cypsJeTyVXXc5bQpvzVenPy78OHXtGcFQnbTjW8x1GsvJ-rlHAcjUImd44pgNQNe-iYpeUg3KqfONeedNgQCFd8kP7GoVAd45mEvsGBXvjoCXOBMQlsf8UU_hm_LKhVvTvTmMGoudnNv5qYNDMCGJGzwoG-aSvROlIoXzHmDnusZ-hKsDxM9j0PPz21t99Y_Fr30Oq3FIWXPVmLYmfyZYQkxm9a9WNMkqRbwJuMwGI6V9ABsQ1dW_KJzp_aEBbJLcDr9DsWhm9ErLeAlzyaDYEai6wCtKm9em4LDwCbKhJq3hWEp1sIG-hwx1sk7N4i-b8lBijjEQE-dbSQxUlw==",
-      "q": "yUqMejfrttGujadj7Uf7q91KM7nbQGny4TjD-CqibcFE-s2_DExCgP1wfhUPfJr2uPQDIe4g12uaNoa5GbCSDaQwEmQpurC_5mazt-z-_tbI24hoPQm5Hq67fZz-jDE_3OccLPLIWtajJqmxHbbB5VqskMuXo8KDxPRfBQBhykmb9_5M8pY2ggZOV4shCUn5E9nOnvibvw5Wx4CBtWUtca4rhpd3mVen1d8xCe4xTG_ni_w1lwdxzU1GmRFqgTuZWzL0r2FKzJg7hju1SOEe4tKMxQ-xs2HyNaMM__SLsNmS3lsYZ8r2hqcjEMQQZI0T_O-3BjIpyg986P8j055E0w==",
-      "dp": "DujzJRw6P0L3OYQT6EBmXgSt6NTRzvZaX4SvnhU4CmOc6xynTpTamwQhwLYhjtRzb0LNyO5k-RxeLQpvlL1-A-1OWHEOeyUvim6u36a-ozm659KFLu8cIu2H2PpMuTHX4gXsIuRBmIKEk6YwpRcqbsiVpt-6BZ4yKZKY0Vou9rhSwQYTOhJLc7vYumaIVX_4szumxzdP8pcvKI_EkhRtfj3iudBnAsCIo6gqGKgkoMMD1iwkEALRW5m66w5jrywlVi6pvRiKkmOna2da1V8KvUJAYJGxT7JyP3tu64M_Wd0gFvjTg_fAT1_kJau27YlOAl2-Xso43poH_OoAzIVfxw==",
-      "dq": "XI6Z76z9BxB9mgcpTLc3wzw63XQNnB3bn7JRcjBwhdVD2at3uLjsL5HaAy-98kbzQfJ56kUr9sI0o_Po8yYc0ob3z80c3wpdAx2gb-dbDWVH8KJVhBOPestPzR--cEpJGlNuwkBU3mgplyKaHZamq8a46M-lB5jurEbN1mfpj3GvdSYKzdVCdSFfLqP76eCI1pblinW4b-6w-oVdn0JJ1icHPpkxVmJW-2Hok69iHcqrBtRO9AZpTsTEvKekeI4mIyhYGLi9AzzQyhV0c3GImTXFoutng5t7GyzBUoRpI0W4YeQzYa6TEzGRTylIfGPemATF_OReENp0TlLbb3gsHw==",
-      "qi": "m7uZk4AsOfJ1V2RY8lmEF518toCV7juKuS_b_OUx8B0dRG0_kbF1cH-Tmrgsya3bwkYx5HeZG81rX7SRjh-0nVPOMW3tGqU5U9f59DXqvOItJIJ6wvWvWXnuna2-NstYCotFQWadIKjk4wjEKj-a4NJt4D_F4csyeyqWOH2DiUFzBGGxxdEoD5t_HEeNXuWQ6-SiV0x5ZVMln3TSh7IOMl70Smm8HcQF5mOsWg3N0wIg-yffxPrs6r15TRuW1MfT-bZk2GLrtHF1TkIoT1e00jWK4eBl2oRxiJGONUBMTEHV85Fr0yztnA99AgHnrMbE_4ehvev4h5DEWvFyFuJN_g=="
-    },
-    "didDocument": {
-      "@context": [
-        "https://www.w3.org/ns/did/v1",
-        "https://w3id.org/security/suites/jws-2020/v1"
-      ],
-      "id": "did:key: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",
-      "verificationMethod": [
-        {
-          "id": "did:key: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#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",
-          "type": "JsonWebKey2020",
-          "controller": "did:key: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",
-          "publicKeyJwk": {
-            "kty": "RSA",
-            "n": "qMCkFFRFWtzUyZeK8mgJdyM6SEQcXC5E6JwCRVDld-jlJs8sXNOE_vliexq34wZRQ4hk53-JPFlvZ_QjRgIxdUxSMiZ3S5hlNVvvRaue6SMakA9ugQhnfXaWORro0UbPuHLms-bg5StDP8-8tIezu9c1H1FjwPcdbV6rAvKhyhnsM10qP3v2CPbdE0q3FOsihoKuTelImtO110E7N6fLn4U3EYbC4OyViqlrP1o_1M-R-tiM1cb4pD7XKJnIs6ryZdfOQSPBJwjNqSdN6Py_tdrFgPDTyacSSdpTVADOM2IMAoYbhV1N5APhnjOHBRFyKkF1HffQKpmXQLBqvUNNjuhmpVKWBtrTdcCKrglFXiw0cKGHKxIirjmiOlB_HYHg5UdosyE3_1Txct2U7-WBB6QXak1UgxCzgKYBDI8UPA0RlkUuHHP_Zg0fVXrXIInHO04MYxUeSps5qqyP6dJBu_v_BDn3zUq6LYFwJ_-xsU7zbrKYB4jaRlHPoCj_eDC-rSA2uQ4KXHBB8_aAqNFC9ukWxc26Ifz9dF968DLuL30bi-ZAa2oUh492Pw1bg89J7i4qTsOOfpQvGyDV7TGhKuUG3Hbumfr2w16S-_3EI2RIyd1nYsflE6ZmCkZQMG_lwDAFXaqfyGKEDouJuja4XH8r4fGWeGTrozIoniXT1HU",
-            "e": "AQAB"
-          }
-        }
-      ],
-      "authentication": [
-        "did:key: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#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"
-      ],
-      "assertionMethod": [
-        "did:key: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#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"
-      ],
-      "capabilityDelegation": [
-        "did:key: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#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"
-      ],
-      "capabilityInvocation": [
-        "did:key: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#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"
-      ],
-      "keyAgreement": [
-        "did:key: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#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"
-      ]
-    }
-  }
-}
--- a/did/testvectors/secp256k1.json
+++ b/did/testvectors/secp256k1.json
@@ -1,257 +0,0 @@
-{
-  "did:key:zQ3shokFTS3brHcDQrn82RUDfCZESWL1ZdCEJwekUDPQiYBme": {
-    "seed": "9085d2bef69286a6cbb51623c8fa258629945cd55ca705cc4e66700396894e0c",
-    "verificationKeyPair": {
-      "id": "#zQ3shokFTS3brHcDQrn82RUDfCZESWL1ZdCEJwekUDPQiYBme",
-      "type": "EcdsaSecp256k1VerificationKey2019",
-      "controller": "did:key:zQ3shokFTS3brHcDQrn82RUDfCZESWL1ZdCEJwekUDPQiYBme",
-      "publicKeyBase58": "23o6Sau8NxxzXcgSc3PLcNxrzrZpbLeBn1izfv3jbKhuv",
-      "privateKeyBase58": "AjA4cyPUbbfW5wr6iZeRbJLhgH3qDt6q6LMkRw36KpxT"
-    },
-    "didDocument": {
-      "@context": [
-        "https://www.w3.org/ns/did/v1",
-        "https://w3id.org/security/suites/secp256k1-2019/v1"
-      ],
-      "id": "did:key:zQ3shokFTS3brHcDQrn82RUDfCZESWL1ZdCEJwekUDPQiYBme",
-      "verificationMethod": [
-        {
-          "id": "did:key:zQ3shokFTS3brHcDQrn82RUDfCZESWL1ZdCEJwekUDPQiYBme#zQ3shokFTS3brHcDQrn82RUDfCZESWL1ZdCEJwekUDPQiYBme",
-          "type": "EcdsaSecp256k1VerificationKey2019",
-          "controller": "did:key:zQ3shokFTS3brHcDQrn82RUDfCZESWL1ZdCEJwekUDPQiYBme",
-          "publicKeyBase58": "23o6Sau8NxxzXcgSc3PLcNxrzrZpbLeBn1izfv3jbKhuv"
-        }
-      ],
-      "assertionMethod": [
-        "did:key:zQ3shokFTS3brHcDQrn82RUDfCZESWL1ZdCEJwekUDPQiYBme#zQ3shokFTS3brHcDQrn82RUDfCZESWL1ZdCEJwekUDPQiYBme"
-      ],
-      "authentication": [
-        "did:key:zQ3shokFTS3brHcDQrn82RUDfCZESWL1ZdCEJwekUDPQiYBme#zQ3shokFTS3brHcDQrn82RUDfCZESWL1ZdCEJwekUDPQiYBme"
-      ],
-      "capabilityInvocation": [
-        "did:key:zQ3shokFTS3brHcDQrn82RUDfCZESWL1ZdCEJwekUDPQiYBme#zQ3shokFTS3brHcDQrn82RUDfCZESWL1ZdCEJwekUDPQiYBme"
-      ],
-      "capabilityDelegation": [
-        "did:key:zQ3shokFTS3brHcDQrn82RUDfCZESWL1ZdCEJwekUDPQiYBme#zQ3shokFTS3brHcDQrn82RUDfCZESWL1ZdCEJwekUDPQiYBme"
-      ],
-      "keyAgreement": [
-        "did:key:zQ3shokFTS3brHcDQrn82RUDfCZESWL1ZdCEJwekUDPQiYBme#zQ3shokFTS3brHcDQrn82RUDfCZESWL1ZdCEJwekUDPQiYBme"
-      ]
-    }
-  },
-  "did:key:zQ3shtxV1FrJfhqE1dvxYRcCknWNjHc3c5X1y3ZSoPDi2aur2": {
-    "seed": "f0f4df55a2b3ff13051ea814a8f24ad00f2e469af73c363ac7e9fb999a9072ed",
-    "verificationKeyPair": {
-      "id": "#zQ3shtxV1FrJfhqE1dvxYRcCknWNjHc3c5X1y3ZSoPDi2aur2",
-      "type": "EcdsaSecp256k1VerificationKey2019",
-      "controller": "did:key:zQ3shtxV1FrJfhqE1dvxYRcCknWNjHc3c5X1y3ZSoPDi2aur2",
-      "publicKeyBase58": "291KzQhqCPC18PqH83XKhxv1HdqrdnxyS7dh15t2uNRzJ",
-      "privateKeyBase58": "HDbR1D5W3CoNbUKYzUbHH2PRF1atshtVupXgXTQhNB9E"
-    },
-    "didDocument": {
-      "@context": [
-        "https://www.w3.org/ns/did/v1",
-        "https://w3id.org/security/suites/secp256k1-2019/v1"
-      ],
-      "id": "did:key:zQ3shtxV1FrJfhqE1dvxYRcCknWNjHc3c5X1y3ZSoPDi2aur2",
-      "verificationMethod": [
-        {
-          "id": "did:key:zQ3shtxV1FrJfhqE1dvxYRcCknWNjHc3c5X1y3ZSoPDi2aur2#zQ3shtxV1FrJfhqE1dvxYRcCknWNjHc3c5X1y3ZSoPDi2aur2",
-          "type": "EcdsaSecp256k1VerificationKey2019",
-          "controller": "did:key:zQ3shtxV1FrJfhqE1dvxYRcCknWNjHc3c5X1y3ZSoPDi2aur2",
-          "publicKeyBase58": "291KzQhqCPC18PqH83XKhxv1HdqrdnxyS7dh15t2uNRzJ"
-        }
-      ],
-      "assertionMethod": [
-        "did:key:zQ3shtxV1FrJfhqE1dvxYRcCknWNjHc3c5X1y3ZSoPDi2aur2#zQ3shtxV1FrJfhqE1dvxYRcCknWNjHc3c5X1y3ZSoPDi2aur2"
-      ],
-      "authentication": [
-        "did:key:zQ3shtxV1FrJfhqE1dvxYRcCknWNjHc3c5X1y3ZSoPDi2aur2#zQ3shtxV1FrJfhqE1dvxYRcCknWNjHc3c5X1y3ZSoPDi2aur2"
-      ],
-      "capabilityInvocation": [
-        "did:key:zQ3shtxV1FrJfhqE1dvxYRcCknWNjHc3c5X1y3ZSoPDi2aur2#zQ3shtxV1FrJfhqE1dvxYRcCknWNjHc3c5X1y3ZSoPDi2aur2"
-      ],
-      "capabilityDelegation": [
-        "did:key:zQ3shtxV1FrJfhqE1dvxYRcCknWNjHc3c5X1y3ZSoPDi2aur2#zQ3shtxV1FrJfhqE1dvxYRcCknWNjHc3c5X1y3ZSoPDi2aur2"
-      ],
-      "keyAgreement": [
-        "did:key:zQ3shtxV1FrJfhqE1dvxYRcCknWNjHc3c5X1y3ZSoPDi2aur2#zQ3shtxV1FrJfhqE1dvxYRcCknWNjHc3c5X1y3ZSoPDi2aur2"
-      ]
-    }
-  },
-  "did:key:zQ3shZc2QzApp2oymGvQbzP8eKheVshBHbU4ZYjeXqwSKEn6N": {
-    "seed": "6b0b91287ae3348f8c2f2552d766f30e3604867e34adc37ccbb74a8e6b893e02",
-    "verificationKeyPair": {
-      "id": "#zQ3shZc2QzApp2oymGvQbzP8eKheVshBHbU4ZYjeXqwSKEn6N",
-      "type": "EcdsaSecp256k1VerificationKey2019",
-      "controller": "did:key:zQ3shZc2QzApp2oymGvQbzP8eKheVshBHbU4ZYjeXqwSKEn6N",
-      "publicKeyBase58": "oesQ92MLiAkt2pjBcJFbW7H4DvzKJv22cotjYbmC2JEe",
-      "privateKeyBase58": "8CrrWVdzDnvaS7vS5dd2HetFSebwEN46XEFrNDdtWZSZ"
-    },
-    "didDocument": {
-      "@context": [
-        "https://www.w3.org/ns/did/v1",
-        "https://w3id.org/security/suites/secp256k1-2019/v1"
-      ],
-      "id": "did:key:zQ3shZc2QzApp2oymGvQbzP8eKheVshBHbU4ZYjeXqwSKEn6N",
-      "verificationMethod": [
-        {
-          "id": "did:key:zQ3shZc2QzApp2oymGvQbzP8eKheVshBHbU4ZYjeXqwSKEn6N#zQ3shZc2QzApp2oymGvQbzP8eKheVshBHbU4ZYjeXqwSKEn6N",
-          "type": "EcdsaSecp256k1VerificationKey2019",
-          "controller": "did:key:zQ3shZc2QzApp2oymGvQbzP8eKheVshBHbU4ZYjeXqwSKEn6N",
-          "publicKeyBase58": "oesQ92MLiAkt2pjBcJFbW7H4DvzKJv22cotjYbmC2JEe"
-        }
-      ],
-      "assertionMethod": [
-        "did:key:zQ3shZc2QzApp2oymGvQbzP8eKheVshBHbU4ZYjeXqwSKEn6N#zQ3shZc2QzApp2oymGvQbzP8eKheVshBHbU4ZYjeXqwSKEn6N"
-      ],
-      "authentication": [
-        "did:key:zQ3shZc2QzApp2oymGvQbzP8eKheVshBHbU4ZYjeXqwSKEn6N#zQ3shZc2QzApp2oymGvQbzP8eKheVshBHbU4ZYjeXqwSKEn6N"
-      ],
-      "capabilityInvocation": [
-        "did:key:zQ3shZc2QzApp2oymGvQbzP8eKheVshBHbU4ZYjeXqwSKEn6N#zQ3shZc2QzApp2oymGvQbzP8eKheVshBHbU4ZYjeXqwSKEn6N"
-      ],
-      "capabilityDelegation": [
-        "did:key:zQ3shZc2QzApp2oymGvQbzP8eKheVshBHbU4ZYjeXqwSKEn6N#zQ3shZc2QzApp2oymGvQbzP8eKheVshBHbU4ZYjeXqwSKEn6N"
-      ],
-      "keyAgreement": [
-        "did:key:zQ3shZc2QzApp2oymGvQbzP8eKheVshBHbU4ZYjeXqwSKEn6N#zQ3shZc2QzApp2oymGvQbzP8eKheVshBHbU4ZYjeXqwSKEn6N"
-      ]
-    }
-  },
-  "did:key:zQ3shadCps5JLAHcZiuX5YUtWHHL8ysBJqFLWvjZDKAWUBGzy": {
-    "seed": "c0a6a7c560d37d7ba81ecee9543721ff48fea3e0fb827d42c1868226540fac15",
-    "verificationKeyPair": {
-      "id": "#zQ3shadCps5JLAHcZiuX5YUtWHHL8ysBJqFLWvjZDKAWUBGzy",
-      "type": "EcdsaSecp256k1VerificationKey2019",
-      "controller": "did:key:zQ3shadCps5JLAHcZiuX5YUtWHHL8ysBJqFLWvjZDKAWUBGzy",
-      "publicKeyBase58": "pg3p1vprqePgUoqfAQ1TTgxhL6zLYhHyzooR1pqLxo9F",
-      "privateKeyBase58": "Dy2fnt8ba4NmbRBXas9bo1BtYgpYFr6ThpFhJbuA3PRn"
-    },
-    "didDocument": {
-      "@context": [
-        "https://www.w3.org/ns/did/v1",
-        "https://w3id.org/security/suites/secp256k1-2019/v1"
-      ],
-      "id": "did:key:zQ3shadCps5JLAHcZiuX5YUtWHHL8ysBJqFLWvjZDKAWUBGzy",
-      "verificationMethod": [
-        {
-          "id": "did:key:zQ3shadCps5JLAHcZiuX5YUtWHHL8ysBJqFLWvjZDKAWUBGzy#zQ3shadCps5JLAHcZiuX5YUtWHHL8ysBJqFLWvjZDKAWUBGzy",
-          "type": "EcdsaSecp256k1VerificationKey2019",
-          "controller": "did:key:zQ3shadCps5JLAHcZiuX5YUtWHHL8ysBJqFLWvjZDKAWUBGzy",
-          "publicKeyBase58": "pg3p1vprqePgUoqfAQ1TTgxhL6zLYhHyzooR1pqLxo9F"
-        }
-      ],
-      "assertionMethod": [
-        "did:key:zQ3shadCps5JLAHcZiuX5YUtWHHL8ysBJqFLWvjZDKAWUBGzy#zQ3shadCps5JLAHcZiuX5YUtWHHL8ysBJqFLWvjZDKAWUBGzy"
-      ],
-      "authentication": [
-        "did:key:zQ3shadCps5JLAHcZiuX5YUtWHHL8ysBJqFLWvjZDKAWUBGzy#zQ3shadCps5JLAHcZiuX5YUtWHHL8ysBJqFLWvjZDKAWUBGzy"
-      ],
-      "capabilityInvocation": [
-        "did:key:zQ3shadCps5JLAHcZiuX5YUtWHHL8ysBJqFLWvjZDKAWUBGzy#zQ3shadCps5JLAHcZiuX5YUtWHHL8ysBJqFLWvjZDKAWUBGzy"
-      ],
-      "capabilityDelegation": [
-        "did:key:zQ3shadCps5JLAHcZiuX5YUtWHHL8ysBJqFLWvjZDKAWUBGzy#zQ3shadCps5JLAHcZiuX5YUtWHHL8ysBJqFLWvjZDKAWUBGzy"
-      ],
-      "keyAgreement": [
-        "did:key:zQ3shadCps5JLAHcZiuX5YUtWHHL8ysBJqFLWvjZDKAWUBGzy#zQ3shadCps5JLAHcZiuX5YUtWHHL8ysBJqFLWvjZDKAWUBGzy"
-      ]
-    }
-  },
-  "did:key:zQ3shptjE6JwdkeKN4fcpnYQY3m9Cet3NiHdAfpvSUZBFoKBj": {
-    "seed": "175a232d440be1e0788f25488a73d9416c04b6f924bea6354bf05dd2f1a75133",
-    "verificationKeyPair": {
-      "id": "#zQ3shptjE6JwdkeKN4fcpnYQY3m9Cet3NiHdAfpvSUZBFoKBj",
-      "type": "EcdsaSecp256k1VerificationKey2019",
-      "controller": "did:key:zQ3shptjE6JwdkeKN4fcpnYQY3m9Cet3NiHdAfpvSUZBFoKBj",
-      "publicKeyBase58": "24waDFAUAS16UpZwQQTXVEAmm17rQRjadjuAeBDW8aqL1",
-      "privateKeyBase58": "2aA6WgZnPiVMBX3LvKSTg3KaFKyzfKpvEacixB3yyTgv"
-    },
-    "didDocument": {
-      "@context": [
-        "https://www.w3.org/ns/did/v1",
-        "https://w3id.org/security/suites/secp256k1-2019/v1"
-      ],
-      "id": "did:key:zQ3shptjE6JwdkeKN4fcpnYQY3m9Cet3NiHdAfpvSUZBFoKBj",
-      "verificationMethod": [
-        {
-          "id": "did:key:zQ3shptjE6JwdkeKN4fcpnYQY3m9Cet3NiHdAfpvSUZBFoKBj#zQ3shptjE6JwdkeKN4fcpnYQY3m9Cet3NiHdAfpvSUZBFoKBj",
-          "type": "EcdsaSecp256k1VerificationKey2019",
-          "controller": "did:key:zQ3shptjE6JwdkeKN4fcpnYQY3m9Cet3NiHdAfpvSUZBFoKBj",
-          "publicKeyBase58": "24waDFAUAS16UpZwQQTXVEAmm17rQRjadjuAeBDW8aqL1"
-        }
-      ],
-      "assertionMethod": [
-        "did:key:zQ3shptjE6JwdkeKN4fcpnYQY3m9Cet3NiHdAfpvSUZBFoKBj#zQ3shptjE6JwdkeKN4fcpnYQY3m9Cet3NiHdAfpvSUZBFoKBj"
-      ],
-      "authentication": [
-        "did:key:zQ3shptjE6JwdkeKN4fcpnYQY3m9Cet3NiHdAfpvSUZBFoKBj#zQ3shptjE6JwdkeKN4fcpnYQY3m9Cet3NiHdAfpvSUZBFoKBj"
-      ],
-      "capabilityInvocation": [
-        "did:key:zQ3shptjE6JwdkeKN4fcpnYQY3m9Cet3NiHdAfpvSUZBFoKBj#zQ3shptjE6JwdkeKN4fcpnYQY3m9Cet3NiHdAfpvSUZBFoKBj"
-      ],
-      "capabilityDelegation": [
-        "did:key:zQ3shptjE6JwdkeKN4fcpnYQY3m9Cet3NiHdAfpvSUZBFoKBj#zQ3shptjE6JwdkeKN4fcpnYQY3m9Cet3NiHdAfpvSUZBFoKBj"
-      ],
-      "keyAgreement": [
-        "did:key:zQ3shptjE6JwdkeKN4fcpnYQY3m9Cet3NiHdAfpvSUZBFoKBj#zQ3shptjE6JwdkeKN4fcpnYQY3m9Cet3NiHdAfpvSUZBFoKBj"
-      ]
-    }
-  },
-  "did:key:zQ3shjmnWpSDEbYKpaFm4kTs9kXyqG6N2QwCYHNPP4yubqgJS": {
-    "verificationKeyPair": {
-      "id": "did:key:zQ3shjmnWpSDEbYKpaFm4kTs9kXyqG6N2QwCYHNPP4yubqgJS#zQ3shjmnWpSDEbYKpaFm4kTs9kXyqG6N2QwCYHNPP4yubqgJS",
-      "type": "JsonWebKey2020",
-      "controller": "did:key:zQ3shjmnWpSDEbYKpaFm4kTs9kXyqG6N2QwCYHNPP4yubqgJS",
-      "publicKeyJwk": {
-        "kty": "EC",
-        "crv": "secp256k1",
-        "x": "TEIJN9vnTq1EXMkqzo7yN_867-foKc2pREv45Fw_QA8",
-        "y": "9yiymlzdxKCiRbYq7p-ArRB-C1ytjHE-eb7RDTi6rVc"
-      },
-      "privateKeyJwk": {
-        "kty": "EC",
-        "crv": "secp256k1",
-        "x": "TEIJN9vnTq1EXMkqzo7yN_867-foKc2pREv45Fw_QA8",
-        "y": "9yiymlzdxKCiRbYq7p-ArRB-C1ytjHE-eb7RDTi6rVc",
-        "d": "J5yKm7OXFsXDEutteGYeT0CAfQJwIlHLSYkQxKtgiyo"
-      }
-    },
-    "didDocument": {
-      "@context": [
-        "https://www.w3.org/ns/did/v1",
-        "https://w3id.org/security/suites/jws-2020/v1"
-      ],
-      "id": "did:key:zQ3shjmnWpSDEbYKpaFm4kTs9kXyqG6N2QwCYHNPP4yubqgJS",
-      "verificationMethod": [
-        {
-          "id": "did:key:zQ3shjmnWpSDEbYKpaFm4kTs9kXyqG6N2QwCYHNPP4yubqgJS#zQ3shjmnWpSDEbYKpaFm4kTs9kXyqG6N2QwCYHNPP4yubqgJS",
-          "type": "JsonWebKey2020",
-          "controller": "did:key:zQ3shjmnWpSDEbYKpaFm4kTs9kXyqG6N2QwCYHNPP4yubqgJS",
-          "publicKeyJwk": {
-            "kty": "EC",
-            "crv": "secp256k1",
-            "x": "TEIJN9vnTq1EXMkqzo7yN_867-foKc2pREv45Fw_QA8",
-            "y": "9yiymlzdxKCiRbYq7p-ArRB-C1ytjHE-eb7RDTi6rVc"
-          }
-        }
-      ],
-      "assertionMethod": [
-        "did:key:zQ3shjmnWpSDEbYKpaFm4kTs9kXyqG6N2QwCYHNPP4yubqgJS#zQ3shjmnWpSDEbYKpaFm4kTs9kXyqG6N2QwCYHNPP4yubqgJS"
-      ],
-      "authentication": [
-        "did:key:zQ3shjmnWpSDEbYKpaFm4kTs9kXyqG6N2QwCYHNPP4yubqgJS#zQ3shjmnWpSDEbYKpaFm4kTs9kXyqG6N2QwCYHNPP4yubqgJS"
-      ],
-      "capabilityInvocation": [
-        "did:key:zQ3shjmnWpSDEbYKpaFm4kTs9kXyqG6N2QwCYHNPP4yubqgJS#zQ3shjmnWpSDEbYKpaFm4kTs9kXyqG6N2QwCYHNPP4yubqgJS"
-      ],
-      "capabilityDelegation": [
-        "did:key:zQ3shjmnWpSDEbYKpaFm4kTs9kXyqG6N2QwCYHNPP4yubqgJS#zQ3shjmnWpSDEbYKpaFm4kTs9kXyqG6N2QwCYHNPP4yubqgJS"
-      ],
-      "keyAgreement": [
-        "did:key:zQ3shjmnWpSDEbYKpaFm4kTs9kXyqG6N2QwCYHNPP4yubqgJS#zQ3shjmnWpSDEbYKpaFm4kTs9kXyqG6N2QwCYHNPP4yubqgJS"
-      ]
-    }
-  }
-}
--- a/did/testvectors/vectors.go
+++ b/did/testvectors/vectors.go
@@ -1,163 +0,0 @@
-//go:build jwx_es256k
-
-package testvectors
-
-import (
-	"crypto/ecdsa"
-	"crypto/ed25519"
-	"crypto/elliptic"
-	"crypto/rsa"
-	"crypto/x509"
-	"encoding/json"
-	"errors"
-
-	"github.com/decred/dcrd/dcrec/secp256k1/v4"
-	"github.com/lestrrat-go/jwx/v2/jwk"
-	"github.com/libp2p/go-libp2p/core/crypto"
-	"github.com/mr-tron/base58"
-)
-
-type Vectors map[string]Vector
-
-// This is pretty gross but the structure allows the repeated Verifier,
-// PublicKeyJwk and PublicKeyBase58 account for the fact that the test
-// files are very inconsistent.
-type Vector struct {
-	VerificationKeyPair Verifier
-	VerificationMethod  Verifier
-	PublicKeyJwk        json.RawMessage
-	DidDocument         json.RawMessage // TODO: if we start producing DID documents, we should test this too
-}
-
-type Verifier struct {
-	ID              string
-	Type            string
-	PublicKeyBase58 string
-	PublicKeyJwk    json.RawMessage
-}
-
-func (v Vector) PubKey() (crypto.PubKey, error) {
-	// If the public key is in base58
-	if pubB58 := v.PubKeyBase58(); len(pubB58) > 0 {
-		pubBytes, err := base58.Decode(pubB58)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-
-		t, err := v.PubKeyType()
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-
-		var unmarshaler crypto.PubKeyUnmarshaller
-
-		switch t {
-		case "Ed25519VerificationKey2018":
-			unmarshaler = crypto.UnmarshalEd25519PublicKey
-		case "EcdsaSecp256k1VerificationKey2019":
-			unmarshaler = crypto.UnmarshalSecp256k1PublicKey
-		// This is weak as it assumes the P256 curve - that's all the vectors contain (for now)
-		case "P256Key2021":
-			unmarshaler = compressedEcdsaPublicKeyUnmarshaler
-		default:
-			return nil, errors.New("failed to resolve unmarshaler")
-		}
-
-		return unmarshaler(pubBytes)
-	}
-
-	// If the public key is in a JWK
-	if pubJwk := v.PubKeyJwk(); len(pubJwk) > 0 {
-		key, err := jwk.ParseKey(pubJwk)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-
-		var a any
-
-		if err := key.Raw(&a); err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-
-		switch a.(type) {
-		case *ecdsa.PublicKey:
-			epub := a.(*ecdsa.PublicKey)
-
-			if epub.Curve == secp256k1.S256() {
-				bytes := append([]byte{0x04}, append(epub.X.Bytes(), epub.Y.Bytes()...)...)
-
-				return crypto.UnmarshalSecp256k1PublicKey(bytes)
-			}
-
-			asn1, err := x509.MarshalPKIXPublicKey(epub)
-			if err != nil {
-				return nil, err
-			}
-
-			return crypto.UnmarshalECDSAPublicKey(asn1)
-		case ed25519.PublicKey:
-			return crypto.UnmarshalEd25519PublicKey(a.(ed25519.PublicKey))
-		case *rsa.PublicKey:
-			asn1, err := x509.MarshalPKIXPublicKey(a.(*rsa.PublicKey))
-			if err != nil {
-				return nil, err
-			}
-
-			return crypto.UnmarshalRsaPublicKey(asn1)
-		default:
-			return nil, errors.New("unsupported key type")
-		}
-	}
-
-	// If we don't find a public key at all
-	return nil, errors.New("vector's public key not found")
-}
-
-func (v Vector) PubKeyBase58() string {
-	if len(v.VerificationKeyPair.PublicKeyBase58) > 0 {
-		return v.VerificationKeyPair.PublicKeyBase58
-	}
-
-	return v.VerificationMethod.PublicKeyBase58
-}
-
-func (v Vector) PubKeyJwk() json.RawMessage {
-	if len(v.VerificationKeyPair.PublicKeyJwk) > 0 {
-		return v.VerificationKeyPair.PublicKeyJwk
-	}
-
-	if len(v.VerificationMethod.PublicKeyJwk) > 0 {
-		return v.VerificationMethod.PublicKeyJwk
-	}
-
-	return v.PublicKeyJwk
-}
-
-func (v Vector) PubKeyType() (string, error) {
-	if len(v.VerificationKeyPair.Type) > 0 {
-		return v.VerificationKeyPair.Type, nil
-	}
-
-	if len(v.VerificationMethod.Type) > 0 {
-		return v.VerificationMethod.Type, nil
-	}
-
-	return "", errors.New("vector's type not found")
-}
-
-func compressedEcdsaPublicKeyUnmarshaler(data []byte) (crypto.PubKey, error) {
-	x, y := elliptic.UnmarshalCompressed(elliptic.P256(), data)
-
-	ecdsaPublicKey := ecdsa.PublicKey{
-		Curve: elliptic.P256(),
-		X:     x,
-		Y:     y,
-	}
-
-	asn1, err := x509.MarshalPKIXPublicKey(&ecdsaPublicKey)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	return crypto.UnmarshalECDSAPublicKey(asn1)
-}
--- a/did/testvectors/x25519.json
+++ b/did/testvectors/x25519.json
@@ -1,80 +0,0 @@
-{
-  "didDocument": {
-    "did:key:z6LSeu9HkTHSfLLeUs2nnzUSNedgDUevfNQgQjQC23ZCit6F": {
-      "@context": [
-        "https://www.w3.org/ns/did/v1",
-        "https://w3id.org/security/suites/x25519-2019/v1"
-      ],
-      "id": "did:key:z6LSeu9HkTHSfLLeUs2nnzUSNedgDUevfNQgQjQC23ZCit6F",
-      "verificationMethod": [
-        {
-          "id": "did:key:z6LSeu9HkTHSfLLeUs2nnzUSNedgDUevfNQgQjQC23ZCit6F#z6LSeu9HkTHSfLLeUs2nnzUSNedgDUevfNQgQjQC23ZCit6F",
-          "type": "X25519KeyAgreementKey2019",
-          "controller": "did:key:z6LSeu9HkTHSfLLeUs2nnzUSNedgDUevfNQgQjQC23ZCit6F",
-          "publicKeyBase58": "4Dy8E9UaZscuPUf2GLxV44RCNL7oxmEXXkgWXaug1WKV"
-        }
-      ],
-      "keyAgreement": [
-        "did:key:z6LSeu9HkTHSfLLeUs2nnzUSNedgDUevfNQgQjQC23ZCit6F#z6LSeu9HkTHSfLLeUs2nnzUSNedgDUevfNQgQjQC23ZCit6F"
-      ]
-    },
-    "did:key:z6LStiZsmxiK4odS4Sb6JmdRFuJ6e1SYP157gtiCyJKfrYha": {
-      "@context": [
-        "https://www.w3.org/ns/did/v1",
-        "https://w3id.org/security/suites/x25519-2019/v1"
-      ],
-      "id": "did:key:z6LStiZsmxiK4odS4Sb6JmdRFuJ6e1SYP157gtiCyJKfrYha",
-      "verificationMethod": [
-        {
-          "id": "did:key:z6LStiZsmxiK4odS4Sb6JmdRFuJ6e1SYP157gtiCyJKfrYha#z6LStiZsmxiK4odS4Sb6JmdRFuJ6e1SYP157gtiCyJKfrYha",
-          "type": "X25519KeyAgreementKey2019",
-          "controller": "did:key:z6LStiZsmxiK4odS4Sb6JmdRFuJ6e1SYP157gtiCyJKfrYha",
-          "publicKeyBase58": "J3PiFeuSyLugy4DKn87TwK5cnruRgPtxouzXUqg99Avp"
-        }
-      ],
-      "keyAgreement": [
-        "did:key:z6LStiZsmxiK4odS4Sb6JmdRFuJ6e1SYP157gtiCyJKfrYha#z6LStiZsmxiK4odS4Sb6JmdRFuJ6e1SYP157gtiCyJKfrYha"
-      ]
-    },
-    "did:key:z6LSoMdmJz2Djah2P4L9taDmtqeJ6wwd2HhKZvNToBmvaczQ": {
-      "@context": [
-        "https://www.w3.org/ns/did/v1",
-        "https://w3id.org/security/suites/x25519-2019/v1"
-      ],
-      "id": "did:key:z6LSoMdmJz2Djah2P4L9taDmtqeJ6wwd2HhKZvNToBmvaczQ",
-      "verificationMethod": [
-        {
-          "id": "did:key:z6LSoMdmJz2Djah2P4L9taDmtqeJ6wwd2HhKZvNToBmvaczQ#z6LSoMdmJz2Djah2P4L9taDmtqeJ6wwd2HhKZvNToBmvaczQ",
-          "type": "X25519KeyAgreementKey2019",
-          "controller": "did:key:z6LSoMdmJz2Djah2P4L9taDmtqeJ6wwd2HhKZvNToBmvaczQ",
-          "publicKeyBase58": "CgTbngDMe7yHHfxPMvhpaFRpFoQWKgXAgwenJj8PsFDe"
-        }
-      ],
-      "keyAgreement": [
-        "did:key:z6LSoMdmJz2Djah2P4L9taDmtqeJ6wwd2HhKZvNToBmvaczQ#z6LSoMdmJz2Djah2P4L9taDmtqeJ6wwd2HhKZvNToBmvaczQ"
-      ]
-    },
-    "did:key:z6LSrzxMVydCourtpA6JLEYupT7ZUQ34hLfQZfRN5H47zLdz": {
-      "@context": [
-        "https://www.w3.org/ns/did/v1",
-        "https://w3id.org/security/suites/jws-2020/v1"
-      ],
-      "id": "did:key:z6LSrzxMVydCourtpA6JLEYupT7ZUQ34hLfQZfRN5H47zLdz",
-      "verificationMethod": [
-        {
-          "id": "did:key:z6LSrzxMVydCourtpA6JLEYupT7ZUQ34hLfQZfRN5H47zLdz#z6LSrzxMVydCourtpA6JLEYupT7ZUQ34hLfQZfRN5H47zLdz",
-          "type": "JsonWebKey2020",
-          "controller": "did:key:z6LSrzxMVydCourtpA6JLEYupT7ZUQ34hLfQZfRN5H47zLdz",
-          "publicKeyJwk": {
-            "kty": "OKP",
-            "crv": "X25519",
-            "x": "467ap28wHJGEXJAb4mLrokqq8A-txA_KmoQTcj31XzU"
-          }
-        }
-      ],
-      "keyAgreement": [
-        "did:key:z6LSrzxMVydCourtpA6JLEYupT7ZUQ34hLfQZfRN5H47zLdz#z6LSrzxMVydCourtpA6JLEYupT7ZUQ34hLfQZfRN5H47zLdz"
-      ]
-    }
-  }
-}
--- a/go.mod
+++ b/go.mod
@@ -1,15 +1,13 @@
 module github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan

-go 1.23
+go 1.22
+
+toolchain go1.22.4

 require (
-	github.com/dave/jennifer v1.7.1
-	github.com/decred/dcrd/dcrec/secp256k1/v4 v4.3.0
 	github.com/ipfs/go-cid v0.4.1
 	github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime v0.21.0
-	github.com/lestrrat-go/jwx/v2 v2.1.1
 	github.com/libp2p/go-libp2p v0.36.3
-	github.com/mr-tron/base58 v1.2.0
 	github.com/multiformats/go-multibase v0.2.0
 	github.com/multiformats/go-multicodec v0.9.0
 	github.com/multiformats/go-multihash v0.2.3
@@ -20,25 +18,19 @@ require (

 require (
 	github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1 // indirect
-	github.com/goccy/go-json v0.10.3 // indirect
+	github.com/decred/dcrd/dcrec/secp256k1/v4 v4.3.0 // indirect
 	github.com/google/go-cmp v0.5.9 // indirect
 	github.com/klauspost/cpuid/v2 v2.2.8 // indirect
-	github.com/lestrrat-go/blackmagic v1.0.2 // indirect
-	github.com/lestrrat-go/httpcc v1.0.1 // indirect
-	github.com/lestrrat-go/httprc v1.0.6 // indirect
-	github.com/lestrrat-go/iter v1.0.2 // indirect
-	github.com/lestrrat-go/option v1.0.1 // indirect
 	github.com/minio/sha256-simd v1.0.1 // indirect
+	github.com/mr-tron/base58 v1.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/multiformats/go-base32 v0.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/multiformats/go-base36 v0.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/polydawn/refmt v0.89.0 // indirect
-	github.com/segmentio/asm v1.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/spaolacci/murmur3 v1.1.0 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/crypto v0.25.0 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/sys v0.22.0 // indirect
 	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.34.2 // indirect
-	gopkg.in/check.v1 v1.0.0-20190902080502-41f04d3bba15 // indirect
 	gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1 // indirect
 	lukechampine.com/blake3 v1.3.0 // indirect
 )
--- a/go.sum
+++ b/go.sum
@@ -1,8 +1,5 @@
 github.com/BurntSushi/toml v0.3.1/go.mod h1:xHWCNGjB5oqiDr8zfno3MHue2Ht5sIBksp03qcyfWMU=
 github.com/cpuguy83/go-md2man/v2 v2.0.0-20190314233015-f79a8a8ca69d/go.mod h1:maD7wRr/U5Z6m/iR4s+kqSMx2CaBsrgA7czyZG/E6dU=
-github.com/dave/jennifer v1.7.1 h1:B4jJJDHelWcDhlRQxWeo0Npa/pYKBLrirAQoTN45txo=
-github.com/dave/jennifer v1.7.1/go.mod h1:nXbxhEmQfOZhWml3D1cDK5M1FLnMSozpbFN/m3RmGZc=
-github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.0/go.mod h1:J7Y8YcW2NihsgmVo/mv3lAwl/skON4iLHjSsI+c5H38=
 github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1 h1:vj9j/u1bqnvCEfJOwUhtlOARqs3+rkHYY13jYWTU97c=
 github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1/go.mod h1:J7Y8YcW2NihsgmVo/mv3lAwl/skON4iLHjSsI+c5H38=
 github.com/decred/dcrd/crypto/blake256 v1.0.1 h1:7PltbUIQB7u/FfZ39+DGa/ShuMyJ5ilcvdfma9wOH6Y=
@@ -12,8 +9,6 @@ github.com/decred/dcrd/dcrec/secp256k1/v4 v4.3.0/go.mod h1:v57UDF4pDQJcEfFUCRop3
 github.com/frankban/quicktest v1.14.6 h1:7Xjx+VpznH+oBnejlPUj8oUpdxnVs4f8XU8WnHkI4W8=
 github.com/frankban/quicktest v1.14.6/go.mod h1:4ptaffx2x8+WTWXmUCuVU6aPUX1/Mz7zb5vbUoiM6w0=
 github.com/go-yaml/yaml v2.1.0+incompatible/go.mod h1:w2MrLa16VYP0jy6N7M5kHaCkaLENm+P+Tv+MfurjSw0=
-github.com/goccy/go-json v0.10.3 h1:KZ5WoDbxAIgm2HNbYckL0se1fHD6rz5j4ywS6ebzDqA=
-github.com/goccy/go-json v0.10.3/go.mod h1:oq7eo15ShAhp70Anwd5lgX2pLfOS3QCiwU/PULtXL6M=
 github.com/google/go-cmp v0.5.9 h1:O2Tfq5qg4qc4AmwVlvv0oLiVAGB7enBSJ2x2DqQFi38=
 github.com/google/go-cmp v0.5.9/go.mod h1:17dUlkBOakJ0+DkrSSNjCkIjxS6bF9zb3elmeNGIjoY=
 github.com/gopherjs/gopherjs v0.0.0-20181017120253-0766667cb4d1 h1:EGx4pi6eqNxGaHF6qqu48+N2wcFQ5qg5FXgOdqsJ5d8=
@@ -30,18 +25,6 @@ github.com/kr/pretty v0.3.1 h1:flRD4NNwYAUpkphVc1HcthR4KEIFJ65n8Mw5qdRn3LE=
 github.com/kr/pretty v0.3.1/go.mod h1:hoEshYVHaxMs3cyo3Yncou5ZscifuDolrwPKZanG3xk=
 github.com/kr/text v0.2.0 h1:5Nx0Ya0ZqY2ygV366QzturHI13Jq95ApcVaJBhpS+AY=
 github.com/kr/text v0.2.0/go.mod h1:eLer722TekiGuMkidMxC/pM04lWEeraHUUmBw8l2grE=
-github.com/lestrrat-go/blackmagic v1.0.2 h1:Cg2gVSc9h7sz9NOByczrbUvLopQmXrfFx//N+AkAr5k=
-github.com/lestrrat-go/blackmagic v1.0.2/go.mod h1:UrEqBzIR2U6CnzVyUtfM6oZNMt/7O7Vohk2J0OGSAtU=
-github.com/lestrrat-go/httpcc v1.0.1 h1:ydWCStUeJLkpYyjLDHihupbn2tYmZ7m22BGkcvZZrIE=
-github.com/lestrrat-go/httpcc v1.0.1/go.mod h1:qiltp3Mt56+55GPVCbTdM9MlqhvzyuL6W/NMDA8vA5E=
-github.com/lestrrat-go/httprc v1.0.6 h1:qgmgIRhpvBqexMJjA/PmwSvhNk679oqD1RbovdCGW8k=
-github.com/lestrrat-go/httprc v1.0.6/go.mod h1:mwwz3JMTPBjHUkkDv/IGJ39aALInZLrhBp0X7KGUZlo=
-github.com/lestrrat-go/iter v1.0.2 h1:gMXo1q4c2pHmC3dn8LzRhJfP1ceCbgSiT9lUydIzltI=
-github.com/lestrrat-go/iter v1.0.2/go.mod h1:Momfcq3AnRlRjI5b5O8/G5/BvpzrhoFTZcn06fEOPt4=
-github.com/lestrrat-go/jwx/v2 v2.1.1 h1:Y2ltVl8J6izLYFs54BVcpXLv5msSW4o8eXwnzZLI32E=
-github.com/lestrrat-go/jwx/v2 v2.1.1/go.mod h1:4LvZg7oxu6Q5VJwn7Mk/UwooNRnTHUpXBj2C4j3HNx0=
-github.com/lestrrat-go/option v1.0.1 h1:oAzP2fvZGQKWkvHa1/SAcFolBEca1oN+mQ7eooNBEYU=
-github.com/lestrrat-go/option v1.0.1/go.mod h1:5ZHFbivi4xwXxhxY9XHDe2FHo6/Z7WWmtT7T5nBBp3I=
 github.com/libp2p/go-buffer-pool v0.1.0 h1:oK4mSFcQz7cTQIfqbe4MIj9gLW+mnanjyFtc6cdF0Y8=
 github.com/libp2p/go-buffer-pool v0.1.0/go.mod h1:N+vh8gMqimBzdKkSMVuydVDq+UV5QTWy5HSiZacSbPg=
 github.com/libp2p/go-libp2p v0.36.3 h1:NHz30+G7D8Y8YmznrVZZla0ofVANrvBl2c+oARfMeDQ=
@@ -71,8 +54,6 @@ github.com/polydawn/refmt v0.89.0/go.mod h1:/zvteZs/GwLtCgZ4BL6CBsk9IKIlexP43ObX
 github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal v1.9.0 h1:73kH8U+JUqXU8lRuOHeVHaa/SZPifC7BkcraZVejAe8=
 github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal v1.9.0/go.mod h1:WtVeX8xhTBvf0smdhujwtBcq4Qrzq/fJaraNFVN+nFs=
 github.com/russross/blackfriday/v2 v2.0.1/go.mod h1:+Rmxgy9KzJVeS9/2gXHxylqXiyQDYRxCVz55jmeOWTM=
-github.com/segmentio/asm v1.2.0 h1:9BQrFxC+YOHJlTlHGkTrFWf59nbL3XnCoFLTwDCI7ys=
-github.com/segmentio/asm v1.2.0/go.mod h1:BqMnlJP91P8d+4ibuonYZw9mfnzI9HfxselHZr5aAcs=
 github.com/shurcooL/sanitized_anchor_name v1.0.0/go.mod h1:1NzhyTcUVG4SuEtjjoZeVRXNmyL/1OwPU0+IJeTBvfc=
 github.com/smartystreets/assertions v1.2.0 h1:42S6lae5dvLc7BrLu/0ugRtcFVjoJNMC/N3yZFZkDFs=
 github.com/smartystreets/assertions v1.2.0/go.mod h1:tcbTF8ujkAEcZ8TElKY+i30BzYlVhC/LOxJk7iOWnoo=
@@ -80,9 +61,6 @@ github.com/smartystreets/goconvey v1.7.2 h1:9RBaZCeXEQ3UselpuwUQHltGVXvdwm6cv1hg
 github.com/smartystreets/goconvey v1.7.2/go.mod h1:Vw0tHAZW6lzCRk3xgdin6fKYcG+G3Pg9vgXWeJpQFMM=
 github.com/spaolacci/murmur3 v1.1.0 h1:7c1g84S4BPRrfL5Xrdp6fOJ206sU9y293DDHaoy0bLI=
 github.com/spaolacci/murmur3 v1.1.0/go.mod h1:JwIasOWyU6f++ZhiEuf87xNszmSA2myDM2Kzu9HwQUA=
-github.com/stretchr/objx v0.1.0/go.mod h1:HFkY916IF+rwdDfMAkV7OtwuqBVzrE8GR6GFx+wExME=
-github.com/stretchr/testify v1.6.1/go.mod h1:6Fq8oRcR53rry900zMqJjRRixrwX3KX962/h/Wwjteg=
-github.com/stretchr/testify v1.7.1/go.mod h1:6Fq8oRcR53rry900zMqJjRRixrwX3KX962/h/Wwjteg=
 github.com/stretchr/testify v1.9.0 h1:HtqpIVDClZ4nwg75+f6Lvsy/wHu+3BoSGCbBAcpTsTg=
 github.com/stretchr/testify v1.9.0/go.mod h1:r2ic/lqez/lEtzL7wO/rwa5dbSLXVDPFyf8C91i36aY=
 github.com/urfave/cli v1.22.10/go.mod h1:Gos4lmkARVdJ6EkW0WaNv/tZAAMe9V7XWyB60NtXRu0=
@@ -102,13 +80,11 @@ golang.org/x/text v0.3.0/go.mod h1:NqM8EUOU14njkJ3fqMW+pc6Ldnwhi/IjpwHt7yyuwOQ=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20190328211700-ab21143f2384/go.mod h1:LCzVGOaR6xXOjkQ3onu1FJEFr0SW1gC7cKk1uF8kGRs=
 google.golang.org/protobuf v1.34.2 h1:6xV6lTsCfpGD21XK49h7MhtcApnLqkfYgPcdHftf6hg=
 google.golang.org/protobuf v1.34.2/go.mod h1:qYOHts0dSfpeUzUFpOMr/WGzszTmLH+DiWniOlNbLDw=
+gopkg.in/check.v1 v0.0.0-20161208181325-20d25e280405 h1:yhCVgyC4o1eVCa2tZl7eS0r+SDo693bJlVdllGtEeKM=
 gopkg.in/check.v1 v0.0.0-20161208181325-20d25e280405/go.mod h1:Co6ibVJAznAaIkqp8huTwlJQCZ016jof/cbN4VW5Yz0=
-gopkg.in/check.v1 v1.0.0-20190902080502-41f04d3bba15 h1:YR8cESwS4TdDjEe65xsg0ogRM/Nc3DYOhEAlW+xobZo=
-gopkg.in/check.v1 v1.0.0-20190902080502-41f04d3bba15/go.mod h1:Co6ibVJAznAaIkqp8huTwlJQCZ016jof/cbN4VW5Yz0=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.2.2/go.mod h1:hI93XBmqTisBFMUTm0b8Fm+jr3Dg1NNxqwp+5A1VGuI=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.4.0 h1:D8xgwECY7CYvx+Y2n4sBz93Jn9JRvxdiyyo8CTfuKaY=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.4.0/go.mod h1:RDklbk79AGWmwhnvt/jBztapEOGDOx6ZbXqjP6csGnQ=
-gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.0-20200313102051-9f266ea9e77c/go.mod h1:K4uyk7z7BCEPqu6E+C64Yfv1cQ7kz7rIZviUmN+EgEM=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1 h1:fxVm/GzAzEWqLHuvctI91KS9hhNmmWOoWu0XTYJS7CA=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1/go.mod h1:K4uyk7z7BCEPqu6E+C64Yfv1cQ7kz7rIZviUmN+EgEM=
 gotest.tools/v3 v3.5.1 h1:EENdUnS3pdur5nybKYIh2Vfgc8IUNBjxDPSjtiJcOzU=
--- a/pkg/args/args.go
+++ b/pkg/args/args.go
@@ -1,137 +0,0 @@
-// Package args provides the type that represents the Arguments passed to
-// a command within an invocation.Token as well as a convenient Add method
-// to incrementally build the underlying map.
-package args
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"sort"
-	"strings"
-
-	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime"
-	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/datamodel"
-	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/fluent/qp"
-	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/node/basicnode"
-	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/printer"
-
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/pkg/policy/literal"
-)
-
-// Args are the Command's arguments when an invocation Token is processed by the executor.
-// This also serves as a way to construct the underlying IPLD data with minimum allocations
-// and transformations, while hiding the IPLD complexity from the caller.
-type Args struct {
-	// This type must be compatible with the IPLD type represented by the IPLD
-	// schema { String : Any }.
-
-	Keys   []string
-	Values map[string]ipld.Node
-}
-
-// New returns a pointer to an initialized Args value.
-func New() *Args {
-	return &Args{
-		Values: map[string]ipld.Node{},
-	}
-}
-
-// Add inserts a key/value pair in the Args set.
-//
-// Accepted types for val are any CBOR compatible type, or directly IPLD values.
-func (a *Args) Add(key string, val any) error {
-	if _, ok := a.Values[key]; ok {
-		return fmt.Errorf("duplicate key %q", key)
-	}
-
-	node, err := literal.Any(val)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	a.Values[key] = node
-	a.Keys = append(a.Keys, key)
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-// Include merges the provided arguments into the existing arguments.
-//
-// If duplicate keys are encountered, the new value is silently dropped
-// without causing an error.
-func (a *Args) Include(other *Args) {
-	for _, key := range other.Keys {
-		if _, ok := a.Values[key]; ok {
-			// don't overwrite
-			continue
-		}
-		a.Values[key] = other.Values[key]
-		a.Keys = append(a.Keys, key)
-	}
-}
-
-// ToIPLD wraps an instance of an Args with an ipld.Node.
-func (a *Args) ToIPLD() (ipld.Node, error) {
-	sort.Strings(a.Keys)
-
-	return qp.BuildMap(basicnode.Prototype.Any, int64(len(a.Keys)), func(ma datamodel.MapAssembler) {
-		for _, key := range a.Keys {
-			qp.MapEntry(ma, key, qp.Node(a.Values[key]))
-		}
-	})
-}
-
-// Equals tells if two Args hold the same values.
-func (a *Args) Equals(other *Args) bool {
-	if len(a.Keys) != len(other.Keys) {
-		return false
-	}
-	if len(a.Values) != len(other.Values) {
-		return false
-	}
-	for _, key := range a.Keys {
-		if !ipld.DeepEqual(a.Values[key], other.Values[key]) {
-			return false
-		}
-	}
-	return true
-}
-
-func (a *Args) String() string {
-	sort.Strings(a.Keys)
-
-	buf := strings.Builder{}
-	buf.WriteString("{")
-
-	for _, key := range a.Keys {
-		buf.WriteString("\n\t")
-		buf.WriteString(key)
-		buf.WriteString(": ")
-		buf.WriteString(strings.ReplaceAll(printer.Sprint(a.Values[key]), "\n", "\n\t"))
-		buf.WriteString(",")
-	}
-
-	if len(a.Keys) > 0 {
-		buf.WriteString("\n")
-	}
-	buf.WriteString("}")
-
-	return buf.String()
-}
-
-// ReadOnly returns a read-only version of Args.
-func (a *Args) ReadOnly() ReadOnly {
-	return ReadOnly{args: a}
-}
-
-// Clone makes a deep copy.
-func (a *Args) Clone() *Args {
-	res := &Args{
-		Keys:   make([]string, len(a.Keys)),
-		Values: make(map[string]ipld.Node, len(a.Values)),
-	}
-	copy(res.Keys, a.Keys)
-	for k, v := range a.Values {
-		res.Values[k] = v
-	}
-	return res
-}
--- a/pkg/args/args_test.go
+++ b/pkg/args/args_test.go
@@ -1,179 +0,0 @@
-package args_test
-
-import (
-	"sync"
-	"testing"
-
-	"github.com/ipfs/go-cid"
-	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime"
-	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/codec/dagcbor"
-	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/datamodel"
-	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/schema"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
-
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/pkg/args"
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/pkg/policy/literal"
-)
-
-func TestArgs(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	const (
-		intKey    = "intKey"
-		mapKey    = "mapKey"
-		nilKey    = "nilKey"
-		boolKey   = "boolKey"
-		linkKey   = "linkKey"
-		listKey   = "listKey"
-		nodeKey   = "nodeKey"
-		uintKey   = "uintKey"
-		bytesKey  = "bytesKey"
-		floatKey  = "floatKey"
-		stringKey = "stringKey"
-	)
-
-	const (
-		expIntVal    = int64(-42)
-		expBoolVal   = true
-		expUintVal   = uint(42)
-		expStringVal = "stringVal"
-	)
-
-	var (
-		expMapVal = map[string]string{"keyOne": "valOne", "keyTwo": "valTwo"}
-		// expNilVal = (map[string]string)(nil)
-		expLinkVal  = cid.MustParse("bafzbeigai3eoy2ccc7ybwjfz5r3rdxqrinwi4rwytly24tdbh6yk7zslrm")
-		expListVal  = []string{"elem1", "elem2", "elem3"}
-		expNodeVal  = literal.String("nodeVal")
-		expBytesVal = []byte{0xde, 0xad, 0xbe, 0xef}
-		expFloatVal = 42.0
-	)
-
-	argsIn := args.New()
-
-	for _, a := range []struct {
-		key string
-		val any
-	}{
-		{key: intKey, val: expIntVal},
-		{key: mapKey, val: expMapVal},
-		// {key:  nilKey, val: expNilVal},
-		{key: boolKey, val: expBoolVal},
-		{key: linkKey, val: expLinkVal},
-		{key: listKey, val: expListVal},
-		{key: uintKey, val: expUintVal},
-		{key: nodeKey, val: expNodeVal},
-		{key: bytesKey, val: expBytesVal},
-		{key: floatKey, val: expFloatVal},
-		{key: stringKey, val: expStringVal},
-	} {
-		require.NoError(t, argsIn.Add(a.key, a.val))
-	}
-
-	// Round-trip to DAG-CBOR
-	argsOut := roundTripThroughDAGCBOR(t, argsIn)
-	assert.ElementsMatch(t, argsIn.Keys, argsOut.Keys)
-	assert.Equal(t, argsIn.Values, argsOut.Values)
-
-	actMapVal := map[string]string{}
-	mit := argsOut.Values[mapKey].MapIterator()
-
-	for !mit.Done() {
-		k, v, err := mit.Next()
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		ks := must(k.AsString())
-		vs := must(v.AsString())
-		actMapVal[ks] = vs
-	}
-
-	actListVal := []string{}
-	lit := argsOut.Values[listKey].ListIterator()
-
-	for !lit.Done() {
-		_, v, err := lit.Next()
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		vs := must(v.AsString())
-
-		actListVal = append(actListVal, vs)
-	}
-
-	assert.Equal(t, expIntVal, must(argsOut.Values[intKey].AsInt()))
-	assert.Equal(t, expMapVal, actMapVal) // TODO: special accessor
-	// TODO: the nil map comes back empty (but the right type)
-	// assert.Equal(t, expNilVal, actNilVal)
-	assert.Equal(t, expBoolVal, must(argsOut.Values[boolKey].AsBool()))
-	assert.Equal(t, expLinkVal.String(), must(argsOut.Values[linkKey].AsLink()).(datamodel.Link).String()) // TODO: special accessor
-	assert.Equal(t, expListVal, actListVal)                                                                // TODO: special accessor
-	assert.Equal(t, expNodeVal, argsOut.Values[nodeKey])
-	assert.Equal(t, expUintVal, uint(must(argsOut.Values[uintKey].AsInt())))
-	assert.Equal(t, expBytesVal, must(argsOut.Values[bytesKey].AsBytes()))
-	assert.Equal(t, expFloatVal, must(argsOut.Values[floatKey].AsFloat()))
-	assert.Equal(t, expStringVal, must(argsOut.Values[stringKey].AsString()))
-}
-
-func TestArgs_Include(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	argsIn := args.New()
-	require.NoError(t, argsIn.Add("key1", "val1"))
-	require.NoError(t, argsIn.Add("key2", "val2"))
-
-	argsOther := args.New()
-	require.NoError(t, argsOther.Add("key2", "valOther")) // This should not overwrite key2 above
-	require.NoError(t, argsOther.Add("key3", "val3"))
-	require.NoError(t, argsOther.Add("key4", "val4"))
-
-	argsIn.Include(argsOther)
-
-	assert.Len(t, argsIn.Values, 4)
-	assert.Equal(t, "val1", must(argsIn.Values["key1"].AsString()))
-	assert.Equal(t, "val2", must(argsIn.Values["key2"].AsString()))
-	assert.Equal(t, "val3", must(argsIn.Values["key3"].AsString()))
-	assert.Equal(t, "val4", must(argsIn.Values["key4"].AsString()))
-}
-
-const (
-	argsSchema = "type Args { String : Any }"
-	argsName   = "Args"
-)
-
-var (
-	once sync.Once
-	ts   *schema.TypeSystem
-	err  error
-)
-
-func argsType() schema.Type {
-	once.Do(func() {
-		ts, err = ipld.LoadSchemaBytes([]byte(argsSchema))
-	})
-	if err != nil {
-		panic(err)
-	}
-
-	return ts.TypeByName(argsName)
-}
-
-func roundTripThroughDAGCBOR(t *testing.T, argsIn *args.Args) *args.Args {
-	t.Helper()
-
-	node, err := argsIn.ToIPLD()
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	data, err := ipld.Encode(node, dagcbor.Encode)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	var argsOut args.Args
-	_, err = ipld.Unmarshal(data, dagcbor.Decode, &argsOut, argsType())
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	return &argsOut
-}
-
-func must[T any](t T, err error) T {
-	if err != nil {
-		panic(err)
-	}
-	return t
-}
--- a/pkg/args/readonly.go
+++ b/pkg/args/readonly.go
@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-package args
-
-import "github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime"
-
-type ReadOnly struct {
-	args *Args
-}
-
-func (r ReadOnly) ToIPLD() (ipld.Node, error) {
-	return r.args.ToIPLD()
-}
-
-func (r ReadOnly) Equals(other *Args) bool {
-	return r.args.Equals(other)
-}
-
-func (r ReadOnly) String() string {
-	return r.args.String()
-}
-
-func (r ReadOnly) WriteableClone() *Args {
-	return r.args.Clone()
-}
--- a/pkg/command/command.go
+++ b/pkg/command/command.go
@@ -16,12 +16,14 @@ var _ fmt.Stringer = (*Command)(nil)
 // by one or more slash-separated Segments of lowercase characters.
 //
 // [Command]: https://github.com/ucan-wg/spec#command
-type Command string
+type Command struct {
+	segments []string
+}

 // New creates a validated command from the provided list of segment strings.
 // An error is returned if an invalid Command would be formed
 func New(segments ...string) Command {
-	return Top().Join(segments...)
+	return Command{segments: segments}
 }

 // Parse verifies that the provided string contains the required
@@ -31,20 +33,20 @@ func New(segments ...string) Command {
 // [segment structure]: https://github.com/ucan-wg/spec#segment-structure
 func Parse(s string) (Command, error) {
 	if !strings.HasPrefix(s, "/") {
-		return "", ErrRequiresLeadingSlash
+		return Command{}, ErrRequiresLeadingSlash
 	}

 	if len(s) > 1 && strings.HasSuffix(s, "/") {
-		return "", ErrDisallowsTrailingSlash
+		return Command{}, ErrDisallowsTrailingSlash
 	}

 	if s != strings.ToLower(s) {
-		return "", ErrRequiresLowercase
+		return Command{}, ErrRequiresLowercase
 	}

 	// The leading slash will result in the first element from strings.Split
 	// being an empty string which is removed as strings.Join will ignore it.
-	return Command(s), nil
+	return Command{strings.Split(s, "/")[1:]}, nil
 }

 // MustParse is the same as Parse, but panic() if the parsing fail.
@@ -56,14 +58,14 @@ func MustParse(s string) Command {
 	return c
 }

-// Top is the most powerful capability.
+// [Top] is the most powerful capability.
 //
 // This function returns a Command that is a wildcard and therefore represents the
 // most powerful ability. As such, it should be handled with care and used sparingly.
 //
 // [Top]: https://github.com/ucan-wg/spec#-aka-top
 func Top() Command {
-	return Command(separator)
+	return New()
 }

 // IsValid returns true if the provided string is a valid UCAN command.
@@ -75,61 +77,17 @@ func IsValid(s string) bool {
 // Join appends segments to the end of this command using the required
 // segment separator.
 func (c Command) Join(segments ...string) Command {
-	size := 0
-	for _, s := range segments {
-		size += len(s)
-	}
-	if size == 0 {
-		return c
-	}
-	buf := make([]byte, 0, len(c)+size+len(segments))
-	buf = append(buf, []byte(c)...)
-	for _, s := range segments {
-		if s != "" {
-			if len(buf) > 1 {
-				buf = append(buf, separator...)
-			}
-			buf = append(buf, []byte(s)...)
-		}
-	}
-	return Command(buf)
+	return Command{append(c.segments, segments...)}
 }

 // Segments returns the ordered segments that comprise the Command as a
 // slice of strings.
 func (c Command) Segments() []string {
-	if c == separator {
-		return nil
-	}
-	return strings.Split(string(c), separator)[1:]
-}
-
-// Covers returns true if the command is identical or a parent of the given other command.
-func (c Command) Covers(other Command) bool {
-	// fast-path, equivalent to the code below (verified with fuzzing)
-	if !strings.HasPrefix(string(other), string(c)) {
-		return false
-	}
-	return c == separator || len(c) == len(other) || other[len(c)] == separator[0]
-
-	/* -------
-
-	otherSegments := other.Segments()
-	if len(otherSegments) < len(c.Segments()) {
-		return false
-	}
-	for i, s := range c.Segments() {
-		if otherSegments[i] != s {
-			return false
-		}
-	}
-	return true
-
-	*/
+	return c.segments
 }

 // String returns the composed representation the command.  This is also
 // the required wire representation (before IPLD encoding occurs.)
 func (c Command) String() string {
-	return string(c)
+	return "/" + strings.Join(c.segments, "/")
 }
--- a/pkg/command/command_test.go
+++ b/pkg/command/command_test.go
@@ -13,81 +13,73 @@ func TestTop(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestIsValidCommand(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
 	t.Run("succeeds when", func(t *testing.T) {
+		t.Parallel()
+
 		for _, testcase := range validTestcases(t) {
+			testcase := testcase
+
 			t.Run(testcase.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+				t.Parallel()
+
 				require.True(t, command.IsValid(testcase.inp))
 			})
 		}
 	})

 	t.Run("fails when", func(t *testing.T) {
+		t.Parallel()
+
 		for _, testcase := range invalidTestcases(t) {
+			testcase := testcase
+
 			t.Run(testcase.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+				t.Parallel()
+
 				require.False(t, command.IsValid(testcase.inp))
 			})
 		}
 	})
 }

-func TestNew(t *testing.T) {
-	require.Equal(t, command.Top(), command.New())
-	require.Equal(t, "/foo", command.New("foo").String())
-	require.Equal(t, "/foo/bar", command.New("foo", "bar").String())
-	require.Equal(t, "/foo/bar/baz", command.New("foo", "bar/baz").String())
-}
-
 func TestParseCommand(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
 	t.Run("succeeds when", func(t *testing.T) {
+		t.Parallel()
+
 		for _, testcase := range validTestcases(t) {
+			testcase := testcase
+
 			t.Run(testcase.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+				t.Parallel()
+
 				cmd, err := command.Parse("/elem0/elem1/elem2")
 				require.NoError(t, err)
-				require.NotEmpty(t, cmd)
+				require.NotNil(t, cmd)
 			})
 		}
 	})

 	t.Run("fails when", func(t *testing.T) {
+		t.Parallel()
+
 		for _, testcase := range invalidTestcases(t) {
+			testcase := testcase
+
 			t.Run(testcase.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+				t.Parallel()
+
 				cmd, err := command.Parse(testcase.inp)
 				require.ErrorIs(t, err, testcase.err)
-				require.Zero(t, cmd)
+				require.Equal(t, command.Command{}, cmd)
 			})
 		}
 	})
 }

-func TestEquality(t *testing.T) {
-	require.True(t, command.MustParse("/foo/bar/baz") == command.MustParse("/foo/bar/baz"))
-	require.False(t, command.MustParse("/foo/bar/baz") == command.MustParse("/foo/bar/bazz"))
-	require.False(t, command.MustParse("/foo/bar") == command.MustParse("/foo/bar/baz"))
-}
-
-func TestJoin(t *testing.T) {
-	require.Equal(t, "/foo", command.Top().Join("foo").String())
-	require.Equal(t, "/foo/bar", command.Top().Join("foo/bar").String())
-	require.Equal(t, "/foo/bar", command.Top().Join("foo", "bar").String())
-	require.Equal(t, "/faz/boz/foo/bar", command.MustParse("/faz/boz").Join("foo/bar").String())
-	require.Equal(t, "/faz/boz/foo/bar", command.MustParse("/faz/boz").Join("foo", "bar").String())
-}
-
-func TestSegments(t *testing.T) {
-	require.Empty(t, command.Top().Segments())
-	require.Equal(t, []string{"foo", "bar", "baz"}, command.MustParse("/foo/bar/baz").Segments())
-}
-
-func TestCovers(t *testing.T) {
-	require.True(t, command.MustParse("/foo/bar/baz").Covers(command.MustParse("/foo/bar/baz")))
-	require.True(t, command.MustParse("/foo/bar").Covers(command.MustParse("/foo/bar/baz")))
-	require.False(t, command.MustParse("/foo/bar/baz").Covers(command.MustParse("/foo/bar")))
-	require.True(t, command.MustParse("/").Covers(command.MustParse("/foo")))
-	require.True(t, command.MustParse("/").Covers(command.MustParse("/foo/bar/baz")))
-	require.False(t, command.MustParse("/foo").Covers(command.MustParse("/foo00")))
-	require.False(t, command.MustParse("/foo/bar").Covers(command.MustParse("/foo/bar00")))
-}
-
 type testcase struct {
 	name string
 	inp  string
--- a/pkg/container/Readme.md
+++ b/pkg/container/Readme.md
@@ -1,86 +0,0 @@
-# Token container
-
-## Why do I need that?
-
-Some common situation asks to package multiple tokens together:
- calling a service requires sending an invocation, alongside the matching delegations
- sending a series of revocations
- \<insert your application specific scenario here>
-
-The UCAN specification defines how a single token is serialized (envelope with signature, IPLD encoded as Dag-cbor), but it's entirely left open how to package multiple tokens together. To be clear, this is a correct thing to do for a specification, as different ways equally valid to solve that problem exists and can coexist. Any wire format holding a list of bytes would do (cbor, json, csv ...).
-
-**go-ucan** however, provide an opinionated implementation, which may or may not work in your situation. 
-
-Some experiment has been done over which format is appropriate, and two have been selected:
- **DAG-CBOR** of a list of bytes, as a low overhead option
- **CAR** file, as a somewhat common ways to cary arbitrary blocks of data
-
-Notably, **compression is not included**, even though it does work reasonably well. This is because your transport medium might already do it, or should.
-
-## Wire format consideration
-
-Several possible formats have been explored:
- CAR files (binary or base64)
- DAG-CBOR (binary or base64)
-
-Additionally, gzip and deflate compression has been experimented with.
-
-Below are the results in terms of storage used, as percentage and byte overhead over the raw tokens:
-
-| Token count | car | carBase64 | carGzip | carGzipBase64 | cbor | cborBase64 | cborGzip | cborGzipBase64 | cborFlate | cborFlateBase64 |
-|-------------|-----|-----------|---------|---------------|------|------------|----------|----------------|-----------|-----------------|
-| 1           | 15  | 54        | 7       | 42            | 0    | 35         | \-8      | 22             | \-12      | 16              |
-| 2           | 12  | 49        | \-12    | 15            | 0    | 34         | \-25     | 0              | \-28      | \-3             |
-| 3           | 11  | 48        | \-21    | 4             | 0    | 34         | \-32     | \-10           | \-34      | \-11            |
-| 4           | 10  | 47        | \-26    | \-1           | 0    | 34         | \-36     | \-15           | \-37      | \-17            |
-| 5           | 10  | 47        | \-28    | \-4           | 0    | 34         | \-38     | \-18           | \-40      | \-20            |
-| 6           | 10  | 47        | \-30    | \-7           | 0    | 34         | \-40     | \-20           | \-40      | \-20            |
-| 7           | 10  | 46        | \-31    | \-8           | 0    | 34         | \-41     | \-21           | \-42      | \-22            |
-| 8           | 9   | 46        | \-32    | \-10          | 0    | 34         | \-42     | \-22           | \-42      | \-23            |
-| 9           | 9   | 46        | \-33    | \-11          | 0    | 34         | \-43     | \-23           | \-43      | \-24            |
-| 10          | 9   | 46        | \-34    | \-12          | 0    | 34         | \-43     | \-25           | \-44      | \-25            |
-
-![Overhead %](img/overhead_percent.png)
-
-| Token count | car | carBase64 | carGzip | carGzipBase64 | cbor | cborBase64 | cborGzip | cborGzipBase64 | cborFlate | cborFlateBase64 |
-|-------------|-----|-----------|---------|---------------|------|------------|----------|----------------|-----------|-----------------|
-| 1           | 64  | 226       | 29      | 178           | 4    | 146        | \-35     | 94             | \-52      | 70              |
-| 2           | 102 | 412       | \-107   | 128           | 7    | 288        | \-211    | 0              | \-234     | \-32            |
-| 3           | 140 | 602       | \-270   | 58            | 10   | 430        | \-405    | \-126          | \-429     | \-146           |
-| 4           | 178 | 792       | \-432   | \-28          | 13   | 572        | \-602    | \-252          | \-617     | \-288           |
-| 5           | 216 | 978       | \-582   | \-94          | 16   | 714        | \-805    | \-386          | \-839     | \-418           |
-| 6           | 254 | 1168      | \-759   | \-176         | 19   | 856        | \-1001   | \-508          | \-1018    | \-520           |
-| 7           | 292 | 1358      | \-908   | \-246         | 22   | 998        | \-1204   | \-634          | \-1229    | \-650           |
-| 8           | 330 | 1544      | \-1085  | \-332         | 25   | 1140       | \-1398   | \-756          | \-1423    | \-792           |
-| 9           | 368 | 1734      | \-1257  | \-414         | 28   | 1282       | \-1614   | \-894          | \-1625    | \-930           |
-| 10          | 406 | 1924      | \-1408  | \-508         | 31   | 1424       | \-1804   | \-1040         | \-1826    | \-1060          |
-
-![img.png](img/overhead_bytes.png)
-
-Following is the performance aspect, with CPU usage and memory allocation:
-
-|                 | Write ns/op | Read ns/op | Write B/op | Read B/op | Write allocs/op | Read allocs/op |
-|-----------------|-------------|------------|------------|-----------|-----------------|----------------|
-| car             | 8451        | 1474630    | 17928      | 149437    | 59              | 2631           |
-| carBase64       | 16750       | 1437678    | 24232      | 151502    | 61              | 2633           |
-| carGzip         | 320253      | 1581412    | 823887     | 192272    | 76              | 2665           |
-| carGzipBase64   | 343305      | 1486269    | 828782     | 198543    | 77              | 2669           |
-| cbor            | 6419        | 1301554    | 16368      | 138891    | 25              | 2534           |
-| cborBase64      | 12860       | 1386728    | 20720      | 140962    | 26              | 2536           |
-| cborGzip        | 310106      | 1379146    | 822742     | 182003    | 42              | 2585           |
-| cborGzipBase64  | 317001      | 1462548    | 827640     | 189283    | 43              | 2594           |
-| cborFlate       | 327112      | 1555007    | 822473     | 181537    | 40              | 2591           |
-| cborFlateBase64 | 311276      | 1456562    | 826042     | 188665    | 41              | 2596           |
-
-(BEWARE: logarithmic scale)
-
-![img.png](img/cpu.png)
-![img_1.png](img/alloc_byte.png)
-![img_2.png](img/alloc_count.png)
-
-Conclusion:
- CAR files are heavy for this usage, notably because they carry the CIDs of the tokens
- compression works quite well and warrants its usage even with a single token
- DAG-CBOR outperform CAR files everywhere, and comes with a tiny ~3 bytes per token overhead.
-
-**Formats beside DAG-CBOR and CAR, with or without base64, have been removed. They are in the git history though.**
--- a/pkg/container/car.go
+++ b/pkg/container/car.go
@@ -1,263 +0,0 @@
-package container
-
-import (
-	"bufio"
-	"bytes"
-	"encoding/binary"
-	"fmt"
-	"io"
-	"iter"
-
-	"github.com/ipfs/go-cid"
-	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime"
-	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/codec/dagcbor"
-	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/datamodel"
-	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/fluent/qp"
-	cidlink "github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/linking/cid"
-	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/node/basicnode"
-)
-
-/*
-	Note: below is essentially a re-implementation of the CAR file v1 read and write.
-	This exists here for two reasons:
-		- go-car's API forces to go through an IPLD getter or through a blockstore API
-		- generally, go-car is a very complex and large dependency
-*/
-
-// EmptyCid is a "zero" Cid: zero-length "identity" multihash with "raw" codec
-// It can be used to have at least one root in a CARv1 file (making it legal), yet
-// denote that it can be ignored.
-var EmptyCid = cid.MustParse([]byte{01, 55, 00, 00})
-
-type carBlock struct {
-	c    cid.Cid
-	data []byte
-}
-
-// writeCar writes a CARv1 file containing the blocks from the iterator.
-// If no roots are provided, a single EmptyCid is used as root to make the file
-// spec compliant.
-func writeCar(w io.Writer, roots []cid.Cid, blocks iter.Seq2[carBlock, error]) error {
-	if len(roots) == 0 {
-		roots = []cid.Cid{EmptyCid}
-	}
-	h := carHeader{
-		Roots:   roots,
-		Version: 1,
-	}
-	hb, err := h.Write()
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	err = ldWrite(w, hb)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	for block, err := range blocks {
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		err = ldWrite(w, block.c.Bytes(), block.data)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-// readCar reads a CARv1 file from the reader, and return a block iterator.
-// Roots are ignored.
-func readCar(r io.Reader) (roots []cid.Cid, blocks iter.Seq2[carBlock, error], err error) {
-	br := bufio.NewReader(r)
-
-	hb, err := ldRead(br)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, nil, err
-	}
-	h, err := readHeader(hb)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, nil, err
-	}
-	if h.Version != 1 {
-		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid car version: %d", h.Version)
-	}
-
-	return h.Roots, func(yield func(block carBlock, err error) bool) {
-		for {
-			block, err := readBlock(br)
-			if err == io.EOF {
-				return
-			}
-			if err != nil {
-				if !yield(carBlock{}, err) {
-					return
-				}
-			}
-			if !yield(block, nil) {
-				return
-			}
-		}
-	}, nil
-}
-
-// readBlock reads a section from the reader and decode a (cid+data) block.
-func readBlock(r *bufio.Reader) (carBlock, error) {
-	raw, err := ldRead(r)
-	if err != nil {
-		return carBlock{}, err
-	}
-
-	n, c, err := cid.CidFromReader(bytes.NewReader(raw))
-	if err != nil {
-		return carBlock{}, err
-	}
-	data := raw[n:]
-
-	// integrity check
-	hashed, err := c.Prefix().Sum(data)
-	if err != nil {
-		return carBlock{}, err
-	}
-
-	if !hashed.Equals(c) {
-		return carBlock{}, fmt.Errorf("mismatch in content integrity, name: %s, data: %s", c, hashed)
-	}
-
-	return carBlock{c: c, data: data}, nil
-}
-
-// maxAllowedSectionSize dictates the maximum number of bytes that a CARv1 header
-// or section is allowed to occupy without causing a decode to error.
-// This cannot be supplied as an option, only adjusted as a global. You should
-// use v2#NewReader instead since it allows for options to be passed in.
-var maxAllowedSectionSize uint = 32 << 20 // 32MiB
-
-// ldRead performs a length-delimited read of a section from the reader.
-// A section is composed of an uint length followed by the data.
-func ldRead(r *bufio.Reader) ([]byte, error) {
-	if _, err := r.Peek(1); err != nil { // no more blocks, likely clean io.EOF
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	l, err := binary.ReadUvarint(r)
-	if err != nil {
-		if err == io.EOF {
-			return nil, io.ErrUnexpectedEOF // don't silently pretend this is a clean EOF
-		}
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	if l == 0 {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid zero size section")
-	}
-
-	if l > uint64(maxAllowedSectionSize) { // Don't OOM
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("malformed car; header is bigger than MaxAllowedSectionSize")
-	}
-
-	buf := make([]byte, l)
-	if _, err := io.ReadFull(r, buf); err != nil {
-		if err == io.EOF {
-			// we should be able to read the promised bytes, this is not normal
-			return nil, io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
-		}
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	return buf, nil
-}
-
-// ldWrite performs a length-delimited write of a section on the writer.
-// A section is composed of an uint length followed by the data.
-func ldWrite(w io.Writer, d ...[]byte) error {
-	var sum uint64
-	for _, s := range d {
-		sum += uint64(len(s))
-	}
-
-	buf := make([]byte, 8)
-	n := binary.PutUvarint(buf, sum)
-	_, err := w.Write(buf[:n])
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	for _, s := range d {
-		_, err = w.Write(s)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-type carHeader struct {
-	Roots   []cid.Cid
-	Version uint64
-}
-
-const rootsKey = "roots"
-const versionKey = "version"
-
-func readHeader(data []byte) (*carHeader, error) {
-	var header carHeader
-
-	nd, err := ipld.Decode(data, dagcbor.Decode)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	if nd.Length() != 2 {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("malformed car header")
-	}
-	rootsNd, err := nd.LookupByString(rootsKey)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("malformed car header")
-	}
-	it := rootsNd.ListIterator()
-	if it == nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("malformed car header")
-	}
-	header.Roots = make([]cid.Cid, 0, rootsNd.Length())
-	for !it.Done() {
-		_, nd, err := it.Next()
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		lk, err := nd.AsLink()
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		switch lk := lk.(type) {
-		case cidlink.Link:
-			header.Roots = append(header.Roots, lk.Cid)
-		default:
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("malformed car header")
-		}
-	}
-	versionNd, err := nd.LookupByString(versionKey)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("malformed car header")
-	}
-	version, err := versionNd.AsInt()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("malformed car header")
-	}
-	header.Version = uint64(version)
-	return &header, nil
-}
-
-func (ch *carHeader) Write() ([]byte, error) {
-	nd, err := qp.BuildMap(basicnode.Prototype.Any, 2, func(ma datamodel.MapAssembler) {
-		qp.MapEntry(ma, rootsKey, qp.List(int64(len(ch.Roots)), func(la datamodel.ListAssembler) {
-			for _, root := range ch.Roots {
-				qp.ListEntry(la, qp.Link(cidlink.Link{Cid: root}))
-			}
-		}))
-		qp.MapEntry(ma, versionKey, qp.Int(1))
-	})
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	return ipld.Encode(nd, dagcbor.Encode)
-}
--- a/pkg/container/car_test.go
+++ b/pkg/container/car_test.go
@@ -1,85 +0,0 @@
-package container
-
-import (
-	"bytes"
-	"os"
-	"testing"
-
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
-)
-
-func TestCarRoundTrip(t *testing.T) {
-	// this car file is a complex and legal CARv1 file
-	original, err := os.ReadFile("testdata/sample-v1.car")
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	roots, it, err := readCar(bytes.NewReader(original))
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	var blks []carBlock
-	for blk, err := range it {
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		blks = append(blks, blk)
-	}
-
-	require.Len(t, blks, 1049)
-
-	buf := bytes.NewBuffer(nil)
-
-	err = writeCar(buf, roots, func(yield func(carBlock, error) bool) {
-		for _, blk := range blks {
-			if !yield(blk, nil) {
-				return
-			}
-		}
-	})
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	// Bytes equal after the round-trip
-	require.Equal(t, original, buf.Bytes())
-}
-
-func FuzzCarRoundTrip(f *testing.F) {
-	// Note: this fuzzing is somewhat broken.
-	// After some time, the fuzzer discover that a varint can be serialized in different
-	// ways that lead to the same integer value. This means that the CAR format can have
-	// multiple legal binary representation for the exact same data, which is what we are
-	// trying to detect here. Ideally, the format would be stricter, but that's how things
-	// are.
-
-	example, err := os.ReadFile("testdata/sample-v1.car")
-	require.NoError(f, err)
-
-	f.Add(example)
-
-	f.Fuzz(func(t *testing.T, data []byte) {
-		roots, blocksIter, err := readCar(bytes.NewReader(data))
-		if err != nil {
-			// skip invalid binary
-			t.Skip()
-		}
-
-		// reading all the blocks, which force reading and verifying the full file
-		var blocks []carBlock
-		for block, err := range blocksIter {
-			if err != nil {
-				// error reading, invalid data
-				t.Skip()
-			}
-			blocks = append(blocks, block)
-		}
-
-		var buf bytes.Buffer
-		err = writeCar(&buf, roots, func(yield func(carBlock, error) bool) {
-			for _, blk := range blocks {
-				if !yield(blk, nil) {
-					return
-				}
-			}
-		})
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-
-		// test if the round-trip produce a byte-equal CAR
-		require.Equal(t, data, buf.Bytes())
-	})
-}
--- a/pkg/container/img/alloc_byte.png
+++ b/pkg/container/img/alloc_byte.png
--- a/pkg/container/img/alloc_count.png
+++ b/pkg/container/img/alloc_count.png
--- a/pkg/container/img/cpu.png
+++ b/pkg/container/img/cpu.png
--- a/pkg/container/img/overhead_bytes.png
+++ b/pkg/container/img/overhead_bytes.png
--- a/pkg/container/img/overhead_percent.png
+++ b/pkg/container/img/overhead_percent.png
--- a/pkg/container/reader.go
+++ b/pkg/container/reader.go
@@ -1,161 +0,0 @@
-package container
-
-import (
-	"encoding/base64"
-	"errors"
-	"fmt"
-	"io"
-	"iter"
-
-	"github.com/ipfs/go-cid"
-	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime"
-	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/codec/dagcbor"
-	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/datamodel"
-
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/token"
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/token/delegation"
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/token/invocation"
-)
-
-var ErrNotFound = fmt.Errorf("not found")
-
-// Reader is a token container reader. It exposes the tokens conveniently decoded.
-type Reader map[cid.Cid]token.Token
-
-// GetToken returns an arbitrary decoded token, from its CID.
-// If not found, ErrNotFound is returned.
-func (ctn Reader) GetToken(cid cid.Cid) (token.Token, error) {
-	tkn, ok := ctn[cid]
-	if !ok {
-		return nil, ErrNotFound
-	}
-	return tkn, nil
-}
-
-// GetDelegation is the same as GetToken but only return a delegation.Token, with the right type.
-func (ctn Reader) GetDelegation(cid cid.Cid) (*delegation.Token, error) {
-	tkn, err := ctn.GetToken(cid)
-	if errors.Is(err, ErrNotFound) {
-		return nil, delegation.ErrDelegationNotFound
-	}
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	if tkn, ok := tkn.(*delegation.Token); ok {
-		return tkn, nil
-	}
-	return nil, delegation.ErrDelegationNotFound
-}
-
-// GetAllDelegations returns all the delegation.Token in the container.
-func (ctn Reader) GetAllDelegations() iter.Seq2[cid.Cid, *delegation.Token] {
-	return func(yield func(cid.Cid, *delegation.Token) bool) {
-		for c, t := range ctn {
-			if t, ok := t.(*delegation.Token); ok {
-				if !yield(c, t) {
-					return
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-// GetInvocation returns the first found invocation.Token.
-// If none are found, ErrNotFound is returned.
-func (ctn Reader) GetInvocation() (*invocation.Token, error) {
-	for _, t := range ctn {
-		if inv, ok := t.(*invocation.Token); ok {
-			return inv, nil
-		}
-	}
-	return nil, ErrNotFound
-}
-
-func FromCar(r io.Reader) (Reader, error) {
-	_, it, err := readCar(r)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	ctn := make(Reader)
-
-	for block, err := range it {
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-
-		err = ctn.addToken(block.data)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-	}
-
-	return ctn, nil
-}
-
-func FromCarBase64(r io.Reader) (Reader, error) {
-	return FromCar(base64.NewDecoder(base64.StdEncoding, r))
-}
-
-func FromCbor(r io.Reader) (Reader, error) {
-	n, err := ipld.DecodeStreaming(r, dagcbor.Decode)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	if n.Kind() != datamodel.Kind_Map {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid container format: expected map")
-	}
-	if n.Length() != 1 {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid container format: expected single version key")
-	}
-
-	// get the first (and only) key-value pair
-	it := n.MapIterator()
-	key, tokensNode, err := it.Next()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	version, err := key.AsString()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid container format: version must be string")
-	}
-	if version != currentContainerVersion {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unsupported container version: %s", version)
-	}
-
-	if tokensNode.Kind() != datamodel.Kind_List {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid container format: tokens must be a list")
-	}
-
-	ctn := make(Reader, tokensNode.Length())
-	it2 := tokensNode.ListIterator()
-	for !it2.Done() {
-		_, val, err := it2.Next()
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		data, err := val.AsBytes()
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		err = ctn.addToken(data)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-	}
-	return ctn, nil
-}
-
-func FromCborBase64(r io.Reader) (Reader, error) {
-	return FromCbor(base64.NewDecoder(base64.StdEncoding, r))
-}
-
-func (ctn Reader) addToken(data []byte) error {
-	tkn, c, err := token.FromSealed(data)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	ctn[c] = tkn
-	return nil
-}
--- a/pkg/container/serial_test.go
+++ b/pkg/container/serial_test.go
@@ -1,205 +0,0 @@
-package container
-
-import (
-	"bytes"
-	"crypto/rand"
-	"fmt"
-	"io"
-	"strings"
-	"testing"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/ipfs/go-cid"
-	"github.com/libp2p/go-libp2p/core/crypto"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
-
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/did"
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/pkg/command"
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/pkg/policy"
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/pkg/policy/literal"
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/token/delegation"
-)
-
-func TestContainerRoundTrip(t *testing.T) {
-	for _, tc := range []struct {
-		name   string
-		writer func(ctn Writer, w io.Writer) error
-		reader func(io.Reader) (Reader, error)
-	}{
-		{"car", Writer.ToCar, FromCar},
-		{"carBase64", Writer.ToCarBase64, FromCarBase64},
-		{"cbor", Writer.ToCbor, FromCbor},
-		{"cborBase64", Writer.ToCborBase64, FromCborBase64},
-	} {
-		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			tokens := make(map[cid.Cid]*delegation.Token)
-			var dataSize int
-
-			writer := NewWriter()
-
-			for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
-				dlg, c, data := randToken()
-				writer.AddSealed(c, data)
-				tokens[c] = dlg
-				dataSize += len(data)
-			}
-
-			buf := bytes.NewBuffer(nil)
-
-			err := tc.writer(writer, buf)
-			require.NoError(t, err)
-
-			t.Logf("data size %d", dataSize)
-			t.Logf("container overhead: %d%%, %d bytes", int(float32(buf.Len()-dataSize)/float32(dataSize)*100.0), buf.Len()-dataSize)
-
-			reader, err := tc.reader(bytes.NewReader(buf.Bytes()))
-			require.NoError(t, err)
-
-			for c, dlg := range tokens {
-				tknRead, err := reader.GetToken(c)
-				require.NoError(t, err)
-
-				// require.Equal fails as time.Time holds a wall time that is going to be
-				// different, even if it represents the same event.
-				// We need to do the following instead.
-
-				dlgRead := tknRead.(*delegation.Token)
-				require.Equal(t, dlg.Issuer(), dlgRead.Issuer())
-				require.Equal(t, dlg.Audience(), dlgRead.Audience())
-				require.Equal(t, dlg.Subject(), dlgRead.Subject())
-				require.Equal(t, dlg.Command(), dlgRead.Command())
-				require.Equal(t, dlg.Policy(), dlgRead.Policy())
-				require.Equal(t, dlg.Nonce(), dlgRead.Nonce())
-				require.True(t, dlg.Meta().Equals(dlgRead.Meta()))
-				if dlg.NotBefore() != nil {
-					// within 1s as the original value gets truncated to seconds when serialized
-					require.WithinDuration(t, *dlg.NotBefore(), *dlgRead.NotBefore(), time.Second)
-				}
-				if dlg.Expiration() != nil {
-					// within 1s as the original value gets truncated to seconds when serialized
-					require.WithinDuration(t, *dlg.Expiration(), *dlgRead.Expiration(), time.Second)
-				}
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-func BenchmarkContainerSerialisation(b *testing.B) {
-	var duration strings.Builder
-	var allocByte strings.Builder
-	var allocCount strings.Builder
-
-	for _, builder := range []strings.Builder{duration, allocByte, allocCount} {
-		builder.WriteString("car\tcarBase64\tcarGzip\tcarGzipBase64\tcbor\tcborBase64\tcborGzip\tcborGzipBase64\tcborFlate\tcborFlateBase64\n")
-	}
-
-	for _, tc := range []struct {
-		name   string
-		writer func(ctn Writer, w io.Writer) error
-		reader func(io.Reader) (Reader, error)
-	}{
-		{"car", Writer.ToCar, FromCar},
-		{"carBase64", Writer.ToCarBase64, FromCarBase64},
-		{"cbor", Writer.ToCbor, FromCbor},
-		{"cborBase64", Writer.ToCborBase64, FromCborBase64},
-	} {
-		writer := NewWriter()
-
-		for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
-			_, c, data := randToken()
-			writer.AddSealed(c, data)
-		}
-
-		buf := bytes.NewBuffer(nil)
-		_ = tc.writer(writer, buf)
-
-		b.Run(tc.name+"_write", func(b *testing.B) {
-			b.ReportAllocs()
-			for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
-				buf := bytes.NewBuffer(nil)
-				_ = tc.writer(writer, buf)
-			}
-		})
-
-		b.Run(tc.name+"_read", func(b *testing.B) {
-			b.ReportAllocs()
-			for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
-				_, _ = tc.reader(bytes.NewReader(buf.Bytes()))
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-func randDID() (crypto.PrivKey, did.DID) {
-	privKey, _, err := crypto.GenerateEd25519Key(rand.Reader)
-	if err != nil {
-		panic(err)
-	}
-	d, err := did.FromPrivKey(privKey)
-	if err != nil {
-		panic(err)
-	}
-	return privKey, d
-}
-
-func randomString(length int) string {
-	b := make([]byte, length/2+1)
-	_, _ = rand.Read(b)
-	return fmt.Sprintf("%x", b)[0:length]
-}
-
-func randToken() (*delegation.Token, cid.Cid, []byte) {
-	priv, iss := randDID()
-	_, aud := randDID()
-	cmd := command.New("foo", "bar")
-	pol := policy.MustConstruct(
-		policy.All(".[]",
-			policy.GreaterThan(".value", literal.Int(2)),
-		),
-	)
-
-	opts := []delegation.Option{
-		delegation.WithExpiration(time.Now().Add(time.Hour)),
-		delegation.WithSubject(iss),
-	}
-	for i := 0; i < 3; i++ {
-		opts = append(opts, delegation.WithMeta(randomString(8), randomString(10)))
-	}
-
-	t, err := delegation.New(iss, aud, cmd, pol, opts...)
-	if err != nil {
-		panic(err)
-	}
-	b, c, err := t.ToSealed(priv)
-	if err != nil {
-		panic(err)
-	}
-	return t, c, b
-}
-
-func FuzzContainerRead(f *testing.F) {
-	// Generate a corpus
-	for tokenCount := 0; tokenCount < 10; tokenCount++ {
-		writer := NewWriter()
-		for i := 0; i < tokenCount; i++ {
-			_, c, data := randToken()
-			writer.AddSealed(c, data)
-		}
-		buf := bytes.NewBuffer(nil)
-		err := writer.ToCbor(buf)
-		require.NoError(f, err)
-
-		f.Add(buf.Bytes())
-	}
-
-	f.Fuzz(func(t *testing.T, data []byte) {
-		start := time.Now()
-
-		// search for panics
-		_, _ = FromCbor(bytes.NewReader(data))
-
-		if time.Since(start) > 100*time.Millisecond {
-			panic("too long")
-		}
-	})
-}
--- a/pkg/container/testdata/sample-v1.car
+++ b/pkg/container/testdata/sample-v1.car
--- a/pkg/container/writer.go
+++ b/pkg/container/writer.go
@@ -1,65 +0,0 @@
-package container
-
-import (
-	"encoding/base64"
-	"io"
-
-	"github.com/ipfs/go-cid"
-	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime"
-	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/codec/dagcbor"
-	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/datamodel"
-	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/fluent/qp"
-	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/node/basicnode"
-)
-
-// TODO: should we have a multibase to wrap the cbor? but there is no reader/write in go-multibase :-(
-
-const currentContainerVersion = "ctn-v1"
-
-// Writer is a token container writer. It provides a convenient way to aggregate and serialize tokens together.
-type Writer map[cid.Cid][]byte
-
-func NewWriter() Writer {
-	return make(Writer)
-}
-
-// AddSealed includes a "sealed" token (serialized with a ToSealed* function) in the container.
-func (ctn Writer) AddSealed(cid cid.Cid, data []byte) {
-	ctn[cid] = data
-}
-
-func (ctn Writer) ToCar(w io.Writer) error {
-	return writeCar(w, nil, func(yield func(carBlock, error) bool) {
-		for c, bytes := range ctn {
-			if !yield(carBlock{c: c, data: bytes}, nil) {
-				return
-			}
-		}
-	})
-}
-
-func (ctn Writer) ToCarBase64(w io.Writer) error {
-	w2 := base64.NewEncoder(base64.StdEncoding, w)
-	defer w2.Close()
-	return ctn.ToCar(w2)
-}
-
-func (ctn Writer) ToCbor(w io.Writer) error {
-	node, err := qp.BuildMap(basicnode.Prototype.Any, 1, func(ma datamodel.MapAssembler) {
-		qp.MapEntry(ma, currentContainerVersion, qp.List(int64(len(ctn)), func(la datamodel.ListAssembler) {
-			for _, bytes := range ctn {
-				qp.ListEntry(la, qp.Bytes(bytes))
-			}
-		}))
-	})
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	return ipld.EncodeStreaming(w, node, dagcbor.Encode)
-}
-
-func (ctn Writer) ToCborBase64(w io.Writer) error {
-	w2 := base64.NewEncoder(base64.StdEncoding, w)
-	defer w2.Close()
-	return ctn.ToCbor(w2)
-}
--- a/pkg/meta/internal/crypto/aes.go
+++ b/pkg/meta/internal/crypto/aes.go
@@ -1,132 +0,0 @@
-package crypto
-
-import (
-	"crypto/aes"
-	"crypto/cipher"
-	"crypto/rand"
-	"errors"
-	"fmt"
-	"io"
-)
-
-// KeySize represents valid AES key sizes
-type KeySize int
-
-const (
-	KeySize128 KeySize = 16 // AES-128
-	KeySize192 KeySize = 24 // AES-192
-	KeySize256 KeySize = 32 // AES-256 (recommended)
-)
-
-// IsValid returns true if the key size is valid for AES
-func (ks KeySize) IsValid() bool {
-	switch ks {
-	case KeySize128, KeySize192, KeySize256:
-		return true
-	default:
-		return false
-	}
-}
-
-var ErrShortCipherText = errors.New("ciphertext too short")
-var ErrNoEncryptionKey = errors.New("encryption key is required")
-var ErrInvalidKeySize = errors.New("invalid key size: must be 16, 24, or 32 bytes")
-var ErrZeroKey = errors.New("encryption key cannot be all zeros")
-
-// GenerateKey generates a random AES key of default size KeySize256 (32 bytes).
-// Returns an error if the specified size is invalid or if key generation fails.
-func GenerateKey() ([]byte, error) {
-	return GenerateKeyWithSize(KeySize256)
-}
-
-// GenerateKeyWithSize generates a random AES key of the specified size.
-// Returns an error if the specified size is invalid or if key generation fails.
-func GenerateKeyWithSize(size KeySize) ([]byte, error) {
-	if !size.IsValid() {
-		return nil, ErrInvalidKeySize
-	}
-
-	key := make([]byte, size)
-	if _, err := io.ReadFull(rand.Reader, key); err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to generate AES key: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	return key, nil
-}
-
-// EncryptWithAESKey encrypts data using AES-GCM with the provided key.
-// The key must be 16, 24, or 32 bytes long (for AES-128, AES-192, or AES-256).
-// Returns the encrypted data with the nonce prepended, or an error if encryption fails.
-func EncryptWithAESKey(data, key []byte) ([]byte, error) {
-	if err := validateAESKey(key); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	block, err := aes.NewCipher(key)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	gcm, err := cipher.NewGCM(block)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	nonce := make([]byte, gcm.NonceSize())
-	if _, err = io.ReadFull(rand.Reader, nonce); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	return gcm.Seal(nonce, nonce, data, nil), nil
-}
-
-// DecryptStringWithAESKey decrypts data that was encrypted with EncryptWithAESKey.
-// The key must match the one used for encryption.
-// Expects the input to have a prepended nonce.
-// Returns the decrypted data or an error if decryption fails.
-func DecryptStringWithAESKey(data, key []byte) ([]byte, error) {
-	if err := validateAESKey(key); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	block, err := aes.NewCipher(key)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	gcm, err := cipher.NewGCM(block)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	if len(data) < gcm.NonceSize() {
-		return nil, ErrShortCipherText
-	}
-
-	nonce, ciphertext := data[:gcm.NonceSize()], data[gcm.NonceSize():]
-	decrypted, err := gcm.Open(nil, nonce, ciphertext, nil)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	return decrypted, nil
-}
-
-func validateAESKey(key []byte) error {
-	if key == nil {
-		return ErrNoEncryptionKey
-	}
-
-	if !KeySize(len(key)).IsValid() {
-		return ErrInvalidKeySize
-	}
-
-	// check if key is all zeros
-	for _, b := range key {
-		if b != 0 {
-			return nil
-		}
-	}
-
-	return ErrZeroKey
-}
--- a/pkg/meta/internal/crypto/aes_test.go
+++ b/pkg/meta/internal/crypto/aes_test.go
@@ -1,124 +0,0 @@
-package crypto
-
-import (
-	"bytes"
-	"crypto/rand"
-	"testing"
-
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
-)
-
-func TestAESEncryption(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	key := make([]byte, 32) // generated random 32-byte key
-	_, errKey := rand.Read(key)
-	require.NoError(t, errKey)
-
-	tests := []struct {
-		name    string
-		data    []byte
-		key     []byte
-		wantErr error
-	}{
-		{
-			name: "valid encryption/decryption",
-			data: []byte("hello world"),
-			key:  key,
-		},
-		{
-			name:    "nil key returns error",
-			data:    []byte("hello world"),
-			key:     nil,
-			wantErr: ErrNoEncryptionKey,
-		},
-		{
-			name: "empty data",
-			data: []byte{},
-			key:  key,
-		},
-		{
-			name:    "invalid key size",
-			data:    []byte("hello world"),
-			key:     make([]byte, 31),
-			wantErr: ErrInvalidKeySize,
-		},
-		{
-			name:    "zero key returns error",
-			data:    []byte("hello world"),
-			key:     make([]byte, 32),
-			wantErr: ErrZeroKey,
-		},
-	}
-
-	for _, tt := range tests {
-		tt := tt
-		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			t.Parallel()
-
-			encrypted, err := EncryptWithAESKey(tt.data, tt.key)
-			if tt.wantErr != nil {
-				require.ErrorIs(t, err, tt.wantErr)
-
-				return
-			}
-			require.NoError(t, err)
-
-			decrypted, err := DecryptStringWithAESKey(encrypted, tt.key)
-			require.NoError(t, err)
-
-			if tt.key == nil {
-				require.Equal(t, tt.data, encrypted)
-				require.Equal(t, tt.data, decrypted)
-			} else {
-				require.NotEqual(t, tt.data, encrypted)
-				require.True(t, bytes.Equal(tt.data, decrypted))
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-func TestDecryptionErrors(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	key := make([]byte, 32)
-	_, err := rand.Read(key)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	tests := []struct {
-		name   string
-		data   []byte
-		key    []byte
-		errMsg string
-	}{
-		{
-			name:   "short ciphertext",
-			data:   []byte("short"),
-			key:    key,
-			errMsg: "ciphertext too short",
-		},
-		{
-			name:   "invalid ciphertext",
-			data:   make([]byte, 16), // just nonce size
-			key:    key,
-			errMsg: "message authentication failed",
-		},
-		{
-			name:   "missing key",
-			data:   []byte("<22>`M<><4D><EFBFBD>l\u001AIF<49>\u0012<31><32><EFBFBD>=h<>?<3F>c<EFBFBD> <20><>\u0012<31><32><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>\u001C<31>\u0018Ƽ(g"),
-			key:    nil,
-			errMsg: "encryption key is required",
-		},
-	}
-
-	for _, tt := range tests {
-		tt := tt
-		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			t.Parallel()
-
-			_, err := DecryptStringWithAESKey(tt.data, tt.key)
-			require.Error(t, err)
-			require.Contains(t, err.Error(), tt.errMsg)
-		})
-	}
-}
--- a/pkg/meta/meta.go
+++ b/pkg/meta/meta.go
@@ -3,26 +3,21 @@ package meta
 import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
-	"strings"
+	"reflect"

 	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime"
-	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/printer"
-
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/pkg/meta/internal/crypto"
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/pkg/policy/literal"
+	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/datamodel"
+	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/node/basicnode"
 )

-var ErrNotFound = errors.New("key not found in meta")
+var ErrUnsupported = errors.New("failure adding unsupported type to meta")

-var ErrNotEncryptable = errors.New("value of this type cannot be encrypted")
+var ErrNotFound = errors.New("key-value not found in meta")

 // Meta is a container for meta key-value pairs in a UCAN token.
-// This also serves as a way to construct the underlying IPLD data with minimum allocations
-// and transformations, while hiding the IPLD complexity from the caller.
+// This also serves as a way to construct the underlying IPLD data with minimum allocations and transformations,
+// while hiding the IPLD complexity from the caller.
 type Meta struct {
-	// This type must be compatible with the IPLD type represented by the IPLD
-	// schema { String : Any }.
-
 	Keys   []string
 	Values map[string]ipld.Node
 }
@@ -54,21 +49,6 @@ func (m *Meta) GetString(key string) (string, error) {
 	return v.AsString()
 }

-// GetEncryptedString decorates GetString and decrypt its output with the given symmetric encryption key.
-func (m *Meta) GetEncryptedString(key string, encryptionKey []byte) (string, error) {
-	v, err := m.GetBytes(key)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
-	}
-
-	decrypted, err := crypto.DecryptStringWithAESKey(v, encryptionKey)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
-	}
-
-	return string(decrypted), nil
-}
-
 // GetInt64 retrieves a value as an int64.
 // Returns ErrNotFound if the given key is missing.
 // Returns datamodel.ErrWrongKind if the value has the wrong type.
@@ -102,21 +82,6 @@ func (m *Meta) GetBytes(key string) ([]byte, error) {
 	return v.AsBytes()
 }

-// GetEncryptedBytes decorates GetBytes and decrypt its output with the given symmetric encryption key.
-func (m *Meta) GetEncryptedBytes(key string, encryptionKey []byte) ([]byte, error) {
-	v, err := m.GetBytes(key)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	decrypted, err := crypto.DecryptStringWithAESKey(v, encryptionKey)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	return decrypted, nil
-}
-
 // GetNode retrieves a value as a raw IPLD node.
 // Returns ErrNotFound if the given key is missing.
 // Returns datamodel.ErrWrongKind if the value has the wrong type.
@@ -129,85 +94,43 @@ func (m *Meta) GetNode(key string) (ipld.Node, error) {
 }

 // Add adds a key/value pair in the meta set.
-// Accepted types for val are any CBOR compatible type, or directly IPLD values.
+// Accepted types for the value are: bool, string, int, int32, int64, []byte,
+// and ipld.Node.
 func (m *Meta) Add(key string, val any) error {
-	if _, ok := m.Values[key]; ok {
-		return fmt.Errorf("duplicate key %q", key)
+	switch val := val.(type) {
+	case bool:
+		m.Values[key] = basicnode.NewBool(val)
+	case string:
+		m.Values[key] = basicnode.NewString(val)
+	case int:
+		m.Values[key] = basicnode.NewInt(int64(val))
+	case int32:
+		m.Values[key] = basicnode.NewInt(int64(val))
+	case int64:
+		m.Values[key] = basicnode.NewInt(val)
+	case float32:
+		m.Values[key] = basicnode.NewFloat(float64(val))
+	case float64:
+		m.Values[key] = basicnode.NewFloat(val)
+	case []byte:
+		m.Values[key] = basicnode.NewBytes(val)
+	case datamodel.Node:
+		m.Values[key] = val
+	default:
+		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", ErrUnsupported, fqtn(val))
 	}
-
-	node, err := literal.Any(val)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
 	m.Keys = append(m.Keys, key)
-	m.Values[key] = node
-
 	return nil
 }

-// AddEncrypted adds a key/value pair in the meta set.
-// The value is encrypted with the given encryptionKey.
-// Accepted types for the value are: string, []byte.
-func (m *Meta) AddEncrypted(key string, val any, encryptionKey []byte) error {
-	var encrypted []byte
-	var err error
+func fqtn(val any) string {
+	var name string

-	switch val := val.(type) {
-	case string:
-		encrypted, err = crypto.EncryptWithAESKey([]byte(val), encryptionKey)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-	case []byte:
-		encrypted, err = crypto.EncryptWithAESKey(val, encryptionKey)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-	default:
-		return ErrNotEncryptable
+	t := reflect.TypeOf(val)
+	for t.Kind() == reflect.Pointer {
+		name += "*"
+		t = t.Elem()
 	}

-	return m.Add(key, encrypted)
-}
-
-// Equals tells if two Meta hold the same key/values.
-func (m *Meta) Equals(other *Meta) bool {
-	if len(m.Keys) != len(other.Keys) {
-		return false
-	}
-	if len(m.Values) != len(other.Values) {
-		return false
-	}
-	for _, key := range m.Keys {
-		if !ipld.DeepEqual(m.Values[key], other.Values[key]) {
-			return false
-		}
-	}
-	return true
-}
-
-func (m *Meta) String() string {
-	buf := strings.Builder{}
-	buf.WriteString("{")
-
-	for key, node := range m.Values {
-		buf.WriteString("\n\t")
-		buf.WriteString(key)
-		buf.WriteString(": ")
-		buf.WriteString(strings.ReplaceAll(printer.Sprint(node), "\n", "\n\t"))
-		buf.WriteString(",")
-	}
-
-	if len(m.Values) > 0 {
-		buf.WriteString("\n")
-	}
-	buf.WriteString("}")
-
-	return buf.String()
-}
-
-// ReadOnly returns a read-only version of Meta.
-func (m *Meta) ReadOnly() ReadOnly {
-	return ReadOnly{m: m}
+	return name + t.PkgPath() + "." + t.Name()
 }
--- a/pkg/meta/meta_test.go
+++ b/pkg/meta/meta_test.go
@@ -1,12 +1,11 @@
 package meta_test

 import (
-	"crypto/rand"
 	"testing"

 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
-
 	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/pkg/meta"
+	"gotest.tools/v3/assert"
 )

 func TestMeta_Add(t *testing.T) {
@@ -14,64 +13,11 @@ func TestMeta_Add(t *testing.T) {

 	type Unsupported struct{}

-	t.Run("error if not primitive or Node", func(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("error if not primative or Node", func(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Parallel()

 		err := (&meta.Meta{}).Add("invalid", &Unsupported{})
-		require.Error(t, err)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("encrypted meta", func(t *testing.T) {
-		t.Parallel()
-
-		key := make([]byte, 32)
-		_, err := rand.Read(key)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-
-		m := meta.NewMeta()
-
-		// string encryption
-		err = m.AddEncrypted("secret", "hello world", key)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-
-		_, err = m.GetString("secret")
-		require.Error(t, err) // the ciphertext is saved as []byte instead of string
-
-		decrypted, err := m.GetEncryptedString("secret", key)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.Equal(t, "hello world", decrypted)
-
-		// bytes encryption
-		originalBytes := make([]byte, 128)
-		_, err = rand.Read(originalBytes)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		err = m.AddEncrypted("secret-bytes", originalBytes, key)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-
-		encryptedBytes, err := m.GetBytes("secret-bytes")
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.NotEqual(t, originalBytes, encryptedBytes)
-
-		decryptedBytes, err := m.GetEncryptedBytes("secret-bytes", key)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.Equal(t, originalBytes, decryptedBytes)
-
-		// error cases
-		t.Run("error on unsupported type", func(t *testing.T) {
-			err := m.AddEncrypted("invalid", 123, key)
-			require.ErrorIs(t, err, meta.ErrNotEncryptable)
-		})
-
-		t.Run("error on invalid key size", func(t *testing.T) {
-			err := m.AddEncrypted("invalid", "test", []byte("short-key"))
-			require.Error(t, err)
-			require.Contains(t, err.Error(), "invalid key size")
-		})
-
-		t.Run("error on nil key", func(t *testing.T) {
-			err := m.AddEncrypted("invalid", "test", nil)
-			require.Error(t, err)
-			require.Contains(t, err.Error(), "encryption key is required")
-		})
+		require.ErrorIs(t, err, meta.ErrUnsupported)
+		assert.ErrorContains(t, err, "*github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/pkg/meta_test.Unsupported")
 	})
 }
--- a/pkg/meta/readonly.go
+++ b/pkg/meta/readonly.go
@@ -1,50 +0,0 @@
-package meta
-
-import (
-	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime"
-)
-
-// ReadOnly wraps a Meta into a read-only facade.
-type ReadOnly struct {
-	m *Meta
-}
-
-func (r ReadOnly) GetBool(key string) (bool, error) {
-	return r.m.GetBool(key)
-}
-
-func (r ReadOnly) GetString(key string) (string, error) {
-	return r.m.GetString(key)
-}
-
-func (r ReadOnly) GetEncryptedString(key string, encryptionKey []byte) (string, error) {
-	return r.m.GetEncryptedString(key, encryptionKey)
-}
-
-func (r ReadOnly) GetInt64(key string) (int64, error) {
-	return r.m.GetInt64(key)
-}
-
-func (r ReadOnly) GetFloat64(key string) (float64, error) {
-	return r.m.GetFloat64(key)
-}
-
-func (r ReadOnly) GetBytes(key string) ([]byte, error) {
-	return r.m.GetBytes(key)
-}
-
-func (r ReadOnly) GetEncryptedBytes(key string, encryptionKey []byte) ([]byte, error) {
-	return r.m.GetEncryptedBytes(key, encryptionKey)
-}
-
-func (r ReadOnly) GetNode(key string) (ipld.Node, error) {
-	return r.m.GetNode(key)
-}
-
-func (r ReadOnly) Equals(other ReadOnly) bool {
-	return r.m.Equals(other.m)
-}
-
-func (r ReadOnly) String() string {
-	return r.m.String()
-}
--- a/pkg/policy/ipld.go
+++ b/pkg/policy/ipld.go
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ func statementFromIPLD(path string, node datamodel.Node) (Statement, error) {
 			if err != nil {
 				return nil, err
 			}
-			return negation{statement: statement}, nil
+			return Not(statement), nil

 		case KindAnd, KindOr:
 			arg2, _ := node.LookupByIndex(1)
@@ -93,11 +93,11 @@ func statementFromIPLD(path string, node datamodel.Node) (Statement, error) {
 			if pattern.Kind() != datamodel.Kind_String {
 				return nil, ErrNotAString(combinePath(path, op, 2))
 			}
-			g, err := parseGlob(must.String(pattern))
+			res, err := Like(sel, must.String(pattern))
 			if err != nil {
 				return nil, ErrInvalidPattern(combinePath(path, op, 2), err)
 			}
-			return wildcard{selector: sel, pattern: g}, nil
+			return res, nil

 		case KindAll, KindAny:
 			sel, err := arg2AsSelector(op)
--- a/pkg/policy/literal/literal.go
+++ b/pkg/policy/literal/literal.go
@@ -1,28 +1,48 @@
-// Package literal holds a collection of functions to create IPLD types to use in policies, selector and args.
 package literal

 import (
-	"fmt"
-	"reflect"
-	"sort"
-
-	"github.com/ipfs/go-cid"
 	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime"
-	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/datamodel"
-	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/fluent/qp"
-	cidlink "github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/linking/cid"
 	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/node/basicnode"
 )

-var Bool = basicnode.NewBool
-var Int = basicnode.NewInt
-var Float = basicnode.NewFloat
-var String = basicnode.NewString
-var Bytes = basicnode.NewBytes
-var Link = basicnode.NewLink
+func Node(n ipld.Node) ipld.Node {
+	return n
+}

-func LinkCid(cid cid.Cid) ipld.Node {
-	return Link(cidlink.Link{Cid: cid})
+func Link(cid ipld.Link) ipld.Node {
+	nb := basicnode.Prototype.Link.NewBuilder()
+	nb.AssignLink(cid)
+	return nb.Build()
+}
+
+func Bool(val bool) ipld.Node {
+	nb := basicnode.Prototype.Bool.NewBuilder()
+	nb.AssignBool(val)
+	return nb.Build()
+}
+
+func Int(val int64) ipld.Node {
+	nb := basicnode.Prototype.Int.NewBuilder()
+	nb.AssignInt(val)
+	return nb.Build()
+}
+
+func Float(val float64) ipld.Node {
+	nb := basicnode.Prototype.Float.NewBuilder()
+	nb.AssignFloat(val)
+	return nb.Build()
+}
+
+func String(val string) ipld.Node {
+	nb := basicnode.Prototype.String.NewBuilder()
+	nb.AssignString(val)
+	return nb.Build()
+}
+
+func Bytes(val []byte) ipld.Node {
+	nb := basicnode.Prototype.Bytes.NewBuilder()
+	nb.AssignBytes(val)
+	return nb.Build()
 }

 func Null() ipld.Node {
@@ -30,158 +50,3 @@ func Null() ipld.Node {
 	nb.AssignNull()
 	return nb.Build()
 }
-
-// Map creates an IPLD node from a map[string]any
-func Map[T any](m map[string]T) (ipld.Node, error) {
-	return qp.BuildMap(basicnode.Prototype.Any, int64(len(m)), func(ma datamodel.MapAssembler) {
-		// deterministic iteration
-		keys := make([]string, 0, len(m))
-		for key := range m {
-			keys = append(keys, key)
-		}
-		sort.Strings(keys)
-		for _, key := range keys {
-			qp.MapEntry(ma, key, anyAssemble(m[key]))
-		}
-	})
-}
-
-// List creates an IPLD node from a []any
-func List[T any](l []T) (ipld.Node, error) {
-	return qp.BuildList(basicnode.Prototype.Any, int64(len(l)), func(la datamodel.ListAssembler) {
-		for _, val := range l {
-			qp.ListEntry(la, anyAssemble(val))
-		}
-	})
-}
-
-// Any creates an IPLD node from any value
-// If possible, use another dedicated function for your type for performance.
-func Any(v any) (res ipld.Node, err error) {
-	// TODO: handle uint overflow below
-
-	// some fast path
-	switch val := v.(type) {
-	case bool:
-		return basicnode.NewBool(val), nil
-	case string:
-		return basicnode.NewString(val), nil
-	case int:
-		return basicnode.NewInt(int64(val)), nil
-	case int8:
-		return basicnode.NewInt(int64(val)), nil
-	case int16:
-		return basicnode.NewInt(int64(val)), nil
-	case int32:
-		return basicnode.NewInt(int64(val)), nil
-	case int64:
-		return basicnode.NewInt(val), nil
-	case uint:
-		return basicnode.NewInt(int64(val)), nil
-	case uint8:
-		return basicnode.NewInt(int64(val)), nil
-	case uint16:
-		return basicnode.NewInt(int64(val)), nil
-	case uint32:
-		return basicnode.NewInt(int64(val)), nil
-	case uint64:
-		return basicnode.NewInt(int64(val)), nil
-	case float32:
-		return basicnode.NewFloat(float64(val)), nil
-	case float64:
-		return basicnode.NewFloat(val), nil
-	case []byte:
-		return basicnode.NewBytes(val), nil
-	case datamodel.Node:
-		return val, nil
-	case cid.Cid:
-		return LinkCid(val), nil
-	default:
-	}
-
-	builder := basicnode.Prototype__Any{}.NewBuilder()
-
-	defer func() {
-		if r := recover(); r != nil {
-			err = fmt.Errorf("%v", r)
-			res = nil
-		}
-	}()
-
-	anyAssemble(v)(builder)
-
-	return builder.Build(), nil
-}
-
-func anyAssemble(val any) qp.Assemble {
-	var rt reflect.Type
-	var rv reflect.Value
-
-	// support for recursive calls, staying in reflection land
-	if cast, ok := val.(reflect.Value); ok {
-		rt = cast.Type()
-		rv = cast
-	} else {
-		rt = reflect.TypeOf(val)
-		rv = reflect.ValueOf(val)
-	}
-
-	// we need to dereference in some cases, to get the real value type
-	if rt.Kind() == reflect.Ptr || rt.Kind() == reflect.Interface {
-		rv = rv.Elem()
-		rt = rv.Type()
-	}
-
-	switch rt.Kind() {
-	case reflect.Array:
-		if rt.Elem().Kind() == reflect.Uint8 {
-			panic("bytes array are not supported yet")
-		}
-		return qp.List(int64(rv.Len()), func(la datamodel.ListAssembler) {
-			for i := range rv.Len() {
-				qp.ListEntry(la, anyAssemble(rv.Index(i)))
-			}
-		})
-	case reflect.Slice:
-		if rt.Elem().Kind() == reflect.Uint8 {
-			return qp.Bytes(val.([]byte))
-		}
-		return qp.List(int64(rv.Len()), func(la datamodel.ListAssembler) {
-			for i := range rv.Len() {
-				qp.ListEntry(la, anyAssemble(rv.Index(i)))
-			}
-		})
-	case reflect.Map:
-		if rt.Key().Kind() != reflect.String {
-			break
-		}
-		// deterministic iteration
-		keys := rv.MapKeys()
-		sort.Slice(keys, func(i, j int) bool {
-			return keys[i].String() < keys[j].String()
-		})
-		return qp.Map(int64(rv.Len()), func(ma datamodel.MapAssembler) {
-			for _, key := range keys {
-				qp.MapEntry(ma, key.String(), anyAssemble(rv.MapIndex(key)))
-			}
-		})
-	case reflect.Bool:
-		return qp.Bool(rv.Bool())
-	case reflect.Int, reflect.Int8, reflect.Int16, reflect.Int32, reflect.Int64:
-		return qp.Int(rv.Int())
-	case reflect.Uint, reflect.Uint8, reflect.Uint16, reflect.Uint32, reflect.Uint64:
-		return qp.Int(int64(rv.Uint()))
-	case reflect.Float32, reflect.Float64:
-		return qp.Float(rv.Float())
-	case reflect.String:
-		return qp.String(rv.String())
-	case reflect.Struct:
-		if rt == reflect.TypeOf(cid.Cid{}) {
-			c := rv.Interface().(cid.Cid)
-			return qp.Link(cidlink.Link{Cid: c})
-		}
-	default:
-	}
-
-	panic(fmt.Sprintf("unsupported type %T", val))
-}
--- a/pkg/policy/literal/literal_test.go
+++ b/pkg/policy/literal/literal_test.go
@@ -1,262 +0,0 @@
-package literal
-
-import (
-	"testing"
-
-	"github.com/ipfs/go-cid"
-	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/datamodel"
-	cidlink "github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/linking/cid"
-	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/printer"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
-)
-
-func TestList(t *testing.T) {
-	n, err := List([]int{1, 2, 3})
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.Equal(t, datamodel.Kind_List, n.Kind())
-	require.Equal(t, int64(3), n.Length())
-	require.Equal(t, `list{
-	0: int{1}
-	1: int{2}
-	2: int{3}
-}`, printer.Sprint(n))
-
-	n, err = List([][]int{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}})
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.Equal(t, datamodel.Kind_List, n.Kind())
-	require.Equal(t, int64(2), n.Length())
-	require.Equal(t, `list{
-	0: list{
-		0: int{1}
-		1: int{2}
-		2: int{3}
-	}
-	1: list{
-		0: int{4}
-		1: int{5}
-		2: int{6}
-	}
-}`, printer.Sprint(n))
-}
-
-func TestMap(t *testing.T) {
-	n, err := Map(map[string]any{
-		"bool":   true,
-		"string": "foobar",
-		"bytes":  []byte{1, 2, 3, 4},
-		"int":    1234,
-		"uint":   uint(12345),
-		"float":  1.45,
-		"slice":  []int{1, 2, 3},
-		"array":  [2]int{1, 2},
-		"map": map[string]any{
-			"foo": "bar",
-			"foofoo": map[string]string{
-				"barbar": "foo",
-			},
-		},
-		"link": cid.MustParse("bafzbeigai3eoy2ccc7ybwjfz5r3rdxqrinwi4rwytly24tdbh6yk7zslrm"),
-	})
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	v, err := n.LookupByString("bool")
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.Equal(t, datamodel.Kind_Bool, v.Kind())
-	require.Equal(t, true, must(v.AsBool()))
-
-	v, err = n.LookupByString("string")
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.Equal(t, datamodel.Kind_String, v.Kind())
-	require.Equal(t, "foobar", must(v.AsString()))
-
-	v, err = n.LookupByString("bytes")
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.Equal(t, datamodel.Kind_Bytes, v.Kind())
-	require.Equal(t, []byte{1, 2, 3, 4}, must(v.AsBytes()))
-
-	v, err = n.LookupByString("int")
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.Equal(t, datamodel.Kind_Int, v.Kind())
-	require.Equal(t, int64(1234), must(v.AsInt()))
-
-	v, err = n.LookupByString("uint")
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.Equal(t, datamodel.Kind_Int, v.Kind())
-	require.Equal(t, int64(12345), must(v.AsInt()))
-
-	v, err = n.LookupByString("float")
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.Equal(t, datamodel.Kind_Float, v.Kind())
-	require.Equal(t, 1.45, must(v.AsFloat()))
-
-	v, err = n.LookupByString("slice")
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.Equal(t, datamodel.Kind_List, v.Kind())
-	require.Equal(t, int64(3), v.Length())
-	require.Equal(t, `list{
-	0: int{1}
-	1: int{2}
-	2: int{3}
-}`, printer.Sprint(v))
-
-	v, err = n.LookupByString("array")
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.Equal(t, datamodel.Kind_List, v.Kind())
-	require.Equal(t, int64(2), v.Length())
-	require.Equal(t, `list{
-	0: int{1}
-	1: int{2}
-}`, printer.Sprint(v))
-
-	v, err = n.LookupByString("map")
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.Equal(t, datamodel.Kind_Map, v.Kind())
-	require.Equal(t, int64(2), v.Length())
-	require.Equal(t, `map{
-	string{"foo"}: string{"bar"}
-	string{"foofoo"}: map{
-		string{"barbar"}: string{"foo"}
-	}
-}`, printer.Sprint(v))
-
-	v, err = n.LookupByString("link")
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.Equal(t, datamodel.Kind_Link, v.Kind())
-	asLink, err := v.AsLink()
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.True(t, asLink.(cidlink.Link).Equals(cid.MustParse("bafzbeigai3eoy2ccc7ybwjfz5r3rdxqrinwi4rwytly24tdbh6yk7zslrm")))
-}
-
-func TestAny(t *testing.T) {
-	data := map[string]any{
-		"bool":   true,
-		"string": "foobar",
-		"bytes":  []byte{1, 2, 3, 4},
-		"int":    1234,
-		"uint":   uint(12345),
-		"float":  1.45,
-		"slice":  []int{1, 2, 3},
-		"array":  [2]int{1, 2},
-		"map": map[string]any{
-			"foo": "bar",
-			"foofoo": map[string]string{
-				"barbar": "foo",
-			},
-		},
-		"link": cid.MustParse("bafzbeigai3eoy2ccc7ybwjfz5r3rdxqrinwi4rwytly24tdbh6yk7zslrm"),
-		"func": func() {},
-	}
-
-	v, err := Any(data["bool"])
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.Equal(t, datamodel.Kind_Bool, v.Kind())
-	require.Equal(t, true, must(v.AsBool()))
-
-	v, err = Any(data["string"])
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.Equal(t, datamodel.Kind_String, v.Kind())
-	require.Equal(t, "foobar", must(v.AsString()))
-
-	v, err = Any(data["bytes"])
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.Equal(t, datamodel.Kind_Bytes, v.Kind())
-	require.Equal(t, []byte{1, 2, 3, 4}, must(v.AsBytes()))
-
-	v, err = Any(data["int"])
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.Equal(t, datamodel.Kind_Int, v.Kind())
-	require.Equal(t, int64(1234), must(v.AsInt()))
-
-	v, err = Any(data["uint"])
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.Equal(t, datamodel.Kind_Int, v.Kind())
-	require.Equal(t, int64(12345), must(v.AsInt()))
-
-	v, err = Any(data["float"])
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.Equal(t, datamodel.Kind_Float, v.Kind())
-	require.Equal(t, 1.45, must(v.AsFloat()))
-
-	v, err = Any(data["slice"])
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.Equal(t, datamodel.Kind_List, v.Kind())
-	require.Equal(t, int64(3), v.Length())
-	require.Equal(t, `list{
-	0: int{1}
-	1: int{2}
-	2: int{3}
-}`, printer.Sprint(v))
-
-	v, err = Any(data["array"])
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.Equal(t, datamodel.Kind_List, v.Kind())
-	require.Equal(t, int64(2), v.Length())
-	require.Equal(t, `list{
-	0: int{1}
-	1: int{2}
-}`, printer.Sprint(v))
-
-	v, err = Any(data["map"])
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.Equal(t, datamodel.Kind_Map, v.Kind())
-	require.Equal(t, int64(2), v.Length())
-	require.Equal(t, `map{
-	string{"foo"}: string{"bar"}
-	string{"foofoo"}: map{
-		string{"barbar"}: string{"foo"}
-	}
-}`, printer.Sprint(v))
-
-	v, err = Any(data["link"])
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.Equal(t, datamodel.Kind_Link, v.Kind())
-	asLink, err := v.AsLink()
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.True(t, asLink.(cidlink.Link).Equals(cid.MustParse("bafzbeigai3eoy2ccc7ybwjfz5r3rdxqrinwi4rwytly24tdbh6yk7zslrm")))
-
-	v, err = Any(data["func"])
-	require.Error(t, err)
-}
-
-func BenchmarkAny(b *testing.B) {
-	b.Run("bool", func(b *testing.B) {
-		b.ReportAllocs()
-
-		for n := 0; n < b.N; n++ {
-			_, _ = Any(true)
-		}
-	})
-
-	b.Run("string", func(b *testing.B) {
-		b.ReportAllocs()
-		for n := 0; n < b.N; n++ {
-			_, _ = Any("foobar")
-		}
-	})
-
-	b.Run("bytes", func(b *testing.B) {
-		b.ReportAllocs()
-		for n := 0; n < b.N; n++ {
-			_, _ = Any([]byte{1, 2, 3, 4})
-		}
-	})
-
-	b.Run("map", func(b *testing.B) {
-		b.ReportAllocs()
-		for n := 0; n < b.N; n++ {
-			_, _ = Any(map[string]any{
-				"foo": "bar",
-				"foofoo": map[string]string{
-					"barbar": "foo",
-				},
-			})
-		}
-	})
-}
-
-func must[T any](t T, err error) T {
-	if err != nil {
-		panic(err)
-	}
-	return t
-}
--- a/pkg/policy/match.go
+++ b/pkg/policy/match.go
@@ -7,246 +7,170 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime"
 	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/datamodel"
 	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/must"
+
+	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/pkg/policy/selector"
 )

-// Match determines if the IPLD node satisfies the policy.
-// The first Statement failing to match is returned as well.
-func (p Policy) Match(node datamodel.Node) (bool, Statement) {
-	for _, stmt := range p {
-		res, leaf := matchStatement(stmt, node)
-		switch res {
-		case matchResultNoData, matchResultFalse:
-			return false, leaf
-		case matchResultOptionalNoData, matchResultTrue:
-			// continue
-		}
-	}
-	return true, nil
+func (p Policy) Filter(sel selector.Selector) Policy {
+	return p.FilterWithMatcher(sel, selector.SegmentEquals)
 }

-// PartialMatch returns false IIF one non-optional Statement has the corresponding data and doesn't match.
-// If the data is missing or the non-optional Statement is matching, true is returned.
-//
-// This allows performing the policy checking in multiple steps, and find immediately if a Statement already failed.
-// A final call to Match is necessary to make sure that the policy is fully matched, with no missing data
-// (apart from optional values).
-//
-// The first Statement failing to match is returned as well.
-func (p Policy) PartialMatch(node datamodel.Node) (bool, Statement) {
+// FilterWithMatcher extracts a subset of the policy related to the specified selector,
+// by matching each segment using the given selector.SegmentMatcher.
+func (p Policy) FilterWithMatcher(sel selector.Selector, matcher selector.SegmentMatcher) Policy {
+	var filtered Policy
 	for _, stmt := range p {
-		res, leaf := matchStatement(stmt, node)
-		switch res {
-		case matchResultFalse:
-			return false, leaf
-		case matchResultNoData, matchResultOptionalNoData, matchResultTrue:
-			// continue
+		if stmt.Selector().Matches(sel, matcher) {
+			filtered = append(filtered, stmt)
 		}
 	}
-	return true, nil
+
+	return filtered
 }

-type matchResult int8
-
-const (
-	matchResultTrue           matchResult = iota // statement has data and resolve to true
-	matchResultFalse                             // statement has data and resolve to false
-	matchResultNoData                            // statement has no data
-	matchResultOptionalNoData                    // statement has no data and is optional
-)
-
-// matchStatement evaluate the policy against the given ipld.Node and returns:
-// - matchResultTrue: if the selector matched and the statement evaluated to true.
-// - matchResultFalse: if the selector matched and the statement evaluated to false.
-// - matchResultNoData: if the selector didn't match the expected data.
-// For matchResultTrue and matchResultNoData, the leaf-most (innermost) statement failing to be true is returned,
-// as well as the corresponding root-most encompassing statement.
-func matchStatement(cur Statement, node ipld.Node) (_ matchResult, leafMost Statement) {
-	var boolToRes = func(v bool) (matchResult, Statement) {
-		if v {
-			return matchResultTrue, nil
-		} else {
-			return matchResultFalse, cur
+// Match determines if the IPLD node matches the policy document.
+func (p Policy) Match(node datamodel.Node) bool {
+	for _, stmt := range p {
+		ok := matchStatement(stmt, node)
+		if !ok {
+			return false
 		}
 	}

-	switch cur.Kind() {
+	return true
+}
+
+func matchStatement(statement Statement, node ipld.Node) bool {
+	switch statement.Kind() {
 	case KindEqual:
-		if s, ok := cur.(equality); ok {
-			res, err := s.selector.Select(node)
+		if s, ok := statement.(equality); ok {
+			one, many, err := selector.Select(s.selector, node)
 			if err != nil {
-				return matchResultNoData, cur
+				return false
 			}
-			if res == nil { // optional selector didn't match
-				return matchResultOptionalNoData, nil
+			if one != nil {
+				return datamodel.DeepEqual(s.value, one)
 			}
-			return boolToRes(datamodel.DeepEqual(s.value, res))
+			if many != nil {
+				for _, n := range many {
+					if eq := datamodel.DeepEqual(s.value, n); eq {
+						return true
+					}
+				}
+			}
+
+			return false
 		}
 	case KindGreaterThan:
-		if s, ok := cur.(equality); ok {
-			res, err := s.selector.Select(node)
-			if err != nil {
-				return matchResultNoData, cur
+		if s, ok := statement.(equality); ok {
+			one, _, err := selector.Select(s.selector, node)
+			if err != nil || one == nil {
+				return false
 			}
-			if res == nil { // optional selector didn't match
-				return matchResultOptionalNoData, nil
-			}
-			return boolToRes(isOrdered(s.value, res, gt))
+			return isOrdered(s.value, one, gt)
 		}
 	case KindGreaterThanOrEqual:
-		if s, ok := cur.(equality); ok {
-			res, err := s.selector.Select(node)
-			if err != nil {
-				return matchResultNoData, cur
+		if s, ok := statement.(equality); ok {
+			one, _, err := selector.Select(s.selector, node)
+			if err != nil || one == nil {
+				return false
 			}
-			if res == nil { // optional selector didn't match
-				return matchResultOptionalNoData, nil
-			}
-			return boolToRes(isOrdered(s.value, res, gte))
+			return isOrdered(s.value, one, gte)
 		}
 	case KindLessThan:
-		if s, ok := cur.(equality); ok {
-			res, err := s.selector.Select(node)
-			if err != nil {
-				return matchResultNoData, cur
+		if s, ok := statement.(equality); ok {
+			one, _, err := selector.Select(s.selector, node)
+			if err != nil || one == nil {
+				return false
 			}
-			if res == nil { // optional selector didn't match
-				return matchResultOptionalNoData, nil
-			}
-			return boolToRes(isOrdered(s.value, res, lt))
+			return isOrdered(s.value, one, lt)
 		}
 	case KindLessThanOrEqual:
-		if s, ok := cur.(equality); ok {
-			res, err := s.selector.Select(node)
-			if err != nil {
-				return matchResultNoData, cur
+		if s, ok := statement.(equality); ok {
+			one, _, err := selector.Select(s.selector, node)
+			if err != nil || one == nil {
+				return false
 			}
-			if res == nil { // optional selector didn't match
-				return matchResultOptionalNoData, nil
-			}
-			return boolToRes(isOrdered(s.value, res, lte))
+			return isOrdered(s.value, one, lte)
 		}
 	case KindNot:
-		if s, ok := cur.(negation); ok {
-			res, leaf := matchStatement(s.statement, node)
-			switch res {
-			case matchResultNoData, matchResultOptionalNoData:
-				return res, leaf
-			case matchResultTrue:
-				return matchResultFalse, cur
-			case matchResultFalse:
-				return matchResultTrue, nil
-			}
+		if s, ok := statement.(negation); ok {
+			return !matchStatement(s.statement, node)
 		}
 	case KindAnd:
-		if s, ok := cur.(connective); ok {
+		if s, ok := statement.(connective); ok {
 			for _, cs := range s.statements {
-				res, leaf := matchStatement(cs, node)
-				switch res {
-				case matchResultNoData, matchResultOptionalNoData:
-					return res, leaf
-				case matchResultTrue:
-					// continue
-				case matchResultFalse:
-					return matchResultFalse, leaf
+				r := matchStatement(cs, node)
+				if !r {
+					return false
 				}
 			}
-			return matchResultTrue, nil
+			return true
 		}
 	case KindOr:
-		if s, ok := cur.(connective); ok {
+		if s, ok := statement.(connective); ok {
 			if len(s.statements) == 0 {
-				return matchResultTrue, nil
+				return true
 			}
 			for _, cs := range s.statements {
-				res, leaf := matchStatement(cs, node)
-				switch res {
-				case matchResultNoData, matchResultOptionalNoData:
-					return res, leaf
-				case matchResultTrue:
-					return matchResultTrue, leaf
-				case matchResultFalse:
-					// continue
+				r := matchStatement(cs, node)
+				if r {
+					return true
 				}
 			}
-			return matchResultFalse, cur
+			return false
 		}
 	case KindLike:
-		if s, ok := cur.(wildcard); ok {
-			res, err := s.selector.Select(node)
+		if s, ok := statement.(wildcard); ok {
+			one, _, err := selector.Select(s.selector, node)
+			if err != nil || one == nil {
+				return false
+			}
+			v, err := one.AsString()
 			if err != nil {
-				return matchResultNoData, cur
+				return false
 			}
-			if res == nil { // optional selector didn't match
-				return matchResultOptionalNoData, nil
-			}
-			v, err := res.AsString()
-			if err != nil {
-				return matchResultFalse, cur // not a string
-			}
-			return boolToRes(s.pattern.Match(v))
+			return s.pattern.Match(v)
 		}
 	case KindAll:
-		if s, ok := cur.(quantifier); ok {
-			res, err := s.selector.Select(node)
-			if err != nil {
-				return matchResultNoData, cur
+		if s, ok := statement.(quantifier); ok {
+			_, many, err := selector.Select(s.selector, node)
+			if err != nil || many == nil {
+				return false
 			}
-			if res == nil {
-				return matchResultOptionalNoData, nil
-			}
-			it := res.ListIterator()
-			if it == nil {
-				return matchResultFalse, cur // not a list
-			}
-			for !it.Done() {
-				_, v, err := it.Next()
-				if err != nil {
-					panic("should never happen")
-				}
-				matchRes, leaf := matchStatement(s.statement, v)
-				switch matchRes {
-				case matchResultNoData, matchResultOptionalNoData:
-					return matchRes, leaf
-				case matchResultTrue:
-					// continue
-				case matchResultFalse:
-					return matchResultFalse, leaf
+			for _, n := range many {
+				ok := matchStatement(s.statement, n)
+				if !ok {
+					return false
 				}
 			}
-			return matchResultTrue, nil
+			return true
 		}
 	case KindAny:
-		if s, ok := cur.(quantifier); ok {
-			res, err := s.selector.Select(node)
+		if s, ok := statement.(quantifier); ok {
+			one, many, err := selector.Select(s.selector, node)
 			if err != nil {
-				return matchResultNoData, cur
+				return false
 			}
-			if res == nil {
-				return matchResultOptionalNoData, nil
-			}
-			it := res.ListIterator()
-			if it == nil {
-				return matchResultFalse, cur // not a list
-			}
-			for !it.Done() {
-				_, v, err := it.Next()
-				if err != nil {
-					panic("should never happen")
-				}
-				matchRes, leaf := matchStatement(s.statement, v)
-				switch matchRes {
-				case matchResultNoData, matchResultOptionalNoData:
-					return matchRes, leaf
-				case matchResultTrue:
-					return matchResultTrue, nil
-				case matchResultFalse:
-					// continue
+			if one != nil {
+				ok := matchStatement(s.statement, one)
+				if ok {
+					return true
 				}
 			}
-			return matchResultFalse, cur
+			if many != nil {
+				for _, n := range many {
+					ok := matchStatement(s.statement, n)
+					if ok {
+						return true
+					}
+				}
+			}
+
+			return false
 		}
 	}
-	panic(fmt.Errorf("unimplemented statement kind: %s", cur.Kind()))
+	panic(fmt.Errorf("unimplemented statement kind: %s", statement.Kind()))
 }

 func isOrdered(expected ipld.Node, actual ipld.Node, satisfies func(order int) bool) bool {
--- a/pkg/policy/match_test.go
+++ b/pkg/policy/match_test.go
--- a/pkg/policy/policy.go
+++ b/pkg/policy/policy.go
@@ -3,13 +3,9 @@ package policy
 // https://github.com/ucan-wg/delegation/blob/4094d5878b58f5d35055a3b93fccda0b8329ebae/README.md#policy

 import (
-	"fmt"
-	"strings"
-
 	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime"
-	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/codec/dagjson"

-	selpkg "github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/pkg/policy/selector"
+	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/pkg/policy/selector"
 )

 const (
@@ -28,43 +24,14 @@ const (

 type Policy []Statement

-type Constructor func() (Statement, error)
-
-func Construct(cstors ...Constructor) (Policy, error) {
-	stmts, err := assemble(cstors)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	return stmts, nil
-}
-
-func MustConstruct(cstors ...Constructor) Policy {
-	pol, err := Construct(cstors...)
-	if err != nil {
-		panic(err)
-	}
-	return pol
-}
-
-func (p Policy) String() string {
-	if len(p) == 0 {
-		return "[]"
-	}
-	childs := make([]string, len(p))
-	for i, statement := range p {
-		childs[i] = strings.ReplaceAll(statement.String(), "\n", "\n  ")
-	}
-	return fmt.Sprintf("[\n  %s\n]", strings.Join(childs, ",\n  "))
-}
-
 type Statement interface {
 	Kind() string
-	String() string
+	Selector() selector.Selector
 }

 type equality struct {
 	kind     string
-	selector selpkg.Selector
+	selector selector.Selector
 	value    ipld.Node
 }

@@ -72,47 +39,28 @@ func (e equality) Kind() string {
 	return e.kind
 }

-func (e equality) String() string {
-	child, err := ipld.Encode(e.value, dagjson.Encode)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "ERROR: INVALID VALUE"
-	}
-	return fmt.Sprintf(`["%s", "%s", %s]`, e.kind, e.selector, strings.ReplaceAll(string(child), "\n", "\n  "))
+func (e equality) Selector() selector.Selector {
+	return e.selector
 }

-func Equal(selector string, value ipld.Node) Constructor {
-	return func() (Statement, error) {
-		sel, err := selpkg.Parse(selector)
-		return equality{kind: KindEqual, selector: sel, value: value}, err
-	}
+func Equal(selector selector.Selector, value ipld.Node) Statement {
+	return equality{kind: KindEqual, selector: selector, value: value}
 }

-func GreaterThan(selector string, value ipld.Node) Constructor {
-	return func() (Statement, error) {
-		sel, err := selpkg.Parse(selector)
-		return equality{kind: KindGreaterThan, selector: sel, value: value}, err
-	}
+func GreaterThan(selector selector.Selector, value ipld.Node) Statement {
+	return equality{kind: KindGreaterThan, selector: selector, value: value}
 }

-func GreaterThanOrEqual(selector string, value ipld.Node) Constructor {
-	return func() (Statement, error) {
-		sel, err := selpkg.Parse(selector)
-		return equality{kind: KindGreaterThanOrEqual, selector: sel, value: value}, err
-	}
+func GreaterThanOrEqual(selector selector.Selector, value ipld.Node) Statement {
+	return equality{kind: KindGreaterThanOrEqual, selector: selector, value: value}
 }

-func LessThan(selector string, value ipld.Node) Constructor {
-	return func() (Statement, error) {
-		sel, err := selpkg.Parse(selector)
-		return equality{kind: KindLessThan, selector: sel, value: value}, err
-	}
+func LessThan(selector selector.Selector, value ipld.Node) Statement {
+	return equality{kind: KindLessThan, selector: selector, value: value}
 }

-func LessThanOrEqual(selector string, value ipld.Node) Constructor {
-	return func() (Statement, error) {
-		sel, err := selpkg.Parse(selector)
-		return equality{kind: KindLessThanOrEqual, selector: sel, value: value}, err
-	}
+func LessThanOrEqual(selector selector.Selector, value ipld.Node) Statement {
+	return equality{kind: KindLessThanOrEqual, selector: selector, value: value}
 }

 type negation struct {
@@ -123,16 +71,12 @@ func (n negation) Kind() string {
 	return KindNot
 }

-func (n negation) String() string {
-	child := n.statement.String()
-	return fmt.Sprintf(`["%s", "%s"]`, n.Kind(), strings.ReplaceAll(child, "\n", "\n  "))
+func (n negation) Selector() selector.Selector {
+	return n.statement.Selector()
 }

-func Not(cstor Constructor) Constructor {
-	return func() (Statement, error) {
-		stmt, err := cstor()
-		return negation{statement: stmt}, err
-	}
+func Not(stmt Statement) Statement {
+	return negation{statement: stmt}
 }

 type connective struct {
@@ -144,36 +88,25 @@ func (c connective) Kind() string {
 	return c.kind
 }

-func (c connective) String() string {
-	childs := make([]string, len(c.statements))
-	for i, statement := range c.statements {
-		childs[i] = strings.ReplaceAll(statement.String(), "\n", "\n  ")
+func (c connective) Selector() selector.Selector {
+	// assuming the first statement's selector is representative
+	if len(c.statements) > 0 {
+		return c.statements[0].Selector()
 	}
-	return fmt.Sprintf("[\"%s\", [\n  %s]]\n", c.kind, strings.Join(childs, ",\n  "))
+
+	return selector.Selector{}
 }

-func And(cstors ...Constructor) Constructor {
-	return func() (Statement, error) {
-		stmts, err := assemble(cstors)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		return connective{kind: KindAnd, statements: stmts}, nil
-	}
+func And(stmts ...Statement) Statement {
+	return connective{kind: KindAnd, statements: stmts}
 }

-func Or(cstors ...Constructor) Constructor {
-	return func() (Statement, error) {
-		stmts, err := assemble(cstors)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		return connective{kind: KindOr, statements: stmts}, nil
-	}
+func Or(stmts ...Statement) Statement {
+	return connective{kind: KindOr, statements: stmts}
 }

 type wildcard struct {
-	selector selpkg.Selector
+	selector selector.Selector
 	pattern  glob
 }

@@ -181,24 +114,22 @@ func (n wildcard) Kind() string {
 	return KindLike
 }

-func (n wildcard) String() string {
-	return fmt.Sprintf(`["%s", "%s", "%s"]`, n.Kind(), n.selector, n.pattern)
+func (n wildcard) Selector() selector.Selector {
+	return n.selector
 }

-func Like(selector string, pattern string) Constructor {
-	return func() (Statement, error) {
-		g, err := parseGlob(pattern)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		sel, err := selpkg.Parse(selector)
-		return wildcard{selector: sel, pattern: g}, err
+func Like(selector selector.Selector, pattern string) (Statement, error) {
+	g, err := parseGlob(pattern)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
 	}
+
+	return wildcard{selector: selector, pattern: g}, nil
 }

 type quantifier struct {
 	kind      string
-	selector  selpkg.Selector
+	selector  selector.Selector
 	statement Statement
 }

@@ -206,41 +137,14 @@ func (n quantifier) Kind() string {
 	return n.kind
 }

-func (n quantifier) String() string {
-	child := n.statement.String()
-	return fmt.Sprintf("[\"%s\", \"%s\",\n  %s]", n.Kind(), n.selector, strings.ReplaceAll(child, "\n", "\n  "))
+func (n quantifier) Selector() selector.Selector {
+	return n.selector
 }

-func All(selector string, cstor Constructor) Constructor {
-	return func() (Statement, error) {
-		stmt, err := cstor()
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		sel, err := selpkg.Parse(selector)
-		return quantifier{kind: KindAll, selector: sel, statement: stmt}, err
-	}
+func All(selector selector.Selector, statement Statement) Statement {
+	return quantifier{kind: KindAll, selector: selector, statement: statement}
 }

-func Any(selector string, cstor Constructor) Constructor {
-	return func() (Statement, error) {
-		stmt, err := cstor()
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		sel, err := selpkg.Parse(selector)
-		return quantifier{kind: KindAny, selector: sel, statement: stmt}, err
-	}
-}
-
-func assemble(cstors []Constructor) ([]Statement, error) {
-	stmts := make([]Statement, 0, len(cstors))
-	for _, cstor := range cstors {
-		stmt, err := cstor()
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		stmts = append(stmts, stmt)
-	}
-	return stmts, nil
+func Any(selector selector.Selector, statement Statement) Statement {
+	return quantifier{kind: KindAny, selector: selector, statement: statement}
 }
--- a/pkg/policy/policy_test.go
+++ b/pkg/policy/policy_test.go
@@ -1,91 +0,0 @@
-package policy_test
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"testing"
-
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
-
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/pkg/policy"
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/pkg/policy/literal"
-)
-
-func ExamplePolicy() {
-	pol := policy.MustConstruct(
-		policy.Equal(".status", literal.String("draft")),
-		policy.All(".reviewer",
-			policy.Like(".email", "*@example.com"),
-		),
-		policy.Any(".tags", policy.Or(
-			policy.Equal(".", literal.String("news")),
-			policy.Equal(".", literal.String("press")),
-		)),
-	)
-
-	fmt.Println(pol)
-
-	// Output:
-	// [
-	//   ["==", ".status", "draft"],
-	//   ["all", ".reviewer",
-	//     ["like", ".email", "*@example.com"]],
-	//   ["any", ".tags",
-	//     ["or", [
-	//       ["==", ".", "news"],
-	//       ["==", ".", "press"]]]
-	//     ]
-	// ]
-}
-
-func ExamplePolicy_accumulate() {
-	var statements []policy.Constructor
-
-	statements = append(statements, policy.Equal(".status", literal.String("draft")))
-
-	statements = append(statements, policy.All(".reviewer",
-		policy.Like(".email", "*@example.com"),
-	))
-
-	statements = append(statements, policy.Any(".tags", policy.Or(
-		policy.Equal(".", literal.String("news")),
-		policy.Equal(".", literal.String("press")),
-	)))
-
-	pol := policy.MustConstruct(statements...)
-
-	fmt.Println(pol)
-
-	// Output:
-	// [
-	//   ["==", ".status", "draft"],
-	//   ["all", ".reviewer",
-	//     ["like", ".email", "*@example.com"]],
-	//   ["any", ".tags",
-	//     ["or", [
-	//       ["==", ".", "news"],
-	//       ["==", ".", "press"]]]
-	//     ]
-	// ]
-}
-
-func TestConstruct(t *testing.T) {
-	pol, err := policy.Construct(
-		policy.Equal(".status", literal.String("draft")),
-		policy.All(".reviewer",
-			policy.Like(".email", "*@example.com"),
-		),
-	)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NotNil(t, pol)
-
-	// check if errors cascade correctly
-	pol, err = policy.Construct(
-		policy.Equal(".status", literal.String("draft")),
-		policy.All(".reviewer", policy.Or(
-			policy.Like(".email", "*@example.com"),
-			policy.Like(".", "\\"), // invalid pattern
-		)),
-	)
-	require.Error(t, err)
-	require.Nil(t, pol)
-}
--- a/pkg/policy/selector/parsing.go
+++ b/pkg/policy/selector/parsing.go
@@ -2,18 +2,10 @@ package selector

 import (
 	"fmt"
-	"math"
-	"regexp"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 )

-var (
-	indexRegex = regexp.MustCompile(`^-?\d+$`)
-	sliceRegex = regexp.MustCompile(`^((\-?\d+:\-?\d*)|(\-?\d*:\-?\d+))$`)
-	fieldRegex = regexp.MustCompile(`^\.[a-zA-Z_]*?$`)
-)
-
 func Parse(str string) (Selector, error) {
 	if len(str) == 0 {
 		return nil, newParseError("empty selector", str, 0, "")
@@ -21,12 +13,6 @@ func Parse(str string) (Selector, error) {
 	if string(str[0]) != "." {
 		return nil, newParseError("selector must start with identity segment '.'", str, 0, string(str[0]))
 	}
-	if str == "." {
-		return Selector{segment{str: ".", identity: true}}, nil
-	}
-	if str == ".?" {
-		return Selector{segment{str: ".?", identity: true, optional: true}}, nil
-	}

 	col := 0
 	var sel Selector
@@ -34,70 +20,56 @@ func Parse(str string) (Selector, error) {
 		seg := tok
 		opt := strings.HasSuffix(tok, "?")
 		if opt {
-			seg = strings.TrimRight(tok, "?")
+			seg = tok[0 : len(tok)-1]
 		}
-		switch {
-		case seg == ".":
+		switch seg {
+		case ".":
 			if len(sel) > 0 && sel[len(sel)-1].Identity() {
 				return nil, newParseError("selector contains unsupported recursive descent segment: '..'", str, col, tok)
 			}
-			sel = append(sel, segment{str: ".", identity: true})
+			sel = append(sel, Identity)
+		case "[]":
+			sel = append(sel, segment{tok, false, opt, true, nil, "", 0})
+		default:
+			if strings.HasPrefix(seg, "[") && strings.HasSuffix(seg, "]") {
+				lookup := seg[1 : len(seg)-1]

-		case seg == "[]":
-			sel = append(sel, segment{str: tok, optional: opt, iterator: true})
-
-		case strings.HasPrefix(seg, "[") && strings.HasSuffix(seg, "]"):
-			lookup := seg[1 : len(seg)-1]
-
-			switch {
-			// index, [123]
-			case indexRegex.MatchString(lookup):
-				idx, err := strconv.Atoi(lookup)
-				if err != nil {
-					return nil, newParseError("invalid index", str, col, tok)
-				}
-				sel = append(sel, segment{str: tok, optional: opt, index: idx})
-
-			// explicit field, ["abcd"]
-			case strings.HasPrefix(lookup, "\"") && strings.HasSuffix(lookup, "\""):
-				fieldName := lookup[1 : len(lookup)-1]
-				if strings.Contains(fieldName, ":") {
+				if indexRegex.MatchString(lookup) { // index
+					idx, err := strconv.Atoi(lookup)
+					if err != nil {
+						return nil, newParseError("invalid index", str, col, tok)
+					}
+					sel = append(sel, segment{str: tok, optional: opt, index: idx})
+				} else if strings.HasPrefix(lookup, "\"") && strings.HasSuffix(lookup, "\"") { // explicit field
+					sel = append(sel, segment{str: tok, optional: opt, field: lookup[1 : len(lookup)-1]})
+				} else if sliceRegex.MatchString(lookup) { // slice [3:5] or [:5] or [3:]
+					var rng []int
+					splt := strings.Split(lookup, ":")
+					if splt[0] == "" {
+						rng = append(rng, 0)
+					} else {
+						i, err := strconv.Atoi(splt[0])
+						if err != nil {
+							return nil, newParseError("invalid slice index", str, col, tok)
+						}
+						rng = append(rng, i)
+					}
+					if splt[1] != "" {
+						i, err := strconv.Atoi(splt[1])
+						if err != nil {
+							return nil, newParseError("invalid slice index", str, col, tok)
+						}
+						rng = append(rng, i)
+					}
+					sel = append(sel, segment{str: tok, optional: opt, slice: rng})
+				} else {
 					return nil, newParseError(fmt.Sprintf("invalid segment: %s", seg), str, col, tok)
 				}
-				sel = append(sel, segment{str: tok, optional: opt, field: fieldName})
-
-			// slice [3:5] or [:5] or [3:], also negative numbers
-			case sliceRegex.MatchString(lookup):
-				var rng [2]int64
-				splt := strings.Split(lookup, ":")
-				if splt[0] == "" {
-					rng[0] = math.MinInt
-				} else {
-					i, err := strconv.ParseInt(splt[0], 10, 0)
-					if err != nil {
-						return nil, newParseError("invalid slice index", str, col, tok)
-					}
-					rng[0] = i
-				}
-				if splt[1] == "" {
-					rng[1] = math.MaxInt
-				} else {
-					i, err := strconv.ParseInt(splt[1], 10, 0)
-					if err != nil {
-						return nil, newParseError("invalid slice index", str, col, tok)
-					}
-					rng[1] = i
-				}
-				sel = append(sel, segment{str: tok, optional: opt, slice: rng[:]})
-
-			default:
+			} else if fieldRegex.MatchString(seg) {
+				sel = append(sel, segment{str: tok, optional: opt, field: seg[1:]})
+			} else {
 				return nil, newParseError(fmt.Sprintf("invalid segment: %s", seg), str, col, tok)
 			}
-
-		case fieldRegex.MatchString(seg):
-			sel = append(sel, segment{str: tok, optional: opt, field: seg[1:]})
-		default:
-			return nil, newParseError(fmt.Sprintf("invalid segment: %s", seg), str, col, tok)
 		}
 		col += len(tok)
 	}
--- a/pkg/policy/selector/parsing_test.go
+++ b/pkg/policy/selector/parsing_test.go
@@ -1,552 +0,0 @@
-package selector
-
-import (
-	"math"
-	"testing"
-
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
-)
-
-func TestParse(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Run("identity", func(t *testing.T) {
-		sel, err := Parse(".")
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.Equal(t, 1, len(sel))
-		require.True(t, sel[0].Identity())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Iterator())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Slice())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Field())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Index())
-	})
-
-	t.Run("dotted field name", func(t *testing.T) {
-		sel, err := Parse(".foo")
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.Equal(t, 1, len(sel))
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Identity())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Iterator())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Slice())
-		require.Equal(t, sel[0].Field(), "foo")
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Index())
-	})
-
-	t.Run("explicit field", func(t *testing.T) {
-		sel, err := Parse(`.["foo"]`)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.Equal(t, 2, len(sel))
-		require.True(t, sel[0].Identity())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Iterator())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Slice())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Field())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Index())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Identity())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Iterator())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Slice())
-		require.Equal(t, sel[1].Field(), "foo")
-		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Index())
-	})
-
-	t.Run("iterator, collection value", func(t *testing.T) {
-		sel, err := Parse(".[]")
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.Equal(t, 2, len(sel))
-		require.True(t, sel[0].Identity())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Iterator())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Slice())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Field())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Index())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Identity())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Optional())
-		require.True(t, sel[1].Iterator())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Slice())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Field())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Index())
-	})
-
-	t.Run("index", func(t *testing.T) {
-		sel, err := Parse(".[138]")
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.Equal(t, 2, len(sel))
-		require.True(t, sel[0].Identity())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Iterator())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Slice())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Field())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Index())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Identity())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Iterator())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Slice())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Field())
-		require.Equal(t, sel[1].Index(), 138)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("negative index", func(t *testing.T) {
-		sel, err := Parse(".[-138]")
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.Equal(t, 2, len(sel))
-		require.True(t, sel[0].Identity())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Iterator())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Slice())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Field())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Index())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Identity())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Iterator())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Slice())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Field())
-		require.Equal(t, sel[1].Index(), -138)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("List slice", func(t *testing.T) {
-		sel, err := Parse(".[7:11]")
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.Equal(t, 2, len(sel))
-		require.True(t, sel[0].Identity())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Iterator())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Slice())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Field())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Index())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Identity())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Iterator())
-		require.Equal(t, sel[1].Slice(), []int64{7, 11})
-		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Field())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Index())
-
-		sel, err = Parse(".[2:]")
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.Equal(t, 2, len(sel))
-		require.True(t, sel[0].Identity())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Iterator())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Slice())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Field())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Index())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Identity())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Iterator())
-		require.Equal(t, sel[1].Slice(), []int64{2, math.MaxInt})
-		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Field())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Index())
-
-		sel, err = Parse(".[:42]")
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.Equal(t, 2, len(sel))
-		require.True(t, sel[0].Identity())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Iterator())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Slice())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Field())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Index())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Identity())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Iterator())
-		require.Equal(t, sel[1].Slice(), []int64{math.MinInt, 42})
-		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Field())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Index())
-
-		sel, err = Parse(".[0:-2]")
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.Equal(t, 2, len(sel))
-		require.True(t, sel[0].Identity())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Iterator())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Slice())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Field())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Index())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Identity())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Iterator())
-		require.Equal(t, sel[1].Slice(), []int64{0, -2})
-		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Field())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Index())
-	})
-
-	t.Run("optional identity", func(t *testing.T) {
-		sel, err := Parse(".?")
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.Equal(t, 1, len(sel))
-		require.True(t, sel[0].Identity())
-		require.True(t, sel[0].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Iterator())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Slice())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Field())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Index())
-	})
-
-	t.Run("optional dotted field name", func(t *testing.T) {
-		sel, err := Parse(".foo?")
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.Equal(t, 1, len(sel))
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Identity())
-		require.True(t, sel[0].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Iterator())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Slice())
-		require.Equal(t, sel[0].Field(), "foo")
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Index())
-	})
-
-	t.Run("optional explicit field", func(t *testing.T) {
-		sel, err := Parse(`.["foo"]?`)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.Equal(t, 2, len(sel))
-		require.True(t, sel[0].Identity())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Iterator())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Slice())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Field())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Index())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Identity())
-		require.True(t, sel[1].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Iterator())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Slice())
-		require.Equal(t, sel[1].Field(), "foo")
-		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Index())
-	})
-
-	t.Run("optional iterator", func(t *testing.T) {
-		sel, err := Parse(".[]?")
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.Equal(t, 2, len(sel))
-		require.True(t, sel[0].Identity())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Iterator())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Slice())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Field())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Index())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Identity())
-		require.True(t, sel[1].Optional())
-		require.True(t, sel[1].Iterator())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Slice())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Field())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Index())
-	})
-
-	t.Run("optional index", func(t *testing.T) {
-		sel, err := Parse(".[138]?")
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.Equal(t, 2, len(sel))
-		require.True(t, sel[0].Identity())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Iterator())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Slice())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Field())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Index())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Identity())
-		require.True(t, sel[1].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Iterator())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Slice())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Field())
-		require.Equal(t, sel[1].Index(), 138)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("optional negative index", func(t *testing.T) {
-		sel, err := Parse(".[-138]?")
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.Equal(t, 2, len(sel))
-		require.True(t, sel[0].Identity())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Iterator())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Slice())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Field())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Index())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Identity())
-		require.True(t, sel[1].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Iterator())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Slice())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Field())
-		require.Equal(t, sel[1].Index(), -138)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("optional list slice", func(t *testing.T) {
-		sel, err := Parse(".[7:11]?")
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.Equal(t, 2, len(sel))
-		require.True(t, sel[0].Identity())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Iterator())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Slice())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Field())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Index())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Identity())
-		require.True(t, sel[1].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Iterator())
-		require.Equal(t, sel[1].Slice(), []int64{7, 11})
-		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Field())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Index())
-
-		sel, err = Parse(".[2:]?")
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.Equal(t, 2, len(sel))
-		require.True(t, sel[0].Identity())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Iterator())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Slice())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Field())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Index())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Identity())
-		require.True(t, sel[1].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Iterator())
-		require.Equal(t, sel[1].Slice(), []int64{2, math.MaxInt})
-		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Field())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Index())
-
-		sel, err = Parse(".[:42]?")
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.Equal(t, 2, len(sel))
-		require.True(t, sel[0].Identity())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Iterator())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Slice())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Field())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Index())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Identity())
-		require.True(t, sel[1].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Iterator())
-		require.Equal(t, sel[1].Slice(), []int64{math.MinInt, 42})
-		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Field())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Index())
-
-		sel, err = Parse(".[0:-2]?")
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.Equal(t, 2, len(sel))
-		require.True(t, sel[0].Identity())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Iterator())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Slice())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Field())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Index())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Identity())
-		require.True(t, sel[1].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Iterator())
-		require.Equal(t, sel[1].Slice(), []int64{0, -2})
-		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Field())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Index())
-	})
-
-	t.Run("idempotent optional", func(t *testing.T) {
-		sel, err := Parse(".foo???")
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.Equal(t, 1, len(sel))
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Identity())
-		require.True(t, sel[0].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Iterator())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Slice())
-		require.Equal(t, sel[0].Field(), "foo")
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Index())
-	})
-
-	t.Run("deny multi dot", func(t *testing.T) {
-		_, err := Parse("..")
-		require.Error(t, err)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("nesting", func(t *testing.T) {
-		str := `.foo.["bar"].[138]?.baz[1:]`
-		sel, err := Parse(str)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.Equal(t, str, sel.String())
-		require.Equal(t, 7, len(sel))
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Identity())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Iterator())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Slice())
-		require.Equal(t, sel[0].Field(), "foo")
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Index())
-		require.True(t, sel[1].Identity())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Iterator())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Slice())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Field())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Index())
-		require.False(t, sel[2].Identity())
-		require.False(t, sel[2].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[2].Iterator())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[2].Slice())
-		require.Equal(t, sel[2].Field(), "bar")
-		require.Empty(t, sel[2].Index())
-		require.True(t, sel[3].Identity())
-		require.False(t, sel[3].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[3].Iterator())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[3].Slice())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[3].Field())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[3].Index())
-		require.False(t, sel[4].Identity())
-		require.True(t, sel[4].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[4].Iterator())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[4].Slice())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[4].Field())
-		require.Equal(t, sel[4].Index(), 138)
-		require.False(t, sel[5].Identity())
-		require.False(t, sel[5].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[5].Iterator())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[5].Slice())
-		require.Equal(t, sel[5].Field(), "baz")
-		require.Empty(t, sel[5].Index())
-		require.False(t, sel[6].Identity())
-		require.False(t, sel[6].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[6].Iterator())
-		require.Equal(t, sel[6].Slice(), []int64{1, math.MaxInt})
-		require.Empty(t, sel[6].Field())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[6].Index())
-	})
-
-	t.Run("non dotted", func(t *testing.T) {
-		_, err := Parse("foo")
-		require.NotNil(t, err)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("non quoted", func(t *testing.T) {
-		_, err := Parse(".[foo]")
-		require.NotNil(t, err)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("slice with negative start and positive end", func(t *testing.T) {
-		sel, err := Parse(".[0:-2]")
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.Equal(t, 2, len(sel))
-		require.True(t, sel[0].Identity())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Iterator())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Slice())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Field())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Index())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Identity())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Iterator())
-		require.Equal(t, sel[1].Slice(), []int64{0, -2})
-		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Field())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Index())
-	})
-
-	t.Run("slice with start greater than end", func(t *testing.T) {
-		sel, err := Parse(".[5:2]")
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.Equal(t, 2, len(sel))
-		require.True(t, sel[0].Identity())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Iterator())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Slice())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Field())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Index())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Identity())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Iterator())
-		require.Equal(t, sel[1].Slice(), []int64{5, 2})
-		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Field())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Index())
-	})
-
-	t.Run("slice on string", func(t *testing.T) {
-		sel, err := Parse(`.["foo"].[1:3]`)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.Equal(t, 4, len(sel))
-		require.True(t, sel[0].Identity())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Iterator())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Slice())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Field())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Index())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Identity())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Iterator())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Slice())
-		require.Equal(t, sel[1].Field(), "foo")
-		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Index())
-		require.True(t, sel[2].Identity())
-		require.False(t, sel[2].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[2].Iterator())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[2].Slice())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[2].Field())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[2].Index())
-		require.False(t, sel[3].Identity())
-		require.False(t, sel[3].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[3].Iterator())
-		require.Equal(t, sel[3].Slice(), []int64{1, 3})
-		require.Empty(t, sel[3].Field())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[3].Index())
-	})
-
-	t.Run("slice on array", func(t *testing.T) {
-		sel, err := Parse(`.[1:3]`)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.Equal(t, 2, len(sel))
-		require.True(t, sel[0].Identity())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Iterator())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Slice())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Field())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Index())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Identity())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Iterator())
-		require.Equal(t, sel[1].Slice(), []int64{1, 3})
-		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Field())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Index())
-	})
-
-	t.Run("index on array", func(t *testing.T) {
-		sel, err := Parse(`.[1]`)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.Equal(t, 2, len(sel))
-		require.True(t, sel[0].Identity())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Iterator())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Slice())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Field())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Index())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Identity())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Iterator())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Slice())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Field())
-		require.Equal(t, sel[1].Index(), 1)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("invalid slice on object", func(t *testing.T) {
-		_, err := Parse(`.["foo":"bar"]`)
-		require.Error(t, err)
-		require.Contains(t, err.Error(), "invalid segment")
-	})
-
-	t.Run("index on object", func(t *testing.T) {
-		sel, err := Parse(`.["foo"]`)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.Equal(t, 2, len(sel))
-		require.True(t, sel[0].Identity())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Iterator())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Slice())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Field())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Index())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Identity())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Iterator())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Slice())
-		require.Equal(t, sel[1].Field(), "foo")
-		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Index())
-	})
-
-	t.Run("slice with non-integer start", func(t *testing.T) {
-		_, err := Parse(".[foo:3]")
-		require.Error(t, err)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("slice with non-integer end", func(t *testing.T) {
-		_, err := Parse(".[1:bar]")
-		require.Error(t, err)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("index with non-integer", func(t *testing.T) {
-		_, err := Parse(".[foo]")
-		require.Error(t, err)
-	})
-}
--- a/pkg/policy/selector/selector.go
+++ b/pkg/policy/selector/selector.go
@@ -2,29 +2,19 @@ package selector

 import (
 	"fmt"
-	"math"
-	"strconv"
+	"regexp"
 	"strings"

 	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime"
 	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/datamodel"
-	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/fluent/qp"
 	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/node/basicnode"
+	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/schema"
 )

 // Selector describes a UCAN policy selector, as specified here:
 // https://github.com/ucan-wg/delegation/blob/4094d5878b58f5d35055a3b93fccda0b8329ebae/README.md#selectors
 type Selector []segment

-// Select perform the selection described by the selector on the input IPLD DAG.
-// Select can return:
-//   - exactly one matched IPLD node
-//   - a resolutionerr error if not being able to resolve to a node
-//   - nil and no errors, if the selector couldn't match on an optional segment (with ?).
-func (s Selector) Select(subject ipld.Node) (ipld.Node, error) {
-	return resolve(s, subject, nil)
-}
-
 func (s Selector) String() string {
 	var res strings.Builder
 	for _, seg := range s {
@@ -33,16 +23,81 @@ func (s Selector) String() string {
 	return res.String()
 }

+// Matches checks if the selector matches another selector.
+func (s Selector) Matches(other Selector, matcher SegmentMatcher) bool {
+	if len(s) != len(other) {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	for i, seg := range s {
+		if !matcher(seg, other[i]) {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+
+	return true
+}
+
+var Identity = segment{".", true, false, false, nil, "", 0}
+
+var (
+	indexRegex = regexp.MustCompile(`^-?\d+$`)
+	sliceRegex = regexp.MustCompile(`^((\-?\d+:\-?\d*)|(\-?\d*:\-?\d+))$`)
+	fieldRegex = regexp.MustCompile(`^\.[a-zA-Z_]*?$`)
+)
+
 type segment struct {
 	str      string
 	identity bool
 	optional bool
 	iterator bool
-	slice    []int64 // either 0-length or 2-length
+	slice    []int
 	field    string
 	index    int
 }

+// NewFieldSegment creates a new segment for a field.
+func NewFieldSegment(field string) segment {
+	return segment{
+		str:   fmt.Sprintf(".%s", field),
+		field: field,
+	}
+}
+
+// NewIndexSegment creates a new segment for an index.
+func NewIndexSegment(index int) segment {
+	return segment{
+		str:   fmt.Sprintf("[%d]", index),
+		index: index,
+	}
+}
+
+// NewSliceSegment creates a new segment for a slice.
+func NewSliceSegment(slice []int) segment {
+	return segment{
+		str:   fmt.Sprintf("[%d:%d]", slice[0], slice[1]),
+		slice: slice,
+	}
+}
+
+// NewIteratorSegment creates a new segment for an iterator.
+func NewIteratorSegment() segment {
+	return segment{
+		str:      "*",
+		iterator: true,
+	}
+}
+
+type SegmentMatcher func(s1, s2 segment) bool
+
+var SegmentEquals SegmentMatcher = func(s1, s2 segment) bool {
+	return s1.str == s2.str
+}
+
+var SegmentStartsWith SegmentMatcher = func(s1, s2 segment) bool {
+	return strings.HasPrefix(s1.str, s2.str)
+}
+
 // String returns the segment's string representation.
 func (s segment) String() string {
 	return s.str
@@ -64,7 +119,7 @@ func (s segment) Iterator() bool {
 }

 // Slice flags that this segment targets a range of a slice.
-func (s segment) Slice() []int64 {
+func (s segment) Slice() []int {
 	return s.slice
 }

@@ -78,168 +133,308 @@ func (s segment) Index() int {
 	return s.index
 }

-func resolve(sel Selector, subject ipld.Node, at []string) (ipld.Node, error) {
-	errIfNotOptional := func(s segment, err error) error {
-		if !s.Optional() {
-			return err
-		}
-		return nil
-	}
+// Select uses a selector to extract an IPLD node or set of nodes from the
+// passed subject node.
+func Select(sel Selector, subject ipld.Node) (ipld.Node, []ipld.Node, error) {
+	return resolve(sel, subject, nil)
+}

+func resolve(sel Selector, subject ipld.Node, at []string) (ipld.Node, []ipld.Node, error) {
 	cur := subject
-	for _, seg := range sel {
+	for i, seg := range sel {
+		if seg.Identity() {
+			continue
+		}
+
 		// 1st level: handle the different segment types (iterator, field, slice, index)
 		// 2nd level: handle different node kinds (list, map, string, bytes)
 		switch {
-		case seg.Identity():
-			continue
-
 		case seg.Iterator():
-			switch {
-			case cur == nil || cur.Kind() == datamodel.Kind_Null:
+			if cur == nil || cur.Kind() == datamodel.Kind_Null {
 				if seg.Optional() {
-					// build an empty list
-					n, _ := qp.BuildList(basicnode.Prototype.Any, 0, func(_ datamodel.ListAssembler) {})
-					return n, nil
+					// build empty list
+					nb := basicnode.Prototype.List.NewBuilder()
+					assembler, err := nb.BeginList(0)
+					if err != nil {
+						return nil, nil, err
+					}
+
+					if err = assembler.Finish(); err != nil {
+						return nil, nil, err
+					}
+
+					return nb.Build(), nil, nil
+				} else {
+					return nil, nil, newResolutionError(fmt.Sprintf("can not iterate over kind: %s", kindString(cur)), at)
 				}
-				return nil, newResolutionError(fmt.Sprintf("can not iterate over kind: %s", kindString(cur)), at)
+			} else {
+				var many []ipld.Node
+				switch cur.Kind() {
+				case datamodel.Kind_List:
+					it := cur.ListIterator()
+					for !it.Done() {
+						_, v, err := it.Next()
+						if err != nil {
+							return nil, nil, err
+						}

-			case cur.Kind() == datamodel.Kind_List:
-				// iterators are no-op on list
-				continue
-
-			case cur.Kind() == datamodel.Kind_Map:
-				// iterators on maps collect the values
-				nd, err := qp.BuildList(basicnode.Prototype.Any, cur.Length(), func(l datamodel.ListAssembler) {
+						// check if there are more iterator segments
+						if len(sel) > i+1 && sel[i+1].Iterator() {
+							if v.Kind() == datamodel.Kind_List {
+								// recursively resolve the remaining selector segments
+								var o ipld.Node
+								var m []ipld.Node
+								o, m, err = resolve(sel[i+1:], v, at)
+								if err != nil {
+									// if the segment is optional and an error occurs, skip the current iteration.
+									if seg.Optional() {
+										continue
+									} else {
+										return nil, nil, err
+									}
+								}
+								if m != nil {
+									many = append(many, m...)
+								} else if o != nil {
+									many = append(many, o)
+								}
+							} else {
+								// if the current value is not a list and the next segment is optional, skip the current iteration
+								if sel[i+1].Optional() {
+									continue
+								} else {
+									return nil, nil, newResolutionError(fmt.Sprintf("can not iterate over kind: %s", kindString(v)), at)
+								}
+							}
+						} else {
+							// if there are no more iterator segments, append the current value to the result
+							many = append(many, v)
+						}
+					}
+				case datamodel.Kind_Map:
 					it := cur.MapIterator()
 					for !it.Done() {
 						_, v, err := it.Next()
 						if err != nil {
-							// recovered by BuildList
-							// Error is bubbled up, but should never occur as we already checked the type,
-							// and are using the iterator correctly.
-							// This is verified with fuzzing.
-							panic(err)
+							return nil, nil, err
 						}
-						qp.ListEntry(l, qp.Node(v))
-					}
-				})
-				if err != nil {
-					panic("should never happen")
-				}
-				return nd, nil

-			default:
-				return nil, newResolutionError(fmt.Sprintf("can not iterate over kind: %s", kindString(cur)), at)
+						if len(sel) > i+1 && sel[i+1].Iterator() {
+							if v.Kind() == datamodel.Kind_List {
+								var o ipld.Node
+								var m []ipld.Node
+								o, m, err = resolve(sel[i+1:], v, at)
+								if err != nil {
+									if seg.Optional() {
+										continue
+									} else {
+										return nil, nil, err
+									}
+								}
+								if m != nil {
+									many = append(many, m...)
+								} else if o != nil {
+									many = append(many, o)
+								}
+							} else {
+								if sel[i+1].Optional() {
+									continue
+								} else {
+									return nil, nil, newResolutionError(fmt.Sprintf("can not iterate over kind: %s", kindString(v)), at)
+								}
+							}
+						} else {
+							many = append(many, v)
+						}
+					}
+				default:
+					return nil, nil, newResolutionError(fmt.Sprintf("can not iterate over kind: %s", kindString(cur)), at)
+				}
+
+				return nil, many, nil
 			}

 		case seg.Field() != "":
 			at = append(at, seg.Field())
-			switch {
-			case cur == nil:
-				err := newResolutionError(fmt.Sprintf("can not access field: %s on kind: %s", seg.Field(), kindString(cur)), at)
-				return nil, errIfNotOptional(seg, err)
-
-			case cur.Kind() == datamodel.Kind_Map:
-				n, err := cur.LookupByString(seg.Field())
-				if err != nil {
-					// the only possible error is missing field as we already check the type
+			if cur == nil {
+				if seg.Optional() {
+					cur = nil
+				} else {
+					return nil, nil, newResolutionError(fmt.Sprintf("can not access field: %s on kind: %s", seg.Field(), kindString(cur)), at)
+				}
+			} else {
+				switch cur.Kind() {
+				case datamodel.Kind_Map:
+					n, err := cur.LookupByString(seg.Field())
+					if err != nil {
+						if isMissing(err) {
+							if seg.Optional() {
+								cur = nil
+							} else {
+								return nil, nil, newResolutionError(fmt.Sprintf("object has no field named: %s", seg.Field()), at)
+							}
+						} else {
+							return nil, nil, err
+						}
+					} else {
+						cur = n
+					}
+				case datamodel.Kind_List:
+					var many []ipld.Node
+					it := cur.ListIterator()
+					for !it.Done() {
+						_, v, err := it.Next()
+						if err != nil {
+							return nil, nil, err
+						}
+						if v.Kind() == datamodel.Kind_Map {
+							n, err := v.LookupByString(seg.Field())
+							if err == nil {
+								many = append(many, n)
+							}
+						}
+					}
+					if len(many) > 0 {
+						cur = nil
+						return nil, many, nil
+					} else if seg.Optional() {
+						cur = nil
+					} else {
+						return nil, nil, newResolutionError(fmt.Sprintf("no elements in list have field named: %s", seg.Field()), at)
+					}
+				default:
 					if seg.Optional() {
 						cur = nil
 					} else {
-						return nil, newResolutionError(fmt.Sprintf("object has no field named: %s", seg.Field()), at)
+						return nil, nil, newResolutionError(fmt.Sprintf("can not access field: %s on kind: %s", seg.Field(), kindString(cur)), at)
+					}
+				}
+			}
+
+		case seg.Slice() != nil:
+			if cur == nil {
+				if seg.Optional() {
+					cur = nil
+				} else {
+					return nil, nil, newResolutionError(fmt.Sprintf("can not slice on kind: %s", kindString(cur)), at)
+				}
+			} else {
+				slice := seg.Slice()
+				var start, end, length int64
+				switch cur.Kind() {
+				case datamodel.Kind_List:
+					length = cur.Length()
+					start, end = resolveSliceIndices(slice, length)
+				case datamodel.Kind_Bytes:
+					b, _ := cur.AsBytes()
+					length = int64(len(b))
+					start, end = resolveSliceIndices(slice, length)
+				case datamodel.Kind_String:
+					str, _ := cur.AsString()
+					length = int64(len(str))
+					start, end = resolveSliceIndices(slice, length)
+				default:
+					return nil, nil, newResolutionError(fmt.Sprintf("can not slice on kind: %s", kindString(cur)), at)
+				}
+
+				if start < 0 || end < start || end > length {
+					if seg.Optional() {
+						cur = nil
+					} else {
+						return nil, nil, newResolutionError(fmt.Sprintf("slice out of bounds: [%d:%d]", start, end), at)
 					}
 				} else {
-					cur = n
-				}
-
-			default:
-				err := newResolutionError(fmt.Sprintf("can not access field: %s on kind: %s", seg.Field(), kindString(cur)), at)
-				return nil, errIfNotOptional(seg, err)
-			}
-
-		case len(seg.Slice()) > 0:
-			if cur == nil {
-				err := newResolutionError(fmt.Sprintf("can not slice on kind: %s", kindString(cur)), at)
-				return nil, errIfNotOptional(seg, err)
-			}
-
-			slice := seg.Slice()
-
-			switch cur.Kind() {
-			case datamodel.Kind_List:
-				start, end := resolveSliceIndices(slice, cur.Length())
-				sliced, err := qp.BuildList(basicnode.Prototype.Any, end-start, func(l datamodel.ListAssembler) {
-					for i := start; i < end; i++ {
-						item, err := cur.LookupByIndex(i)
-						if err != nil {
-							// recovered by BuildList
-							// Error is bubbled up, but should never occur as we already checked the type and boundaries
-							// This is verified with fuzzing.
-							panic(err)
+					switch cur.Kind() {
+					case datamodel.Kind_List:
+						if end > cur.Length() {
+							end = cur.Length()
 						}
-						qp.ListEntry(l, qp.Node(item))
+						nb := basicnode.Prototype.List.NewBuilder()
+						assembler, _ := nb.BeginList(int64(end - start))
+						for i := start; i < end; i++ {
+							item, _ := cur.LookupByIndex(int64(i))
+							assembler.AssembleValue().AssignNode(item)
+						}
+						assembler.Finish()
+						cur = nb.Build()
+					case datamodel.Kind_Bytes:
+						b, _ := cur.AsBytes()
+						l := int64(len(b))
+						if end > l {
+							end = l
+						}
+						cur = basicnode.NewBytes(b[start:end])
+					case datamodel.Kind_String:
+						str, _ := cur.AsString()
+						l := int64(len(str))
+						if end > l {
+							end = l
+						}
+						cur = basicnode.NewString(str[start:end])
 					}
-				})
-				if err != nil {
-					panic("should never happen")
 				}
-				cur = sliced
-
-			case datamodel.Kind_Bytes:
-				b, _ := cur.AsBytes()
-				start, end := resolveSliceIndices(slice, int64(len(b)))
-				cur = basicnode.NewBytes(b[start:end])
-
-			case datamodel.Kind_String:
-				str, _ := cur.AsString()
-				runes := []rune(str)
-				start, end := resolveSliceIndices(slice, int64(len(runes)))
-				cur = basicnode.NewString(string(runes[start:end]))
-
-			default:
-				return nil, newResolutionError(fmt.Sprintf("can not slice on kind: %s", kindString(cur)), at)
 			}

-		default: // Index()
-			at = append(at, strconv.Itoa(seg.Index()))
-
+		default:
+			at = append(at, fmt.Sprintf("%d", seg.Index()))
 			if cur == nil {
-				err := newResolutionError(fmt.Sprintf("can not access index: %d on kind: %s", seg.Index(), kindString(cur)), at)
-				return nil, errIfNotOptional(seg, err)
-			}
-
-			idx := seg.Index()
-			switch cur.Kind() {
-			case datamodel.Kind_List:
-				if idx < 0 {
-					idx = int(cur.Length()) + idx
+				if seg.Optional() {
+					cur = nil
+				} else {
+					return nil, nil, newResolutionError(fmt.Sprintf("can not access index: %d on kind: %s", seg.Index(), kindString(cur)), at)
 				}
-				if idx < 0 || idx >= int(cur.Length()) {
-					err := newResolutionError(fmt.Sprintf("index out of bounds: %d", seg.Index()), at)
-					return nil, errIfNotOptional(seg, err)
+			} else {
+				idx := seg.Index()
+				switch cur.Kind() {
+				case datamodel.Kind_List:
+					if idx < 0 {
+						idx = int(cur.Length()) + idx
+					}
+					if idx < 0 || idx >= int(cur.Length()) {
+						if seg.Optional() {
+							cur = nil
+						} else {
+							return nil, nil, newResolutionError(fmt.Sprintf("index out of bounds: %d", seg.Index()), at)
+						}
+					} else {
+						cur, _ = cur.LookupByIndex(int64(idx))
+					}
+				case datamodel.Kind_String:
+					str, _ := cur.AsString()
+					if idx < 0 {
+						idx = len(str) + idx
+					}
+					if idx < 0 || idx >= len(str) {
+						if seg.Optional() {
+							cur = nil
+						} else {
+							return nil, nil, newResolutionError(fmt.Sprintf("index out of bounds: %d", seg.Index()), at)
+						}
+					} else {
+						cur = basicnode.NewString(string(str[idx]))
+					}
+				case datamodel.Kind_Bytes:
+					b, _ := cur.AsBytes()
+					if idx < 0 {
+						idx = len(b) + idx
+					}
+					if idx < 0 || idx >= len(b) {
+						if seg.Optional() {
+							cur = nil
+						} else {
+							return nil, nil, newResolutionError(fmt.Sprintf("index out of bounds: %d", seg.Index()), at)
+						}
+					} else {
+						cur = basicnode.NewInt(int64(b[idx]))
+					}
+				default:
+					return nil, nil, newResolutionError(fmt.Sprintf("can not access index: %d on kind: %s", seg.Index(), kindString(cur)), at)
 				}
-				cur, _ = cur.LookupByIndex(int64(idx))
-
-			case datamodel.Kind_Bytes:
-				b, _ := cur.AsBytes()
-				if idx < 0 {
-					idx = len(b) + idx
-				}
-				if idx < 0 || idx >= len(b) {
-					err := newResolutionError(fmt.Sprintf("index %d out of bounds for bytes of length %d", seg.Index(), len(b)), at)
-					return nil, errIfNotOptional(seg, err)
-				}
-				cur = basicnode.NewInt(int64(b[idx]))
-
-			default:
-				return nil, newResolutionError(fmt.Sprintf("can not access index: %d on kind: %s", seg.Index(), kindString(cur)), at)
 			}
 		}
 	}

-	// segment exhausted, we return where we are
-	return cur, nil
+	return cur, nil, nil
 }

 // resolveSliceIndices resolves the start and end indices for slicing a list or byte array.
@@ -253,41 +448,26 @@ func resolve(sel Selector, subject ipld.Node, at []string) (ipld.Node, error) {
 //
 // Returns:
 //   - start: The resolved start index for slicing.
-//   - end: The resolved **excluded** end index for slicing.
-func resolveSliceIndices(slice []int64, length int64) (start int64, end int64) {
-	if len(slice) != 2 {
-		panic("should always be 2-length")
+//   - end: The resolved end index for slicing.
+func resolveSliceIndices(slice []int, length int64) (int64, int64) {
+	start, end := int64(0), length
+	if len(slice) > 0 {
+		start = int64(slice[0])
+		if start < 0 {
+			start = length + start
+			if start < 0 {
+				start = 0
+			}
+		}
 	}
-
-	start, end = slice[0], slice[1]
-
-	// adjust boundaries
-	switch {
-	case slice[0] == math.MinInt:
-		start = 0
-	case slice[0] < 0:
-		start = length + slice[0]
-	}
-	switch {
-	case slice[1] == math.MaxInt:
-		end = length
-	case slice[1] < 0:
-		end = length + slice[1]
-	}
-
-	// backward iteration is not allowed, shortcut to an empty result
-	if start >= end {
-		start, end = 0, 0
-	}
-	// clamp out of bound
-	if start < 0 {
-		start = 0
-	}
-	if start > length {
-		start = length
-	}
-	if end > length {
-		end = length
+	if len(slice) > 1 {
+		end = int64(slice[1])
+		if end <= 0 {
+			end = length + end
+			if end < start {
+				end = start
+			}
+		}
 	}

 	return start, end
@@ -300,6 +480,19 @@ func kindString(n datamodel.Node) string {
 	return n.Kind().String()
 }

+func isMissing(err error) bool {
+	if _, ok := err.(datamodel.ErrNotExists); ok {
+		return true
+	}
+	if _, ok := err.(schema.ErrNoSuchField); ok {
+		return true
+	}
+	if _, ok := err.(schema.ErrInvalidKey); ok {
+		return true
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
 type resolutionerr struct {
 	msg string
 	at  []string
--- a/pkg/policy/selector/selector_test.go
+++ b/pkg/policy/selector/selector_test.go
@@ -1,20 +1,252 @@
 package selector

 import (
-	"errors"
+	"fmt"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"

 	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime"
 	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/codec/dagjson"
-	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/datamodel"
-	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/fluent/qp"
 	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/must"
 	basicnode "github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/node/basic"
 	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/node/bindnode"
+	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/printer"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )

+func TestParse(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("identity", func(t *testing.T) {
+		sel, err := Parse(".")
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, 1, len(sel))
+		require.True(t, sel[0].Identity())
+		require.False(t, sel[0].Optional())
+		require.False(t, sel[0].Iterator())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Slice())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Field())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Index())
+	})
+
+	t.Run("field", func(t *testing.T) {
+		sel, err := Parse(".foo")
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, 1, len(sel))
+		require.False(t, sel[0].Identity())
+		require.False(t, sel[0].Optional())
+		require.False(t, sel[0].Iterator())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Slice())
+		require.Equal(t, sel[0].Field(), "foo")
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Index())
+	})
+
+	t.Run("explicit field", func(t *testing.T) {
+		sel, err := Parse(`.["foo"]`)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, 2, len(sel))
+		require.True(t, sel[0].Identity())
+		require.False(t, sel[0].Optional())
+		require.False(t, sel[0].Iterator())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Slice())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Field())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Index())
+		require.False(t, sel[1].Identity())
+		require.False(t, sel[1].Optional())
+		require.False(t, sel[1].Iterator())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Slice())
+		require.Equal(t, sel[1].Field(), "foo")
+		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Index())
+	})
+
+	t.Run("index", func(t *testing.T) {
+		sel, err := Parse(".[138]")
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, 2, len(sel))
+		require.True(t, sel[0].Identity())
+		require.False(t, sel[0].Optional())
+		require.False(t, sel[0].Iterator())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Slice())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Field())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Index())
+		require.False(t, sel[1].Identity())
+		require.False(t, sel[1].Optional())
+		require.False(t, sel[1].Iterator())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Slice())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Field())
+		require.Equal(t, sel[1].Index(), 138)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("negative index", func(t *testing.T) {
+		sel, err := Parse(".[-138]")
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, 2, len(sel))
+		require.True(t, sel[0].Identity())
+		require.False(t, sel[0].Optional())
+		require.False(t, sel[0].Iterator())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Slice())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Field())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Index())
+		require.False(t, sel[1].Identity())
+		require.False(t, sel[1].Optional())
+		require.False(t, sel[1].Iterator())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Slice())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Field())
+		require.Equal(t, sel[1].Index(), -138)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("iterator", func(t *testing.T) {
+		sel, err := Parse(".[]")
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, 2, len(sel))
+		require.True(t, sel[0].Identity())
+		require.False(t, sel[0].Optional())
+		require.False(t, sel[0].Iterator())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Slice())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Field())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Index())
+		require.False(t, sel[1].Identity())
+		require.False(t, sel[1].Optional())
+		require.True(t, sel[1].Iterator())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Slice())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Field())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Index())
+	})
+
+	t.Run("optional field", func(t *testing.T) {
+		sel, err := Parse(".foo?")
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, 1, len(sel))
+		require.False(t, sel[0].Identity())
+		require.True(t, sel[0].Optional())
+		require.False(t, sel[0].Iterator())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Slice())
+		require.Equal(t, sel[0].Field(), "foo")
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Index())
+	})
+
+	t.Run("optional explicit field", func(t *testing.T) {
+		sel, err := Parse(`.["foo"]?`)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, 2, len(sel))
+		require.True(t, sel[0].Identity())
+		require.False(t, sel[0].Optional())
+		require.False(t, sel[0].Iterator())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Slice())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Field())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Index())
+		require.False(t, sel[1].Identity())
+		require.True(t, sel[1].Optional())
+		require.False(t, sel[1].Iterator())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Slice())
+		require.Equal(t, sel[1].Field(), "foo")
+		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Index())
+	})
+
+	t.Run("optional index", func(t *testing.T) {
+		sel, err := Parse(".[138]?")
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, 2, len(sel))
+		require.True(t, sel[0].Identity())
+		require.False(t, sel[0].Optional())
+		require.False(t, sel[0].Iterator())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Slice())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Field())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Index())
+		require.False(t, sel[1].Identity())
+		require.True(t, sel[1].Optional())
+		require.False(t, sel[1].Iterator())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Slice())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Field())
+		require.Equal(t, sel[1].Index(), 138)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("optional iterator", func(t *testing.T) {
+		sel, err := Parse(".[]?")
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, 2, len(sel))
+		require.True(t, sel[0].Identity())
+		require.False(t, sel[0].Optional())
+		require.False(t, sel[0].Iterator())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Slice())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Field())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Index())
+		require.False(t, sel[1].Identity())
+		require.True(t, sel[1].Optional())
+		require.True(t, sel[1].Iterator())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Slice())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Field())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Index())
+	})
+
+	t.Run("nesting", func(t *testing.T) {
+		str := `.foo.["bar"].[138]?.baz[1:]`
+		sel, err := Parse(str)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		printSegments(sel)
+		require.Equal(t, str, sel.String())
+		require.Equal(t, 7, len(sel))
+		require.False(t, sel[0].Identity())
+		require.False(t, sel[0].Optional())
+		require.False(t, sel[0].Iterator())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Slice())
+		require.Equal(t, sel[0].Field(), "foo")
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Index())
+		require.True(t, sel[1].Identity())
+		require.False(t, sel[1].Optional())
+		require.False(t, sel[1].Iterator())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Slice())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Field())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Index())
+		require.False(t, sel[2].Identity())
+		require.False(t, sel[2].Optional())
+		require.False(t, sel[2].Iterator())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[2].Slice())
+		require.Equal(t, sel[2].Field(), "bar")
+		require.Empty(t, sel[2].Index())
+		require.True(t, sel[3].Identity())
+		require.False(t, sel[3].Optional())
+		require.False(t, sel[3].Iterator())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[3].Slice())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[3].Field())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[3].Index())
+		require.False(t, sel[4].Identity())
+		require.True(t, sel[4].Optional())
+		require.False(t, sel[4].Iterator())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[4].Slice())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[4].Field())
+		require.Equal(t, sel[4].Index(), 138)
+		require.False(t, sel[5].Identity())
+		require.False(t, sel[5].Optional())
+		require.False(t, sel[5].Iterator())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[5].Slice())
+		require.Equal(t, sel[5].Field(), "baz")
+		require.Empty(t, sel[5].Index())
+		require.False(t, sel[6].Identity())
+		require.False(t, sel[6].Optional())
+		require.False(t, sel[6].Iterator())
+		require.Equal(t, sel[6].Slice(), []int{1})
+		require.Empty(t, sel[6].Field())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[6].Index())
+	})
+
+	t.Run("non dotted", func(t *testing.T) {
+		_, err := Parse("foo")
+		require.NotNil(t, err)
+		fmt.Println(err)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("non quoted", func(t *testing.T) {
+		_, err := Parse(".[foo]")
+		require.NotNil(t, err)
+		fmt.Println(err)
+	})
+}
+
+func printSegments(s Selector) {
+	for i, seg := range s {
+		fmt.Printf("%d: %s\n", i, seg.String())
+	}
+}
+
 func TestSelect(t *testing.T) {
 	type name struct {
 		First  string
@@ -81,11 +313,14 @@ func TestSelect(t *testing.T) {
 		sel, err := Parse(".")
 		require.NoError(t, err)

-		res, err := sel.Select(anode)
+		one, many, err := Select(sel, anode)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.NotEmpty(t, res)
+		require.NotEmpty(t, one)
+		require.Empty(t, many)

-		age := must.Int(must.Node(res.LookupByString("age")))
+		fmt.Println(printer.Sprint(one))
+
+		age := must.Int(must.Node(one.LookupByString("age")))
 		require.Equal(t, int64(alice.Age), age)
 	})

@@ -93,18 +328,24 @@ func TestSelect(t *testing.T) {
 		sel, err := Parse(".name.first")
 		require.NoError(t, err)

-		res, err := sel.Select(anode)
+		one, many, err := Select(sel, anode)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.NotEmpty(t, res)
+		require.NotEmpty(t, one)
+		require.Empty(t, many)

-		name := must.String(res)
+		fmt.Println(printer.Sprint(one))
+
+		name := must.String(one)
 		require.Equal(t, alice.Name.First, name)

-		res, err = sel.Select(bnode)
+		one, many, err = Select(sel, bnode)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.NotEmpty(t, res)
+		require.NotEmpty(t, one)
+		require.Empty(t, many)

-		name = must.String(res)
+		fmt.Println(printer.Sprint(one))
+
+		name = must.String(one)
 		require.Equal(t, bob.Name.First, name)
 	})

@@ -112,177 +353,81 @@ func TestSelect(t *testing.T) {
 		sel, err := Parse(".name.middle?")
 		require.NoError(t, err)

-		res, err := sel.Select(anode)
+		one, many, err := Select(sel, anode)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.NotEmpty(t, res)
+		require.NotEmpty(t, one)
+		require.Empty(t, many)

-		name := must.String(res)
+		fmt.Println(printer.Sprint(one))
+
+		name := must.String(one)
 		require.Equal(t, *alice.Name.Middle, name)

-		res, err = sel.Select(bnode)
+		one, many, err = Select(sel, bnode)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.Empty(t, res)
+		require.Empty(t, one)
+		require.Empty(t, many)
 	})

 	t.Run("not exists", func(t *testing.T) {
 		sel, err := Parse(".name.foo")
 		require.NoError(t, err)

-		res, err := sel.Select(anode)
+		one, many, err := Select(sel, anode)
 		require.Error(t, err)
-		require.Empty(t, res)
+		require.Empty(t, one)
+		require.Empty(t, many)

-		require.ErrorAs(t, err, &resolutionerr{}, "error should be a resolution error")
+		fmt.Println(err)
+
+		require.ErrorAs(t, err, &resolutionerr{}, "error was not a resolution error")
 	})

 	t.Run("optional not exists", func(t *testing.T) {
 		sel, err := Parse(".name.foo?")
 		require.NoError(t, err)

-		one, err := sel.Select(anode)
+		one, many, err := Select(sel, anode)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 		require.Empty(t, one)
+		require.Empty(t, many)
 	})

 	t.Run("iterator", func(t *testing.T) {
 		sel, err := Parse(".interests[]")
 		require.NoError(t, err)

-		res, err := sel.Select(anode)
+		one, many, err := Select(sel, anode)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.NotEmpty(t, res)
+		require.Empty(t, one)
+		require.NotEmpty(t, many)

-		iname := must.String(must.Node(must.Node(res.LookupByIndex(0)).LookupByString("name")))
+		for _, n := range many {
+			fmt.Println(printer.Sprint(n))
+		}
+
+		iname := must.String(must.Node(many[0].LookupByString("name")))
 		require.Equal(t, alice.Interests[0].Name, iname)

-		iname = must.String(must.Node(must.Node(res.LookupByIndex(1)).LookupByString("name")))
+		iname = must.String(must.Node(many[1].LookupByString("name")))
 		require.Equal(t, alice.Interests[1].Name, iname)
 	})

-	t.Run("slice on string", func(t *testing.T) {
-		sel, err := Parse(`.[1:3]`)
+	t.Run("map iterator", func(t *testing.T) {
+		sel, err := Parse(".interests[0][]")
 		require.NoError(t, err)

-		node := basicnode.NewString("hello")
-		res, err := sel.Select(node)
+		one, many, err := Select(sel, anode)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.NotEmpty(t, res)
+		require.Empty(t, one)
+		require.NotEmpty(t, many)

-		str, err := res.AsString()
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.Equal(t, "el", str) // assert sliced substring
-	})
+		for _, n := range many {
+			fmt.Println(printer.Sprint(n))
+		}

-	t.Run("out of bounds slicing", func(t *testing.T) {
-		node, err := qp.BuildList(basicnode.Prototype.Any, 3, func(la datamodel.ListAssembler) {
-			qp.ListEntry(la, qp.Int(1))
-			qp.ListEntry(la, qp.Int(2))
-			qp.ListEntry(la, qp.Int(3))
-		})
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-
-		sel, err := Parse(`.[10:20]`)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-
-		res, err := sel.Select(node)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.NotEmpty(t, res)
-		require.Equal(t, int64(0), res.Length())
-
-		_, err = res.LookupByIndex(0)
-		require.ErrorIs(t, err, datamodel.ErrNotExists{}) // assert empty result for out of bounds slice
-	})
-
-	t.Run("backward slicing", func(t *testing.T) {
-		node, err := qp.BuildList(basicnode.Prototype.Any, 3, func(la datamodel.ListAssembler) {
-			qp.ListEntry(la, qp.Int(1))
-			qp.ListEntry(la, qp.Int(2))
-			qp.ListEntry(la, qp.Int(3))
-		})
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-
-		sel, err := Parse(`.[5:2]`)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-
-		res, err := sel.Select(node)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.NotEmpty(t, res)
-		require.Equal(t, int64(0), res.Length())
-
-		_, err = res.LookupByIndex(0)
-		require.ErrorIs(t, err, datamodel.ErrNotExists{}) // assert empty result for backward slice
-	})
-
-	t.Run("slice with negative index", func(t *testing.T) {
-		node, err := qp.BuildList(basicnode.Prototype.Any, 3, func(la datamodel.ListAssembler) {
-			qp.ListEntry(la, qp.Int(1))
-			qp.ListEntry(la, qp.Int(2))
-			qp.ListEntry(la, qp.Int(3))
-		})
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-
-		sel, err := Parse(`.[0:-1]`)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-
-		res, err := sel.Select(node)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.NotEmpty(t, res)
-
-		val, err := res.LookupByIndex(1)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.Equal(t, 2, int(must.Int(val))) // Assert sliced value at index 1
-	})
-
-	t.Run("slice on bytes", func(t *testing.T) {
-		sel, err := Parse(`.[1:3]`)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-
-		node := basicnode.NewBytes([]byte{0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05})
-		res, err := sel.Select(node)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.NotEmpty(t, res)
-
-		bytes, err := res.AsBytes()
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.Equal(t, []byte{0x02, 0x03}, bytes) // assert sliced bytes
-	})
-
-	t.Run("index on bytes", func(t *testing.T) {
-		sel, err := Parse(`.[2]`)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-
-		node := basicnode.NewBytes([]byte{0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05})
-		res, err := sel.Select(node)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.NotEmpty(t, res)
-
-		val, err := res.AsInt()
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.Equal(t, int64(0x03), val) // assert indexed byte value
-	})
-
-	t.Run("out of bounds slicing on bytes", func(t *testing.T) {
-		sel, err := Parse(`.[10:20]`)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-
-		node := basicnode.NewBytes([]byte{0x01, 0x02, 0x03})
-		res, err := sel.Select(node)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.NotNil(t, res)
-
-		bytes, err := res.AsBytes()
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.Empty(t, bytes) // assert empty result for out of bounds slice
-	})
-
-	t.Run("out of bounds indexing on bytes", func(t *testing.T) {
-		sel, err := Parse(`.[10]`)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-
-		node := basicnode.NewBytes([]byte{0x01, 0x02, 0x03})
-		_, err = sel.Select(node)
-		require.Error(t, err)
-		require.Contains(t, err.Error(), "can not resolve path: .10") // assert error for out of bounds index
+		require.Equal(t, alice.Interests[0].Name, must.String(many[0]))
+		require.Equal(t, alice.Interests[0].Experience, int(must.Int(many[2])))
 	})
 }

@@ -349,10 +494,6 @@ func FuzzParseAndSelect(f *testing.F) {
 		}

 		// look for panic()
-		_, err = sel.Select(node)
-		if err != nil && !errors.As(err, &resolutionerr{}) {
-			// not normal, we should only have resolution errors
-			t.Fatal(err)
-		}
+		_, _, _ = Select(sel, node)
 	})
 }
--- a/pkg/policy/selector/supported_test.go
+++ b/pkg/policy/selector/supported_test.go
@@ -1,12 +1,15 @@
 package selector_test

 import (
+	"bytes"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"

 	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime"
 	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/codec/dagjson"
+	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/datamodel"
 	basicnode "github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/node/basic"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"

 	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/pkg/policy/selector"
@@ -23,15 +26,17 @@ func TestSupportedForms(t *testing.T) {
 		Output   string
 	}

-	// Pass and return a node
+	// Pass
 	for _, testcase := range []Testcase{
 		{Name: "Identity", Selector: `.`, Input: `{"x":1}`, Output: `{"x":1}`},
 		{Name: "Iterator", Selector: `.[]`, Input: `[1, 2]`, Output: `[1, 2]`},
 		{Name: "Optional Null Iterator", Selector: `.[]?`, Input: `null`, Output: `[]`},
+		{Name: "Optional Iterator", Selector: `.[][]?`, Input: `[[1], 2, [3]]`, Output: `[1, 3]`},
 		{Name: "Object Key", Selector: `.x`, Input: `{"x": 1 }`, Output: `1`},
 		{Name: "Quoted Key", Selector: `.["x"]`, Input: `{"x": 1}`, Output: `1`},
 		{Name: "Index", Selector: `.[0]`, Input: `[1, 2]`, Output: `1`},
 		{Name: "Negative Index", Selector: `.[-1]`, Input: `[1, 2]`, Output: `2`},
+		{Name: "String Index", Selector: `.[0]`, Input: `"Hi"`, Output: `"H"`},
 		{Name: "Bytes Index", Selector: `.[0]`, Input: `{"/":{"bytes":"AAE"}}`, Output: `0`},
 		{Name: "Array Slice", Selector: `.[0:2]`, Input: `[0, 1, 2]`, Output: `[0, 1]`},
 		{Name: "Array Slice", Selector: `.[1:]`, Input: `[0, 1, 2]`, Output: `[1, 2]`},
@@ -47,16 +52,35 @@ func TestSupportedForms(t *testing.T) {
 			require.NoError(t, err)

 			// attempt to select
-			res, err := sel.Select(makeNode(t, tc.Input))
+			node, nodes, err := selector.Select(sel, makeNode(t, tc.Input))
 			require.NoError(t, err)
-			require.NotNil(t, res)
+			require.NotEqual(t, node != nil, len(nodes) > 0) // XOR (only one of node or nodes should be set)
+
+			// make an IPLD List node from a []datamodel.Node
+			if node == nil {
+				nb := basicnode.Prototype.List.NewBuilder()
+				la, err := nb.BeginList(int64(len(nodes)))
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+
+				for _, n := range nodes {
+					// TODO: This code is probably not needed if the Select operation properly prunes nil values - e.g.: Optional Iterator
+					if n == nil {
+						n = datamodel.Null
+					}
+
+					require.NoError(t, la.AssembleValue().AssignNode(n))
+				}
+				require.NoError(t, la.Finish())
+
+				node = nb.Build()
+			}

 			exp := makeNode(t, tc.Output)
-			require.True(t, ipld.DeepEqual(exp, res))
+			equalIPLD(t, exp, node)
 		})
 	}

-	// No error and return null, as optional
+	// null
 	for _, testcase := range []Testcase{
 		{Name: "Optional Missing Key", Selector: `.x?`, Input: `{}`},
 		{Name: "Optional Null Key", Selector: `.x?`, Input: `null`},
@@ -73,15 +97,19 @@ func TestSupportedForms(t *testing.T) {
 			require.NoError(t, err)

 			// attempt to select
-			res, err := sel.Select(makeNode(t, tc.Input))
+			node, nodes, err := selector.Select(sel, makeNode(t, tc.Input))
 			require.NoError(t, err)
-			require.Nil(t, res)
+			// TODO: should Select return a single node which is sometimes a list or null?
+			// require.Equal(t, datamodel.Null, node)
+			assert.Nil(t, node)
+			assert.Empty(t, nodes)
 		})
 	}

-	// fail to select and return an error
+	// error
 	for _, testcase := range []Testcase{
 		{Name: "Null Iterator", Selector: `.[]`, Input: `null`},
+		{Name: "Nested Iterator", Selector: `.[][]`, Input: `[[1], 2, [3]]`},
 		{Name: "Missing Key", Selector: `.x`, Input: `{}`},
 		{Name: "Null Key", Selector: `.x`, Input: `null`},
 		{Name: "Array Key", Selector: `.x`, Input: `[]`},
@@ -96,13 +124,31 @@ func TestSupportedForms(t *testing.T) {
 			require.NoError(t, err)

 			// attempt to select
-			res, err := sel.Select(makeNode(t, tc.Input))
+			node, nodes, err := selector.Select(sel, makeNode(t, tc.Input))
 			require.Error(t, err)
-			require.Nil(t, res)
+			assert.Nil(t, node)
+			assert.Empty(t, nodes)
 		})
 	}
 }

+func equalIPLD(t *testing.T, expected datamodel.Node, actual datamodel.Node) bool {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	exp, act := &bytes.Buffer{}, &bytes.Buffer{}
+	if err := dagjson.Encode(expected, exp); err != nil {
+		return assert.Fail(t, "Failed to encode json for expected IPLD node")
+	}
+
+	if err := dagjson.Encode(actual, act); err != nil {
+		return assert.Fail(t, "Failed to encode JSON for actual IPLD node")
+	}
+
+	require.JSONEq(t, exp.String(), act.String())
+
+	return true
+}
+
 func makeNode(t *testing.T, dagJsonInput string) ipld.Node {
 	t.Helper()

--- a/token/delegation/delegation_test.go
+++ b/token/delegation/delegation_test.go
@@ -1,209 +0,0 @@
-package delegation_test
-
-import (
-	"encoding/base64"
-	"testing"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
-	"gotest.tools/v3/golden"
-
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/did/didtest"
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/pkg/command"
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/pkg/policy"
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/token/delegation"
-)
-
-const (
-	nonce = "6roDhGi0kiNriQAz7J3d+bOeoI/tj8ENikmQNbtjnD0"
-
-	subJectCmd = "/foo/bar"
-	subjectPol = `
-[
-	[
-		"==",
-		".status",
-		"draft"
-	],
-	[
-		"all",
-		".reviewer",
-		[
-			"like",
-			".email",
-			"*@example.com"
-		]
-	],
-	[
-		"any",
-		".tags",
-		[
-			"or",
-			[
-				[
-					"==",
-					".",
-					"news"
-				],
-				[
-					"==",
-					".",
-					"press"
-				]
-			]
-		]
-	]
-]
-`
-
-	newCID  = "zdpuAwa4qv3ncMDPeDoqVxjZy3JoyWsbqUzm94rdA1AvRFkkw"
-	rootCID = "zdpuAkgGmUp5JrXvehGuuw9JA8DLQKDaxtK3R8brDQQVC2i5X"
-
-	aesKey = "xQklMmNTnVrmaPBq/0pwV5fEwuv/iClF5HWak9MsgI8="
-)
-
-func TestConstructors(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	cmd, err := command.Parse(subJectCmd)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	pol, err := policy.FromDagJson(subjectPol)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	exp, err := time.Parse(time.RFC3339, "2200-01-01T00:00:00Z")
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	t.Run("New", func(t *testing.T) {
-		tkn, err := delegation.New(didtest.PersonaAlice.DID(), didtest.PersonaBob.DID(), cmd, pol,
-			delegation.WithNonce([]byte(nonce)),
-			delegation.WithSubject(didtest.PersonaAlice.DID()),
-			delegation.WithExpiration(exp),
-			delegation.WithMeta("foo", "fooo"),
-			delegation.WithMeta("bar", "barr"),
-		)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-
-		data, err := tkn.ToDagJson(didtest.PersonaAlice.PrivKey())
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-
-		golden.Assert(t, string(data), "new.dagjson")
-	})
-
-	t.Run("Root", func(t *testing.T) {
-		t.Parallel()
-
-		tkn, err := delegation.Root(didtest.PersonaAlice.DID(), didtest.PersonaBob.DID(), cmd, pol,
-			delegation.WithNonce([]byte(nonce)),
-			delegation.WithExpiration(exp),
-			delegation.WithMeta("foo", "fooo"),
-			delegation.WithMeta("bar", "barr"),
-		)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-
-		data, err := tkn.ToDagJson(didtest.PersonaAlice.PrivKey())
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-
-		golden.Assert(t, string(data), "root.dagjson")
-	})
-}
-
-func TestEncryptedMeta(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	cmd, err := command.Parse(subJectCmd)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	pol, err := policy.FromDagJson(subjectPol)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	encryptionKey, err := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(aesKey)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.Len(t, encryptionKey, 32)
-
-	tests := []struct {
-		name        string
-		key         string
-		value       string
-		expectError bool
-	}{
-		{
-			name:  "simple string",
-			key:   "secret1",
-			value: "hello world",
-		},
-		{
-			name:  "empty string",
-			key:   "secret2",
-			value: "",
-		},
-		{
-			name:  "special characters",
-			key:   "secret3",
-			value: "!@#$%^&*()_+-=[]{}|;:,.<>?",
-		},
-		{
-			name:  "unicode characters",
-			key:   "secret4",
-			value: "Hello, 世界! 👋",
-		},
-	}
-
-	for _, tt := range tests {
-		tt := tt
-		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			t.Parallel()
-
-			tkn, err := delegation.New(didtest.PersonaAlice.DID(), didtest.PersonaBob.DID(), cmd, pol,
-				delegation.WithEncryptedMetaString(tt.key, tt.value, encryptionKey),
-			)
-			require.NoError(t, err)
-
-			data, err := tkn.ToDagCbor(didtest.PersonaAlice.PrivKey())
-			require.NoError(t, err)
-
-			decodedTkn, _, err := delegation.FromSealed(data)
-			require.NoError(t, err)
-
-			_, err = decodedTkn.Meta().GetString(tt.key)
-			require.Error(t, err)
-
-			decrypted, err := decodedTkn.Meta().GetEncryptedString(tt.key, encryptionKey)
-			require.NoError(t, err)
-			// Verify the decrypted value is equal to the original
-			require.Equal(t, tt.value, decrypted)
-
-			// Try to decrypt with wrong key
-			wrongKey := make([]byte, 32)
-			_, err = decodedTkn.Meta().GetEncryptedString(tt.key, wrongKey)
-			require.Error(t, err)
-		})
-	}
-
-	t.Run("multiple encrypted values in the same token", func(t *testing.T) {
-		values := map[string]string{
-			"secret1": "value1",
-			"secret2": "value2",
-			"secret3": "value3",
-		}
-		var opts []delegation.Option
-		for k, v := range values {
-			opts = append(opts, delegation.WithEncryptedMetaString(k, v, encryptionKey))
-		}
-
-		// Create token with multiple encrypted values
-		tkn, err := delegation.New(didtest.PersonaAlice.DID(), didtest.PersonaBob.DID(), cmd, pol, opts...)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-
-		data, err := tkn.ToDagCbor(didtest.PersonaAlice.PrivKey())
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-
-		decodedTkn, _, err := delegation.FromSealed(data)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-
-		for k, v := range values {
-			decrypted, err := decodedTkn.Meta().GetEncryptedString(k, encryptionKey)
-			require.NoError(t, err)
-			require.Equal(t, v, decrypted)
-		}
-	})
-}
--- a/token/delegation/delegationtest/README.md
+++ b/token/delegation/delegationtest/README.md
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-# delegationtest
-
-See the package documentation for instructions on how to use the generated
-tokens as well as information on how to regenerate the code if changes have
-been made.
--- a/token/delegation/delegationtest/data/TokenAliceBob.dagcbor
+++ b/token/delegation/delegationtest/data/TokenAliceBob.dagcbor
--- a/token/delegation/delegationtest/data/TokenBobCarol.dagcbor
+++ b/token/delegation/delegationtest/data/TokenBobCarol.dagcbor
--- a/token/delegation/delegationtest/data/TokenCarolDan.dagcbor
+++ b/token/delegation/delegationtest/data/TokenCarolDan.dagcbor
--- a/token/delegation/delegationtest/data/TokenCarolDan_InvalidExpandedCommand.dagcbor
+++ b/token/delegation/delegationtest/data/TokenCarolDan_InvalidExpandedCommand.dagcbor
--- a/token/delegation/delegationtest/data/TokenCarolDan_InvalidExpired.dagcbor
+++ b/token/delegation/delegationtest/data/TokenCarolDan_InvalidExpired.dagcbor
--- a/token/delegation/delegationtest/data/TokenCarolDan_InvalidInactive.dagcbor
+++ b/token/delegation/delegationtest/data/TokenCarolDan_InvalidInactive.dagcbor
--- a/token/delegation/delegationtest/data/TokenCarolDan_InvalidSubject.dagcbor
+++ b/token/delegation/delegationtest/data/TokenCarolDan_InvalidSubject.dagcbor
--- a/token/delegation/delegationtest/data/TokenCarolDan_ValidAttenuatedCommand.dagcbor
+++ b/token/delegation/delegationtest/data/TokenCarolDan_ValidAttenuatedCommand.dagcbor
--- a/token/delegation/delegationtest/data/TokenDanErin.dagcbor
+++ b/token/delegation/delegationtest/data/TokenDanErin.dagcbor
--- a/token/delegation/delegationtest/data/TokenDanErin_InvalidExpandedCommand.dagcbor
+++ b/token/delegation/delegationtest/data/TokenDanErin_InvalidExpandedCommand.dagcbor
--- a/token/delegation/delegationtest/data/TokenDanErin_InvalidExpired.dagcbor
+++ b/token/delegation/delegationtest/data/TokenDanErin_InvalidExpired.dagcbor
--- a/token/delegation/delegationtest/data/TokenDanErin_InvalidInactive.dagcbor
+++ b/token/delegation/delegationtest/data/TokenDanErin_InvalidInactive.dagcbor
--- a/token/delegation/delegationtest/data/TokenDanErin_InvalidSubject.dagcbor
+++ b/token/delegation/delegationtest/data/TokenDanErin_InvalidSubject.dagcbor
--- a/token/delegation/delegationtest/data/TokenDanErin_ValidAttenuatedCommand.dagcbor
+++ b/token/delegation/delegationtest/data/TokenDanErin_ValidAttenuatedCommand.dagcbor
--- a/token/delegation/delegationtest/data/TokenErinFrank.dagcbor
+++ b/token/delegation/delegationtest/data/TokenErinFrank.dagcbor
--- a/token/delegation/delegationtest/data/TokenErinFrank_InvalidExpandedCommand.dagcbor
+++ b/token/delegation/delegationtest/data/TokenErinFrank_InvalidExpandedCommand.dagcbor
--- a/token/delegation/delegationtest/data/TokenErinFrank_InvalidExpired.dagcbor
+++ b/token/delegation/delegationtest/data/TokenErinFrank_InvalidExpired.dagcbor
--- a/token/delegation/delegationtest/data/TokenErinFrank_InvalidInactive.dagcbor
+++ b/token/delegation/delegationtest/data/TokenErinFrank_InvalidInactive.dagcbor
--- a/token/delegation/delegationtest/data/TokenErinFrank_InvalidSubject.dagcbor
+++ b/token/delegation/delegationtest/data/TokenErinFrank_InvalidSubject.dagcbor
--- a/token/delegation/delegationtest/data/TokenErinFrank_ValidAttenuatedCommand.dagcbor
+++ b/token/delegation/delegationtest/data/TokenErinFrank_ValidAttenuatedCommand.dagcbor
--- a/token/delegation/delegationtest/doc.go
+++ b/token/delegation/delegationtest/doc.go
@@ -1,33 +0,0 @@
-// Package delegationtest provides a set of pre-built delegation tokens
-// for a variety of test cases.
-//
-// For all delegation tokens, the name of the delegation token is the
-// Issuer appended with the Audience.  The tokens are generated so that
-// an invocation can be created for any didtest.Persona.
-//
-// Delegation proof-chain names contain each didtest.Persona name in
-// order starting with the root delegation (which will always be generated
-// by Alice). This is the opposite of the list of cic.Cids that represent the
-// proof chain.
-//
-// For both the generated delegation tokens granted to Carol's Persona and
-// the proof chains containing Carol's delegations to Dan, if there is no
-// suffix, the proof chain will be deemed valid.  If there is a suffix, it
-// will consist of either the word "Valid" or "Invalid" and the name of the
-// field that has been altered. Only optional fields will generate proof
-// chains with Valid suffixes.
-//
-// If changes are made to the list of Personas included in the chain, or
-// in the variants that are specified, the generated Go file and delegation
-// tokens stored in the data/ directory should be regenerated by running
-// the following command in this directory:
-//
-//	cd generator && go run .
-//
-// Generated delegation Tokens are stored in the data/ directory and loaded
-// into the delegation.Loader.
-// Generated references to these tokens and the tokens themselves are
-// created in the token_gen.go file. See /token/invocation/invocation_test.go
-// for an example of how these delegation tokens and proof-chains can
-// be used during testing.
-package delegationtest
--- a/token/delegation/delegationtest/generator/generator.go
+++ b/token/delegation/delegationtest/generator/generator.go
@@ -1,234 +0,0 @@
-package main
-
-import (
-	"os"
-	"path/filepath"
-	"slices"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/dave/jennifer/jen"
-	"github.com/ipfs/go-cid"
-	"github.com/libp2p/go-libp2p/core/crypto"
-
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/did"
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/did/didtest"
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/pkg/command"
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/pkg/policy"
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/token/delegation"
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/token/delegation/delegationtest"
-)
-
-const (
-	tokenNamePrefix      = "Token"
-	proorChainNamePrefix = "Proof"
-	tokenExt             = ".dagcbor"
-)
-
-var constantNonce = []byte{0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, 0x08, 0x09, 0x0a, 0x0b}
-
-type newDelegationParams struct {
-	privKey crypto.PrivKey
-	aud     did.DID
-	sub     did.DID
-	cmd     command.Command
-	pol     policy.Policy
-	opts    []delegation.Option
-}
-
-type token struct {
-	name string
-	id   cid.Cid
-}
-
-type proof struct {
-	name string
-	prf  []cid.Cid
-}
-
-type acc struct {
-	name  string
-	chain []cid.Cid
-}
-
-type variant struct {
-	name    string
-	variant func(*newDelegationParams)
-}
-
-func noopVariant() variant {
-	return variant{
-		name:    "",
-		variant: func(_ *newDelegationParams) {},
-	}
-}
-
-type generator struct {
-	dlgs   []token
-	chains []proof
-}
-
-func (g *generator) chainPersonas(personas []didtest.Persona, acc acc, vari variant) error {
-	acc.name += personas[0].Name()
-
-	proofName := acc.name
-	if len(vari.name) > 0 {
-		proofName += "_" + vari.name
-	}
-	g.createProofChain(proofName, acc.chain)
-
-	if len(personas) < 2 {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	name := personas[0].Name() + personas[1].Name()
-
-	params := newDelegationParams{
-		privKey: personas[0].PrivKey(),
-		aud:     personas[1].DID(),
-		cmd:     delegationtest.NominalCommand,
-		pol:     policy.Policy{},
-		opts: []delegation.Option{
-			delegation.WithSubject(didtest.PersonaAlice.DID()),
-			delegation.WithNonce(constantNonce),
-		},
-	}
-
-	// Create each nominal token and continue the chain
-	id, err := g.createDelegation(params, name, vari)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	acc.chain = append(acc.chain, id)
-	err = g.chainPersonas(personas[1:], acc, vari)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	// If the user is Carol, create variants for each invalid and/or optional
-	// parameter and also continue the chain
-	if personas[0] == didtest.PersonaCarol {
-		variants := []variant{
-			{name: "InvalidExpandedCommand", variant: func(p *newDelegationParams) {
-				p.cmd = delegationtest.ExpandedCommand
-			}},
-			{name: "ValidAttenuatedCommand", variant: func(p *newDelegationParams) {
-				p.cmd = delegationtest.AttenuatedCommand
-			}},
-			{name: "InvalidSubject", variant: func(p *newDelegationParams) {
-				p.opts = append(p.opts, delegation.WithSubject(didtest.PersonaBob.DID()))
-			}},
-			{name: "InvalidExpired", variant: func(p *newDelegationParams) {
-				// Note: this makes the generator not deterministic
-				p.opts = append(p.opts, delegation.WithExpiration(time.Now().Add(time.Second)))
-			}},
-			{name: "InvalidInactive", variant: func(p *newDelegationParams) {
-				nbf, err := time.Parse(time.RFC3339, "2070-01-01T00:00:00Z")
-				if err != nil {
-					panic(err)
-				}
-				p.opts = append(p.opts, delegation.WithNotBefore(nbf))
-			}},
-		}
-
-		// Start a branch in the recursion for each of the variants
-		for _, v := range variants {
-			id, err := g.createDelegation(params, name, v)
-			if err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-
-			// replace the previous Carol token id with the one from the variant
-			acc.chain[len(acc.chain)-1] = id
-			err = g.chainPersonas(personas[1:], acc, v)
-			if err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (g *generator) createDelegation(params newDelegationParams, name string, vari variant) (cid.Cid, error) {
-	vari.variant(&params)
-
-	issDID, err := did.FromPrivKey(params.privKey)
-	if err != nil {
-		return cid.Undef, err
-	}
-
-	tkn, err := delegation.New(issDID, params.aud, params.cmd, params.pol, params.opts...)
-	if err != nil {
-		return cid.Undef, err
-	}
-
-	data, id, err := tkn.ToSealed(params.privKey)
-	if err != nil {
-		return cid.Undef, err
-	}
-
-	dlgName := tokenNamePrefix + name
-	if len(vari.name) > 0 {
-		dlgName += "_" + vari.name
-	}
-
-	err = os.WriteFile(filepath.Join("..", delegationtest.TokenDir, dlgName+tokenExt), data, 0o644)
-	if err != nil {
-		return cid.Undef, err
-	}
-
-	g.dlgs = append(g.dlgs, token{
-		name: dlgName,
-		id:   id,
-	})
-
-	return id, nil
-}
-
-func (g *generator) createProofChain(name string, prf []cid.Cid) {
-	if len(prf) < 1 {
-		return
-	}
-
-	clone := make([]cid.Cid, len(prf))
-	copy(clone, prf)
-
-	g.chains = append(g.chains, proof{
-		name: proorChainNamePrefix + name,
-		prf:  clone,
-	})
-}
-
-func (g *generator) writeGoFile() error {
-	file := jen.NewFile("delegationtest")
-	file.HeaderComment("Code generated by delegationtest - DO NOT EDIT.")
-
-	refs := map[cid.Cid]string{}
-
-	for _, d := range g.dlgs {
-		refs[d.id] = d.name + "CID"
-
-		file.Var().Defs(
-			jen.Id(d.name+"CID").Op("=").Qual("github.com/ipfs/go-cid", "MustParse").Call(jen.Lit(d.id.String())),
-			jen.Id(d.name).Op("=").Id("mustGetDelegation").Call(jen.Id(d.name+"CID")),
-		)
-		file.Line()
-	}
-
-	for _, c := range g.chains {
-		g := jen.CustomFunc(jen.Options{
-			Multi:     true,
-			Separator: ",",
-			Close:     "\n",
-		}, func(g *jen.Group) {
-			slices.Reverse(c.prf)
-			for _, p := range c.prf {
-				g.Id(refs[p])
-			}
-		})
-
-		file.Var().Id(c.name).Op("=").Index().Qual("github.com/ipfs/go-cid", "Cid").Values(g)
-		file.Line()
-	}
-
-	return file.Save("../token_gen.go")
-}
--- a/token/delegation/delegationtest/generator/main.go
+++ b/token/delegation/delegationtest/generator/main.go
@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-package main
-
-import (
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/did/didtest"
-)
-
-func main() {
-	gen := &generator{}
-	err := gen.chainPersonas(didtest.Personas(), acc{}, noopVariant())
-	if err != nil {
-		panic(err)
-	}
-	err = gen.writeGoFile()
-	if err != nil {
-		panic(err)
-	}
-}
--- a/token/delegation/delegationtest/token.go
+++ b/token/delegation/delegationtest/token.go
@@ -1,112 +0,0 @@
-package delegationtest
-
-import (
-	"embed"
-	"path/filepath"
-	"sync"
-
-	"github.com/ipfs/go-cid"
-
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/pkg/command"
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/token/delegation"
-)
-
-var (
-	// ExpandedCommand is the parent of the NominalCommand and represents
-	// the cases where the delegation proof-chain or invocation token tries
-	// to increase the privileges granted by the root delegation token.
-	// Execution of this command is generally prohibited in tests.
-	ExpandedCommand = command.MustParse("/expanded")
-
-	// NominalCommand is the command used for most test tokens and proof-
-	// chains.  Execution of this command is generally allowed in tests.
-	NominalCommand = ExpandedCommand.Join("nominal")
-
-	// AttenuatedCommand is a sub-command of the NominalCommand.  Execution
-	// of this command is generally allowed in tests.
-	AttenuatedCommand = NominalCommand.Join("attenuated")
-)
-
-// ProofEmpty provides an empty proof chain for testing purposes.
-var ProofEmpty = []cid.Cid{}
-
-const TokenDir = "data"
-
-//go:embed data
-var fs embed.FS
-
-var _ delegation.Loader = (*delegationLoader)(nil)
-
-type delegationLoader struct {
-	tokens map[cid.Cid]*delegation.Token
-}
-
-var (
-	once sync.Once
-	ldr  delegation.Loader
-)
-
-// GetDelegationLoader returns a singleton instance of a test
-// DelegationLoader containing all the tokens present in the data/
-// directory.
-func GetDelegationLoader() delegation.Loader {
-	once.Do(func() {
-		var err error
-		ldr, err = loadDelegations()
-		if err != nil {
-			panic(err)
-		}
-	})
-	return ldr
-}
-
-// GetDelegation implements invocation.DelegationLoader.
-func (l *delegationLoader) GetDelegation(id cid.Cid) (*delegation.Token, error) {
-	tkn, ok := l.tokens[id]
-	if !ok {
-		return nil, delegation.ErrDelegationNotFound
-	}
-
-	return tkn, nil
-}
-
-func loadDelegations() (delegation.Loader, error) {
-	dirEntries, err := fs.ReadDir(TokenDir)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	tkns := make(map[cid.Cid]*delegation.Token, len(dirEntries))
-
-	for _, dirEntry := range dirEntries {
-		data, err := fs.ReadFile(filepath.Join(TokenDir, dirEntry.Name()))
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-
-		tkn, id, err := delegation.FromSealed(data)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-
-		tkns[id] = tkn
-	}
-
-	return &delegationLoader{
-		tokens: tkns,
-	}, nil
-}
-
-// GetDelegation is a shortcut that gets (or creates) the DelegationLoader
-// and attempts to return the token referenced by the provided CID.
-func GetDelegation(id cid.Cid) (*delegation.Token, error) {
-	return GetDelegationLoader().GetDelegation(id)
-}
-
-func mustGetDelegation(id cid.Cid) *delegation.Token {
-	tkn, err := GetDelegation(id)
-	if err != nil {
-		panic(err)
-	}
-	return tkn
-}
--- a/token/delegation/delegationtest/token_gen.go
+++ b/token/delegation/delegationtest/token_gen.go
@@ -1,240 +0,0 @@
-// Code generated by delegationtest - DO NOT EDIT.
-
-package delegationtest
-
-import gocid "github.com/ipfs/go-cid"
-
-var (
-	TokenAliceBobCID = gocid.MustParse("bafyreicidrwvmac5lvjypucgityrtjsknojraio7ujjli4r5eyby66wjzm")
-	TokenAliceBob    = mustGetDelegation(TokenAliceBobCID)
-)
-
-var (
-	TokenBobCarolCID = gocid.MustParse("bafyreihxv2uhq43oxllzs2xfvxst7wtvvvl7pohb2chcz6hjvfv2ntea5u")
-	TokenBobCarol    = mustGetDelegation(TokenBobCarolCID)
-)
-
-var (
-	TokenCarolDanCID = gocid.MustParse("bafyreihclsgiroazq3heqdswvj2cafwqbpboicq7immo65scl7ahktpsdq")
-	TokenCarolDan    = mustGetDelegation(TokenCarolDanCID)
-)
-
-var (
-	TokenDanErinCID = gocid.MustParse("bafyreicja6ihewy64p3ake56xukotafjlkh4uqep2qhj52en46zzfwby3e")
-	TokenDanErin    = mustGetDelegation(TokenDanErinCID)
-)
-
-var (
-	TokenErinFrankCID = gocid.MustParse("bafyreicjlx3lobxm6hl5s4htd4ydwkkqeiou6rft4rnvulfdyoew565vka")
-	TokenErinFrank    = mustGetDelegation(TokenErinFrankCID)
-)
-
-var (
-	TokenCarolDan_InvalidExpandedCommandCID = gocid.MustParse("bafyreid3m3pk53gqgp5rlzqhvpedbwsqbidqlp4yz64vknwbzj7bxrmsr4")
-	TokenCarolDan_InvalidExpandedCommand    = mustGetDelegation(TokenCarolDan_InvalidExpandedCommandCID)
-)
-
-var (
-	TokenDanErin_InvalidExpandedCommandCID = gocid.MustParse("bafyreifn4sy5onwajx3kqvot5mib6m6xarzrqjozqbzgmzpmc5ox3g2uzm")
-	TokenDanErin_InvalidExpandedCommand    = mustGetDelegation(TokenDanErin_InvalidExpandedCommandCID)
-)
-
-var (
-	TokenErinFrank_InvalidExpandedCommandCID = gocid.MustParse("bafyreidmpgd36jznmq42bs34o4qi3fcbrsh4idkg6ejahudejzwb76fwxe")
-	TokenErinFrank_InvalidExpandedCommand    = mustGetDelegation(TokenErinFrank_InvalidExpandedCommandCID)
-)
-
-var (
-	TokenCarolDan_ValidAttenuatedCommandCID = gocid.MustParse("bafyreiekhtm237vyapk3c6voeb5lnz54crebqdqi3x4wn4u4cbrrhzsqfe")
-	TokenCarolDan_ValidAttenuatedCommand    = mustGetDelegation(TokenCarolDan_ValidAttenuatedCommandCID)
-)
-
-var (
-	TokenDanErin_ValidAttenuatedCommandCID = gocid.MustParse("bafyreicrvzqferyy7rgo75l5rn6r2nl7zyeexxjmu3dm4ff7rn2coblj4y")
-	TokenDanErin_ValidAttenuatedCommand    = mustGetDelegation(TokenDanErin_ValidAttenuatedCommandCID)
-)
-
-var (
-	TokenErinFrank_ValidAttenuatedCommandCID = gocid.MustParse("bafyreie6fhspk53kplcc2phla3e7z7fzldlbmmpuwk6nbow5q6s2zjmw2q")
-	TokenErinFrank_ValidAttenuatedCommand    = mustGetDelegation(TokenErinFrank_ValidAttenuatedCommandCID)
-)
-
-var (
-	TokenCarolDan_InvalidSubjectCID = gocid.MustParse("bafyreifgksz6756if42tnc6rqsnbaa2u3fdrveo7ek44lnj2d64d5sw26u")
-	TokenCarolDan_InvalidSubject    = mustGetDelegation(TokenCarolDan_InvalidSubjectCID)
-)
-
-var (
-	TokenDanErin_InvalidSubjectCID = gocid.MustParse("bafyreibdwew5nypsxrm4fq73wu6hw3lgwwiolj3bi33xdrbgcf3ogm6fty")
-	TokenDanErin_InvalidSubject    = mustGetDelegation(TokenDanErin_InvalidSubjectCID)
-)
-
-var (
-	TokenErinFrank_InvalidSubjectCID = gocid.MustParse("bafyreicr364mj3n7x4iyhcksxypelktcqkkw3ptg7ggxtqegw3p3mr6zc4")
-	TokenErinFrank_InvalidSubject    = mustGetDelegation(TokenErinFrank_InvalidSubjectCID)
-)
-
-var (
-	TokenCarolDan_InvalidExpiredCID = gocid.MustParse("bafyreigenypixaxvhzlry5rjnywvjyl4xvzlzxz2ui74uzys7qdhos4bbu")
-	TokenCarolDan_InvalidExpired    = mustGetDelegation(TokenCarolDan_InvalidExpiredCID)
-)
-
-var (
-	TokenDanErin_InvalidExpiredCID = gocid.MustParse("bafyreifvnfb7zqocpdysedcvjkb4y7tqfuziuqjhbbdoay4zg33pwpbzqi")
-	TokenDanErin_InvalidExpired    = mustGetDelegation(TokenDanErin_InvalidExpiredCID)
-)
-
-var (
-	TokenErinFrank_InvalidExpiredCID = gocid.MustParse("bafyreicvydzt3obkqx7krmoi3zu4tlirlksibxfks5jc7vlvjxjamv2764")
-	TokenErinFrank_InvalidExpired    = mustGetDelegation(TokenErinFrank_InvalidExpiredCID)
-)
-
-var (
-	TokenCarolDan_InvalidInactiveCID = gocid.MustParse("bafyreicea5y2nvlitvxijkupeavtg23i7ktjk3uejnaquguurzptiabk4u")
-	TokenCarolDan_InvalidInactive    = mustGetDelegation(TokenCarolDan_InvalidInactiveCID)
-)
-
-var (
-	TokenDanErin_InvalidInactiveCID = gocid.MustParse("bafyreifsgqzkmxj2vexuts3z766mwcjreiisjg2jykyzf7tbj5sclutpvq")
-	TokenDanErin_InvalidInactive    = mustGetDelegation(TokenDanErin_InvalidInactiveCID)
-)
-
-var (
-	TokenErinFrank_InvalidInactiveCID = gocid.MustParse("bafyreifbfegon24c6dndiqyktahzs65vhyasrygbw7nhsvojn6distsdre")
-	TokenErinFrank_InvalidInactive    = mustGetDelegation(TokenErinFrank_InvalidInactiveCID)
-)
-
-var ProofAliceBob = []gocid.Cid{
-	TokenAliceBobCID,
-}
-
-var ProofAliceBobCarol = []gocid.Cid{
-	TokenBobCarolCID,
-	TokenAliceBobCID,
-}
-
-var ProofAliceBobCarolDan = []gocid.Cid{
-	TokenCarolDanCID,
-	TokenBobCarolCID,
-	TokenAliceBobCID,
-}
-
-var ProofAliceBobCarolDanErin = []gocid.Cid{
-	TokenDanErinCID,
-	TokenCarolDanCID,
-	TokenBobCarolCID,
-	TokenAliceBobCID,
-}
-
-var ProofAliceBobCarolDanErinFrank = []gocid.Cid{
-	TokenErinFrankCID,
-	TokenDanErinCID,
-	TokenCarolDanCID,
-	TokenBobCarolCID,
-	TokenAliceBobCID,
-}
-
-var ProofAliceBobCarolDan_InvalidExpandedCommand = []gocid.Cid{
-	TokenCarolDan_InvalidExpandedCommandCID,
-	TokenBobCarolCID,
-	TokenAliceBobCID,
-}
-
-var ProofAliceBobCarolDanErin_InvalidExpandedCommand = []gocid.Cid{
-	TokenDanErin_InvalidExpandedCommandCID,
-	TokenCarolDan_InvalidExpandedCommandCID,
-	TokenBobCarolCID,
-	TokenAliceBobCID,
-}
-
-var ProofAliceBobCarolDanErinFrank_InvalidExpandedCommand = []gocid.Cid{
-	TokenErinFrank_InvalidExpandedCommandCID,
-	TokenDanErin_InvalidExpandedCommandCID,
-	TokenCarolDan_InvalidExpandedCommandCID,
-	TokenBobCarolCID,
-	TokenAliceBobCID,
-}
-
-var ProofAliceBobCarolDan_ValidAttenuatedCommand = []gocid.Cid{
-	TokenCarolDan_ValidAttenuatedCommandCID,
-	TokenBobCarolCID,
-	TokenAliceBobCID,
-}
-
-var ProofAliceBobCarolDanErin_ValidAttenuatedCommand = []gocid.Cid{
-	TokenDanErin_ValidAttenuatedCommandCID,
-	TokenCarolDan_ValidAttenuatedCommandCID,
-	TokenBobCarolCID,
-	TokenAliceBobCID,
-}
-
-var ProofAliceBobCarolDanErinFrank_ValidAttenuatedCommand = []gocid.Cid{
-	TokenErinFrank_ValidAttenuatedCommandCID,
-	TokenDanErin_ValidAttenuatedCommandCID,
-	TokenCarolDan_ValidAttenuatedCommandCID,
-	TokenBobCarolCID,
-	TokenAliceBobCID,
-}
-
-var ProofAliceBobCarolDan_InvalidSubject = []gocid.Cid{
-	TokenCarolDan_InvalidSubjectCID,
-	TokenBobCarolCID,
-	TokenAliceBobCID,
-}
-
-var ProofAliceBobCarolDanErin_InvalidSubject = []gocid.Cid{
-	TokenDanErin_InvalidSubjectCID,
-	TokenCarolDan_InvalidSubjectCID,
-	TokenBobCarolCID,
-	TokenAliceBobCID,
-}
-
-var ProofAliceBobCarolDanErinFrank_InvalidSubject = []gocid.Cid{
-	TokenErinFrank_InvalidSubjectCID,
-	TokenDanErin_InvalidSubjectCID,
-	TokenCarolDan_InvalidSubjectCID,
-	TokenBobCarolCID,
-	TokenAliceBobCID,
-}
-
-var ProofAliceBobCarolDan_InvalidExpired = []gocid.Cid{
-	TokenCarolDan_InvalidExpiredCID,
-	TokenBobCarolCID,
-	TokenAliceBobCID,
-}
-
-var ProofAliceBobCarolDanErin_InvalidExpired = []gocid.Cid{
-	TokenDanErin_InvalidExpiredCID,
-	TokenCarolDan_InvalidExpiredCID,
-	TokenBobCarolCID,
-	TokenAliceBobCID,
-}
-
-var ProofAliceBobCarolDanErinFrank_InvalidExpired = []gocid.Cid{
-	TokenErinFrank_InvalidExpiredCID,
-	TokenDanErin_InvalidExpiredCID,
-	TokenCarolDan_InvalidExpiredCID,
-	TokenBobCarolCID,
-	TokenAliceBobCID,
-}
-
-var ProofAliceBobCarolDan_InvalidInactive = []gocid.Cid{
-	TokenCarolDan_InvalidInactiveCID,
-	TokenBobCarolCID,
-	TokenAliceBobCID,
-}
-
-var ProofAliceBobCarolDanErin_InvalidInactive = []gocid.Cid{
-	TokenDanErin_InvalidInactiveCID,
-	TokenCarolDan_InvalidInactiveCID,
-	TokenBobCarolCID,
-	TokenAliceBobCID,
-}
-
-var ProofAliceBobCarolDanErinFrank_InvalidInactive = []gocid.Cid{
-	TokenErinFrank_InvalidInactiveCID,
-	TokenDanErin_InvalidInactiveCID,
-	TokenCarolDan_InvalidInactiveCID,
-	TokenBobCarolCID,
-	TokenAliceBobCID,
-}
--- a/token/delegation/delegationtest/token_test.go
+++ b/token/delegation/delegationtest/token_test.go
@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-package delegationtest_test
-
-import (
-	"testing"
-
-	"github.com/ipfs/go-cid"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
-
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/token/delegation"
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/token/delegation/delegationtest"
-)
-
-func TestGetDelegation(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Run("passes with valid CID", func(t *testing.T) {
-		t.Parallel()
-
-		tkn, err := delegationtest.GetDelegation(delegationtest.TokenAliceBobCID)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		assert.NotZero(t, tkn)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("fails with unknown CID", func(t *testing.T) {
-		t.Parallel()
-
-		tkn, err := delegationtest.GetDelegation(cid.Undef)
-		require.ErrorIs(t, err, delegation.ErrDelegationNotFound)
-		assert.Nil(t, tkn)
-	})
-}
--- a/token/delegation/examples_test.go
+++ b/token/delegation/examples_test.go
@@ -1,311 +0,0 @@
-package delegation_test
-
-import (
-	"bytes"
-	"encoding/base64"
-	"encoding/hex"
-	"encoding/json"
-	"fmt"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/ipfs/go-cid"
-	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime"
-	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/codec/dagcbor"
-	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/codec/dagjson"
-
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/did/didtest"
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/pkg/command"
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/pkg/policy"
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/pkg/policy/literal"
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/token/delegation"
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/token/internal/envelope"
-)
-
-// The following example shows how to create a delegation.Token with
-// distinct DIDs for issuer (iss), audience (aud) and subject (sub).
-func ExampleNew() {
-	fmt.Println("issDid:", didtest.PersonaBob.DID().String())
-
-	// The command defines the shape of the arguments that will be evaluated against the policy
-	cmd := command.MustParse("/foo/bar")
-
-	// The policy defines what is allowed to do.
-	pol := policy.MustConstruct(
-		policy.Equal(".status", literal.String("draft")),
-		policy.All(".reviewer",
-			policy.Like(".email", "*@example.com"),
-		),
-		policy.Any(".tags", policy.Or(
-			policy.Equal(".", literal.String("news")),
-			policy.Equal(".", literal.String("press")),
-		)),
-	)
-
-	tkn, err := delegation.New(didtest.PersonaBob.DID(), didtest.PersonaCarol.DID(), cmd, pol,
-		delegation.WithSubject(didtest.PersonaAlice.DID()),
-		delegation.WithExpirationIn(time.Hour),
-		delegation.WithNotBeforeIn(time.Minute),
-		delegation.WithMeta("foo", "bar"),
-		delegation.WithMeta("baz", 123),
-	)
-	printThenPanicOnErr(err)
-
-	// "Seal", meaning encode and wrap into a signed envelope.
-	data, id, err := tkn.ToSealed(didtest.PersonaBob.PrivKey())
-	printThenPanicOnErr(err)
-
-	printCIDAndSealed(id, data)
-
-	// Example output:
-	//
-	// issDid: did:key:z6MkvJPmEZZYbgiw1ouT1oouTsTFBHJSts9ophVsNgcRmYxU
-	//
-	// CID (base58BTC): zdpuAsqfZkgg2jgZyob23sq1J9xwtf9PHgt1PsskVCMq7Vvxk
-	//
-	// DAG-CBOR (base64) out: 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
-	// Converted to DAG-JSON out:
-	//	[
-	//		{
-	//			"/": {
-	//				"bytes": "5rvl8uKmDVGvAVSt4m/0MGiXl9dZwljJJ9m2qHCoIB617l26UvMxyH5uvN9hM7ozfVATiq4mLhoGgm9IGnEEAg"
-	//			}
-	//		},
-	//		{
-	//			"h": {
-	//				"/": {
-	//					"bytes": "NO0BcQ"
-	//				}
-	//			},
-	//			"ucan/dlg@1.0.0-rc.1": {
-	//				"aud": "did:key:z6Mkq5YmbJcTrPExNDi26imrTCpKhepjBFBSHqrBDN2ArPkv",
-	//				"cmd": "/foo/bar",
-	//				"exp": 1728933098,
-	//				"iss": "did:key:z6MkhVFznPeR572rTK51UjoTNpnF8cxuWfPm9oBMPr7y8ABe",
-	//				"meta": {
-	//					"baz": 123,
-	//					"foo": "bar"
-	//				},
-	//				"nbf": 1728929558,
-	//				"nonce": {
-	//					"/": {
-	//						"bytes": "u0HMgJ5Y+M84I/66"
-	//					}
-	//				},
-	//				"pol": [
-	//					[
-	//						"==",
-	//						".status",
-	//						"draft"
-	//					],
-	//					[
-	//						"all",
-	//						".reviewer",
-	//						[
-	//							"like",
-	//							".email",
-	//							"*@example.com"
-	//						]
-	//					],
-	//					[
-	//						"any",
-	//						".tags",
-	//						[
-	//							"or",
-	//							[
-	//								[
-	//									"==",
-	//									".",
-	//									"news"
-	//								],
-	//								[
-	//									"==",
-	//									".",
-	//									"press"
-	//								]
-	//							]
-	//						]
-	//					]
-	//				],
-	//				"sub": "did:key:z6MktA1uBdCpq4uJBqE9jjMiLyxZBg9a6xgPPKJjMqss6Zc2"
-	//			}
-	//		}
-	//	]
-}
-
-// The following example shows how to create a UCAN root delegation.Token
-// - a delegation.Token with the subject (sub) set to the value of issuer
-// (iss).
-func ExampleRoot() {
-	// The command defines the shape of the arguments that will be evaluated against the policy
-	cmd := command.MustParse("/foo/bar")
-
-	// The policy defines what is allowed to do.
-	pol := policy.MustConstruct(
-		policy.Equal(".status", literal.String("draft")),
-		policy.All(".reviewer",
-			policy.Like(".email", "*@example.com"),
-		),
-		policy.Any(".tags", policy.Or(
-			policy.Equal(".", literal.String("news")),
-			policy.Equal(".", literal.String("press")),
-		)),
-	)
-
-	tkn, err := delegation.Root(didtest.PersonaAlice.DID(), didtest.PersonaBob.DID(), cmd, pol,
-		delegation.WithExpirationIn(time.Hour),
-		delegation.WithNotBeforeIn(time.Minute),
-		delegation.WithMeta("foo", "bar"),
-		delegation.WithMeta("baz", 123),
-	)
-	printThenPanicOnErr(err)
-
-	// "Seal", meaning encode and wrap into a signed envelope.
-	data, id, err := tkn.ToSealed(didtest.PersonaAlice.PrivKey())
-	printThenPanicOnErr(err)
-
-	printCIDAndSealed(id, data)
-
-	// Example output:
-	//
-	// issDid: did:key:z6MknWJqz17Y4AfsXSJUFKomuBR4GTkViM7kJYutzTMkCyFF
-	//
-	// CID (base58BTC): zdpuAkwYz8nY7uU8j3F6wVTfFY1VEoExwvUAYBEwRWfTozddE
-	//
-	// DAG-CBOR (base64) out: glhAVpW67FJ+myNi+azvnw2jivuiqXTuMrDZI2Qdaa8jE1Oi3mkjnm7DyqSQGADcomcuDslMWKmJ+OIyvbPG5PtSA6JhaEQ07QFxc3VjYW4vZGxnQDEuMC4wLXJjLjGpY2F1ZHg4ZGlkOmtleTp6Nk1rdkpQbUVaWlliZ2l3MW91VDFvb3VUc1RGQkhKU3RzOW9waFZzTmdjUm1ZeFVjY21kaC9mb28vYmFyY2V4cBpnROVoY2lzc3g4ZGlkOmtleTp6Nk1rdXVrazJza0RYTFFuN05LM0VoOWpNbmRZZnZEQnh4a3RncGlkSkFxYjdNM3BjbmJmGmdE15RjcG9sg4NiPT1nLnN0YXR1c2VkcmFmdINjYWxsaS5yZXZpZXdlcoNkbGlrZWYuZW1haWxtKkBleGFtcGxlLmNvbYNjYW55ZS50YWdzgmJvcoKDYj09YS5kbmV3c4NiPT1hLmVwcmVzc2NzdWJ4OGRpZDprZXk6ejZNa3V1a2syc2tEWExRbjdOSzNFaDlqTW5kWWZ2REJ4eGt0Z3BpZEpBcWI3TTNwZG1ldGGiY2Jhehh7Y2Zvb2NiYXJlbm9uY2VMwzDc03WBciJIGPWG
-	//
-	// Converted to DAG-JSON out:
-	//	[
-	//		{
-	//			"/": {
-	//				"bytes": "VpW67FJ+myNi+azvnw2jivuiqXTuMrDZI2Qdaa8jE1Oi3mkjnm7DyqSQGADcomcuDslMWKmJ+OIyvbPG5PtSAw"
-	//			}
-	//		},
-	//		{
-	//			"h": {
-	//				"/": {
-	//					"bytes": "NO0BcQ"
-	//				}
-	//			},
-	//			"ucan/dlg@1.0.0-rc.1": {
-	//				"aud": "did:key:z6MkvJPmEZZYbgiw1ouT1oouTsTFBHJSts9ophVsNgcRmYxU",
-	//				"cmd": "/foo/bar",
-	//				"exp": 1732568424,
-	//				"iss": "did:key:z6Mkuukk2skDXLQn7NK3Eh9jMndYfvDBxxktgpidJAqb7M3p",
-	//				"meta": {
-	//					"baz": 123,
-	//					"foo": "bar"
-	//				},
-	//				"nbf": 1732564884,
-	//				"nonce": {
-	//					"/": {
-	//						"bytes": "wzDc03WBciJIGPWG"
-	//					}
-	//				},
-	//				"pol": [
-	//					[
-	//						"==",
-	//						".status",
-	//						"draft"
-	//					],
-	//					[
-	//						"all",
-	//						".reviewer",
-	//						[
-	//							"like",
-	//							".email",
-	//							"*@example.com"
-	//						]
-	//					],
-	//					[
-	//						"any",
-	//						".tags",
-	//						[
-	//							"or",
-	//							[
-	//								[
-	//									"==",
-	//									".",
-	//									"news"
-	//								],
-	//								[
-	//									"==",
-	//									".",
-	//									"press"
-	//								]
-	//							]
-	//						]
-	//					]
-	//				],
-	//				"sub": "did:key:z6Mkuukk2skDXLQn7NK3Eh9jMndYfvDBxxktgpidJAqb7M3p"
-	//			}
-	//		}
-	//	]
-}
-
-// The following example demonstrates how to get a delegation.Token from
-// a DAG-CBOR []byte.
-func ExampleFromSealed() {
-	const cborBase64 = "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"
-
-	cborBytes, err := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(cborBase64)
-	printThenPanicOnErr(err)
-
-	tkn, c, err := delegation.FromSealed(cborBytes)
-	printThenPanicOnErr(err)
-
-	fmt.Println("CID (base58BTC):", envelope.CIDToBase58BTC(c))
-	fmt.Println("Issuer (iss):", tkn.Issuer().String())
-	fmt.Println("Audience (aud):", tkn.Audience().String())
-	fmt.Println("Subject (sub):", tkn.Subject().String())
-	fmt.Println("Command (cmd):", tkn.Command().String())
-	fmt.Println("Policy (pol):", tkn.Policy().String())
-	fmt.Println("Nonce (nonce):", hex.EncodeToString(tkn.Nonce()))
-	fmt.Println("Meta (meta):", tkn.Meta().String())
-	fmt.Println("NotBefore (nbf):", tkn.NotBefore())
-	fmt.Println("Expiration (exp):", tkn.Expiration())
-
-	// Output:
-	// CID (base58BTC): zdpuAw26pFuvZa2Z9YAtpZZnWN6VmnRFr7Z8LVY5c7RVWoxGY
-	// Issuer (iss): did:key:z6Mkpzn2n3ZGT2VaqMGSQC3tzmzV4TS9S71iFsDXE1WnoNH2
-	// Audience (aud): did:key:z6Mkq5YmbJcTrPExNDi26imrTCpKhepjBFBSHqrBDN2ArPkv
-	// Subject (sub): did:key:z6MktA1uBdCpq4uJBqE9jjMiLyxZBg9a6xgPPKJjMqss6Zc2
-	// Command (cmd): /foo/bar
-	// Policy (pol): [
-	//   ["==", ".status", "draft"],
-	//   ["all", ".reviewer",
-	//     ["like", ".email", "*@example.com"]],
-	//   ["any", ".tags",
-	//     ["or", [
-	//       ["==", ".", "news"],
-	//       ["==", ".", "press"]]]
-	//     ]
-	// ]
-	// Nonce (nonce): 000102030405060708090a0b
-	// Meta (meta): {}
-	// NotBefore (nbf): <nil>
-	// Expiration (exp): <nil>
-}
-
-func printCIDAndSealed(id cid.Cid, data []byte) {
-	fmt.Println("CID (base58BTC):", envelope.CIDToBase58BTC(id))
-	fmt.Println("DAG-CBOR (base64) out:", base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(data))
-	fmt.Println("Converted to DAG-JSON out:")
-
-	node, err := ipld.Decode(data, dagcbor.Decode)
-	printThenPanicOnErr(err)
-
-	rawJSON, err := ipld.Encode(node, dagjson.Encode)
-	printThenPanicOnErr(err)
-
-	prettyJSON := &bytes.Buffer{}
-	err = json.Indent(prettyJSON, rawJSON, "", "\t")
-	printThenPanicOnErr(err)
-
-	fmt.Println(prettyJSON.String())
-}
-
-func printThenPanicOnErr(err error) {
-	if err != nil {
-		panic(err)
-	}
-}
--- a/token/delegation/loader.go
+++ b/token/delegation/loader.go
@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-package delegation
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-
-	"github.com/ipfs/go-cid"
-)
-
-// ErrDelegationNotFound is returned if a delegation token is not found
-var ErrDelegationNotFound = fmt.Errorf("delegation not found")
-
-// Loader is a delegation token loader.
-type Loader interface {
-	// GetDelegation returns the delegation.Token matching the given CID.
-	// If not found, ErrDelegationNotFound is returned.
-	GetDelegation(cid cid.Cid) (*Token, error)
-}
--- a/token/delegation/testdata/new.dagjson
+++ b/token/delegation/testdata/new.dagjson
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-[{"/":{"bytes":"BBabgnWqd+cjwG1td0w9BudNocmUwoR89RMZTqZHk3osCXEI/bOkko0zTvlusaE4EMBBeSzZDKzjvunLBfdiBg"}},{"h":{"/":{"bytes":"NO0BcQ"}},"ucan/dlg@1.0.0-rc.1":{"aud":"did:key:z6MkvJPmEZZYbgiw1ouT1oouTsTFBHJSts9ophVsNgcRmYxU","cmd":"/foo/bar","exp":7258118400,"iss":"did:key:z6Mkuukk2skDXLQn7NK3Eh9jMndYfvDBxxktgpidJAqb7M3p","meta":{"bar":"barr","foo":"fooo"},"nonce":{"/":{"bytes":"NnJvRGhHaTBraU5yaVFBejdKM2QrYk9lb0kvdGo4RU5pa21RTmJ0am5EMA"}},"pol":[["==",".status","draft"],["all",".reviewer",["like",".email","*@example.com"]],["any",".tags",["or",[["==",".","news"],["==",".","press"]]]]],"sub":"did:key:z6Mkuukk2skDXLQn7NK3Eh9jMndYfvDBxxktgpidJAqb7M3p"}}]
--- a/token/delegation/testdata/root.dagjson
+++ b/token/delegation/testdata/root.dagjson
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-[{"/":{"bytes":"BBabgnWqd+cjwG1td0w9BudNocmUwoR89RMZTqZHk3osCXEI/bOkko0zTvlusaE4EMBBeSzZDKzjvunLBfdiBg"}},{"h":{"/":{"bytes":"NO0BcQ"}},"ucan/dlg@1.0.0-rc.1":{"aud":"did:key:z6MkvJPmEZZYbgiw1ouT1oouTsTFBHJSts9ophVsNgcRmYxU","cmd":"/foo/bar","exp":7258118400,"iss":"did:key:z6Mkuukk2skDXLQn7NK3Eh9jMndYfvDBxxktgpidJAqb7M3p","meta":{"bar":"barr","foo":"fooo"},"nonce":{"/":{"bytes":"NnJvRGhHaTBraU5yaVFBejdKM2QrYk9lb0kvdGo4RU5pa21RTmJ0am5EMA"}},"pol":[["==",".status","draft"],["all",".reviewer",["like",".email","*@example.com"]],["any",".tags",["or",[["==",".","news"],["==",".","press"]]]]],"sub":"did:key:z6Mkuukk2skDXLQn7NK3Eh9jMndYfvDBxxktgpidJAqb7M3p"}}]
--- a/token/inspect.go
+++ b/token/inspect.go
@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-package token
-
-import (
-	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/datamodel"
-
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/token/internal/envelope"
-)
-
-type Info = envelope.Info
-
-// Inspect inspects the given token IPLD representation and extract some envelope facts.
-func Inspect(node datamodel.Node) (Info, error) {
-	return envelope.Inspect(node)
-}
-
-// FindTag inspect the given token IPLD representation and extract the token tag.
-func FindTag(node datamodel.Node) (string, error) {
-	return envelope.FindTag(node)
-}
--- a/token/interface.go
+++ b/token/interface.go
@@ -1,41 +0,0 @@
-package token
-
-import (
-	"io"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/ipfs/go-cid"
-	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/codec"
-	"github.com/libp2p/go-libp2p/core/crypto"
-)
-
-type Token interface {
-	Marshaller
-
-	// IsValidNow verifies that the token can be used at the current time, based on expiration or "not before" fields.
-	// This does NOT do any other kind of verifications.
-	IsValidNow() bool
-	// IsValidNow verifies that the token can be used at the given time, based on expiration or "not before" fields.
-	// This does NOT do any other kind of verifications.
-	IsValidAt(t time.Time) bool
-}
-
-type Marshaller interface {
-	// ToSealed wraps the token in an envelope, generates the signature, encodes
-	// the result to DAG-CBOR and calculates the CID of the resulting binary data.
-	ToSealed(privKey crypto.PrivKey) ([]byte, cid.Cid, error)
-	// ToSealedWriter is the same as ToSealed but accepts an io.Writer.
-	ToSealedWriter(w io.Writer, privKey crypto.PrivKey) (cid.Cid, error)
-	// Encode marshals a Token to the format specified by the provided codec.Encoder.
-	Encode(privKey crypto.PrivKey, encFn codec.Encoder) ([]byte, error)
-	// EncodeWriter is the same as Encode, but accepts an io.Writer.
-	EncodeWriter(w io.Writer, privKey crypto.PrivKey, encFn codec.Encoder) error
-	// ToDagCbor marshals the Token to the DAG-CBOR format.
-	ToDagCbor(privKey crypto.PrivKey) ([]byte, error)
-	// ToDagCborWriter is the same as ToDagCbor, but it accepts an io.Writer.
-	ToDagCborWriter(w io.Writer, privKey crypto.PrivKey) error
-	// ToDagJson marshals the Token to the DAG-JSON format.
-	ToDagJson(privKey crypto.PrivKey) ([]byte, error)
-	// ToDagJsonWriter is the same as ToDagJson, but it accepts an io.Writer.
-	ToDagJsonWriter(w io.Writer, privKey crypto.PrivKey) error
-}
--- a/token/internal/nonce/nonce.go
+++ b/token/internal/nonce/nonce.go
@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-package nonce
-
-import "crypto/rand"
-
-// TODO: some crypto scheme require more, is that our case?
-//
-// The spec mention:
-// The REQUIRED nonce parameter nonce MAY be any value.
-// A randomly generated string is RECOMMENDED to provide a unique UCAN, though it MAY
-// also be a monotonically increasing count of the number of links in the hash chain.
-// This field helps prevent replay attacks and ensures a unique CID per delegation.
-// The iss, aud, and exp fields together will often ensure that UCANs are unique,
-// but adding the nonce ensures uniqueness.
-//
-// The recommended size of the nonce differs by key type. In many cases, a random
-// 12-byte nonce is sufficient. If uncertain, check the nonce in your DID's crypto suite.
-//
-// 12 bytes is 10^28, 16 bytes is 10^38. Both sounds like a lot of random to achieve
-// those goals, but maybe the crypto voodoo require more.
-//
-// The rust implementation use 16 bytes nonce.
-
-// Generate creates a 12-byte random nonce.
-func Generate() ([]byte, error) {
-	res := make([]byte, 12)
-	_, err := rand.Read(res)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	return res, nil
-}
--- a/token/internal/parse/parse.go
+++ b/token/internal/parse/parse.go
@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-package parse
-
-import (
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/did"
-)
-
-func OptionalDID(s *string) (did.DID, error) {
-	if s == nil {
-		return did.Undef, nil
-	}
-	return did.Parse(*s)
-}
-
-func OptionalTimestamp(sec *int64) *time.Time {
-	if sec == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-	t := time.Unix(*sec, 0)
-	return &t
-}
--- a/token/invocation/errors.go
+++ b/token/invocation/errors.go
@@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
-package invocation
-
-import "errors"
-
-// Loading errors
-var (
-	// ErrMissingDelegation
-	ErrMissingDelegation = errors.New("loader missing delegation for proof chain")
-)
-
-// Time bound errors
-var (
-	// ErrTokenExpired is returned if a token is invalid at execution time
-	ErrTokenInvalidNow = errors.New("token has expired")
-)
-
-// Principal alignment errors
-var (
-	// ErrNoProof is returned when no delegations were provided to prove
-	// that the invocation should be executed.
-	ErrNoProof = errors.New("at least one delegation must be provided to validate the invocation")
-
-	// ErrLastNotRoot is returned if the last delegation token in the proof
-	// chain is not a root delegation token.
-	ErrLastNotRoot = errors.New("the last delegation token in proof chain must be a root token")
-
-	// ErrBrokenChain is returned when the Audience of a delegation is
-	// not the Issuer of the previous one.
-	ErrBrokenChain = errors.New("delegation proof chain doesn't connect the invocation to the subject")
-
-	// ErrWrongSub is returned when the Subject of a delegation is not the invocation audience.
-	ErrWrongSub = errors.New("delegation subject need to match the invocation audience")
-
-	// ErrCommandNotCovered is returned when a delegation command doesn't cover (identical or parent of) the
-	// next delegation or invocation's command.
-	ErrCommandNotCovered = errors.New("allowed command doesn't cover the next delegation or invocation")
-)
--- a/token/invocation/examples_test.go
+++ b/token/invocation/examples_test.go
@@ -1,201 +0,0 @@
-package invocation_test
-
-import (
-	"bytes"
-	"encoding/json"
-	"errors"
-	"fmt"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/ipfs/go-cid"
-	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime"
-	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/codec/dagcbor"
-	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/codec/dagjson"
-	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/node/basicnode"
-	"github.com/libp2p/go-libp2p/core/crypto"
-
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/did"
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/pkg/command"
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/token/invocation"
-)
-
-func ExampleNew() {
-	privKey, iss, sub, cmd, args, prf, meta, err := setupExampleNew()
-	if err != nil {
-		fmt.Println("failed to create setup:", err.Error())
-
-		return
-	}
-
-	inv, err := invocation.New(iss, sub, cmd, prf,
-		invocation.WithArgument("uri", args["uri"]),
-		invocation.WithArgument("headers", args["headers"]),
-		invocation.WithArgument("payload", args["payload"]),
-		invocation.WithMeta("env", "development"),
-		invocation.WithMeta("tags", meta["tags"]),
-		invocation.WithExpirationIn(time.Minute),
-		invocation.WithoutInvokedAt())
-	if err != nil {
-		fmt.Println("failed to create invocation:", err.Error())
-
-		return
-	}
-
-	data, cid, err := inv.ToSealed(privKey)
-	if err != nil {
-		fmt.Println("failed to seal invocation:", err.Error())
-
-		return
-	}
-
-	json, err := prettyDAGJSON(data)
-	if err != nil {
-		fmt.Println("failed to pretty DAG-JSON:", err.Error())
-
-		return
-	}
-
-	fmt.Println("CID:", cid)
-	fmt.Println("Token (pretty DAG-JSON):")
-	fmt.Println(json)
-
-	// Expected CID and DAG-JSON output:
-	// CID: bafyreid2n5q45vk4osned7k5huocbe3mxbisonh5vujepqftc5ftr543ae
-	// Token (pretty DAG-JSON):
-	// [
-	//   {
-	// 	"/": {
-	// 	  "bytes": "gvyL7kdSkgmaDpDU/Qj9ohRwxYLCHER52HFMSFEqQqEcQC9qr4JCPP1f/WybvGGuVzYiA0Hx4JO+ohNz8BxUAA"
-	// 	}
-	//   },
-	//   {
-	// 	"h": {
-	// 	  "/": {
-	// 		"bytes": "NO0BcQ"
-	// 	  }
-	// 	},
-	// 	"ucan/inv@1.0.0-rc.1": {
-	// 	  "args": {
-	// 		"headers": {
-	// 		  "Content-Type": "application/json"
-	// 		},
-	// 		"payload": {
-	// 		  "body": "UCAN is great",
-	// 		  "draft": true,
-	// 		  "title": "UCAN for Fun and Profit",
-	// 		  "topics": [
-	// 			"authz",
-	// 			"journal"
-	// 		  ]
-	// 		},
-	// 		"uri": "https://example.com/blog/posts"
-	// 	  },
-	// 	  "cmd": "/crud/create",
-	// 	  "exp": 1729788921,
-	// 	  "iss": "did:key:z6MkhniGGyP88eZrq2dpMvUPdS2RQMhTUAWzcu6kVGUvEtCJ",
-	// 	  "meta": {
-	// 		"env": "development",
-	// 		"tags": [
-	// 		  "blog",
-	// 		  "post",
-	// 		  "pr#123"
-	// 		]
-	// 	  },
-	// 	  "nonce": {
-	// 		"/": {
-	// 		  "bytes": "2xXPoZwWln1TfXIp"
-	// 		}
-	// 	  },
-	// 	  "prf": [
-	// 		{
-	// 		  "/": "bafyreigx3qxd2cndpe66j2mdssj773ecv7tqd7wovcnz5raguw6lj7sjoe"
-	// 		},
-	// 		{
-	// 		  "/": "bafyreib34ira254zdqgehz6f2bhwme2ja2re3ltcalejv4x4tkcveujvpa"
-	// 		},
-	// 		{
-	// 		  "/": "bafyreibkb66tpo2ixqx3fe5hmekkbuasrod6olt5bwm5u5pi726mduuwlq"
-	// 		}
-	// 	  ],
-	// 	  "sub": "did:key:z6MktWuvPvBe5UyHnDGuEdw8aJ5qrhhwLG6jy7cQYM6ckP6P"
-	// 	}
-	//   }
-	// ]
-}
-
-func prettyDAGJSON(data []byte) (string, error) {
-	var node ipld.Node
-
-	node, err := ipld.Decode(data, dagcbor.Decode)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
-	}
-
-	jsonData, err := ipld.Encode(node, dagjson.Encode)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
-	}
-
-	var out bytes.Buffer
-	if err := json.Indent(&out, jsonData, "", "  "); err != nil {
-		return "", err
-	}
-
-	return out.String(), nil
-}
-
-func setupExampleNew() (privKey crypto.PrivKey, iss, sub did.DID, cmd command.Command, args map[string]any, prf []cid.Cid, meta map[string]any, errs error) {
-	var err error
-
-	privKey, iss, err = did.GenerateEd25519()
-	if err != nil {
-		errs = errors.Join(errs, fmt.Errorf("failed to generate Issuer identity: %w", err))
-	}
-
-	_, sub, err = did.GenerateEd25519()
-	if err != nil {
-		errs = errors.Join(errs, fmt.Errorf("failed to generate Subject identity: %w", err))
-	}
-
-	cmd, err = command.Parse("/crud/create")
-	if err != nil {
-		errs = errors.Join(errs, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse command: %w", err))
-	}
-
-	headers := map[string]string{
-		"Content-Type": "application/json",
-	}
-
-	payload := map[string]any{
-		"body":   "UCAN is great",
-		"draft":  true,
-		"title":  "UCAN for Fun and Profit",
-		"topics": []string{"authz", "journal"},
-	}
-
-	args = map[string]any{
-		// you can also directly pass IPLD values
-		"uri":     basicnode.NewString("https://example.com/blog/posts"),
-		"headers": headers,
-		"payload": payload,
-	}
-
-	prf = make([]cid.Cid, 3)
-	for i, v := range []string{
-		"zdpuAzx4sBrBCabrZZqXgvK3NDzh7Mf5mKbG11aBkkMCdLtCp",
-		"zdpuApTCXfoKh2sB1KaUaVSGofCBNPUnXoBb6WiCeitXEibZy",
-		"zdpuAoFdXRPw4n6TLcncoDhq1Mr6FGbpjAiEtqSBrTSaYMKkf",
-	} {
-		prf[i], err = cid.Parse(v)
-		if err != nil {
-			errs = errors.Join(errs, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse proof cid: %w", err))
-		}
-	}
-
-	meta = map[string]any{
-		"env":  basicnode.NewString("development"),
-		"tags": []string{"blog", "post", "pr#123"},
-	}
-
-	return // WARNING: named return values
-}
--- a/token/invocation/invocation.go
+++ b/token/invocation/invocation.go
@@ -1,286 +0,0 @@
-// Package invocation implements the UCAN [invocation] specification with
-// an immutable Token type as well as methods to convert the Token to and
-// from the [envelope]-enclosed, signed and DAG-CBOR-encoded form that
-// should most commonly be used for transport and storage.
-//
-// [envelope]: https://github.com/ucan-wg/spec#envelope
-// [invocation]: https://github.com/ucan-wg/invocation
-package invocation
-
-import (
-	"errors"
-	"fmt"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/ipfs/go-cid"
-
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/did"
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/pkg/args"
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/pkg/command"
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/pkg/meta"
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/token/delegation"
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/token/internal/nonce"
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/token/internal/parse"
-)
-
-// Token is an immutable type that holds the fields of a UCAN invocation.
-type Token struct {
-	// The DID of the Invoker
-	issuer did.DID
-	// The DID of Subject being invoked
-	subject did.DID
-	// The DID of the intended Executor if different from the Subject
-	audience did.DID
-
-	// The Command
-	command command.Command
-	// The Command's arguments
-	arguments *args.Args
-	// CIDs of the delegation.Token that prove the chain of authority
-	// They need to form a strictly linear chain, and being ordered starting from the
-	// leaf Delegation (with aud matching the invocation's iss), in a strict sequence
-	// where the iss of the previous Delegation matches the aud of the next Delegation.
-	proof []cid.Cid
-	// Arbitrary Metadata
-	meta *meta.Meta
-
-	// A unique, random nonce
-	nonce []byte
-	// The timestamp at which the Invocation becomes invalid
-	expiration *time.Time
-	// The timestamp at which the Invocation was created
-	invokedAt *time.Time
-
-	// An optional CID of the Receipt that enqueued the Task
-	cause *cid.Cid
-}
-
-// New creates an invocation Token with the provided options.
-//
-// If no nonce is provided, a random 12-byte nonce is generated. Use the
-// WithNonce or WithEmptyNonce options to specify provide your own nonce
-// or to leave the nonce empty respectively.
-//
-// If no invokedAt is provided, the current time is used. Use the
-// WithInvokedAt or WithInvokedAtIn Options to specify a different time
-// or the WithoutInvokedAt Option to clear the Token's invokedAt field.
-//
-// With the exception of the WithMeta option, all others will overwrite
-// the previous contents of their target field.
-func New(iss, sub did.DID, cmd command.Command, prf []cid.Cid, opts ...Option) (*Token, error) {
-	iat := time.Now()
-
-	tkn := Token{
-		issuer:    iss,
-		subject:   sub,
-		command:   cmd,
-		arguments: args.New(),
-		proof:     prf,
-		meta:      meta.NewMeta(),
-		nonce:     nil,
-		invokedAt: &iat,
-	}
-
-	for _, opt := range opts {
-		if err := opt(&tkn); err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-	}
-
-	var err error
-	if len(tkn.nonce) == 0 {
-		tkn.nonce, err = nonce.Generate()
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-	}
-
-	if err := tkn.validate(); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	return &tkn, nil
-}
-
-func (t *Token) ExecutionAllowed(loader delegation.Loader) error {
-	return t.executionAllowed(loader, t.arguments)
-}
-
-func (t *Token) ExecutionAllowedWithArgsHook(loader delegation.Loader, hook func(args args.ReadOnly) (*args.Args, error)) error {
-	newArgs, err := hook(t.arguments.ReadOnly())
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	return t.executionAllowed(loader, newArgs)
-}
-
-func (t *Token) executionAllowed(loader delegation.Loader, arguments *args.Args) error {
-	delegations, err := t.loadProofs(loader)
-	if err != nil {
-		// All referenced delegations must be available - 4b
-		return err
-	}
-
-	if err := t.verifyProofs(delegations); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	if err := t.verifyTimeBound(delegations); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	if err := t.verifyArgs(delegations, arguments); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-// Issuer returns the did.DID representing the Token's issuer.
-func (t *Token) Issuer() did.DID {
-	return t.issuer
-}
-
-// Subject returns the did.DID representing the Token's subject.
-func (t *Token) Subject() did.DID {
-	return t.subject
-}
-
-// Audience returns the did.DID representing the Token's audience.
-func (t *Token) Audience() did.DID {
-	return t.audience
-}
-
-// Command returns the capability's command.Command.
-func (t *Token) Command() command.Command {
-	return t.command
-}
-
-// Arguments returns the arguments to be used when the command is
-// invoked.
-func (t *Token) Arguments() args.ReadOnly {
-	return t.arguments.ReadOnly()
-}
-
-// Proof() returns the ordered list of cid.Cid which reference the
-// delegation Tokens that authorize this invocation.
-func (t *Token) Proof() []cid.Cid {
-	return t.proof
-}
-
-// Meta returns the Token's metadata.
-func (t *Token) Meta() meta.ReadOnly {
-	return t.meta.ReadOnly()
-}
-
-// Nonce returns the random Nonce encapsulated in this Token.
-func (t *Token) Nonce() []byte {
-	return t.nonce
-}
-
-// Expiration returns the time at which the Token expires.
-func (t *Token) Expiration() *time.Time {
-	return t.expiration
-}
-
-// InvokedAt returns the time.Time at which the invocation token was
-// created.
-func (t *Token) InvokedAt() *time.Time {
-	return t.invokedAt
-}
-
-// Cause returns the Token's (optional) cause field which may specify
-// which describes the Receipt that requested the invocation.
-func (t *Token) Cause() *cid.Cid {
-	return t.cause
-}
-
-// IsValidNow verifies that the token can be used at the current time, based on expiration or "not before" fields.
-// This does NOT do any other kind of verifications.
-func (t *Token) IsValidNow() bool {
-	return t.IsValidAt(time.Now())
-}
-
-// IsValidNow verifies that the token can be used at the given time, based on expiration or "not before" fields.
-// This does NOT do any other kind of verifications.
-func (t *Token) IsValidAt(ti time.Time) bool {
-	if t.expiration != nil && ti.After(*t.expiration) {
-		return false
-	}
-	return true
-}
-
-func (t *Token) validate() error {
-	var errs error
-
-	requiredDID := func(id did.DID, fieldname string) {
-		if !id.Defined() {
-			errs = errors.Join(errs, fmt.Errorf(`a valid did is required for %s: %s`, fieldname, id.String()))
-		}
-	}
-
-	requiredDID(t.issuer, "Issuer")
-	requiredDID(t.subject, "Subject")
-
-	if len(t.nonce) < 12 {
-		errs = errors.Join(errs, fmt.Errorf("token nonce too small"))
-	}
-
-	return errs
-}
-
-func (t *Token) loadProofs(loader delegation.Loader) (res []*delegation.Token, err error) {
-	res = make([]*delegation.Token, len(t.proof))
-	for i, c := range t.proof {
-		res[i], err = loader.GetDelegation(c)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: need %s", ErrMissingDelegation, c)
-		}
-	}
-	return res, nil
-}
-
-// tokenFromModel build a decoded view of the raw IPLD data.
-// This function also serves as validation.
-func tokenFromModel(m tokenPayloadModel) (*Token, error) {
-	var (
-		tkn Token
-		err error
-	)
-
-	if tkn.issuer, err = did.Parse(m.Iss); err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("parse iss: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	if tkn.subject, err = did.Parse(m.Sub); err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("parse subject: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	if tkn.audience, err = parse.OptionalDID(m.Aud); err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("parse audience: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	if tkn.command, err = command.Parse(m.Cmd); err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("parse command: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	if len(m.Nonce) == 0 {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("nonce is required")
-	}
-	tkn.nonce = m.Nonce
-
-	tkn.arguments = m.Args
-	tkn.proof = m.Prf
-	tkn.meta = m.Meta
-
-	tkn.expiration = parse.OptionalTimestamp(m.Exp)
-	tkn.invokedAt = parse.OptionalTimestamp(m.Iat)
-
-	tkn.cause = m.Cause
-
-	if err := tkn.validate(); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	return &tkn, nil
-}
--- a/token/invocation/invocation.ipldsch
+++ b/token/invocation/invocation.ipldsch
@@ -1,32 +0,0 @@
-
-type DID string
-
-# The Invocation Payload attaches sender, receiver, and provenance to the Task.
-type Payload struct {
-    # The DID of the invoker
-    iss DID
-    # The Subject being invoked
-    sub DID
-    # The DID of the intended Executor if different from the Subject
-    aud optional DID
-
-    # The Command
-    cmd String
-    # The Command's Arguments
-    args { String : Any}
-    # Delegations that prove the chain of authority
-    prf [ Link ]
-
-    # Arbitrary Metadata
-    meta optional { String : Any }
-
-    # A unique, random nonce
-    nonce optional Bytes
-    # The timestamp at which the Invocation becomes invalid
-    exp nullable Int
-    # The Timestamp at which the Invocation was created
-    iat optional Int
-
-    # An optional CID of the Receipt that enqueued the Task
-    cause optional Link
-}
--- a/token/invocation/invocation_test.go
+++ b/token/invocation/invocation_test.go
@@ -1,139 +0,0 @@
-package invocation_test
-
-import (
-	"testing"
-
-	"github.com/ipfs/go-cid"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
-
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/did/didtest"
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/pkg/args"
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/pkg/command"
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/token/delegation/delegationtest"
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/token/invocation"
-)
-
-const (
-	missingPrivKeyCfg = "CAESQMjRvrEIjpPYRQKmkAGw/pV0XgE958rYa4vlnKJjl1zz/sdnGnyV1xKLJk8D39edyjhHWyqcpgFnozQK62SG16k="
-	missingTknCIDStr  = "bafyreigwypmw6eul6vadi6g6lnfbsfo2zck7gfzsbjoroqs3djhnzzc7mm"
-	missingDIDStr     = "did:key:z6MkwboxFsH3kEuehBZ5fLkRmxi68yv1u38swA4r9Jm2VRma"
-)
-
-var emptyArguments = args.New()
-
-func TestToken_ExecutionAllowed(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	t.Run("passes - only root", func(t *testing.T) {
-		t.Parallel()
-
-		testPasses(t, didtest.PersonaBob, delegationtest.NominalCommand, emptyArguments, delegationtest.ProofAliceBob)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("passes - valid chain", func(t *testing.T) {
-		t.Parallel()
-
-		testPasses(t, didtest.PersonaFrank, delegationtest.NominalCommand, emptyArguments, delegationtest.ProofAliceBobCarolDanErinFrank)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("passes - proof chain attenuates command", func(t *testing.T) {
-		t.Parallel()
-
-		testPasses(t, didtest.PersonaFrank, delegationtest.AttenuatedCommand, emptyArguments, delegationtest.ProofAliceBobCarolDanErinFrank_ValidAttenuatedCommand)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("passes - invocation attenuates command", func(t *testing.T) {
-		t.Parallel()
-
-		testPasses(t, didtest.PersonaFrank, delegationtest.AttenuatedCommand, emptyArguments, delegationtest.ProofAliceBobCarolDanErinFrank)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("fails - no proof", func(t *testing.T) {
-		t.Parallel()
-
-		testFails(t, invocation.ErrNoProof, didtest.PersonaCarol, delegationtest.NominalCommand, emptyArguments, delegationtest.ProofEmpty)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("fails - missing referenced delegation", func(t *testing.T) {
-		t.Parallel()
-
-		missingTknCID, err := cid.Parse(missingTknCIDStr)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-
-		prf := []cid.Cid{missingTknCID, delegationtest.TokenAliceBobCID}
-		testFails(t, invocation.ErrMissingDelegation, didtest.PersonaCarol, delegationtest.NominalCommand, emptyArguments, prf)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("fails - referenced delegation expired", func(t *testing.T) {
-		t.Parallel()
-
-		testFails(t, invocation.ErrTokenInvalidNow, didtest.PersonaFrank, delegationtest.NominalCommand, emptyArguments, delegationtest.ProofAliceBobCarolDanErinFrank_InvalidExpired)
-
-	})
-
-	t.Run("fails - referenced delegation inactive", func(t *testing.T) {
-		t.Parallel()
-
-		testFails(t, invocation.ErrTokenInvalidNow, didtest.PersonaFrank, delegationtest.NominalCommand, emptyArguments, delegationtest.ProofAliceBobCarolDanErinFrank_InvalidInactive)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("fails - last (or only) delegation not root", func(t *testing.T) {
-		t.Parallel()
-
-		prf := []cid.Cid{delegationtest.TokenErinFrankCID, delegationtest.TokenDanErinCID, delegationtest.TokenCarolDanCID}
-		testFails(t, invocation.ErrLastNotRoot, didtest.PersonaFrank, delegationtest.NominalCommand, emptyArguments, prf)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("fails - broken chain", func(t *testing.T) {
-		t.Parallel()
-
-		prf := []cid.Cid{delegationtest.TokenCarolDanCID, delegationtest.TokenAliceBobCID}
-		testFails(t, invocation.ErrBrokenChain, didtest.PersonaFrank, delegationtest.NominalCommand, emptyArguments, prf)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("fails - first not issued to invoker", func(t *testing.T) {
-		t.Parallel()
-
-		prf := []cid.Cid{delegationtest.TokenBobCarolCID, delegationtest.TokenAliceBobCID}
-		testFails(t, invocation.ErrBrokenChain, didtest.PersonaFrank, delegationtest.NominalCommand, emptyArguments, prf)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("fails - proof chain expands command", func(t *testing.T) {
-		t.Parallel()
-
-		testFails(t, invocation.ErrCommandNotCovered, didtest.PersonaFrank, delegationtest.NominalCommand, emptyArguments, delegationtest.ProofAliceBobCarolDanErinFrank_InvalidExpandedCommand)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("fails - invocation expands command", func(t *testing.T) {
-		t.Parallel()
-
-		testFails(t, invocation.ErrCommandNotCovered, didtest.PersonaFrank, delegationtest.ExpandedCommand, emptyArguments, delegationtest.ProofAliceBobCarolDanErinFrank)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("fails - inconsistent subject", func(t *testing.T) {
-		t.Parallel()
-
-		testFails(t, invocation.ErrWrongSub, didtest.PersonaFrank, delegationtest.ExpandedCommand, emptyArguments, delegationtest.ProofAliceBobCarolDanErinFrank_InvalidSubject)
-	})
-}
-
-func test(t *testing.T, persona didtest.Persona, cmd command.Command, args *args.Args, prf []cid.Cid, opts ...invocation.Option) error {
-	t.Helper()
-
-	// TODO: use the args and add minimal test to check that they are verified against the policy
-
-	tkn, err := invocation.New(persona.DID(), didtest.PersonaAlice.DID(), cmd, prf, opts...)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	return tkn.ExecutionAllowed(delegationtest.GetDelegationLoader())
-}
-
-func testFails(t *testing.T, expErr error, persona didtest.Persona, cmd command.Command, args *args.Args, prf []cid.Cid, opts ...invocation.Option) {
-	err := test(t, persona, cmd, args, prf, opts...)
-	require.ErrorIs(t, err, expErr)
-}
-
-func testPasses(t *testing.T, persona didtest.Persona, cmd command.Command, args *args.Args, prf []cid.Cid, opts ...invocation.Option) {
-	err := test(t, persona, cmd, args, prf, opts...)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-}
--- a/token/invocation/ipld.go
+++ b/token/invocation/ipld.go
@@ -1,245 +0,0 @@
-package invocation
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"io"
-
-	"github.com/ipfs/go-cid"
-	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime"
-	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/codec"
-	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/codec/dagcbor"
-	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/codec/dagjson"
-	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/datamodel"
-	"github.com/libp2p/go-libp2p/core/crypto"
-
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/did"
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/token/internal/envelope"
-)
-
-// ToSealed wraps the invocation token in an envelope, generates the
-// signature, encodes the result to DAG-CBOR and calculates the CID of
-// the resulting binary data.
-func (t *Token) ToSealed(privKey crypto.PrivKey) ([]byte, cid.Cid, error) {
-	data, err := t.ToDagCbor(privKey)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, cid.Undef, err
-	}
-
-	id, err := envelope.CIDFromBytes(data)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, cid.Undef, err
-	}
-
-	return data, id, nil
-}
-
-// ToSealedWriter is the same as ToSealed but accepts an io.Writer.
-func (t *Token) ToSealedWriter(w io.Writer, privKey crypto.PrivKey) (cid.Cid, error) {
-	cidWriter := envelope.NewCIDWriter(w)
-
-	if err := t.ToDagCborWriter(cidWriter, privKey); err != nil {
-		return cid.Undef, err
-	}
-
-	return cidWriter.CID()
-}
-
-// FromSealed decodes the provided binary data from the DAG-CBOR format,
-// verifies that the envelope's signature is correct based on the public
-// key taken from the issuer (iss) field and calculates the CID of the
-// incoming data.
-func FromSealed(data []byte) (*Token, cid.Cid, error) {
-	tkn, err := FromDagCbor(data)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, cid.Undef, err
-	}
-
-	id, err := envelope.CIDFromBytes(data)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, cid.Undef, err
-	}
-
-	return tkn, id, nil
-}
-
-// FromSealedReader is the same as Unseal but accepts an io.Reader.
-func FromSealedReader(r io.Reader) (*Token, cid.Cid, error) {
-	cidReader := envelope.NewCIDReader(r)
-
-	tkn, err := FromDagCborReader(cidReader)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, cid.Undef, err
-	}
-
-	id, err := cidReader.CID()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, cid.Undef, err
-	}
-
-	return tkn, id, nil
-}
-
-// Encode marshals a Token to the format specified by the provided
-// codec.Encoder.
-func (t *Token) Encode(privKey crypto.PrivKey, encFn codec.Encoder) ([]byte, error) {
-	node, err := t.toIPLD(privKey)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	return ipld.Encode(node, encFn)
-}
-
-// EncodeWriter is the same as Encode, but accepts an io.Writer.
-func (t *Token) EncodeWriter(w io.Writer, privKey crypto.PrivKey, encFn codec.Encoder) error {
-	node, err := t.toIPLD(privKey)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	return ipld.EncodeStreaming(w, node, encFn)
-}
-
-// ToDagCbor marshals the Token to the DAG-CBOR format.
-func (t *Token) ToDagCbor(privKey crypto.PrivKey) ([]byte, error) {
-	return t.Encode(privKey, dagcbor.Encode)
-}
-
-// ToDagCborWriter is the same as ToDagCbor, but it accepts an io.Writer.
-func (t *Token) ToDagCborWriter(w io.Writer, privKey crypto.PrivKey) error {
-	return t.EncodeWriter(w, privKey, dagcbor.Encode)
-}
-
-// ToDagJson marshals the Token to the DAG-JSON format.
-func (t *Token) ToDagJson(privKey crypto.PrivKey) ([]byte, error) {
-	return t.Encode(privKey, dagjson.Encode)
-}
-
-// ToDagJsonWriter is the same as ToDagJson, but it accepts an io.Writer.
-func (t *Token) ToDagJsonWriter(w io.Writer, privKey crypto.PrivKey) error {
-	return t.EncodeWriter(w, privKey, dagjson.Encode)
-}
-
-// Decode unmarshals the input data using the format specified by the
-// provided codec.Decoder into a Token.
-//
-// An error is returned if the conversion fails, or if the resulting
-// Token is invalid.
-func Decode(b []byte, decFn codec.Decoder) (*Token, error) {
-	node, err := ipld.Decode(b, decFn)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	return FromIPLD(node)
-}
-
-// DecodeReader is the same as Decode, but accept an io.Reader.
-func DecodeReader(r io.Reader, decFn codec.Decoder) (*Token, error) {
-	node, err := ipld.DecodeStreaming(r, decFn)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	return FromIPLD(node)
-}
-
-// FromDagCbor unmarshals the input data into a Token.
-//
-// An error is returned if the conversion fails, or if the resulting
-// Token is invalid.
-func FromDagCbor(data []byte) (*Token, error) {
-	pay, err := envelope.FromDagCbor[*tokenPayloadModel](data)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	tkn, err := tokenFromModel(*pay)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	return tkn, err
-}
-
-// FromDagCborReader is the same as FromDagCbor, but accept an io.Reader.
-func FromDagCborReader(r io.Reader) (*Token, error) {
-	return DecodeReader(r, dagcbor.Decode)
-}
-
-// FromDagJson unmarshals the input data into a Token.
-//
-// An error is returned if the conversion fails, or if the resulting
-// Token is invalid.
-func FromDagJson(data []byte) (*Token, error) {
-	return Decode(data, dagjson.Decode)
-}
-
-// FromDagJsonReader is the same as FromDagJson, but accept an io.Reader.
-func FromDagJsonReader(r io.Reader) (*Token, error) {
-	return DecodeReader(r, dagjson.Decode)
-}
-
-// FromIPLD decode the given IPLD representation into a Token.
-func FromIPLD(node datamodel.Node) (*Token, error) {
-	pay, err := envelope.FromIPLD[*tokenPayloadModel](node)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	tkn, err := tokenFromModel(*pay)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	return tkn, err
-}
-
-func (t *Token) toIPLD(privKey crypto.PrivKey) (datamodel.Node, error) {
-	// sanity check that privKey and issuer are matching
-	issPub, err := t.issuer.PubKey()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	if !issPub.Equals(privKey.GetPublic()) {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("private key doesn't match the issuer")
-	}
-
-	var aud *string
-
-	if t.audience != did.Undef {
-		a := t.audience.String()
-		aud = &a
-	}
-
-	var exp *int64
-	if t.expiration != nil {
-		u := t.expiration.Unix()
-		exp = &u
-	}
-
-	var iat *int64
-	if t.invokedAt != nil {
-		i := t.invokedAt.Unix()
-		iat = &i
-	}
-
-	model := &tokenPayloadModel{
-		Iss:   t.issuer.String(),
-		Aud:   aud,
-		Sub:   t.subject.String(),
-		Cmd:   t.command.String(),
-		Args:  t.arguments,
-		Prf:   t.proof,
-		Meta:  t.meta,
-		Nonce: t.nonce,
-		Exp:   exp,
-		Iat:   iat,
-		Cause: t.cause,
-	}
-
-	// seems like it's a requirement to have a null meta if there are no values?
-	if len(model.Meta.Keys) == 0 {
-		model.Meta = nil
-	}
-
-	return envelope.ToIPLD(privKey, model)
-}
--- a/token/invocation/ipld_test.go
+++ b/token/invocation/ipld_test.go
@@ -1,38 +0,0 @@
-package invocation_test
-
-import (
-	"testing"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
-
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/token/invocation"
-)
-
-func TestSealUnsealRoundtrip(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	privKey, iss, sub, cmd, args, prf, meta, err := setupExampleNew()
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	tkn1, err := invocation.New(iss, sub, cmd, prf,
-		invocation.WithArgument("uri", args["uri"]),
-		invocation.WithArgument("headers", args["headers"]),
-		invocation.WithArgument("payload", args["payload"]),
-		invocation.WithMeta("env", "development"),
-		invocation.WithMeta("tags", meta["tags"]),
-		invocation.WithExpirationIn(time.Minute),
-		invocation.WithoutInvokedAt(),
-	)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	data, cid1, err := tkn1.ToSealed(privKey)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	tkn2, cid2, err := invocation.FromSealed(data)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	assert.Equal(t, cid1, cid2)
-	assert.Equal(t, tkn1, tkn2)
-}
--- a/token/invocation/options.go
+++ b/token/invocation/options.go
@@ -1,141 +0,0 @@
-package invocation
-
-import (
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/ipfs/go-cid"
-
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/did"
-)
-
-// Option is a type that allows optional fields to be set during the
-// creation of an invocation Token.
-type Option func(*Token) error
-
-// WithArgument adds a key/value pair to the Token's Arguments field.
-func WithArgument(key string, val any) Option {
-	return func(t *Token) error {
-		return t.arguments.Add(key, val)
-	}
-}
-
-// WithAudience sets the Token's audience to the provided did.DID.
-//
-// If the provided did.DID is the same as the Token's subject, the
-// audience is not set.
-func WithAudience(aud did.DID) Option {
-	return func(t *Token) error {
-		if t.subject.String() != aud.String() {
-			t.audience = aud
-		}
-
-		return nil
-	}
-}
-
-// WithMeta adds a key/value pair in the "meta" field.
-//
-// WithMeta can be used multiple times in the same call.
-// Accepted types for the value are: bool, string, int, int32, int64, []byte,
-// and ipld.Node.
-func WithMeta(key string, val any) Option {
-	return func(t *Token) error {
-		return t.meta.Add(key, val)
-	}
-}
-
-// WithEncryptedMetaString adds a key/value pair in the "meta" field.
-// The string value is encrypted with the given aesKey.
-func WithEncryptedMetaString(key, val string, encryptionKey []byte) Option {
-	return func(t *Token) error {
-		return t.meta.AddEncrypted(key, val, encryptionKey)
-	}
-}
-
-// WithEncryptedMetaBytes adds a key/value pair in the "meta" field.
-// The []byte value is encrypted with the given aesKey.
-func WithEncryptedMetaBytes(key string, val, encryptionKey []byte) Option {
-	return func(t *Token) error {
-		return t.meta.AddEncrypted(key, val, encryptionKey)
-	}
-}
-
-// WithNonce sets the Token's nonce with the given value.
-//
-// If this option is not used, a random 12-byte nonce is generated for
-// this required field.  If you truly want to create an invocation Token
-// without a nonce, use the WithEmptyNonce Option which will set the
-// nonce to an empty byte array.
-func WithNonce(nonce []byte) Option {
-	return func(t *Token) error {
-		t.nonce = nonce
-
-		return nil
-	}
-}
-
-// WithEmptyNonce sets the Token's nonce to an empty byte slice as
-// suggested by the UCAN spec for invocation tokens that represent
-// idempotent operations.
-func WithEmptyNonce() Option {
-	return func(t *Token) error {
-		t.nonce = []byte{}
-
-		return nil
-	}
-}
-
-// WithExpiration set's the Token's optional "expiration" field to the
-// value of the provided time.Time.
-func WithExpiration(exp time.Time) Option {
-	return func(t *Token) error {
-		exp = exp.Round(time.Second)
-		t.expiration = &exp
-
-		return nil
-	}
-}
-
-// WithExpirationIn set's the Token's optional "expiration" field to
-// Now() plus the given duration.
-func WithExpirationIn(after time.Duration) Option {
-	return WithExpiration(time.Now().Add(after))
-}
-
-// WithInvokedAt sets the Token's invokedAt field to the provided
-// time.Time.
-//
-// If this Option is not provided, the invocation Token's iat field will
-// be set to the value of time.Now().  If you want to create an invocation
-// Token without this field being set, use the WithoutInvokedAt Option.
-func WithInvokedAt(iat time.Time) Option {
-	return func(t *Token) error {
-		t.invokedAt = &iat
-
-		return nil
-	}
-}
-
-// WithInvokedAtIn sets the Token's invokedAt field to Now() plus the
-// given duration.
-func WithInvokedAtIn(after time.Duration) Option {
-	return WithInvokedAt(time.Now().Add(after))
-}
-
-// WithoutInvokedAt clears the Token's invokedAt field.
-func WithoutInvokedAt() Option {
-	return func(t *Token) error {
-		t.invokedAt = nil
-
-		return nil
-	}
-}
-
-// WithCause sets the Token's cause field to the provided cid.Cid.
-func WithCause(cause *cid.Cid) Option {
-	return func(t *Token) error {
-		t.cause = cause
-
-		return nil
-	}
-}
--- a/token/invocation/proof.go
+++ b/token/invocation/proof.go
@@ -1,141 +0,0 @@
-package invocation
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/pkg/args"
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/pkg/policy"
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/token/delegation"
-)
-
-// # Invocation token validation
-//
-// Per the specification, invocation Tokens must be validated before the command is executed.
-// This validation effectively happens in multiple places in the codebase.
-// Steps 1 and 2 are the same for all token types.
-//
-//  1. When a token is read/unsealed from its containing envelope (`envelope` package):
-//     a. The envelope can be decoded.
-//     b. The envelope contains a Signature, VarsigHeader and Payload.
-//     c. The Payload contains an iss field that contains a valid `did:key`.
-//     d. The public key can be extracted from the `did:key`.
-//     e. The public key type is supported by go-ucan.
-//     f. The Signature can be decoded per the VarsigHeader.
-//     g. The SigPayload can be verified using the Signature and public key.
-//     h. The field key of the TokenPayload matches the expected tag.
-//
-//  2. When the token is created or passes step one (token constructor or decoder):
-//     a. All required fields are present
-//     b. All populated fields respect their own rules (example: a policy is legal)
-//
-//  3. When an unsealed invocation passes steps one and two for execution (verifyTimeBound below):
-//     a. The invocation cannot be expired (expiration in the future or absent).
-//     b. All the delegation must not be expired (expiration in the future or absent).
-//     c. All the delegation must be active (nbf in the past or absent).
-//
-//  4. When the proof chain is being validated (verifyProofs below):
-//     a. There must be at least one delegation in the proof chain.
-//     b. All referenced delegations must be available.
-//     c. The first proof must be issued to the Invoker (audience DID).
-//     d. The Issuer of each delegation must be the Audience in the next one.
-//     e. The last token must be a root delegation.
-//     f. The Subject of each delegation must equal the invocation's Audience field.
-//     g. The command of each delegation must "allow" the one before it.
-//
-//  5. If steps 1-4 pass:
-//     a. The policy must "match" the arguments. (verifyArgs below)
-//     b. The nonce (if present) is not reused. (out of scope for go-ucan)
-
-// verifyProofs controls that the proof chain allows the invocation:
-// - principal alignment
-// - command alignment
-func (t *Token) verifyProofs(delegations []*delegation.Token) error {
-	// There must be at least one delegation referenced - 4a
-	if len(delegations) < 1 {
-		return ErrNoProof
-	}
-
-	cmd := t.command
-	iss := t.issuer
-	aud := t.audience
-	if !aud.Defined() {
-		aud = t.subject
-	}
-
-	// control from the invocation to the root
-	for i, dlgCid := range t.proof {
-		dlg := delegations[i]
-
-		// The Subject of each delegation must equal the invocation's Audience field. - 4f
-		if dlg.Subject() != aud {
-			return fmt.Errorf("%w: delegation %s, expected %s, got %s", ErrWrongSub, dlgCid, aud, dlg.Subject())
-		}
-
-		// The first proof must be issued to the Invoker (audience DID). - 4c
-		// The Issuer of each delegation must be the Audience in the next one. - 4d
-		if dlg.Audience() != iss {
-			return fmt.Errorf("%w: delegation %s, expected %s, got %s", ErrBrokenChain, dlgCid, iss, dlg.Audience())
-		}
-		iss = dlg.Issuer()
-
-		// The command of each delegation must "allow" the one before it. - 4g
-		if !dlg.Command().Covers(cmd) {
-			return fmt.Errorf("%w: delegation %s, %s doesn't cover %s", ErrCommandNotCovered, dlgCid, dlg.Command(), cmd)
-		}
-		cmd = dlg.Command()
-	}
-
-	// The last prf value must be a root delegation (have the issuer field match the Subject field) - 4e
-	if last := delegations[len(delegations)-1]; last.Issuer() != last.Subject() {
-		return fmt.Errorf("%w: expected %s, got %s", ErrLastNotRoot, last.Subject(), last.Issuer())
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (t *Token) verifyTimeBound(dlgs []*delegation.Token) error {
-	return t.verifyTimeBoundAt(time.Now(), dlgs)
-}
-
-func (t *Token) verifyTimeBoundAt(at time.Time, delegations []*delegation.Token) error {
-	// The invocation cannot be expired (expiration in the future or absent). - 3a
-	if !t.IsValidAt(at) {
-		return fmt.Errorf("%w: invocation", ErrTokenInvalidNow)
-	}
-
-	for i, dlgCid := range t.proof {
-		dlg := delegations[i]
-
-		// All the delegation must not be expired (expiration in the future or absent). - 3b
-		// All the delegation must be active (nbf in the past or absent). - 3c
-		if !dlg.IsValidAt(at) {
-			return fmt.Errorf("%w: delegation %s", ErrTokenInvalidNow, dlgCid)
-		}
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (t *Token) verifyArgs(delegations []*delegation.Token, arguments *args.Args) error {
-	var count int
-	for i := range t.proof {
-		count += len(delegations[i].Policy())
-	}
-
-	policies := make(policy.Policy, 0, count)
-	for i := range t.proof {
-		policies = append(policies, delegations[i].Policy()...)
-	}
-
-	argsIpld, err := arguments.ToIPLD()
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	ok, statement := policies.Match(argsIpld)
-	if !ok {
-		return fmt.Errorf("the following UCAN policy is not satisfied: %v", statement.String())
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
Fabio Bozzo	bfd5f00618	Merge branch 'v1' into v1-policy-subset-selection	2024-09-24 19:41:39 +02:00
Fabio Bozzo	d66b8e40ec	versatile segments matchers	2024-09-24 19:36:01 +02:00
Fabio Bozzo	18820f5e9d	refactor policy.Match as receiver	2024-09-24 11:36:31 +02:00
Fabio Bozzo	ddaa67ed7d	feat(policy): filter statements subset by selector	2024-09-24 11:33:06 +02:00
				`@@ -1 +0,0 @@`
				[{"/":{"bytes":"BBabgnWqd+cjwG1td0w9BudNocmUwoR89RMZTqZHk3osCXEI/bOkko0zTvlusaE4EMBBeSzZDKzjvunLBfdiBg"}},{"h":{"/":{"bytes":"NO0BcQ"}},"ucan/dlg@1.0.0-rc.1":{"aud":"did:key:z6MkvJPmEZZYbgiw1ouT1oouTsTFBHJSts9ophVsNgcRmYxU","cmd":"/foo/bar","exp":7258118400,"iss":"did:key:z6Mkuukk2skDXLQn7NK3Eh9jMndYfvDBxxktgpidJAqb7M3p","meta":{"bar":"barr","foo":"fooo"},"nonce":{"/":{"bytes":"NnJvRGhHaTBraU5yaVFBejdKM2QrYk9lb0kvdGo4RU5pa21RTmJ0am5EMA"}},"pol":[["==",".status","draft"],["all",".reviewer",["like",".email","*@example.com"]],["any",".tags",["or",[["==",".","news"],["==",".","press"]]]]],"sub":"did:key:z6Mkuukk2skDXLQn7NK3Eh9jMndYfvDBxxktgpidJAqb7M3p"}}]