fix(selector): tokenize utf-8 support

2024-10-22 11:12:42 +02:00
98 changed files with 1804 additions and 7466 deletions
--- a/.github/workflows/gotest.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/gotest.yml
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ jobs:
      fail-fast: false
      matrix:
        os: [ "ubuntu" ]
-        go: [ "1.22.x", "1.23.x", ]
+        go: [ "1.21.x", "1.22.x", "1.23.x", ]
    env:
      COVERAGES: ""
    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}-latest
@@ -22,6 +22,6 @@ jobs:
          go version
          go env
      - name: Run tests
-        run: go test -v ./... -tags jwx_es256k
+        run: go test -v ./...
      - name: Check formatted
        run: gofmt -l .
--- a/LICENSE.md
+++ b/LICENSE.md
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ Verbatim copies of both licenses are included below:
 ```
                                 Apache License
                           Version 2.0, January 2004
-                        https://www.apache.org/licenses/
+                        http://www.apache.org/licenses/

   TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION

--- a/Readme.md
+++ b/Readme.md
@@ -1,77 +0,0 @@
-<div align="center">
-  <a href="https://github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan" target="_blank">
-    <img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/v1/assets/logo.png" alt="go-ucan Logo" height="250"></img>
-  </a>
-
-  <h1 align="center">go-ucan</h1>
-
-  <p>
-    <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/UCAN-v1.0.0--rc.1-blue" alt="UCAN v1.0.0-rc.1">
-    <a href="https://github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/tags">
-        <img alt="GitHub Tag" src="https://img.shields.io/github/v/tag/ucan-wg/go-ucan">
-    </a>
-    <a href="https://github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/actions?query=">
-      <img src="https://github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/actions/workflows/gotest.yml/badge.svg" alt="Build Status">
-    </a>
-    <a href="https://ucan-wg.github.io/go-ucan/dev/bench/">
-        <img alt="Go benchmarks" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Benchmarks-go-blue">
-    </a>
-    <a href="https://github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/blob/v1/LICENSE.md">
-        <img alt="Apache 2.0 + MIT License" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/License-Apache--2.0+MIT-green">
-    </a>
-    <a href="https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan">
-      <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Docs-godoc-blue" alt="Docs">
-    </a>
-    <a href="https://discord.gg/JSyFG6XgVM">
-      <img src="https://img.shields.io/static/v1?label=Discord&message=join%20us!&color=mediumslateblue" alt="Discord">
-    </a>
-  </p>
-</div>
-
-This is a go library to help the next generation of web and decentralized applications make use
-of UCANs in their authorization flows.
-
-User Controlled Authorization Networks (UCANs) are a way of doing authorization where users are fully in control. OAuth is designed for a centralized world, UCAN is the distributed user controlled version.
-
-## Resources
-
-### Specifications
-
-The UCAN specification is separated in multiple sub-spec:
- [Main specification](https://github.com/ucan-wg/spec)
- [Delegation](https://github.com/ucan-wg/delegation/tree/v1_ipld)
- [Invocation](https://github.com/ucan-wg/invocation)
-
-Not implemented yet:
- [Revocation](https://github.com/ucan-wg/revocation/tree/first-draft)
- [Promise](https://github.com/ucan-wg/promise/tree/v1-rc1)
-
-### Talks
-
- [Decentralizing Auth, and UCAN Too - Brooklyn Zelenka (2023)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MuHfrqw9gQA)
- [What's New in UCAN 1.0 - Brooklyn Zelenka (2024)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-uohQzZcwF4)
-
-## Status
-
-`go-ucan` currently support the required parts of the UCAN specification: the main specification, delegation and invocation.
-
-Besides that, `go-ucan` also includes:
- a simplified [DID](https://www.w3.org/TR/did-core/) and [did-key](https://w3c-ccg.github.io/did-method-key/) implementation
- a [token container](https://github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/tree/v1/pkg/container) with CBOR and CAR format, to package and carry tokens together
- support for encrypted values in token's metadata
-
-## Getting Help
-
-For usage questions, usecases, or issues reach out to us in our `go-ucan`
-[Discord channel](https://discord.gg/3EHEQ6M8BC).
-
-We would be happy to try to answer your question or try opening a new issue on
-Github.
-
-## UCAN Gopher
-
-Artwork by [Bruno Monts](https://www.instagram.com/bruno_monts). Thank you [Renee French](http://reneefrench.blogspot.com/) for creating the [Go Gopher](https://blog.golang.org/gopher)
-
-## License
-
-This project is licensed under the double license [Apache 2.0 + MIT](https://github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/blob/v1/LICENSE.md).
--- a/assets/logo.png
+++ b/assets/logo.png
--- a/did/README.md
+++ b/did/README.md
@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-## did
-
-### Testing
-
-The test suite for this package includes test vectors provided by the
-authors of the [`did:key` method specification](https://w3c-ccg.github.io/did-method-key/).
-Some of these tests provide the public key associated with a `did:key`
-as JWKs and an extra (test-only) dependency has been added to unmarshal
-the JWK into a Go `struct`.  Support for the `secp256k1` encryption
-algorithm is experimental (but stable in my experience) and requires the
-addition of the following build tag to properly run:
-
-```
-// go:build jwx_es256k
-```
-
-WARNING: These tests will not run by default!
-
-To include these tests from the CLI, execute the following command:
-
-```
-go test -v ./did -tags jwx_es256k
-```
-
-It should also be possible to configure your IDE to run these tests.  For
-instance, in Codium, add the following JSON snippet to your local project
-configuration:
-
-```
-"go.testTags": "jwx_es256k",
-```
--- a/did/crypto.go
+++ b/did/crypto.go
@@ -1,171 +1,43 @@
 package did

 import (
-	"crypto/ecdsa"
-	"crypto/elliptic"
-	"crypto/rand"
-	"crypto/rsa"
-	"crypto/x509"
 	"errors"
-	"fmt"

-	"github.com/decred/dcrd/dcrec/secp256k1/v4"
 	crypto "github.com/libp2p/go-libp2p/core/crypto"
 	"github.com/libp2p/go-libp2p/core/crypto/pb"
 	"github.com/multiformats/go-multicodec"
 	"github.com/multiformats/go-varint"
 )

-// GenerateEd25519 generates an Ed25519 private key and the matching DID.
-// This is the RECOMMENDED algorithm.
-func GenerateEd25519() (crypto.PrivKey, DID, error) {
-	priv, pub, err := crypto.GenerateEd25519Key(rand.Reader)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, Undef, nil
-	}
-	did, err := FromPubKey(pub)
-	return priv, did, err
-}
-
-// GenerateRSA generates a RSA private key and the matching DID.
-func GenerateRSA() (crypto.PrivKey, DID, error) {
-	// NIST Special Publication 800-57 Part 1 Revision 5
-	// Section 5.6.1.1 (Table 2)
-	// Paraphrased: 2048-bit RSA keys are secure until 2030 and 3072-bit keys are recommended for longer-term security.
-	const keyLength = 3072
-
-	priv, pub, err := crypto.GenerateRSAKeyPair(keyLength, rand.Reader)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, Undef, nil
-	}
-	did, err := FromPubKey(pub)
-	return priv, did, err
-}
-
-// GenerateEd25519 generates a Secp256k1 private key and the matching DID.
-func GenerateSecp256k1() (crypto.PrivKey, DID, error) {
-	priv, pub, err := crypto.GenerateSecp256k1Key(rand.Reader)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, Undef, nil
-	}
-	did, err := FromPubKey(pub)
-	return priv, did, err
-}
-
-// GenerateECDSA generates an ECDSA private key and the matching DID
-// for the default P256 curve.
-func GenerateECDSA() (crypto.PrivKey, DID, error) {
-	return GenerateECDSAWithCurve(P256)
-}
-
-// GenerateECDSAWithCurve generates an ECDSA private key and matching
-// DID for the user-supplied curve
-func GenerateECDSAWithCurve(code multicodec.Code) (crypto.PrivKey, DID, error) {
-	var curve elliptic.Curve
-
-	switch code {
-	case P256:
-		curve = elliptic.P256()
-	case P384:
-		curve = elliptic.P384()
-	case P521:
-		curve = elliptic.P521()
-	default:
-		return nil, Undef, errors.New("unsupported ECDSA curve")
-	}
-
-	priv, pub, err := crypto.GenerateECDSAKeyPairWithCurve(curve, rand.Reader)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, Undef, err
-	}
-
-	did, err := FromPubKey(pub)
-
-	return priv, did, err
-}
-
-// FromPrivKey is a convenience function that returns the DID associated
-// with the public key associated with the provided private key.
 func FromPrivKey(privKey crypto.PrivKey) (DID, error) {
 	return FromPubKey(privKey.GetPublic())
 }

-// FromPubKey returns a did:key constructed from the provided public key.
 func FromPubKey(pubKey crypto.PubKey) (DID, error) {
-	var code multicodec.Code
-
-	switch pubKey.Type() {
-	case pb.KeyType_Ed25519:
-		code = multicodec.Ed25519Pub
-	case pb.KeyType_RSA:
-		code = RSA
-	case pb.KeyType_Secp256k1:
-		code = Secp256k1
-	case pb.KeyType_ECDSA:
-		var err error
-		if code, err = codeForCurve(pubKey); err != nil {
-			return Undef, err
-		}
-	default:
-		return Undef, errors.New("unsupported key type")
+	code, ok := map[pb.KeyType]multicodec.Code{
+		pb.KeyType_Ed25519:   multicodec.Ed25519Pub,
+		pb.KeyType_RSA:       multicodec.RsaPub,
+		pb.KeyType_Secp256k1: multicodec.Secp256k1Pub,
+		pb.KeyType_ECDSA:     multicodec.Es256,
+	}[pubKey.Type()]
+	if !ok {
+		return Undef, errors.New("Blah")
 	}

-	if pubKey.Type() == pb.KeyType_ECDSA && code == Secp256k1 {
-		var err error
+	buf := varint.ToUvarint(uint64(code))

-		pubKey, err = coerceECDSAToSecp256k1(pubKey)
-		if err != nil {
-			return Undef, err
-		}
-	}
-
-	var bytes []byte
-
-	switch pubKey.Type() {
-	case pb.KeyType_ECDSA:
-		pkix, err := pubKey.Raw()
-		if err != nil {
-			return Undef, err
-		}
-
-		publicKey, err := x509.ParsePKIXPublicKey(pkix)
-		if err != nil {
-			return Undef, err
-		}
-
-		ecdsaPublicKey := publicKey.(*ecdsa.PublicKey)
-
-		bytes = elliptic.MarshalCompressed(ecdsaPublicKey.Curve, ecdsaPublicKey.X, ecdsaPublicKey.Y)
-	case pb.KeyType_Ed25519, pb.KeyType_Secp256k1:
-		var err error
-
-		if bytes, err = pubKey.Raw(); err != nil {
-			return Undef, err
-		}
-	case pb.KeyType_RSA:
-		var err error
-
-		pkix, err := pubKey.Raw()
-		if err != nil {
-			return Undef, err
-		}
-
-		publicKey, err := x509.ParsePKIXPublicKey(pkix)
-		if err != nil {
-			return Undef, err
-		}
-
-		bytes = x509.MarshalPKCS1PublicKey(publicKey.(*rsa.PublicKey))
+	pubBytes, err := pubKey.Raw()
+	if err != nil {
+		return Undef, err
 	}

 	return DID{
-		code:  code,
-		bytes: string(append(varint.ToUvarint(uint64(code)), bytes...)),
+		str:  string(append(buf, pubBytes...)),
+		code: uint64(code),
+		key:  true,
 	}, nil
 }

-// ToPubKey returns the crypto.PubKey encapsulated in the DID formed by
-// parsing the provided string.
 func ToPubKey(s string) (crypto.PubKey, error) {
 	id, err := Parse(s)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -174,58 +46,3 @@ func ToPubKey(s string) (crypto.PubKey, error) {

 	return id.PubKey()
 }
-
-func codeForCurve(pubKey crypto.PubKey) (multicodec.Code, error) {
-	stdPub, err := crypto.PubKeyToStdKey(pubKey)
-	if err != nil {
-		return multicodec.Identity, err
-	}
-
-	ecdsaPub, ok := stdPub.(*ecdsa.PublicKey)
-	if !ok {
-		return multicodec.Identity, errors.New("failed to assert type for code to curve")
-	}
-
-	switch ecdsaPub.Curve {
-	case elliptic.P256():
-		return P256, nil
-	case elliptic.P384():
-		return P384, nil
-	case elliptic.P521():
-		return P521, nil
-	case secp256k1.S256():
-		return Secp256k1, nil
-	default:
-		return multicodec.Identity, fmt.Errorf("unsupported ECDSA curve: %s", ecdsaPub.Curve.Params().Name)
-	}
-}
-
-// secp256k1.S256 is a valid ECDSA curve, but the go-libp2p/core/crypto
-// package treats it as a different type and has a different format for
-// the raw bytes of the public key.
-//
-// If a valid ECDSA public key was created using the secp256k1.S256 curve,
-// this function will "convert" it from a crypto.ECDSAPubKey to a
-// crypto.Secp256k1PublicKey.
-func coerceECDSAToSecp256k1(pubKey crypto.PubKey) (crypto.PubKey, error) {
-	stdPub, err := crypto.PubKeyToStdKey(pubKey)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	ecdsaPub, ok := stdPub.(*ecdsa.PublicKey)
-	if !ok {
-		return nil, errors.New("failed to assert type for secp256k1 coersion")
-	}
-
-	ecdsaPubBytes := append([]byte{0x04}, append(ecdsaPub.X.Bytes(), ecdsaPub.Y.Bytes()...)...)
-
-	secp256k1Pub, err := secp256k1.ParsePubKey(ecdsaPubBytes)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	cryptoPub := crypto.Secp256k1PublicKey(*secp256k1Pub)
-
-	return &cryptoPub, nil
-}
--- a/did/crypto_test.go
+++ b/did/crypto_test.go
@@ -1,17 +1,10 @@
 package did_test

 import (
-	"crypto/elliptic"
-	"crypto/rand"
 	"testing"

-	"github.com/decred/dcrd/dcrec/secp256k1/v4"
 	"github.com/libp2p/go-libp2p/core/crypto"
-	"github.com/libp2p/go-libp2p/core/crypto/pb"
-	"github.com/multiformats/go-multicodec"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
-
 	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/did"
 )

@@ -23,59 +16,9 @@ const (
 func TestFromPubKey(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()

-	_, ecdsaP256, err := crypto.GenerateECDSAKeyPairWithCurve(elliptic.P256(), rand.Reader)
+	id, err := did.FromPubKey(examplePubKey(t))
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	_, ecdsaP384, err := crypto.GenerateECDSAKeyPairWithCurve(elliptic.P384(), rand.Reader)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	_, ecdsaP521, err := crypto.GenerateECDSAKeyPairWithCurve(elliptic.P521(), rand.Reader)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	_, ecdsaSecp256k1, err := crypto.GenerateECDSAKeyPairWithCurve(secp256k1.S256(), rand.Reader)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	_, ed25519, err := crypto.GenerateEd25519Key(rand.Reader)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	_, rsa, err := crypto.GenerateRSAKeyPair(2048, rand.Reader)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	_, secp256k1PubKey1, err := crypto.GenerateSecp256k1Key(rand.Reader)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	test := func(pub crypto.PubKey, code multicodec.Code) func(t *testing.T) {
-		t.Helper()
-
-		return func(t *testing.T) {
-			t.Parallel()
-
-			id, err := did.FromPubKey(pub)
-			require.NoError(t, err)
-			p, err := id.PubKey()
-			require.NoError(t, err)
-			assert.Equal(t, pub, p)
-		}
-	}
-
-	t.Run("ECDSA with P256 curve", test(ecdsaP256, did.P256))
-	t.Run("ECDSA with P384 curve", test(ecdsaP384, did.P384))
-	t.Run("ECDSA with P521 curve", test(ecdsaP521, did.P521))
-	t.Run("Ed25519", test(ed25519, did.Ed25519))
-	t.Run("RSA", test(rsa, did.RSA))
-	t.Run("secp256k1", test(secp256k1PubKey1, did.Secp256k1))
-
-	t.Run("ECDSA with secp256k1 curve (coerced)", func(t *testing.T) {
-		t.Parallel()
-
-		id, err := did.FromPubKey(ecdsaSecp256k1)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		p, err := id.PubKey()
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.Equal(t, pb.KeyType_Secp256k1, p.Type())
-	})
-
-	t.Run("unmarshaled example key (secp256k1)", func(t *testing.T) {
-		t.Parallel()
-
-		id, err := did.FromPubKey(examplePubKey(t))
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.Equal(t, exampleDID(t), id)
-	})
+	require.Equal(t, exampleDID(t), id)
 }

 func TestToPubKey(t *testing.T) {
--- a/did/did.go
+++ b/did/did.go
@@ -1,9 +1,6 @@
 package did

 import (
-	"crypto/ecdsa"
-	"crypto/elliptic"
-	"crypto/x509"
 	"fmt"
 	"strings"

@@ -13,61 +10,113 @@ import (
 	varint "github.com/multiformats/go-varint"
 )

-// Signature algorithms from the [did:key specification]
+const Prefix = "did:"
+const KeyPrefix = "did:key:"
+
+const DIDCore = 0x0d1d
+const Ed25519 = 0xed
+const RSA = uint64(multicodec.RsaPub)
+
+var MethodOffset = varint.UvarintSize(uint64(DIDCore))
+
 //
-// [did:key specification]: https://w3c-ccg.github.io/did-method-key/#signature-method-creation-algorithm
-const (
-	X25519    = multicodec.X25519Pub
-	Ed25519   = multicodec.Ed25519Pub // UCAN required/recommended
-	P256      = multicodec.P256Pub    // UCAN required
-	P384      = multicodec.P384Pub
-	P521      = multicodec.P521Pub
-	Secp256k1 = multicodec.Secp256k1Pub // UCAN required
-	RSA       = multicodec.RsaPub
-)
+// [did:key format]: https://w3c-ccg.github.io/did-method-key/
+type DID struct {
+	key  bool
+	code uint64
+	str  string
+}

 // Undef can be used to represent a nil or undefined DID, using DID{}
 // directly is also acceptable.
 var Undef = DID{}

-// DID is a Decentralized Identifier of the did:key type, directly holding a cryptographic public key.
-// [did:key format]: https://w3c-ccg.github.io/did-method-key/
-type DID struct {
-	code  multicodec.Code
-	bytes string // as string instead of []byte to allow the == operator
+func (d DID) Defined() bool {
+	return d.str != ""
 }

-// Parse returns the DID from the string representation or an error if
-// the prefix and method are incorrect, if an unknown encryption algorithm
-// is specified or if the method-specific-identifier's bytes don't
-// represent a public key for the specified encryption algorithm.
-func Parse(str string) (DID, error) {
-	const keyPrefix = "did:key:"
+func (d DID) Bytes() []byte {
+	if !d.Defined() {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return []byte(d.str)
+}

-	if !strings.HasPrefix(str, keyPrefix) {
-		return Undef, fmt.Errorf("must start with 'did:key'")
+func (d DID) Code() uint64 {
+	return d.code
+}
+
+func (d DID) DID() DID {
+	return d
+}
+
+func (d DID) Key() bool {
+	return d.key
+}
+
+func (d DID) PubKey() (crypto.PubKey, error) {
+	if !d.key {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unsupported did type: %s", d.String())
 	}

-	baseCodec, bytes, err := mbase.Decode(str[len(keyPrefix):])
-	if err != nil {
-		return Undef, err
+	unmarshaler, ok := map[multicodec.Code]crypto.PubKeyUnmarshaller{
+		multicodec.Ed25519Pub:   crypto.UnmarshalEd25519PublicKey,
+		multicodec.RsaPub:       crypto.UnmarshalRsaPublicKey,
+		multicodec.Secp256k1Pub: crypto.UnmarshalSecp256k1PublicKey,
+		multicodec.Es256:        crypto.UnmarshalECDSAPublicKey,
+	}[multicodec.Code(d.code)]
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unsupported multicodec: %d", d.code)
 	}
-	if baseCodec != mbase.Base58BTC {
-		return Undef, fmt.Errorf("not Base58BTC encoded")
+
+	return unmarshaler(d.Bytes()[varint.UvarintSize(d.code):])
+}
+
+// String formats the decentralized identity document (DID) as a string.
+func (d DID) String() string {
+	if d.key {
+		key, _ := mbase.Encode(mbase.Base58BTC, []byte(d.str))
+		return "did:key:" + key
 	}
+	return "did:" + d.str[MethodOffset:]
+}
+
+func Decode(bytes []byte) (DID, error) {
 	code, _, err := varint.FromUvarint(bytes)
 	if err != nil {
 		return Undef, err
 	}
-	switch multicodec.Code(code) {
-	case Ed25519, P256, Secp256k1, RSA:
-		return DID{bytes: string(bytes), code: multicodec.Code(code)}, nil
-	default:
-		return Undef, fmt.Errorf("unsupported did:key multicodec: 0x%x", code)
+	if code == Ed25519 || code == RSA {
+		return DID{str: string(bytes), code: code, key: true}, nil
+	} else if code == DIDCore {
+		return DID{str: string(bytes)}, nil
 	}
+	return Undef, fmt.Errorf("unsupported DID encoding: 0x%x", code)
+}
+
+func Parse(str string) (DID, error) {
+	if !strings.HasPrefix(str, Prefix) {
+		return Undef, fmt.Errorf("must start with 'did:'")
+	}
+
+	if strings.HasPrefix(str, KeyPrefix) {
+		code, bytes, err := mbase.Decode(str[len(KeyPrefix):])
+		if err != nil {
+			return Undef, err
+		}
+		if code != mbase.Base58BTC {
+			return Undef, fmt.Errorf("not Base58BTC encoded")
+		}
+		return Decode(bytes)
+	}
+
+	buf := make([]byte, MethodOffset)
+	varint.PutUvarint(buf, DIDCore)
+	suffix, _ := strings.CutPrefix(str, Prefix)
+	buf = append(buf, suffix...)
+	return DID{str: string(buf), code: DIDCore}, nil
 }

-// MustParse is like Parse but panics instead of returning an error.
 func MustParse(str string) DID {
 	did, err := Parse(str)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -75,66 +124,3 @@ func MustParse(str string) DID {
 	}
 	return did
 }
-
-// Defined tells if the DID is defined, not equal to Undef.
-func (d DID) Defined() bool {
-	return d.code != 0 || len(d.bytes) > 0
-}
-
-// PubKey returns the public key encapsulated by the did:key.
-func (d DID) PubKey() (crypto.PubKey, error) {
-	unmarshaler, ok := map[multicodec.Code]crypto.PubKeyUnmarshaller{
-		X25519:    crypto.UnmarshalEd25519PublicKey,
-		Ed25519:   crypto.UnmarshalEd25519PublicKey,
-		P256:      ecdsaPubKeyUnmarshaler(elliptic.P256()),
-		P384:      ecdsaPubKeyUnmarshaler(elliptic.P384()),
-		P521:      ecdsaPubKeyUnmarshaler(elliptic.P521()),
-		Secp256k1: crypto.UnmarshalSecp256k1PublicKey,
-		RSA:       rsaPubKeyUnmarshaller,
-	}[d.code]
-	if !ok {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unsupported multicodec: %d", d.code)
-	}
-
-	codeSize := varint.UvarintSize(uint64(d.code))
-	return unmarshaler([]byte(d.bytes)[codeSize:])
-}
-
-// String formats the decentralized identity document (DID) as a string.
-func (d DID) String() string {
-	key, _ := mbase.Encode(mbase.Base58BTC, []byte(d.bytes))
-	return "did:key:" + key
-}
-
-func ecdsaPubKeyUnmarshaler(curve elliptic.Curve) crypto.PubKeyUnmarshaller {
-	return func(data []byte) (crypto.PubKey, error) {
-		x, y := elliptic.UnmarshalCompressed(curve, data)
-
-		ecdsaPublicKey := &ecdsa.PublicKey{
-			Curve: curve,
-			X:     x,
-			Y:     y,
-		}
-
-		pkix, err := x509.MarshalPKIXPublicKey(ecdsaPublicKey)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-
-		return crypto.UnmarshalECDSAPublicKey(pkix)
-	}
-}
-
-func rsaPubKeyUnmarshaller(data []byte) (crypto.PubKey, error) {
-	rsaPublicKey, err := x509.ParsePKCS1PublicKey(data)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	pkix, err := x509.MarshalPKIXPublicKey(rsaPublicKey)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	return crypto.UnmarshalRsaPublicKey(pkix)
-}
--- a/did/did_test.go
+++ b/did/did_test.go
@@ -9,8 +9,12 @@ import (
 func TestParseDIDKey(t *testing.T) {
 	str := "did:key:z6Mkod5Jr3yd5SC7UDueqK4dAAw5xYJYjksy722tA9Boxc4z"
 	d, err := Parse(str)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.Equal(t, str, d.String())
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("%v", err)
+	}
+	if d.String() != str {
+		t.Fatalf("expected %v to equal %v", d.String(), str)
+	}
 }

 func TestMustParseDIDKey(t *testing.T) {
@@ -25,17 +29,65 @@ func TestMustParseDIDKey(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 }

-func TestEquivalence(t *testing.T) {
-	undef0 := DID{}
-	undef1 := Undef
-
-	did0, err := Parse("did:key:z6Mkod5Jr3yd5SC7UDueqK4dAAw5xYJYjksy722tA9Boxc4z")
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	did1, err := Parse("did:key:z6Mkod5Jr3yd5SC7UDueqK4dAAw5xYJYjksy722tA9Boxc4z")
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	require.True(t, undef0 == undef1)
-	require.False(t, undef0 == did0)
-	require.True(t, did0 == did1)
-	require.False(t, undef1 == did1)
+func TestDecodeDIDKey(t *testing.T) {
+	str := "did:key:z6Mkod5Jr3yd5SC7UDueqK4dAAw5xYJYjksy722tA9Boxc4z"
+	d0, err := Parse(str)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("%v", err)
+	}
+	d1, err := Decode(d0.Bytes())
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("%v", err)
+	}
+	if d1.String() != str {
+		t.Fatalf("expected %v to equal %v", d1.String(), str)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestParseDIDWeb(t *testing.T) {
+	str := "did:web:up.web3.storage"
+	d, err := Parse(str)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("%v", err)
+	}
+	if d.String() != str {
+		t.Fatalf("expected %v to equal %v", d.String(), str)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDecodeDIDWeb(t *testing.T) {
+	str := "did:web:up.web3.storage"
+	d0, err := Parse(str)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("%v", err)
+	}
+	d1, err := Decode(d0.Bytes())
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("%v", err)
+	}
+	if d1.String() != str {
+		t.Fatalf("expected %v to equal %v", d1.String(), str)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEquivalence(t *testing.T) {
+	u0 := DID{}
+	u1 := Undef
+	if u0 != u1 {
+		t.Fatalf("undef DID not equivalent")
+	}
+
+	d0, err := Parse("did:key:z6Mkod5Jr3yd5SC7UDueqK4dAAw5xYJYjksy722tA9Boxc4z")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("%v", err)
+	}
+
+	d1, err := Parse("did:key:z6Mkod5Jr3yd5SC7UDueqK4dAAw5xYJYjksy722tA9Boxc4z")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("%v", err)
+	}
+
+	if d0 != d1 {
+		t.Fatalf("two equivalent DID not equivalent")
+	}
 }
--- a/did/didtest/crypto.go
+++ b/did/didtest/crypto.go
@@ -1,127 +0,0 @@
-// Package didtest provides Personas that can be used for testing.  Each
-// Persona has a name, crypto.PrivKey and associated crypto.PubKey and
-// did.DID.
-package didtest
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"testing"
-
-	"github.com/libp2p/go-libp2p/core/crypto"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
-
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/did"
-)
-
-const (
-	alicePrivKeyB64 = "CAESQHdNJLBBiuc1AdwPHBkubB2KS1p0cv2JEF7m8tfwtrcm5ajaYPm+XmVCmtcHOF2lGDlmaiDA7emfwD3IrcyES0M="
-	bobPrivKeyB64   = "CAESQHBz+AIop1g+9iBDj+ufUc/zm9/ry7c6kDFO8Wl/D0+H63V9hC6s9l4npf3pYEFCjBtlR0AMNWMoFQKSlYNKo20="
-	carolPrivKeyB64 = "CAESQPrCgkcHnYFXDT9AlAydhPECBEivEuuVx9dJxLjVvDTmJIVNivfzg6H4mAiPfYS+5ryVVUZTHZBzvMuvvvG/Ks0="
-	danPrivKeyB64   = "CAESQCgNhzofKhC+7hW6x+fNd7iMPtQHeEmKRhhlduf/I7/TeOEFYAEflbJ0sAhMeDJ/HQXaAvsWgHEbJ3ZLhP8q2B0="
-	erinPrivKeyB64  = "CAESQKhCJo5UBpQcthko8DKMFsbdZ+qqQ5oc01CtLCqrE90dF2GfRlrMmot3WPHiHGCmEYi5ZMEHuiSI095e/6O4Bpw="
-	frankPrivKeyB64 = "CAESQDlXPKsy3jHh7OWTWQqyZF95Ueac5DKo7xD0NOBE5F2BNr1ZVxRmJ2dBELbOt8KP9sOACcO9qlCB7uMA1UQc7sk="
-)
-
-// Persona is a generic participant used for cryptographic testing.
-type Persona int
-
-// The provided Personas were selected from the first few generic
-// participants listed in this [table].
-//
-// [table]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alice_and_Bob#Cryptographic_systems
-const (
-	PersonaAlice Persona = iota
-	PersonaBob
-	PersonaCarol
-	PersonaDan
-	PersonaErin
-	PersonaFrank
-)
-
-var privKeys map[Persona]crypto.PrivKey
-
-func init() {
-	privKeys = make(map[Persona]crypto.PrivKey, 6)
-	for persona, privKeyCfg := range privKeyB64() {
-		privKeyMar, err := crypto.ConfigDecodeKey(privKeyCfg)
-		if err != nil {
-			return
-		}
-
-		privKey, err := crypto.UnmarshalPrivateKey(privKeyMar)
-		if err != nil {
-			return
-		}
-
-		privKeys[persona] = privKey
-	}
-}
-
-// DID returns a did.DID based on the Persona's Ed25519 public key.
-func (p Persona) DID() did.DID {
-	d, err := did.FromPrivKey(p.PrivKey())
-	if err != nil {
-		panic(err)
-	}
-	return d
-}
-
-// Name returns the username of the Persona.
-func (p Persona) Name() string {
-	name, ok := map[Persona]string{
-		PersonaAlice: "Alice",
-		PersonaBob:   "Bob",
-		PersonaCarol: "Carol",
-		PersonaDan:   "Dan",
-		PersonaErin:  "Erin",
-		PersonaFrank: "Frank",
-	}[p]
-	if !ok {
-		panic(fmt.Sprintf("Unknown persona: %v", p))
-	}
-
-	return name
-}
-
-// PrivKey returns the Ed25519 private key for the Persona.
-func (p Persona) PrivKey() crypto.PrivKey {
-	return privKeys[p]
-}
-
-// PubKey returns the Ed25519 public key for the Persona.
-func (p Persona) PubKey() crypto.PubKey {
-	return p.PrivKey().GetPublic()
-}
-
-// PubKeyConfig returns the marshaled and encoded Ed25519 public key
-// for the Persona.
-func (p Persona) PubKeyConfig(t *testing.T) string {
-	pubKeyMar, err := crypto.MarshalPublicKey(p.PrivKey().GetPublic())
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	return crypto.ConfigEncodeKey(pubKeyMar)
-}
-
-func privKeyB64() map[Persona]string {
-	return map[Persona]string{
-		PersonaAlice: alicePrivKeyB64,
-		PersonaBob:   bobPrivKeyB64,
-		PersonaCarol: carolPrivKeyB64,
-		PersonaDan:   danPrivKeyB64,
-		PersonaErin:  erinPrivKeyB64,
-		PersonaFrank: frankPrivKeyB64,
-	}
-}
-
-// Personas returns an (alphabetically) ordered list of the defined
-// Persona values.
-func Personas() []Persona {
-	return []Persona{
-		PersonaAlice,
-		PersonaBob,
-		PersonaCarol,
-		PersonaDan,
-		PersonaErin,
-		PersonaFrank,
-	}
-}
--- a/did/key_spec_test.go
+++ b/did/key_spec_test.go
@@ -1,82 +0,0 @@
-//go:build jwx_es256k
-
-package did_test
-
-import (
-	"encoding/json"
-	"os"
-	"path/filepath"
-	"testing"
-
-	"github.com/libp2p/go-libp2p/core/crypto"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
-
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/did"
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/did/testvectors"
-)
-
-// TestDidKeyVectors executes tests read from the [test vector files] provided
-// as part of the DID Key method's [specification].
-//
-// [test vector files]: https://github.com/w3c-ccg/did-method-key/tree/main/test-vectors
-// [specification]: https://w3c-ccg.github.io/did-method-key
-func TestDidKeyVectors(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	for _, f := range []string{
-		// TODO: These test vectors are not supported by go-libp2p/core/crypto
-		// "bls12381.json",
-		"ed25519-x25519.json",
-		"nist-curves.json",
-		"rsa.json",
-		"secp256k1.json",
-		// This test vector only contains a DID Document
-		// "x25519.json",
-	} {
-		vectors := loadTestVectors(t, f)
-
-		t.Run(f, func(t *testing.T) {
-			t.Parallel()
-
-			for k, vector := range vectors {
-				t.Run(k, func(t *testing.T) {
-					// round-trip pubkey-->did-->pubkey, verified against the test vectors.
-
-					exp := vectorPubKey(t, vector)
-
-					id, err := did.FromPubKey(exp)
-					require.NoError(t, err, f, k)
-					act, err := id.PubKey()
-					require.NoError(t, err)
-
-					assert.Equal(t, k, id.String(), f, k)
-					assert.Equal(t, exp, act)
-				})
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-func loadTestVectors(t *testing.T, filename string) testvectors.Vectors {
-	t.Helper()
-
-	data, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join("testvectors", filename))
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	var vs testvectors.Vectors
-
-	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(data, &vs))
-
-	return vs
-}
-
-func vectorPubKey(t *testing.T, v testvectors.Vector) crypto.PubKey {
-	t.Helper()
-
-	pubKey, err := v.PubKey()
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NotZero(t, pubKey)
-
-	return pubKey
-}
--- a/did/testvectors/bls12381.json
+++ b/did/testvectors/bls12381.json
@@ -1,231 +0,0 @@
-{
-  "did:key:zUC7K4ndUaGZgV7Cp2yJy6JtMoUHY6u7tkcSYUvPrEidqBmLCTLmi6d5WvwnUqejscAkERJ3bfjEiSYtdPkRSE8kSa11hFBr4sTgnbZ95SJj19PN2jdvJjyzpSZgxkyyxNnBNnY": {
-    "verificationKeyPair": {
-      "id": "#zUC7K4ndUaGZgV7Cp2yJy6JtMoUHY6u7tkcSYUvPrEidqBmLCTLmi6d5WvwnUqejscAkERJ3bfjEiSYtdPkRSE8kSa11hFBr4sTgnbZ95SJj19PN2jdvJjyzpSZgxkyyxNnBNnY",
-      "type": "Bls12381G2Key2020",
-      "controller": "did:key:zUC7K4ndUaGZgV7Cp2yJy6JtMoUHY6u7tkcSYUvPrEidqBmLCTLmi6d5WvwnUqejscAkERJ3bfjEiSYtdPkRSE8kSa11hFBr4sTgnbZ95SJj19PN2jdvJjyzpSZgxkyyxNnBNnY",
-      "publicKeyBase58": "25EEkQtcLKsEzQ6JTo9cg4W7NHpaurn4Wg6LaNPFq6JQXnrP91SDviUz7KrJVMJd76CtAZFsRLYzvgX2JGxo2ccUHtuHk7ELCWwrkBDfrXCFVfqJKDootee9iVaF6NpdJtBE",
-      "privateKeyBase58": "8TXrPTbhefHvcz2vkGsDLBZT2UMeemveLKbdh5JZCvvn"
-    },
-    "didDocument": {
-      "@context": [
-        "https://www.w3.org/ns/did/v1",
-        "https://w3id.org/security/suites/bls12381-2020/v1"
-      ],
-      "id": "did:key:zUC7K4ndUaGZgV7Cp2yJy6JtMoUHY6u7tkcSYUvPrEidqBmLCTLmi6d5WvwnUqejscAkERJ3bfjEiSYtdPkRSE8kSa11hFBr4sTgnbZ95SJj19PN2jdvJjyzpSZgxkyyxNnBNnY",
-      "verificationMethod": [
-        {
-          "id": "did:key:zUC7K4ndUaGZgV7Cp2yJy6JtMoUHY6u7tkcSYUvPrEidqBmLCTLmi6d5WvwnUqejscAkERJ3bfjEiSYtdPkRSE8kSa11hFBr4sTgnbZ95SJj19PN2jdvJjyzpSZgxkyyxNnBNnY#zUC7K4ndUaGZgV7Cp2yJy6JtMoUHY6u7tkcSYUvPrEidqBmLCTLmi6d5WvwnUqejscAkERJ3bfjEiSYtdPkRSE8kSa11hFBr4sTgnbZ95SJj19PN2jdvJjyzpSZgxkyyxNnBNnY",
-          "type": "Bls12381G2Key2020",
-          "controller": "did:key:zUC7K4ndUaGZgV7Cp2yJy6JtMoUHY6u7tkcSYUvPrEidqBmLCTLmi6d5WvwnUqejscAkERJ3bfjEiSYtdPkRSE8kSa11hFBr4sTgnbZ95SJj19PN2jdvJjyzpSZgxkyyxNnBNnY",
-          "publicKeyBase58": "25EEkQtcLKsEzQ6JTo9cg4W7NHpaurn4Wg6LaNPFq6JQXnrP91SDviUz7KrJVMJd76CtAZFsRLYzvgX2JGxo2ccUHtuHk7ELCWwrkBDfrXCFVfqJKDootee9iVaF6NpdJtBE"
-        }
-      ],
-      "assertionMethod": [
-        "did:key:zUC7K4ndUaGZgV7Cp2yJy6JtMoUHY6u7tkcSYUvPrEidqBmLCTLmi6d5WvwnUqejscAkERJ3bfjEiSYtdPkRSE8kSa11hFBr4sTgnbZ95SJj19PN2jdvJjyzpSZgxkyyxNnBNnY#zUC7K4ndUaGZgV7Cp2yJy6JtMoUHY6u7tkcSYUvPrEidqBmLCTLmi6d5WvwnUqejscAkERJ3bfjEiSYtdPkRSE8kSa11hFBr4sTgnbZ95SJj19PN2jdvJjyzpSZgxkyyxNnBNnY"
-      ],
-      "authentication": [
-        "did:key:zUC7K4ndUaGZgV7Cp2yJy6JtMoUHY6u7tkcSYUvPrEidqBmLCTLmi6d5WvwnUqejscAkERJ3bfjEiSYtdPkRSE8kSa11hFBr4sTgnbZ95SJj19PN2jdvJjyzpSZgxkyyxNnBNnY#zUC7K4ndUaGZgV7Cp2yJy6JtMoUHY6u7tkcSYUvPrEidqBmLCTLmi6d5WvwnUqejscAkERJ3bfjEiSYtdPkRSE8kSa11hFBr4sTgnbZ95SJj19PN2jdvJjyzpSZgxkyyxNnBNnY"
-      ],
-      "capabilityInvocation": [
-        "did:key:zUC7K4ndUaGZgV7Cp2yJy6JtMoUHY6u7tkcSYUvPrEidqBmLCTLmi6d5WvwnUqejscAkERJ3bfjEiSYtdPkRSE8kSa11hFBr4sTgnbZ95SJj19PN2jdvJjyzpSZgxkyyxNnBNnY#zUC7K4ndUaGZgV7Cp2yJy6JtMoUHY6u7tkcSYUvPrEidqBmLCTLmi6d5WvwnUqejscAkERJ3bfjEiSYtdPkRSE8kSa11hFBr4sTgnbZ95SJj19PN2jdvJjyzpSZgxkyyxNnBNnY"
-      ],
-      "capabilityDelegation": [
-        "did:key:zUC7K4ndUaGZgV7Cp2yJy6JtMoUHY6u7tkcSYUvPrEidqBmLCTLmi6d5WvwnUqejscAkERJ3bfjEiSYtdPkRSE8kSa11hFBr4sTgnbZ95SJj19PN2jdvJjyzpSZgxkyyxNnBNnY#zUC7K4ndUaGZgV7Cp2yJy6JtMoUHY6u7tkcSYUvPrEidqBmLCTLmi6d5WvwnUqejscAkERJ3bfjEiSYtdPkRSE8kSa11hFBr4sTgnbZ95SJj19PN2jdvJjyzpSZgxkyyxNnBNnY"
-      ]
-    }
-  },
-  "did:key:zUC77uxiMKceQoxciSy1xgk3nvP8c8NZXDnaY1xsXZaU5UmsZdnwStUke8Ca8zAdPX3MQTHEMhDTCgfdGU7UrY4RRdVhqZp8FaAaoaXFEVp2ZAM7oj3P45BuTCfc3t9FEGBAEQY": {
-    "verificationKeyPair": {
-      "id": "#zUC77uxiMKceQoxciSy1xgk3nvP8c8NZXDnaY1xsXZaU5UmsZdnwStUke8Ca8zAdPX3MQTHEMhDTCgfdGU7UrY4RRdVhqZp8FaAaoaXFEVp2ZAM7oj3P45BuTCfc3t9FEGBAEQY",
-      "type": "Bls12381G2Key2020",
-      "controller": "did:key:zUC77uxiMKceQoxciSy1xgk3nvP8c8NZXDnaY1xsXZaU5UmsZdnwStUke8Ca8zAdPX3MQTHEMhDTCgfdGU7UrY4RRdVhqZp8FaAaoaXFEVp2ZAM7oj3P45BuTCfc3t9FEGBAEQY",
-      "publicKeyBase58": "t5QqHdxR4C6QJWJAnk3qVd2DMr4MVFEefdP43i7fLbR5A2qJkE5bqgEtyzpNsDViGEsMKHMdpo7fKbPMhGihbfxz3Dv2Hw36XvprLHBA5DDFSphmy91oHQFdahQMei2HjoE",
-      "privateKeyBase58": "URWBZN9g2ZfKVdAz1L8pvVwEBqCbGBozt4p8Cootb35"
-    },
-    "didDocument": {
-      "@context": [
-        "https://www.w3.org/ns/did/v1",
-        "https://w3id.org/security/suites/bls12381-2020/v1"
-      ],
-      "id": "did:key:zUC77uxiMKceQoxciSy1xgk3nvP8c8NZXDnaY1xsXZaU5UmsZdnwStUke8Ca8zAdPX3MQTHEMhDTCgfdGU7UrY4RRdVhqZp8FaAaoaXFEVp2ZAM7oj3P45BuTCfc3t9FEGBAEQY",
-      "verificationMethod": [
-        {
-          "id": "did:key:zUC77uxiMKceQoxciSy1xgk3nvP8c8NZXDnaY1xsXZaU5UmsZdnwStUke8Ca8zAdPX3MQTHEMhDTCgfdGU7UrY4RRdVhqZp8FaAaoaXFEVp2ZAM7oj3P45BuTCfc3t9FEGBAEQY#zUC77uxiMKceQoxciSy1xgk3nvP8c8NZXDnaY1xsXZaU5UmsZdnwStUke8Ca8zAdPX3MQTHEMhDTCgfdGU7UrY4RRdVhqZp8FaAaoaXFEVp2ZAM7oj3P45BuTCfc3t9FEGBAEQY",
-          "type": "Bls12381G2Key2020",
-          "controller": "did:key:zUC77uxiMKceQoxciSy1xgk3nvP8c8NZXDnaY1xsXZaU5UmsZdnwStUke8Ca8zAdPX3MQTHEMhDTCgfdGU7UrY4RRdVhqZp8FaAaoaXFEVp2ZAM7oj3P45BuTCfc3t9FEGBAEQY",
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-      "@context": [
-        "https://www.w3.org/ns/did/v1",
-        "https://w3id.org/security/suites/jws-2020/v1"
-      ],
-      "id": "did:key:z5TcCmGLu7HrkT5FTnejDTKcH11LPMQLXMPHTRyzY4KdRvqpPLprH7s1ddWFD38cAkZoiDtofUmJVZyEweUTfwjG5H3znk3ir4tzmuDBUSNbNQ7U6jJqj5bkQLKRaQB1bpFJKGLEq3EBwsfPutL5D7p78kFeLNHznqbf5oGpik7ScaDbGLaTLh1Jtadi6VmPNNd44Cojk",
-      "verificationMethod": [
-        {
-          "id": "did:key:z5TcCmGLu7HrkT5FTnejDTKcH11LPMQLXMPHTRyzY4KdRvqpPLprH7s1ddWFD38cAkZoiDtofUmJVZyEweUTfwjG5H3znk3ir4tzmuDBUSNbNQ7U6jJqj5bkQLKRaQB1bpFJKGLEq3EBwsfPutL5D7p78kFeLNHznqbf5oGpik7ScaDbGLaTLh1Jtadi6VmPNNd44Cojk#z3tEEysHYz5kkgpfDAByfDVgAuvtSFLHSqoMWmmSZBU1LZtN2sDsAS6RVQSevfxv39kyty",
-          "type": "JsonWebKey2020",
-          "controller": "did:key:z5TcCmGLu7HrkT5FTnejDTKcH11LPMQLXMPHTRyzY4KdRvqpPLprH7s1ddWFD38cAkZoiDtofUmJVZyEweUTfwjG5H3znk3ir4tzmuDBUSNbNQ7U6jJqj5bkQLKRaQB1bpFJKGLEq3EBwsfPutL5D7p78kFeLNHznqbf5oGpik7ScaDbGLaTLh1Jtadi6VmPNNd44Cojk",
-          "publicKeyJwk": {
-            "kty": "EC",
-            "crv": "BLS12381_G1",
-            "x": "im0OQGMTkh4YEhAl16hQwUQTcOaRqIqThqtSwksFK7WaH6Qywypmc3VIDyydmYTe"
-          }
-        }
-      ],
-      "assertionMethod": [
-        "did:key:z5TcCmGLu7HrkT5FTnejDTKcH11LPMQLXMPHTRyzY4KdRvqpPLprH7s1ddWFD38cAkZoiDtofUmJVZyEweUTfwjG5H3znk3ir4tzmuDBUSNbNQ7U6jJqj5bkQLKRaQB1bpFJKGLEq3EBwsfPutL5D7p78kFeLNHznqbf5oGpik7ScaDbGLaTLh1Jtadi6VmPNNd44Cojk#z3tEEysHYz5kkgpfDAByfDVgAuvtSFLHSqoMWmmSZBU1LZtN2sDsAS6RVQSevfxv39kyty"
-      ],
-      "authentication": [
-        "did:key:z5TcCmGLu7HrkT5FTnejDTKcH11LPMQLXMPHTRyzY4KdRvqpPLprH7s1ddWFD38cAkZoiDtofUmJVZyEweUTfwjG5H3znk3ir4tzmuDBUSNbNQ7U6jJqj5bkQLKRaQB1bpFJKGLEq3EBwsfPutL5D7p78kFeLNHznqbf5oGpik7ScaDbGLaTLh1Jtadi6VmPNNd44Cojk#z3tEEysHYz5kkgpfDAByfDVgAuvtSFLHSqoMWmmSZBU1LZtN2sDsAS6RVQSevfxv39kyty"
-      ],
-      "capabilityInvocation": [
-        "did:key:z5TcCmGLu7HrkT5FTnejDTKcH11LPMQLXMPHTRyzY4KdRvqpPLprH7s1ddWFD38cAkZoiDtofUmJVZyEweUTfwjG5H3znk3ir4tzmuDBUSNbNQ7U6jJqj5bkQLKRaQB1bpFJKGLEq3EBwsfPutL5D7p78kFeLNHznqbf5oGpik7ScaDbGLaTLh1Jtadi6VmPNNd44Cojk#z3tEEysHYz5kkgpfDAByfDVgAuvtSFLHSqoMWmmSZBU1LZtN2sDsAS6RVQSevfxv39kyty"
-      ],
-      "capabilityDelegation": [
-        "did:key:z5TcCmGLu7HrkT5FTnejDTKcH11LPMQLXMPHTRyzY4KdRvqpPLprH7s1ddWFD38cAkZoiDtofUmJVZyEweUTfwjG5H3znk3ir4tzmuDBUSNbNQ7U6jJqj5bkQLKRaQB1bpFJKGLEq3EBwsfPutL5D7p78kFeLNHznqbf5oGpik7ScaDbGLaTLh1Jtadi6VmPNNd44Cojk#z3tEEysHYz5kkgpfDAByfDVgAuvtSFLHSqoMWmmSZBU1LZtN2sDsAS6RVQSevfxv39kyty"
-      ]
-    }
-  }
-}
--- a/did/testvectors/ed25519-x25519.json
+++ b/did/testvectors/ed25519-x25519.json
@@ -1,293 +0,0 @@
-{
-  "did:key:z6MkiTBz1ymuepAQ4HEHYSF1H8quG5GLVVQR3djdX3mDooWp": {
-    "seed": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
-    "verificationKeyPair": {
-      "id": "#z6MkiTBz1ymuepAQ4HEHYSF1H8quG5GLVVQR3djdX3mDooWp",
-      "type": "Ed25519VerificationKey2018",
-      "controller": "did:key:z6MkiTBz1ymuepAQ4HEHYSF1H8quG5GLVVQR3djdX3mDooWp",
-      "publicKeyBase58": "4zvwRjXUKGfvwnParsHAS3HuSVzV5cA4McphgmoCtajS"
-    },
-    "keyAgreementKeyPair": {
-      "id": "#z6LShs9GGnqk85isEBzzshkuVWrVKsRp24GnDuHk8QWkARMW",
-      "type": "X25519KeyAgreementKey2019",
-      "controller": "did:key:z6MkiTBz1ymuepAQ4HEHYSF1H8quG5GLVVQR3djdX3mDooWp",
-      "publicKeyBase58": "7By6kV2t2d188odEM4ExAve1UithKT6dLva4dwsDT3ak",
-      "privateKeyBase58": "6QN8DfuN9hjgHgPvLXqgzqYE3jRRGRrmJQZkd5tL8paR"
-    },
-    "didDocument": {
-      "@context": [
-        "https://www.w3.org/ns/did/v1",
-        "https://w3id.org/security/suites/ed25519-2018/v1",
-        "https://w3id.org/security/suites/x25519-2019/v1"
-      ],
-      "id": "did:key:z6MkiTBz1ymuepAQ4HEHYSF1H8quG5GLVVQR3djdX3mDooWp",
-      "verificationMethod": [
-        {
-          "id": "did:key:z6MkiTBz1ymuepAQ4HEHYSF1H8quG5GLVVQR3djdX3mDooWp#z6MkiTBz1ymuepAQ4HEHYSF1H8quG5GLVVQR3djdX3mDooWp",
-          "type": "Ed25519VerificationKey2018",
-          "controller": "did:key:z6MkiTBz1ymuepAQ4HEHYSF1H8quG5GLVVQR3djdX3mDooWp",
-          "publicKeyBase58": "4zvwRjXUKGfvwnParsHAS3HuSVzV5cA4McphgmoCtajS"
-        },
-        {
-          "id": "did:key:z6MkiTBz1ymuepAQ4HEHYSF1H8quG5GLVVQR3djdX3mDooWp#z6LShs9GGnqk85isEBzzshkuVWrVKsRp24GnDuHk8QWkARMW",
-          "type": "X25519KeyAgreementKey2019",
-          "controller": "did:key:z6MkiTBz1ymuepAQ4HEHYSF1H8quG5GLVVQR3djdX3mDooWp",
-          "publicKeyBase58": "7By6kV2t2d188odEM4ExAve1UithKT6dLva4dwsDT3ak"
-        }
-      ],
-      "assertionMethod": [
-        "did:key:z6MkiTBz1ymuepAQ4HEHYSF1H8quG5GLVVQR3djdX3mDooWp#z6MkiTBz1ymuepAQ4HEHYSF1H8quG5GLVVQR3djdX3mDooWp"
-      ],
-      "authentication": [
-        "did:key:z6MkiTBz1ymuepAQ4HEHYSF1H8quG5GLVVQR3djdX3mDooWp#z6MkiTBz1ymuepAQ4HEHYSF1H8quG5GLVVQR3djdX3mDooWp"
-      ],
-      "capabilityInvocation": [
-        "did:key:z6MkiTBz1ymuepAQ4HEHYSF1H8quG5GLVVQR3djdX3mDooWp#z6MkiTBz1ymuepAQ4HEHYSF1H8quG5GLVVQR3djdX3mDooWp"
-      ],
-      "capabilityDelegation": [
-        "did:key:z6MkiTBz1ymuepAQ4HEHYSF1H8quG5GLVVQR3djdX3mDooWp#z6MkiTBz1ymuepAQ4HEHYSF1H8quG5GLVVQR3djdX3mDooWp"
-      ],
-      "keyAgreement": [
-        "did:key:z6MkiTBz1ymuepAQ4HEHYSF1H8quG5GLVVQR3djdX3mDooWp#z6LShs9GGnqk85isEBzzshkuVWrVKsRp24GnDuHk8QWkARMW"
-      ]
-    }
-  },
-  "did:key:z6MkjchhfUsD6mmvni8mCdXHw216Xrm9bQe2mBH1P5RDjVJG": {
-    "seed": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001",
-    "verificationKeyPair": {
-      "id": "#z6MkjchhfUsD6mmvni8mCdXHw216Xrm9bQe2mBH1P5RDjVJG",
-      "type": "Ed25519VerificationKey2018",
-      "controller": "did:key:z6MkjchhfUsD6mmvni8mCdXHw216Xrm9bQe2mBH1P5RDjVJG",
-      "publicKeyBase58": "6ASf5EcmmEHTgDJ4X4ZT5vT6iHVJBXPg5AN5YoTCpGWt"
-    },
-    "keyAgreementKeyPair": {
-      "id": "#z6LSrHyXiPBhUbvPUtyUCdf32sniiMGPTAesgHrtEa4FePtr",
-      "type": "X25519KeyAgreementKey2019",
-      "controller": "did:key:z6MkjchhfUsD6mmvni8mCdXHw216Xrm9bQe2mBH1P5RDjVJG",
-      "publicKeyBase58": "FcoNC5NqP9CePWbhfz95iHaEsCjGkZUioK9Ck7Qiw286",
-      "privateKeyBase58": "HBTcN2MrXNRj9xF9oi8QqYyuEPv3JLLjQKuEgW9oxVKP"
-    },
-    "didDocument": {
-      "@context": [
-        "https://www.w3.org/ns/did/v1",
-        "https://w3id.org/security/suites/ed25519-2018/v1",
-        "https://w3id.org/security/suites/x25519-2019/v1"
-      ],
-      "id": "did:key:z6MkjchhfUsD6mmvni8mCdXHw216Xrm9bQe2mBH1P5RDjVJG",
-      "verificationMethod": [
-        {
-          "id": "did:key:z6MkjchhfUsD6mmvni8mCdXHw216Xrm9bQe2mBH1P5RDjVJG#z6MkjchhfUsD6mmvni8mCdXHw216Xrm9bQe2mBH1P5RDjVJG",
-          "type": "Ed25519VerificationKey2018",
-          "controller": "did:key:z6MkjchhfUsD6mmvni8mCdXHw216Xrm9bQe2mBH1P5RDjVJG",
-          "publicKeyBase58": "6ASf5EcmmEHTgDJ4X4ZT5vT6iHVJBXPg5AN5YoTCpGWt"
-        },
-        {
-          "id": "did:key:z6MkjchhfUsD6mmvni8mCdXHw216Xrm9bQe2mBH1P5RDjVJG#z6LSrHyXiPBhUbvPUtyUCdf32sniiMGPTAesgHrtEa4FePtr",
-          "type": "X25519KeyAgreementKey2019",
-          "controller": "did:key:z6MkjchhfUsD6mmvni8mCdXHw216Xrm9bQe2mBH1P5RDjVJG",
-          "publicKeyBase58": "FcoNC5NqP9CePWbhfz95iHaEsCjGkZUioK9Ck7Qiw286"
-        }
-      ],
-      "assertionMethod": [
-        "did:key:z6MkjchhfUsD6mmvni8mCdXHw216Xrm9bQe2mBH1P5RDjVJG#z6MkjchhfUsD6mmvni8mCdXHw216Xrm9bQe2mBH1P5RDjVJG"
-      ],
-      "authentication": [
-        "did:key:z6MkjchhfUsD6mmvni8mCdXHw216Xrm9bQe2mBH1P5RDjVJG#z6MkjchhfUsD6mmvni8mCdXHw216Xrm9bQe2mBH1P5RDjVJG"
-      ],
-      "capabilityInvocation": [
-        "did:key:z6MkjchhfUsD6mmvni8mCdXHw216Xrm9bQe2mBH1P5RDjVJG#z6MkjchhfUsD6mmvni8mCdXHw216Xrm9bQe2mBH1P5RDjVJG"
-      ],
-      "capabilityDelegation": [
-        "did:key:z6MkjchhfUsD6mmvni8mCdXHw216Xrm9bQe2mBH1P5RDjVJG#z6MkjchhfUsD6mmvni8mCdXHw216Xrm9bQe2mBH1P5RDjVJG"
-      ],
-      "keyAgreement": [
-        "did:key:z6MkjchhfUsD6mmvni8mCdXHw216Xrm9bQe2mBH1P5RDjVJG#z6LSrHyXiPBhUbvPUtyUCdf32sniiMGPTAesgHrtEa4FePtr"
-      ]
-    }
-  },
-  "did:key:z6MknGc3ocHs3zdPiJbnaaqDi58NGb4pk1Sp9WxWufuXSdxf": {
-    "seed": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002",
-    "verificationKeyPair": {
-      "id": "#z6MknGc3ocHs3zdPiJbnaaqDi58NGb4pk1Sp9WxWufuXSdxf",
-      "type": "Ed25519VerificationKey2018",
-      "controller": "did:key:z6MknGc3ocHs3zdPiJbnaaqDi58NGb4pk1Sp9WxWufuXSdxf",
-      "publicKeyBase58": "8pM1DN3RiT8vbom5u1sNryaNT1nyL8CTTW3b5PwWXRBH"
-    },
-    "keyAgreementKeyPair": {
-      "id": "#z6LSkkqoZRC34AEpbkhZCqLDcHQVAxuLpQ7kC8XCXMVUfvjE",
-      "type": "X25519KeyAgreementKey2019",
-      "controller": "did:key:z6MknGc3ocHs3zdPiJbnaaqDi58NGb4pk1Sp9WxWufuXSdxf",
-      "publicKeyBase58": "A5fe37PAxhX5WNKngBpGHhC1KpNE7nwbK9oX2tqwxYxU",
-      "privateKeyBase58": "ACa4PPJ1LnPNq1iwS33V3Akh7WtnC71WkKFZ9ccM6sX2"
-    },
-    "didDocument": {
-      "@context": [
-        "https://www.w3.org/ns/did/v1",
-        "https://w3id.org/security/suites/ed25519-2018/v1",
-        "https://w3id.org/security/suites/x25519-2019/v1"
-      ],
-      "id": "did:key:z6MknGc3ocHs3zdPiJbnaaqDi58NGb4pk1Sp9WxWufuXSdxf",
-      "verificationMethod": [
-        {
-          "id": "did:key:z6MknGc3ocHs3zdPiJbnaaqDi58NGb4pk1Sp9WxWufuXSdxf#z6MknGc3ocHs3zdPiJbnaaqDi58NGb4pk1Sp9WxWufuXSdxf",
-          "type": "Ed25519VerificationKey2018",
-          "controller": "did:key:z6MknGc3ocHs3zdPiJbnaaqDi58NGb4pk1Sp9WxWufuXSdxf",
-          "publicKeyBase58": "8pM1DN3RiT8vbom5u1sNryaNT1nyL8CTTW3b5PwWXRBH"
-        },
-        {
-          "id": "did:key:z6MknGc3ocHs3zdPiJbnaaqDi58NGb4pk1Sp9WxWufuXSdxf#z6LSkkqoZRC34AEpbkhZCqLDcHQVAxuLpQ7kC8XCXMVUfvjE",
-          "type": "X25519KeyAgreementKey2019",
-          "controller": "did:key:z6MknGc3ocHs3zdPiJbnaaqDi58NGb4pk1Sp9WxWufuXSdxf",
-          "publicKeyBase58": "A5fe37PAxhX5WNKngBpGHhC1KpNE7nwbK9oX2tqwxYxU"
-        }
-      ],
-      "assertionMethod": [
-        "did:key:z6MknGc3ocHs3zdPiJbnaaqDi58NGb4pk1Sp9WxWufuXSdxf#z6MknGc3ocHs3zdPiJbnaaqDi58NGb4pk1Sp9WxWufuXSdxf"
-      ],
-      "authentication": [
-        "did:key:z6MknGc3ocHs3zdPiJbnaaqDi58NGb4pk1Sp9WxWufuXSdxf#z6MknGc3ocHs3zdPiJbnaaqDi58NGb4pk1Sp9WxWufuXSdxf"
-      ],
-      "capabilityInvocation": [
-        "did:key:z6MknGc3ocHs3zdPiJbnaaqDi58NGb4pk1Sp9WxWufuXSdxf#z6MknGc3ocHs3zdPiJbnaaqDi58NGb4pk1Sp9WxWufuXSdxf"
-      ],
-      "capabilityDelegation": [
-        "did:key:z6MknGc3ocHs3zdPiJbnaaqDi58NGb4pk1Sp9WxWufuXSdxf#z6MknGc3ocHs3zdPiJbnaaqDi58NGb4pk1Sp9WxWufuXSdxf"
-      ],
-      "keyAgreement": [
-        "did:key:z6MknGc3ocHs3zdPiJbnaaqDi58NGb4pk1Sp9WxWufuXSdxf#z6LSkkqoZRC34AEpbkhZCqLDcHQVAxuLpQ7kC8XCXMVUfvjE"
-      ]
-    }
-  },
-  "did:key:z6MkvqoYXQfDDJRv8L4wKzxYeuKyVZBfi9Qo6Ro8MiLH3kDQ": {
-    "seed": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000003",
-    "verificationKeyPair": {
-      "id": "#z6MkvqoYXQfDDJRv8L4wKzxYeuKyVZBfi9Qo6Ro8MiLH3kDQ",
-      "type": "Ed25519VerificationKey2018",
-      "controller": "did:key:z6MkvqoYXQfDDJRv8L4wKzxYeuKyVZBfi9Qo6Ro8MiLH3kDQ",
-      "publicKeyBase58": "HPYVwAQmskwT1qEEeRzhoomyfyupJGASQQtCXSNG8XS2"
-    },
-    "keyAgreementKeyPair": {
-      "id": "#z6LSiUo6AEDat8Ze4nQzDo67SGuHLLwsUGkxndHGUjsywHow",
-      "type": "X25519KeyAgreementKey2019",
-      "controller": "did:key:z6MkvqoYXQfDDJRv8L4wKzxYeuKyVZBfi9Qo6Ro8MiLH3kDQ",
-      "publicKeyBase58": "7ocvdvQinfqtyQ3Dh9aA7ggoVCQkmfaoueZazHETDv3B",
-      "privateKeyBase58": "FZrzd1osCnbK6y6MJzMBW1RcVfL524sNKhSbqRwMuwHT"
-    },
-    "didDocument": {
-      "@context": [
-        "https://www.w3.org/ns/did/v1",
-        "https://w3id.org/security/suites/ed25519-2018/v1",
-        "https://w3id.org/security/suites/x25519-2019/v1"
-      ],
-      "id": "did:key:z6MkvqoYXQfDDJRv8L4wKzxYeuKyVZBfi9Qo6Ro8MiLH3kDQ",
-      "verificationMethod": [
-        {
-          "id": "did:key:z6MkvqoYXQfDDJRv8L4wKzxYeuKyVZBfi9Qo6Ro8MiLH3kDQ#z6MkvqoYXQfDDJRv8L4wKzxYeuKyVZBfi9Qo6Ro8MiLH3kDQ",
-          "type": "Ed25519VerificationKey2018",
-          "controller": "did:key:z6MkvqoYXQfDDJRv8L4wKzxYeuKyVZBfi9Qo6Ro8MiLH3kDQ",
-          "publicKeyBase58": "HPYVwAQmskwT1qEEeRzhoomyfyupJGASQQtCXSNG8XS2"
-        },
-        {
-          "id": "did:key:z6MkvqoYXQfDDJRv8L4wKzxYeuKyVZBfi9Qo6Ro8MiLH3kDQ#z6LSiUo6AEDat8Ze4nQzDo67SGuHLLwsUGkxndHGUjsywHow",
-          "type": "X25519KeyAgreementKey2019",
-          "controller": "did:key:z6MkvqoYXQfDDJRv8L4wKzxYeuKyVZBfi9Qo6Ro8MiLH3kDQ",
-          "publicKeyBase58": "7ocvdvQinfqtyQ3Dh9aA7ggoVCQkmfaoueZazHETDv3B"
-        }
-      ],
-      "assertionMethod": [
-        "did:key:z6MkvqoYXQfDDJRv8L4wKzxYeuKyVZBfi9Qo6Ro8MiLH3kDQ#z6MkvqoYXQfDDJRv8L4wKzxYeuKyVZBfi9Qo6Ro8MiLH3kDQ"
-      ],
-      "authentication": [
-        "did:key:z6MkvqoYXQfDDJRv8L4wKzxYeuKyVZBfi9Qo6Ro8MiLH3kDQ#z6MkvqoYXQfDDJRv8L4wKzxYeuKyVZBfi9Qo6Ro8MiLH3kDQ"
-      ],
-      "capabilityInvocation": [
-        "did:key:z6MkvqoYXQfDDJRv8L4wKzxYeuKyVZBfi9Qo6Ro8MiLH3kDQ#z6MkvqoYXQfDDJRv8L4wKzxYeuKyVZBfi9Qo6Ro8MiLH3kDQ"
-      ],
-      "capabilityDelegation": [
-        "did:key:z6MkvqoYXQfDDJRv8L4wKzxYeuKyVZBfi9Qo6Ro8MiLH3kDQ#z6MkvqoYXQfDDJRv8L4wKzxYeuKyVZBfi9Qo6Ro8MiLH3kDQ"
-      ],
-      "keyAgreement": [
-        "did:key:z6MkvqoYXQfDDJRv8L4wKzxYeuKyVZBfi9Qo6Ro8MiLH3kDQ#z6LSiUo6AEDat8Ze4nQzDo67SGuHLLwsUGkxndHGUjsywHow"
-      ]
-    }
-  },
-  "did:key:z6MkwYMhwTvsq376YBAcJHy3vyRWzBgn5vKfVqqDCgm7XVKU": {
-    "seed": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000005",
-    "verificationKeyPair": {
-      "id": "did:key:z6MkwYMhwTvsq376YBAcJHy3vyRWzBgn5vKfVqqDCgm7XVKU#z6MkwYMhwTvsq376YBAcJHy3vyRWzBgn5vKfVqqDCgm7XVKU",
-      "type": "JsonWebKey2020",
-      "controller": "did:key:z6MkwYMhwTvsq376YBAcJHy3vyRWzBgn5vKfVqqDCgm7XVKU",
-      "publicKeyJwk": {
-        "kty": "OKP",
-        "crv": "Ed25519",
-        "x": "_eT7oDCtAC98L31MMx9J0T-w7HR-zuvsY08f9MvKne8"
-      },
-      "privateKeyJwk": {
-        "kty": "OKP",
-        "crv": "Ed25519",
-        "x": "_eT7oDCtAC98L31MMx9J0T-w7HR-zuvsY08f9MvKne8",
-        "d": "AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAU"
-      }
-    },
-    "keyAgreementKeyPair": {
-      "id": "did:key:z6MkwYMhwTvsq376YBAcJHy3vyRWzBgn5vKfVqqDCgm7XVKU#z6LSmArkPSdTKjEESsExHRrSwUzYUHgDuWDewXc4nocasvFU",
-      "type": "JsonWebKey2020",
-      "controller": "did:key:z6MkwYMhwTvsq376YBAcJHy3vyRWzBgn5vKfVqqDCgm7XVKU",
-      "publicKeyJwk": {
-        "kty": "OKP",
-        "crv": "X25519",
-        "x": "jRIz3oriXDNZmnb35XQb7K1UIlz3ae1ao1YSqLeBXHs"
-      },
-      "privateKeyJwk": {
-        "kty": "OKP",
-        "crv": "X25519",
-        "x": "jRIz3oriXDNZmnb35XQb7K1UIlz3ae1ao1YSqLeBXHs",
-        "d": "aEAAB3VBFPCQtgF3N__wRiXhMOgeiRGstpPC3gnJ1Eo"
-      }
-    },
-    "didDocument": {
-      "@context": [
-        "https://www.w3.org/ns/did/v1",
-        "https://w3id.org/security/suites/jws-2020/v1"
-      ],
-      "id": "did:key:z6MkwYMhwTvsq376YBAcJHy3vyRWzBgn5vKfVqqDCgm7XVKU",
-      "verificationMethod": [
-        {
-          "id": "did:key:z6MkwYMhwTvsq376YBAcJHy3vyRWzBgn5vKfVqqDCgm7XVKU#z6MkwYMhwTvsq376YBAcJHy3vyRWzBgn5vKfVqqDCgm7XVKU",
-          "type": "JsonWebKey2020",
-          "controller": "did:key:z6MkwYMhwTvsq376YBAcJHy3vyRWzBgn5vKfVqqDCgm7XVKU",
-          "publicKeyJwk": {
-            "kty": "OKP",
-            "crv": "Ed25519",
-            "x": "_eT7oDCtAC98L31MMx9J0T-w7HR-zuvsY08f9MvKne8"
-          }
-        },
-        {
-          "id": "did:key:z6MkwYMhwTvsq376YBAcJHy3vyRWzBgn5vKfVqqDCgm7XVKU#z6LSmArkPSdTKjEESsExHRrSwUzYUHgDuWDewXc4nocasvFU",
-          "type": "JsonWebKey2020",
-          "controller": "did:key:z6MkwYMhwTvsq376YBAcJHy3vyRWzBgn5vKfVqqDCgm7XVKU",
-          "publicKeyJwk": {
-            "kty": "OKP",
-            "crv": "X25519",
-            "x": "jRIz3oriXDNZmnb35XQb7K1UIlz3ae1ao1YSqLeBXHs"
-          }
-        }
-      ],
-      "assertionMethod": [
-        "did:key:z6MkwYMhwTvsq376YBAcJHy3vyRWzBgn5vKfVqqDCgm7XVKU#z6MkwYMhwTvsq376YBAcJHy3vyRWzBgn5vKfVqqDCgm7XVKU"
-      ],
-      "authentication": [
-        "did:key:z6MkwYMhwTvsq376YBAcJHy3vyRWzBgn5vKfVqqDCgm7XVKU#z6MkwYMhwTvsq376YBAcJHy3vyRWzBgn5vKfVqqDCgm7XVKU"
-      ],
-      "capabilityInvocation": [
-        "did:key:z6MkwYMhwTvsq376YBAcJHy3vyRWzBgn5vKfVqqDCgm7XVKU#z6MkwYMhwTvsq376YBAcJHy3vyRWzBgn5vKfVqqDCgm7XVKU"
-      ],
-      "capabilityDelegation": [
-        "did:key:z6MkwYMhwTvsq376YBAcJHy3vyRWzBgn5vKfVqqDCgm7XVKU#z6MkwYMhwTvsq376YBAcJHy3vyRWzBgn5vKfVqqDCgm7XVKU"
-      ],
-      "keyAgreement": [
-        "did:key:z6MkwYMhwTvsq376YBAcJHy3vyRWzBgn5vKfVqqDCgm7XVKU#z6LSmArkPSdTKjEESsExHRrSwUzYUHgDuWDewXc4nocasvFU"
-      ]
-    }
-  }
-}
--- a/did/testvectors/nist-curves.json
+++ b/did/testvectors/nist-curves.json
@@ -1,371 +0,0 @@
-{
-  "did:key:zDnaerx9CtbPJ1q36T5Ln5wYt3MQYeGRG5ehnPAmxcf5mDZpv": {
-    "verificationMethod": {
-      "id": "#zDnaerx9CtbPJ1q36T5Ln5wYt3MQYeGRG5ehnPAmxcf5mDZpv",
-      "type": "JsonWebKey2020",
-      "controller": "did:key:zDnaerx9CtbPJ1q36T5Ln5wYt3MQYeGRG5ehnPAmxcf5mDZpv",
-      "publicKeyJwk": {
-        "kty": "EC",
-        "crv": "P-256",
-        "x": "igrFmi0whuihKnj9R3Om1SoMph72wUGeFaBbzG2vzns",
-        "y": "efsX5b10x8yjyrj4ny3pGfLcY7Xby1KzgqOdqnsrJIM"
-      },
-      "privateKeyJwk": {
-        "kty": "EC",
-        "crv": "P-256",
-        "x": "igrFmi0whuihKnj9R3Om1SoMph72wUGeFaBbzG2vzns",
-        "y": "efsX5b10x8yjyrj4ny3pGfLcY7Xby1KzgqOdqnsrJIM",
-        "d": "gPh-VvVS8MbvKQ9LSVVmfnxnKjHn4Tqj0bmbpehRlpc"
-      }
-    },
-    "didDocument": {
-      "@context": [
-        "https://www.w3.org/ns/did/v1",
-        "https://w3id.org/security/suites/jws-2020/v1"
-      ],
-      "id": "did:key:zDnaerx9CtbPJ1q36T5Ln5wYt3MQYeGRG5ehnPAmxcf5mDZpv",
-      "verificationMethod": [
-        {
-          "id": "did:key:zDnaerx9CtbPJ1q36T5Ln5wYt3MQYeGRG5ehnPAmxcf5mDZpv#zDnaerx9CtbPJ1q36T5Ln5wYt3MQYeGRG5ehnPAmxcf5mDZpv",
-          "type": "JsonWebKey2020",
-          "controller": "did:key:zDnaerx9CtbPJ1q36T5Ln5wYt3MQYeGRG5ehnPAmxcf5mDZpv",
-          "publicKeyJwk": {
-            "kty": "EC",
-            "crv": "P-256",
-            "x": "igrFmi0whuihKnj9R3Om1SoMph72wUGeFaBbzG2vzns",
-            "y": "efsX5b10x8yjyrj4ny3pGfLcY7Xby1KzgqOdqnsrJIM"
-          }
-        }
-      ],
-      "assertionMethod": [
-        "did:key:zDnaerx9CtbPJ1q36T5Ln5wYt3MQYeGRG5ehnPAmxcf5mDZpv#zDnaerx9CtbPJ1q36T5Ln5wYt3MQYeGRG5ehnPAmxcf5mDZpv"
-      ],
-      "authentication": [
-        "did:key:zDnaerx9CtbPJ1q36T5Ln5wYt3MQYeGRG5ehnPAmxcf5mDZpv#zDnaerx9CtbPJ1q36T5Ln5wYt3MQYeGRG5ehnPAmxcf5mDZpv"
-      ],
-      "capabilityInvocation": [
-        "did:key:zDnaerx9CtbPJ1q36T5Ln5wYt3MQYeGRG5ehnPAmxcf5mDZpv#zDnaerx9CtbPJ1q36T5Ln5wYt3MQYeGRG5ehnPAmxcf5mDZpv"
-      ],
-      "capabilityDelegation": [
-        "did:key:zDnaerx9CtbPJ1q36T5Ln5wYt3MQYeGRG5ehnPAmxcf5mDZpv#zDnaerx9CtbPJ1q36T5Ln5wYt3MQYeGRG5ehnPAmxcf5mDZpv"
-      ],
-      "keyAgreement": [
-        "did:key:zDnaerx9CtbPJ1q36T5Ln5wYt3MQYeGRG5ehnPAmxcf5mDZpv#zDnaerx9CtbPJ1q36T5Ln5wYt3MQYeGRG5ehnPAmxcf5mDZpv"
-      ]
-    }
-  },
-  "did:key:zDnaerDaTF5BXEavCrfRZEk316dpbLsfPDZ3WJ5hRTPFU2169": {
-    "verificationMethod": {
-      "id": "#zDnaerDaTF5BXEavCrfRZEk316dpbLsfPDZ3WJ5hRTPFU2169",
-      "type": "JsonWebKey2020",
-      "controller": "did:key:zDnaerDaTF5BXEavCrfRZEk316dpbLsfPDZ3WJ5hRTPFU2169",
-      "publicKeyJwk": {
-        "kty": "EC",
-        "crv": "P-256",
-        "x": "fyNYMN0976ci7xqiSdag3buk-ZCwgXU4kz9XNkBlNUI",
-        "y": "hW2ojTNfH7Jbi8--CJUo3OCbH3y5n91g-IMA9MLMbTU"
-      },
-      "privateKeyJwk": {
-        "kty": "EC",
-        "crv": "P-256",
-        "x": "fyNYMN0976ci7xqiSdag3buk-ZCwgXU4kz9XNkBlNUI",
-        "y": "hW2ojTNfH7Jbi8--CJUo3OCbH3y5n91g-IMA9MLMbTU",
-        "d": "YjRs6vNvw4sYrzVVY8ipkEpDAD9PFqw1sUnvPRMA-WI"
-      }
-    },
-    "didDocument": {
-      "@context": [
-        "https://www.w3.org/ns/did/v1",
-        "https://w3id.org/security/suites/jws-2020/v1"
-      ],
-      "id": "did:key:zDnaerDaTF5BXEavCrfRZEk316dpbLsfPDZ3WJ5hRTPFU2169",
-      "verificationMethod": [
-        {
-          "id": "did:key:zDnaerDaTF5BXEavCrfRZEk316dpbLsfPDZ3WJ5hRTPFU2169#zDnaerDaTF5BXEavCrfRZEk316dpbLsfPDZ3WJ5hRTPFU2169",
-          "type": "JsonWebKey2020",
-          "controller": "did:key:zDnaerDaTF5BXEavCrfRZEk316dpbLsfPDZ3WJ5hRTPFU2169",
-          "publicKeyJwk": {
-            "kty": "EC",
-            "crv": "P-256",
-            "x": "fyNYMN0976ci7xqiSdag3buk-ZCwgXU4kz9XNkBlNUI",
-            "y": "hW2ojTNfH7Jbi8--CJUo3OCbH3y5n91g-IMA9MLMbTU"
-          }
-        }
-      ],
-      "assertionMethod": [
-        "did:key:zDnaerDaTF5BXEavCrfRZEk316dpbLsfPDZ3WJ5hRTPFU2169#zDnaerDaTF5BXEavCrfRZEk316dpbLsfPDZ3WJ5hRTPFU2169"
-      ],
-      "authentication": [
-        "did:key:zDnaerDaTF5BXEavCrfRZEk316dpbLsfPDZ3WJ5hRTPFU2169#zDnaerDaTF5BXEavCrfRZEk316dpbLsfPDZ3WJ5hRTPFU2169"
-      ],
-      "capabilityInvocation": [
-        "did:key:zDnaerDaTF5BXEavCrfRZEk316dpbLsfPDZ3WJ5hRTPFU2169#zDnaerDaTF5BXEavCrfRZEk316dpbLsfPDZ3WJ5hRTPFU2169"
-      ],
-      "capabilityDelegation": [
-        "did:key:zDnaerDaTF5BXEavCrfRZEk316dpbLsfPDZ3WJ5hRTPFU2169#zDnaerDaTF5BXEavCrfRZEk316dpbLsfPDZ3WJ5hRTPFU2169"
-      ],
-      "keyAgreement": [
-        "did:key:zDnaerDaTF5BXEavCrfRZEk316dpbLsfPDZ3WJ5hRTPFU2169#zDnaerDaTF5BXEavCrfRZEk316dpbLsfPDZ3WJ5hRTPFU2169"
-      ]
-    }
-  },
-  "did:key:z82Lm1MpAkeJcix9K8TMiLd5NMAhnwkjjCBeWHXyu3U4oT2MVJJKXkcVBgjGhnLBn2Kaau9": {
-    "verificationMethod": {
-      "id": "#z82Lm1MpAkeJcix9K8TMiLd5NMAhnwkjjCBeWHXyu3U4oT2MVJJKXkcVBgjGhnLBn2Kaau9",
-      "type": "JsonWebKey2020",
-      "controller": "did:key:z82Lm1MpAkeJcix9K8TMiLd5NMAhnwkjjCBeWHXyu3U4oT2MVJJKXkcVBgjGhnLBn2Kaau9",
-      "publicKeyJwk": {
-        "kty": "EC",
-        "crv": "P-384",
-        "x": "lInTxl8fjLKp_UCrxI0WDklahi-7-_6JbtiHjiRvMvhedhKVdHBfi2HCY8t_QJyc",
-        "y": "y6N1IC-2mXxHreETBW7K3mBcw0qGr3CWHCs-yl09yCQRLcyfGv7XhqAngHOu51Zv"
-      },
-      "privateKeyJwk": {
-        "kty": "EC",
-        "crv": "P-384",
-        "x": "lInTxl8fjLKp_UCrxI0WDklahi-7-_6JbtiHjiRvMvhedhKVdHBfi2HCY8t_QJyc",
-        "y": "y6N1IC-2mXxHreETBW7K3mBcw0qGr3CWHCs-yl09yCQRLcyfGv7XhqAngHOu51Zv",
-        "d": "hAyGZNj9031guBCdpAOaZkO-E5m-LKLYnMIq0-msrp8JLctseaOeNTHmP3uKVWwX"
-      }
-    },
-    "didDocument": {
-      "@context": [
-        "https://www.w3.org/ns/did/v1",
-        "https://w3id.org/security/suites/jws-2020/v1"
-      ],
-      "id": "did:key:z82Lm1MpAkeJcix9K8TMiLd5NMAhnwkjjCBeWHXyu3U4oT2MVJJKXkcVBgjGhnLBn2Kaau9",
-      "verificationMethod": [
-        {
-          "id": "did:key:z82Lm1MpAkeJcix9K8TMiLd5NMAhnwkjjCBeWHXyu3U4oT2MVJJKXkcVBgjGhnLBn2Kaau9#z82Lm1MpAkeJcix9K8TMiLd5NMAhnwkjjCBeWHXyu3U4oT2MVJJKXkcVBgjGhnLBn2Kaau9",
-          "type": "JsonWebKey2020",
-          "controller": "did:key:z82Lm1MpAkeJcix9K8TMiLd5NMAhnwkjjCBeWHXyu3U4oT2MVJJKXkcVBgjGhnLBn2Kaau9",
-          "publicKeyJwk": {
-            "kty": "EC",
-            "crv": "P-384",
-            "x": "lInTxl8fjLKp_UCrxI0WDklahi-7-_6JbtiHjiRvMvhedhKVdHBfi2HCY8t_QJyc",
-            "y": "y6N1IC-2mXxHreETBW7K3mBcw0qGr3CWHCs-yl09yCQRLcyfGv7XhqAngHOu51Zv"
-          }
-        }
-      ],
-      "assertionMethod": [
-        "did:key:z82Lm1MpAkeJcix9K8TMiLd5NMAhnwkjjCBeWHXyu3U4oT2MVJJKXkcVBgjGhnLBn2Kaau9#z82Lm1MpAkeJcix9K8TMiLd5NMAhnwkjjCBeWHXyu3U4oT2MVJJKXkcVBgjGhnLBn2Kaau9"
-      ],
-      "authentication": [
-        "did:key:z82Lm1MpAkeJcix9K8TMiLd5NMAhnwkjjCBeWHXyu3U4oT2MVJJKXkcVBgjGhnLBn2Kaau9#z82Lm1MpAkeJcix9K8TMiLd5NMAhnwkjjCBeWHXyu3U4oT2MVJJKXkcVBgjGhnLBn2Kaau9"
-      ],
-      "capabilityInvocation": [
-        "did:key:z82Lm1MpAkeJcix9K8TMiLd5NMAhnwkjjCBeWHXyu3U4oT2MVJJKXkcVBgjGhnLBn2Kaau9#z82Lm1MpAkeJcix9K8TMiLd5NMAhnwkjjCBeWHXyu3U4oT2MVJJKXkcVBgjGhnLBn2Kaau9"
-      ],
-      "capabilityDelegation": [
-        "did:key:z82Lm1MpAkeJcix9K8TMiLd5NMAhnwkjjCBeWHXyu3U4oT2MVJJKXkcVBgjGhnLBn2Kaau9#z82Lm1MpAkeJcix9K8TMiLd5NMAhnwkjjCBeWHXyu3U4oT2MVJJKXkcVBgjGhnLBn2Kaau9"
-      ],
-      "keyAgreement": [
-        "did:key:z82Lm1MpAkeJcix9K8TMiLd5NMAhnwkjjCBeWHXyu3U4oT2MVJJKXkcVBgjGhnLBn2Kaau9#z82Lm1MpAkeJcix9K8TMiLd5NMAhnwkjjCBeWHXyu3U4oT2MVJJKXkcVBgjGhnLBn2Kaau9"
-      ]
-    }
-  },
-  "did:key:z82LkvCwHNreneWpsgPEbV3gu1C6NFJEBg4srfJ5gdxEsMGRJUz2sG9FE42shbn2xkZJh54": {
-    "verificationMethod": {
-      "id": "#z82LkvCwHNreneWpsgPEbV3gu1C6NFJEBg4srfJ5gdxEsMGRJUz2sG9FE42shbn2xkZJh54",
-      "type": "JsonWebKey2020",
-      "controller": "did:key:z82LkvCwHNreneWpsgPEbV3gu1C6NFJEBg4srfJ5gdxEsMGRJUz2sG9FE42shbn2xkZJh54",
-      "publicKeyJwk": {
-        "kty": "EC",
-        "crv": "P-384",
-        "x": "CA-iNoHDg1lL8pvX3d1uvExzVfCz7Rn6tW781Ub8K5MrDf2IMPyL0RTDiaLHC1JT",
-        "y": "Kpnrn8DkXUD3ge4mFxi-DKr0DYO2KuJdwNBrhzLRtfMa3WFMZBiPKUPfJj8dYNl_"
-      },
-      "privateKeyJwk": {
-        "kty": "EC",
-        "crv": "P-384",
-        "x": "CA-iNoHDg1lL8pvX3d1uvExzVfCz7Rn6tW781Ub8K5MrDf2IMPyL0RTDiaLHC1JT",
-        "y": "Kpnrn8DkXUD3ge4mFxi-DKr0DYO2KuJdwNBrhzLRtfMa3WFMZBiPKUPfJj8dYNl_",
-        "d": "Xe1HHeh-UsrJPRNLR_Y06VTrWpZYBXi7a7kiRqCgwnAOlJZPwE-xzL3DIIVMavAL"
-      }
-    },
-    "didDocument": {
-      "@context": [
-        "https://www.w3.org/ns/did/v1",
-        "https://w3id.org/security/suites/jws-2020/v1"
-      ],
-      "id": "did:key:z82LkvCwHNreneWpsgPEbV3gu1C6NFJEBg4srfJ5gdxEsMGRJUz2sG9FE42shbn2xkZJh54",
-      "verificationMethod": [
-        {
-          "id": "did:key:z82LkvCwHNreneWpsgPEbV3gu1C6NFJEBg4srfJ5gdxEsMGRJUz2sG9FE42shbn2xkZJh54#z82LkvCwHNreneWpsgPEbV3gu1C6NFJEBg4srfJ5gdxEsMGRJUz2sG9FE42shbn2xkZJh54",
-          "type": "JsonWebKey2020",
-          "controller": "did:key:z82LkvCwHNreneWpsgPEbV3gu1C6NFJEBg4srfJ5gdxEsMGRJUz2sG9FE42shbn2xkZJh54",
-          "publicKeyJwk": {
-            "kty": "EC",
-            "crv": "P-384",
-            "x": "CA-iNoHDg1lL8pvX3d1uvExzVfCz7Rn6tW781Ub8K5MrDf2IMPyL0RTDiaLHC1JT",
-            "y": "Kpnrn8DkXUD3ge4mFxi-DKr0DYO2KuJdwNBrhzLRtfMa3WFMZBiPKUPfJj8dYNl_"
-          }
-        }
-      ],
-      "assertionMethod": [
-        "did:key:z82LkvCwHNreneWpsgPEbV3gu1C6NFJEBg4srfJ5gdxEsMGRJUz2sG9FE42shbn2xkZJh54#z82LkvCwHNreneWpsgPEbV3gu1C6NFJEBg4srfJ5gdxEsMGRJUz2sG9FE42shbn2xkZJh54"
-      ],
-      "authentication": [
-        "did:key:z82LkvCwHNreneWpsgPEbV3gu1C6NFJEBg4srfJ5gdxEsMGRJUz2sG9FE42shbn2xkZJh54#z82LkvCwHNreneWpsgPEbV3gu1C6NFJEBg4srfJ5gdxEsMGRJUz2sG9FE42shbn2xkZJh54"
-      ],
-      "capabilityInvocation": [
-        "did:key:z82LkvCwHNreneWpsgPEbV3gu1C6NFJEBg4srfJ5gdxEsMGRJUz2sG9FE42shbn2xkZJh54#z82LkvCwHNreneWpsgPEbV3gu1C6NFJEBg4srfJ5gdxEsMGRJUz2sG9FE42shbn2xkZJh54"
-      ],
-      "capabilityDelegation": [
-        "did:key:z82LkvCwHNreneWpsgPEbV3gu1C6NFJEBg4srfJ5gdxEsMGRJUz2sG9FE42shbn2xkZJh54#z82LkvCwHNreneWpsgPEbV3gu1C6NFJEBg4srfJ5gdxEsMGRJUz2sG9FE42shbn2xkZJh54"
-      ],
-      "keyAgreement": [
-        "did:key:z82LkvCwHNreneWpsgPEbV3gu1C6NFJEBg4srfJ5gdxEsMGRJUz2sG9FE42shbn2xkZJh54#z82LkvCwHNreneWpsgPEbV3gu1C6NFJEBg4srfJ5gdxEsMGRJUz2sG9FE42shbn2xkZJh54"
-      ]
-    }
-  },
-  "did:key:z2J9gaYxrKVpdoG9A4gRnmpnRCcxU6agDtFVVBVdn1JedouoZN7SzcyREXXzWgt3gGiwpoHq7K68X4m32D8HgzG8wv3sY5j7": {
-    "verificationMethod": {
-      "id": "#z2J9gaYxrKVpdoG9A4gRnmpnRCcxU6agDtFVVBVdn1JedouoZN7SzcyREXXzWgt3gGiwpoHq7K68X4m32D8HgzG8wv3sY5j7",
-      "type": "JsonWebKey2020",
-      "controller": "did:key:z2J9gaYxrKVpdoG9A4gRnmpnRCcxU6agDtFVVBVdn1JedouoZN7SzcyREXXzWgt3gGiwpoHq7K68X4m32D8HgzG8wv3sY5j7",
-      "publicKeyJwk": {
-        "kty": "EC",
-        "crv": "P-521",
-        "x": "ASUHPMyichQ0QbHZ9ofNx_l4y7luncn5feKLo3OpJ2nSbZoC7mffolj5uy7s6KSKXFmnNWxGJ42IOrjZ47qqwqyS",
-        "y": "AW9ziIC4ZQQVSNmLlp59yYKrjRY0_VqO-GOIYQ9tYpPraBKUloEId6cI_vynCzlZWZtWpgOM3HPhYEgawQ703RjC"
-      },
-      "privateKeyJwk": {
-        "kty": "EC",
-        "crv": "P-521",
-        "x": "ASUHPMyichQ0QbHZ9ofNx_l4y7luncn5feKLo3OpJ2nSbZoC7mffolj5uy7s6KSKXFmnNWxGJ42IOrjZ47qqwqyS",
-        "y": "AW9ziIC4ZQQVSNmLlp59yYKrjRY0_VqO-GOIYQ9tYpPraBKUloEId6cI_vynCzlZWZtWpgOM3HPhYEgawQ703RjC",
-        "d": "AHwRaNaGs0jkj_pT6PK2aHep7dJK-yxyoL2bIfVRAceq1baxoiFDo3W14c8E2YZn1k5S53r4a11flhQdaB5guJ_X"
-      }
-    },
-    "didDocument": {
-      "@context": [
-        "https://www.w3.org/ns/did/v1",
-        "https://w3id.org/security/suites/jws-2020/v1"
-      ],
-      "id": "did:key:z2J9gaYxrKVpdoG9A4gRnmpnRCcxU6agDtFVVBVdn1JedouoZN7SzcyREXXzWgt3gGiwpoHq7K68X4m32D8HgzG8wv3sY5j7",
-      "verificationMethod": [
-        {
-          "id": "did:key:z2J9gaYxrKVpdoG9A4gRnmpnRCcxU6agDtFVVBVdn1JedouoZN7SzcyREXXzWgt3gGiwpoHq7K68X4m32D8HgzG8wv3sY5j7#z2J9gaYxrKVpdoG9A4gRnmpnRCcxU6agDtFVVBVdn1JedouoZN7SzcyREXXzWgt3gGiwpoHq7K68X4m32D8HgzG8wv3sY5j7",
-          "type": "JsonWebKey2020",
-          "controller": "did:key:z2J9gaYxrKVpdoG9A4gRnmpnRCcxU6agDtFVVBVdn1JedouoZN7SzcyREXXzWgt3gGiwpoHq7K68X4m32D8HgzG8wv3sY5j7",
-          "publicKeyJwk": {
-            "kty": "EC",
-            "crv": "P-521",
-            "x": "ASUHPMyichQ0QbHZ9ofNx_l4y7luncn5feKLo3OpJ2nSbZoC7mffolj5uy7s6KSKXFmnNWxGJ42IOrjZ47qqwqyS",
-            "y": "AW9ziIC4ZQQVSNmLlp59yYKrjRY0_VqO-GOIYQ9tYpPraBKUloEId6cI_vynCzlZWZtWpgOM3HPhYEgawQ703RjC"
-          }
-        }
-      ],
-      "assertionMethod": [
-        "did:key:z2J9gaYxrKVpdoG9A4gRnmpnRCcxU6agDtFVVBVdn1JedouoZN7SzcyREXXzWgt3gGiwpoHq7K68X4m32D8HgzG8wv3sY5j7#z2J9gaYxrKVpdoG9A4gRnmpnRCcxU6agDtFVVBVdn1JedouoZN7SzcyREXXzWgt3gGiwpoHq7K68X4m32D8HgzG8wv3sY5j7"
-      ],
-      "authentication": [
-        "did:key:z2J9gaYxrKVpdoG9A4gRnmpnRCcxU6agDtFVVBVdn1JedouoZN7SzcyREXXzWgt3gGiwpoHq7K68X4m32D8HgzG8wv3sY5j7#z2J9gaYxrKVpdoG9A4gRnmpnRCcxU6agDtFVVBVdn1JedouoZN7SzcyREXXzWgt3gGiwpoHq7K68X4m32D8HgzG8wv3sY5j7"
-      ],
-      "capabilityInvocation": [
-        "did:key:z2J9gaYxrKVpdoG9A4gRnmpnRCcxU6agDtFVVBVdn1JedouoZN7SzcyREXXzWgt3gGiwpoHq7K68X4m32D8HgzG8wv3sY5j7#z2J9gaYxrKVpdoG9A4gRnmpnRCcxU6agDtFVVBVdn1JedouoZN7SzcyREXXzWgt3gGiwpoHq7K68X4m32D8HgzG8wv3sY5j7"
-      ],
-      "capabilityDelegation": [
-        "did:key:z2J9gaYxrKVpdoG9A4gRnmpnRCcxU6agDtFVVBVdn1JedouoZN7SzcyREXXzWgt3gGiwpoHq7K68X4m32D8HgzG8wv3sY5j7#z2J9gaYxrKVpdoG9A4gRnmpnRCcxU6agDtFVVBVdn1JedouoZN7SzcyREXXzWgt3gGiwpoHq7K68X4m32D8HgzG8wv3sY5j7"
-      ],
-      "keyAgreement": [
-        "did:key:z2J9gaYxrKVpdoG9A4gRnmpnRCcxU6agDtFVVBVdn1JedouoZN7SzcyREXXzWgt3gGiwpoHq7K68X4m32D8HgzG8wv3sY5j7#z2J9gaYxrKVpdoG9A4gRnmpnRCcxU6agDtFVVBVdn1JedouoZN7SzcyREXXzWgt3gGiwpoHq7K68X4m32D8HgzG8wv3sY5j7"
-      ]
-    }
-  },
-  "did:key:z2J9gcGdb2nEyMDmzQYv2QZQcM1vXktvy1Pw4MduSWxGabLZ9XESSWLQgbuPhwnXN7zP7HpTzWqrMTzaY5zWe6hpzJ2jnw4f": {
-    "verificationMethod": {
-      "id": "#z2J9gcGdb2nEyMDmzQYv2QZQcM1vXktvy1Pw4MduSWxGabLZ9XESSWLQgbuPhwnXN7zP7HpTzWqrMTzaY5zWe6hpzJ2jnw4f",
-      "type": "JsonWebKey2020",
-      "controller": "did:key:z2J9gcGdb2nEyMDmzQYv2QZQcM1vXktvy1Pw4MduSWxGabLZ9XESSWLQgbuPhwnXN7zP7HpTzWqrMTzaY5zWe6hpzJ2jnw4f",
-      "publicKeyJwk": {
-        "kty": "EC",
-        "crv": "P-521",
-        "x": "AQgyFy6EwH3_u_KXPw8aTXTY7WSVytmbuJeFpq4U6LipxtSmBJe_jjRzms9qubnwm_fGoHMQlvQ1vzS2YLusR2V0",
-        "y": "Ab06MCcgoG7dM2I-VppdLV1k3lDoeHMvyYqHVfP05Ep2O7Zu0Qwd6IVzfZi9K0KMDud22wdnGUpUtFukZo0EeO15"
-      },
-      "privateKeyJwk": {
-        "kty": "EC",
-        "crv": "P-521",
-        "x": "AQgyFy6EwH3_u_KXPw8aTXTY7WSVytmbuJeFpq4U6LipxtSmBJe_jjRzms9qubnwm_fGoHMQlvQ1vzS2YLusR2V0",
-        "y": "Ab06MCcgoG7dM2I-VppdLV1k3lDoeHMvyYqHVfP05Ep2O7Zu0Qwd6IVzfZi9K0KMDud22wdnGUpUtFukZo0EeO15",
-        "d": "AbheZ-AA58LP4BpopCGCLH8ZoMdkdJaVOS6KK2NNmDCisr5_Ifxl-qcunrkOJ0CSauA4LJyNbCWcy28Bo6zgHTXQ"
-      }
-    },
-    "didDocument": {
-      "@context": [
-        "https://www.w3.org/ns/did/v1",
-        "https://w3id.org/security/suites/jws-2020/v1"
-      ],
-      "id": "did:key:z2J9gcGdb2nEyMDmzQYv2QZQcM1vXktvy1Pw4MduSWxGabLZ9XESSWLQgbuPhwnXN7zP7HpTzWqrMTzaY5zWe6hpzJ2jnw4f",
-      "verificationMethod": [
-        {
-          "id": "did:key:z2J9gcGdb2nEyMDmzQYv2QZQcM1vXktvy1Pw4MduSWxGabLZ9XESSWLQgbuPhwnXN7zP7HpTzWqrMTzaY5zWe6hpzJ2jnw4f#z2J9gcGdb2nEyMDmzQYv2QZQcM1vXktvy1Pw4MduSWxGabLZ9XESSWLQgbuPhwnXN7zP7HpTzWqrMTzaY5zWe6hpzJ2jnw4f",
-          "type": "JsonWebKey2020",
-          "controller": "did:key:z2J9gcGdb2nEyMDmzQYv2QZQcM1vXktvy1Pw4MduSWxGabLZ9XESSWLQgbuPhwnXN7zP7HpTzWqrMTzaY5zWe6hpzJ2jnw4f",
-          "publicKeyJwk": {
-            "kty": "EC",
-            "crv": "P-521",
-            "x": "AQgyFy6EwH3_u_KXPw8aTXTY7WSVytmbuJeFpq4U6LipxtSmBJe_jjRzms9qubnwm_fGoHMQlvQ1vzS2YLusR2V0",
-            "y": "Ab06MCcgoG7dM2I-VppdLV1k3lDoeHMvyYqHVfP05Ep2O7Zu0Qwd6IVzfZi9K0KMDud22wdnGUpUtFukZo0EeO15"
-          }
-        }
-      ],
-      "assertionMethod": [
-        "did:key:z2J9gcGdb2nEyMDmzQYv2QZQcM1vXktvy1Pw4MduSWxGabLZ9XESSWLQgbuPhwnXN7zP7HpTzWqrMTzaY5zWe6hpzJ2jnw4f#z2J9gcGdb2nEyMDmzQYv2QZQcM1vXktvy1Pw4MduSWxGabLZ9XESSWLQgbuPhwnXN7zP7HpTzWqrMTzaY5zWe6hpzJ2jnw4f"
-      ],
-      "authentication": [
-        "did:key:z2J9gcGdb2nEyMDmzQYv2QZQcM1vXktvy1Pw4MduSWxGabLZ9XESSWLQgbuPhwnXN7zP7HpTzWqrMTzaY5zWe6hpzJ2jnw4f#z2J9gcGdb2nEyMDmzQYv2QZQcM1vXktvy1Pw4MduSWxGabLZ9XESSWLQgbuPhwnXN7zP7HpTzWqrMTzaY5zWe6hpzJ2jnw4f"
-      ],
-      "capabilityInvocation": [
-        "did:key:z2J9gcGdb2nEyMDmzQYv2QZQcM1vXktvy1Pw4MduSWxGabLZ9XESSWLQgbuPhwnXN7zP7HpTzWqrMTzaY5zWe6hpzJ2jnw4f#z2J9gcGdb2nEyMDmzQYv2QZQcM1vXktvy1Pw4MduSWxGabLZ9XESSWLQgbuPhwnXN7zP7HpTzWqrMTzaY5zWe6hpzJ2jnw4f"
-      ],
-      "capabilityDelegation": [
-        "did:key:z2J9gcGdb2nEyMDmzQYv2QZQcM1vXktvy1Pw4MduSWxGabLZ9XESSWLQgbuPhwnXN7zP7HpTzWqrMTzaY5zWe6hpzJ2jnw4f#z2J9gcGdb2nEyMDmzQYv2QZQcM1vXktvy1Pw4MduSWxGabLZ9XESSWLQgbuPhwnXN7zP7HpTzWqrMTzaY5zWe6hpzJ2jnw4f"
-      ],
-      "keyAgreement": [
-        "did:key:z2J9gcGdb2nEyMDmzQYv2QZQcM1vXktvy1Pw4MduSWxGabLZ9XESSWLQgbuPhwnXN7zP7HpTzWqrMTzaY5zWe6hpzJ2jnw4f#z2J9gcGdb2nEyMDmzQYv2QZQcM1vXktvy1Pw4MduSWxGabLZ9XESSWLQgbuPhwnXN7zP7HpTzWqrMTzaY5zWe6hpzJ2jnw4f"
-      ]
-    }
-  },
-  "did:key:zDnaeTiq1PdzvZXUaMdezchcMJQpBdH2VN4pgrrEhMCCbmwSb": {
-    "verificationMethod": {
-      "id": "did:key:zDnaeTiq1PdzvZXUaMdezchcMJQpBdH2VN4pgrrEhMCCbmwSb#zDnaeTiq1PdzvZXUaMdezchcMJQpBdH2VN4pgrrEhMCCbmwSb",
-      "type": "P256Key2021",
-      "controller": "did:key:zDnaeTiq1PdzvZXUaMdezchcMJQpBdH2VN4pgrrEhMCCbmwSb",
-      "publicKeyBase58": "ekVhkcBFq3w7jULLkBVye6PwaTuMbhJYuzwFnNcgQAPV",
-      "privateKeyBase58": "9p4VRzdmhsnq869vQjVCTrRry7u4TtfRxhvBFJTGU2Cp"
-    },
-    "didDocument": {
-      "@context": [
-        "https://www.w3.org/ns/did/v1",
-        "https://w3id.org/security/suites/multikey-2021/v1"
-      ],
-      "id": "did:key:zDnaeTiq1PdzvZXUaMdezchcMJQpBdH2VN4pgrrEhMCCbmwSb",
-      "verificationMethod": [
-        {
-          "id": "did:key:zDnaeTiq1PdzvZXUaMdezchcMJQpBdH2VN4pgrrEhMCCbmwSb#zDnaeTiq1PdzvZXUaMdezchcMJQpBdH2VN4pgrrEhMCCbmwSb",
-          "type": "P256Key2021",
-          "controller": "did:key:zDnaeTiq1PdzvZXUaMdezchcMJQpBdH2VN4pgrrEhMCCbmwSb",
-          "publicKeyBase58": "ekVhkcBFq3w7jULLkBVye6PwaTuMbhJYuzwFnNcgQAPV"
-        }
-      ],
-      "assertionMethod": [
-        "did:key:zDnaeTiq1PdzvZXUaMdezchcMJQpBdH2VN4pgrrEhMCCbmwSb#zDnaeTiq1PdzvZXUaMdezchcMJQpBdH2VN4pgrrEhMCCbmwSb"
-      ],
-      "authentication": [
-        "did:key:zDnaeTiq1PdzvZXUaMdezchcMJQpBdH2VN4pgrrEhMCCbmwSb#zDnaeTiq1PdzvZXUaMdezchcMJQpBdH2VN4pgrrEhMCCbmwSb"
-      ],
-      "capabilityInvocation": [
-        "did:key:zDnaeTiq1PdzvZXUaMdezchcMJQpBdH2VN4pgrrEhMCCbmwSb#zDnaeTiq1PdzvZXUaMdezchcMJQpBdH2VN4pgrrEhMCCbmwSb"
-      ],
-      "capabilityDelegation": [
-        "did:key:zDnaeTiq1PdzvZXUaMdezchcMJQpBdH2VN4pgrrEhMCCbmwSb#zDnaeTiq1PdzvZXUaMdezchcMJQpBdH2VN4pgrrEhMCCbmwSb"
-      ],
-      "keyAgreement": [
-        "did:key:zDnaeTiq1PdzvZXUaMdezchcMJQpBdH2VN4pgrrEhMCCbmwSb#zDnaeTiq1PdzvZXUaMdezchcMJQpBdH2VN4pgrrEhMCCbmwSb"
-      ]
-    }
-  }
-}
--- a/did/testvectors/rsa.json
+++ b/did/testvectors/rsa.json
@@ -1,106 +0,0 @@
-{
-  "did:key:z4MXj1wBzi9jUstyPMS4jQqB6KdJaiatPkAtVtGc6bQEQEEsKTic4G7Rou3iBf9vPmT5dbkm9qsZsuVNjq8HCuW1w24nhBFGkRE4cd2Uf2tfrB3N7h4mnyPp1BF3ZttHTYv3DLUPi1zMdkULiow3M1GfXkoC6DoxDUm1jmN6GBj22SjVsr6dxezRVQc7aj9TxE7JLbMH1wh5X3kA58H3DFW8rnYMakFGbca5CB2Jf6CnGQZmL7o5uJAdTwXfy2iiiyPxXEGerMhHwhjTA1mKYobyk2CpeEcmvynADfNZ5MBvcCS7m3XkFCMNUYBS9NQ3fze6vMSUPsNa6GVYmKx2x6JrdEjCk3qRMMmyjnjCMfR4pXbRMZa3i": {
-    "publicKeyJwk": {
-      "kty": "RSA",
-      "n": "sbX82NTV6IylxCh7MfV4hlyvaniCajuP97GyOqSvTmoEdBOflFvZ06kR_9D6ctt45Fk6hskfnag2GG69NALVH2o4RCR6tQiLRpKcMRtDYE_thEmfBvDzm_VVkOIYfxu-Ipuo9J_S5XDNDjczx2v-3oDh5-CIHkU46hvFeCvpUS-L8TJSbgX0kjVk_m4eIb9wh63rtmD6Uz_KBtCo5mmR4TEtcLZKYdqMp3wCjN-TlgHiz_4oVXWbHUefCEe8rFnX1iQnpDHU49_SaXQoud1jCaexFn25n-Aa8f8bc5Vm-5SeRwidHa6ErvEhTvf1dz6GoNPp2iRvm-wJ1gxwWJEYPQ",
-      "e": "AQAB"
-    },
-    "privateKeyJwk": {
-      "kty": "RSA",
-      "n": "sbX82NTV6IylxCh7MfV4hlyvaniCajuP97GyOqSvTmoEdBOflFvZ06kR_9D6ctt45Fk6hskfnag2GG69NALVH2o4RCR6tQiLRpKcMRtDYE_thEmfBvDzm_VVkOIYfxu-Ipuo9J_S5XDNDjczx2v-3oDh5-CIHkU46hvFeCvpUS-L8TJSbgX0kjVk_m4eIb9wh63rtmD6Uz_KBtCo5mmR4TEtcLZKYdqMp3wCjN-TlgHiz_4oVXWbHUefCEe8rFnX1iQnpDHU49_SaXQoud1jCaexFn25n-Aa8f8bc5Vm-5SeRwidHa6ErvEhTvf1dz6GoNPp2iRvm-wJ1gxwWJEYPQ",
-      "e": "AQAB",
-      "d": "Eym3sT4KLwBzo5pl5nY83-hAti92iLQRizkrKe22RbNi9Y1kKOBatdtGaJqFVztZZu5ERGKNuTd5VdsjJeekSbXviVGRtdHNCvgmRZlWA5261AgIUPxMmKW062GmGJbKQvscFfziBgHK6tyDBd8cZavqMFHi-7ilMYF7IsFBcJKM85x_30pnfd4YwhGQIc9hzv238aOwYKg8c-MzYhEVUnL273jaiLVlfZWQ5ca-GXJHmdOb_Y4fE5gpXfPFBseqleXsMp0VuXxCEsN30LIJHYscdPtbzLD3LFbuMJglFbQqYqssqymILGqJ7Tc2mB2LmXevfqRWz5D7A_K1WzvuoQ",
-      "p": "ANwlk-eVXPQplCmr7VddX8MAlN5YWvfXkbJe2KOhyS7naSlfMyeW6I0z6q6MAI4h8cs9yEzwmN1oEl_6tZ_-NPd1Oda2Hq5jHx0Jq2P5exIMMbzTTHbB-LjMB4c-b1DZLOrL7ZpCS-CcEHvBz4phzHa7gqz2SrNIGozufbjS_tK5",
-      "q": "AM6nKRFqRgHiUtGc0xJawpXJeokGhJQFfinDlakjkptuRQNv0BOz8fRUxk6zwwYrx-T_Yk-0oAFsD8qWIgiXg8Wf0bdRW0L0dIH4c6ff3mSREXeAT2h3XDaF0F1YKns08WyYWtOuIiYWChyO9sweK7AUuaOJ-6lr6lElzTGHVf-l",
-      "dp": "AIHFBPK2cRzchaIq3rVpLVHdveNzYexG_nOOxVVvwRANCUiB_b2Qj3Ts7aIGlS0zhTyxJql0Cig5eNtrBjVRvBdC2t1ebaeOdoC_enBsV8fDuG3-gExg-ySz4JwwiZ2252tg2qbb_a5hULYjARwpmkVDMzyR0mbsUfpRe3q_pcbB",
-      "dq": "Id2bCVOVLXHdiKReor9k7A8cmaAL0gYkasu2lwVRXU9w1-NXAiOXHydVaEhlSXmbRJflkJJVNmZzIAwCf830tko-oAAhKJPPFA2XRoeVdn2fkynf2YrV_cloICP2skI23kkJeW8sAXnTJmL3ZvP6zNxYn8hZCaa5u5qqSdeX7FE",
-      "qi": "WKIToXXnjl7GDbz7jCNbX9nWYOE5BDNzVmwiVOnyGoTZfwJ_qtgizj7pOapxi6dT9S9mMavmeAi6LAsEe1WUWtaKSNhbNh0PUGGXlXHGlhkS8jI1ot0e-scrHAuACE567YQ4VurpNorPKtZ5UENXIn74DEmt4l5m6902VF3X5Wo"
-    },
-    "didDocument": {
-      "@context": [
-        "https://www.w3.org/ns/did/v1",
-        "https://w3id.org/security/suites/jws-2020/v1"
-      ],
-      "id": "did:key:z4MXj1wBzi9jUstyPMS4jQqB6KdJaiatPkAtVtGc6bQEQEEsKTic4G7Rou3iBf9vPmT5dbkm9qsZsuVNjq8HCuW1w24nhBFGkRE4cd2Uf2tfrB3N7h4mnyPp1BF3ZttHTYv3DLUPi1zMdkULiow3M1GfXkoC6DoxDUm1jmN6GBj22SjVsr6dxezRVQc7aj9TxE7JLbMH1wh5X3kA58H3DFW8rnYMakFGbca5CB2Jf6CnGQZmL7o5uJAdTwXfy2iiiyPxXEGerMhHwhjTA1mKYobyk2CpeEcmvynADfNZ5MBvcCS7m3XkFCMNUYBS9NQ3fze6vMSUPsNa6GVYmKx2x6JrdEjCk3qRMMmyjnjCMfR4pXbRMZa3i",
-      "verificationMethod": [
-        {
-          "id": "did:key:z4MXj1wBzi9jUstyPMS4jQqB6KdJaiatPkAtVtGc6bQEQEEsKTic4G7Rou3iBf9vPmT5dbkm9qsZsuVNjq8HCuW1w24nhBFGkRE4cd2Uf2tfrB3N7h4mnyPp1BF3ZttHTYv3DLUPi1zMdkULiow3M1GfXkoC6DoxDUm1jmN6GBj22SjVsr6dxezRVQc7aj9TxE7JLbMH1wh5X3kA58H3DFW8rnYMakFGbca5CB2Jf6CnGQZmL7o5uJAdTwXfy2iiiyPxXEGerMhHwhjTA1mKYobyk2CpeEcmvynADfNZ5MBvcCS7m3XkFCMNUYBS9NQ3fze6vMSUPsNa6GVYmKx2x6JrdEjCk3qRMMmyjnjCMfR4pXbRMZa3i#z4MXj1wBzi9jUstyPMS4jQqB6KdJaiatPkAtVtGc6bQEQEEsKTic4G7Rou3iBf9vPmT5dbkm9qsZsuVNjq8HCuW1w24nhBFGkRE4cd2Uf2tfrB3N7h4mnyPp1BF3ZttHTYv3DLUPi1zMdkULiow3M1GfXkoC6DoxDUm1jmN6GBj22SjVsr6dxezRVQc7aj9TxE7JLbMH1wh5X3kA58H3DFW8rnYMakFGbca5CB2Jf6CnGQZmL7o5uJAdTwXfy2iiiyPxXEGerMhHwhjTA1mKYobyk2CpeEcmvynADfNZ5MBvcCS7m3XkFCMNUYBS9NQ3fze6vMSUPsNa6GVYmKx2x6JrdEjCk3qRMMmyjnjCMfR4pXbRMZa3i",
-          "type": "JsonWebKey2020",
-          "controller": "did:key:z4MXj1wBzi9jUstyPMS4jQqB6KdJaiatPkAtVtGc6bQEQEEsKTic4G7Rou3iBf9vPmT5dbkm9qsZsuVNjq8HCuW1w24nhBFGkRE4cd2Uf2tfrB3N7h4mnyPp1BF3ZttHTYv3DLUPi1zMdkULiow3M1GfXkoC6DoxDUm1jmN6GBj22SjVsr6dxezRVQc7aj9TxE7JLbMH1wh5X3kA58H3DFW8rnYMakFGbca5CB2Jf6CnGQZmL7o5uJAdTwXfy2iiiyPxXEGerMhHwhjTA1mKYobyk2CpeEcmvynADfNZ5MBvcCS7m3XkFCMNUYBS9NQ3fze6vMSUPsNa6GVYmKx2x6JrdEjCk3qRMMmyjnjCMfR4pXbRMZa3i",
-          "publicKeyJwk": {
-            "kty": "RSA",
-            "n": "sbX82NTV6IylxCh7MfV4hlyvaniCajuP97GyOqSvTmoEdBOflFvZ06kR_9D6ctt45Fk6hskfnag2GG69NALVH2o4RCR6tQiLRpKcMRtDYE_thEmfBvDzm_VVkOIYfxu-Ipuo9J_S5XDNDjczx2v-3oDh5-CIHkU46hvFeCvpUS-L8TJSbgX0kjVk_m4eIb9wh63rtmD6Uz_KBtCo5mmR4TEtcLZKYdqMp3wCjN-TlgHiz_4oVXWbHUefCEe8rFnX1iQnpDHU49_SaXQoud1jCaexFn25n-Aa8f8bc5Vm-5SeRwidHa6ErvEhTvf1dz6GoNPp2iRvm-wJ1gxwWJEYPQ",
-            "e": "AQAB"
-          }
-        }
-      ],
-      "authentication": [
-        "did:key:z4MXj1wBzi9jUstyPMS4jQqB6KdJaiatPkAtVtGc6bQEQEEsKTic4G7Rou3iBf9vPmT5dbkm9qsZsuVNjq8HCuW1w24nhBFGkRE4cd2Uf2tfrB3N7h4mnyPp1BF3ZttHTYv3DLUPi1zMdkULiow3M1GfXkoC6DoxDUm1jmN6GBj22SjVsr6dxezRVQc7aj9TxE7JLbMH1wh5X3kA58H3DFW8rnYMakFGbca5CB2Jf6CnGQZmL7o5uJAdTwXfy2iiiyPxXEGerMhHwhjTA1mKYobyk2CpeEcmvynADfNZ5MBvcCS7m3XkFCMNUYBS9NQ3fze6vMSUPsNa6GVYmKx2x6JrdEjCk3qRMMmyjnjCMfR4pXbRMZa3i#z4MXj1wBzi9jUstyPMS4jQqB6KdJaiatPkAtVtGc6bQEQEEsKTic4G7Rou3iBf9vPmT5dbkm9qsZsuVNjq8HCuW1w24nhBFGkRE4cd2Uf2tfrB3N7h4mnyPp1BF3ZttHTYv3DLUPi1zMdkULiow3M1GfXkoC6DoxDUm1jmN6GBj22SjVsr6dxezRVQc7aj9TxE7JLbMH1wh5X3kA58H3DFW8rnYMakFGbca5CB2Jf6CnGQZmL7o5uJAdTwXfy2iiiyPxXEGerMhHwhjTA1mKYobyk2CpeEcmvynADfNZ5MBvcCS7m3XkFCMNUYBS9NQ3fze6vMSUPsNa6GVYmKx2x6JrdEjCk3qRMMmyjnjCMfR4pXbRMZa3i"
-      ],
-      "assertionMethod": [
-        "did:key:z4MXj1wBzi9jUstyPMS4jQqB6KdJaiatPkAtVtGc6bQEQEEsKTic4G7Rou3iBf9vPmT5dbkm9qsZsuVNjq8HCuW1w24nhBFGkRE4cd2Uf2tfrB3N7h4mnyPp1BF3ZttHTYv3DLUPi1zMdkULiow3M1GfXkoC6DoxDUm1jmN6GBj22SjVsr6dxezRVQc7aj9TxE7JLbMH1wh5X3kA58H3DFW8rnYMakFGbca5CB2Jf6CnGQZmL7o5uJAdTwXfy2iiiyPxXEGerMhHwhjTA1mKYobyk2CpeEcmvynADfNZ5MBvcCS7m3XkFCMNUYBS9NQ3fze6vMSUPsNa6GVYmKx2x6JrdEjCk3qRMMmyjnjCMfR4pXbRMZa3i#z4MXj1wBzi9jUstyPMS4jQqB6KdJaiatPkAtVtGc6bQEQEEsKTic4G7Rou3iBf9vPmT5dbkm9qsZsuVNjq8HCuW1w24nhBFGkRE4cd2Uf2tfrB3N7h4mnyPp1BF3ZttHTYv3DLUPi1zMdkULiow3M1GfXkoC6DoxDUm1jmN6GBj22SjVsr6dxezRVQc7aj9TxE7JLbMH1wh5X3kA58H3DFW8rnYMakFGbca5CB2Jf6CnGQZmL7o5uJAdTwXfy2iiiyPxXEGerMhHwhjTA1mKYobyk2CpeEcmvynADfNZ5MBvcCS7m3XkFCMNUYBS9NQ3fze6vMSUPsNa6GVYmKx2x6JrdEjCk3qRMMmyjnjCMfR4pXbRMZa3i"
-      ],
-      "capabilityDelegation": [
-        "did:key:z4MXj1wBzi9jUstyPMS4jQqB6KdJaiatPkAtVtGc6bQEQEEsKTic4G7Rou3iBf9vPmT5dbkm9qsZsuVNjq8HCuW1w24nhBFGkRE4cd2Uf2tfrB3N7h4mnyPp1BF3ZttHTYv3DLUPi1zMdkULiow3M1GfXkoC6DoxDUm1jmN6GBj22SjVsr6dxezRVQc7aj9TxE7JLbMH1wh5X3kA58H3DFW8rnYMakFGbca5CB2Jf6CnGQZmL7o5uJAdTwXfy2iiiyPxXEGerMhHwhjTA1mKYobyk2CpeEcmvynADfNZ5MBvcCS7m3XkFCMNUYBS9NQ3fze6vMSUPsNa6GVYmKx2x6JrdEjCk3qRMMmyjnjCMfR4pXbRMZa3i#z4MXj1wBzi9jUstyPMS4jQqB6KdJaiatPkAtVtGc6bQEQEEsKTic4G7Rou3iBf9vPmT5dbkm9qsZsuVNjq8HCuW1w24nhBFGkRE4cd2Uf2tfrB3N7h4mnyPp1BF3ZttHTYv3DLUPi1zMdkULiow3M1GfXkoC6DoxDUm1jmN6GBj22SjVsr6dxezRVQc7aj9TxE7JLbMH1wh5X3kA58H3DFW8rnYMakFGbca5CB2Jf6CnGQZmL7o5uJAdTwXfy2iiiyPxXEGerMhHwhjTA1mKYobyk2CpeEcmvynADfNZ5MBvcCS7m3XkFCMNUYBS9NQ3fze6vMSUPsNa6GVYmKx2x6JrdEjCk3qRMMmyjnjCMfR4pXbRMZa3i"
-      ],
-      "capabilityInvocation": [
-        "did:key:z4MXj1wBzi9jUstyPMS4jQqB6KdJaiatPkAtVtGc6bQEQEEsKTic4G7Rou3iBf9vPmT5dbkm9qsZsuVNjq8HCuW1w24nhBFGkRE4cd2Uf2tfrB3N7h4mnyPp1BF3ZttHTYv3DLUPi1zMdkULiow3M1GfXkoC6DoxDUm1jmN6GBj22SjVsr6dxezRVQc7aj9TxE7JLbMH1wh5X3kA58H3DFW8rnYMakFGbca5CB2Jf6CnGQZmL7o5uJAdTwXfy2iiiyPxXEGerMhHwhjTA1mKYobyk2CpeEcmvynADfNZ5MBvcCS7m3XkFCMNUYBS9NQ3fze6vMSUPsNa6GVYmKx2x6JrdEjCk3qRMMmyjnjCMfR4pXbRMZa3i#z4MXj1wBzi9jUstyPMS4jQqB6KdJaiatPkAtVtGc6bQEQEEsKTic4G7Rou3iBf9vPmT5dbkm9qsZsuVNjq8HCuW1w24nhBFGkRE4cd2Uf2tfrB3N7h4mnyPp1BF3ZttHTYv3DLUPi1zMdkULiow3M1GfXkoC6DoxDUm1jmN6GBj22SjVsr6dxezRVQc7aj9TxE7JLbMH1wh5X3kA58H3DFW8rnYMakFGbca5CB2Jf6CnGQZmL7o5uJAdTwXfy2iiiyPxXEGerMhHwhjTA1mKYobyk2CpeEcmvynADfNZ5MBvcCS7m3XkFCMNUYBS9NQ3fze6vMSUPsNa6GVYmKx2x6JrdEjCk3qRMMmyjnjCMfR4pXbRMZa3i"
-      ],
-      "keyAgreement": [
-        "did:key:z4MXj1wBzi9jUstyPMS4jQqB6KdJaiatPkAtVtGc6bQEQEEsKTic4G7Rou3iBf9vPmT5dbkm9qsZsuVNjq8HCuW1w24nhBFGkRE4cd2Uf2tfrB3N7h4mnyPp1BF3ZttHTYv3DLUPi1zMdkULiow3M1GfXkoC6DoxDUm1jmN6GBj22SjVsr6dxezRVQc7aj9TxE7JLbMH1wh5X3kA58H3DFW8rnYMakFGbca5CB2Jf6CnGQZmL7o5uJAdTwXfy2iiiyPxXEGerMhHwhjTA1mKYobyk2CpeEcmvynADfNZ5MBvcCS7m3XkFCMNUYBS9NQ3fze6vMSUPsNa6GVYmKx2x6JrdEjCk3qRMMmyjnjCMfR4pXbRMZa3i#z4MXj1wBzi9jUstyPMS4jQqB6KdJaiatPkAtVtGc6bQEQEEsKTic4G7Rou3iBf9vPmT5dbkm9qsZsuVNjq8HCuW1w24nhBFGkRE4cd2Uf2tfrB3N7h4mnyPp1BF3ZttHTYv3DLUPi1zMdkULiow3M1GfXkoC6DoxDUm1jmN6GBj22SjVsr6dxezRVQc7aj9TxE7JLbMH1wh5X3kA58H3DFW8rnYMakFGbca5CB2Jf6CnGQZmL7o5uJAdTwXfy2iiiyPxXEGerMhHwhjTA1mKYobyk2CpeEcmvynADfNZ5MBvcCS7m3XkFCMNUYBS9NQ3fze6vMSUPsNa6GVYmKx2x6JrdEjCk3qRMMmyjnjCMfR4pXbRMZa3i"
-      ]
-    }
-  },
-  "did:key: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": {
-    "publicKeyJwk": {
-      "kty": "RSA",
-      "n": "qMCkFFRFWtzUyZeK8mgJdyM6SEQcXC5E6JwCRVDld-jlJs8sXNOE_vliexq34wZRQ4hk53-JPFlvZ_QjRgIxdUxSMiZ3S5hlNVvvRaue6SMakA9ugQhnfXaWORro0UbPuHLms-bg5StDP8-8tIezu9c1H1FjwPcdbV6rAvKhyhnsM10qP3v2CPbdE0q3FOsihoKuTelImtO110E7N6fLn4U3EYbC4OyViqlrP1o_1M-R-tiM1cb4pD7XKJnIs6ryZdfOQSPBJwjNqSdN6Py_tdrFgPDTyacSSdpTVADOM2IMAoYbhV1N5APhnjOHBRFyKkF1HffQKpmXQLBqvUNNjuhmpVKWBtrTdcCKrglFXiw0cKGHKxIirjmiOlB_HYHg5UdosyE3_1Txct2U7-WBB6QXak1UgxCzgKYBDI8UPA0RlkUuHHP_Zg0fVXrXIInHO04MYxUeSps5qqyP6dJBu_v_BDn3zUq6LYFwJ_-xsU7zbrKYB4jaRlHPoCj_eDC-rSA2uQ4KXHBB8_aAqNFC9ukWxc26Ifz9dF968DLuL30bi-ZAa2oUh492Pw1bg89J7i4qTsOOfpQvGyDV7TGhKuUG3Hbumfr2w16S-_3EI2RIyd1nYsflE6ZmCkZQMG_lwDAFXaqfyGKEDouJuja4XH8r4fGWeGTrozIoniXT1HU",
-      "e": "AQAB"
-    },
-    "privateKeyJwk": {
-      "kty": "RSA",
-      "n": "qMCkFFRFWtzUyZeK8mgJdyM6SEQcXC5E6JwCRVDld-jlJs8sXNOE_vliexq34wZRQ4hk53-JPFlvZ_QjRgIxdUxSMiZ3S5hlNVvvRaue6SMakA9ugQhnfXaWORro0UbPuHLms-bg5StDP8-8tIezu9c1H1FjwPcdbV6rAvKhyhnsM10qP3v2CPbdE0q3FOsihoKuTelImtO110E7N6fLn4U3EYbC4OyViqlrP1o_1M-R-tiM1cb4pD7XKJnIs6ryZdfOQSPBJwjNqSdN6Py_tdrFgPDTyacSSdpTVADOM2IMAoYbhV1N5APhnjOHBRFyKkF1HffQKpmXQLBqvUNNjuhmpVKWBtrTdcCKrglFXiw0cKGHKxIirjmiOlB_HYHg5UdosyE3_1Txct2U7-WBB6QXak1UgxCzgKYBDI8UPA0RlkUuHHP_Zg0fVXrXIInHO04MYxUeSps5qqyP6dJBu_v_BDn3zUq6LYFwJ_-xsU7zbrKYB4jaRlHPoCj_eDC-rSA2uQ4KXHBB8_aAqNFC9ukWxc26Ifz9dF968DLuL30bi-ZAa2oUh492Pw1bg89J7i4qTsOOfpQvGyDV7TGhKuUG3Hbumfr2w16S-_3EI2RIyd1nYsflE6ZmCkZQMG_lwDAFXaqfyGKEDouJuja4XH8r4fGWeGTrozIoniXT1HU",
-      "e": "AQAB",
-      "d": "TMq1H-clVG7PihkjCqJbRFLMj9wmx6_qfauYwPBKK-HYfWujdW5vxBO6Q-jpqy7RxhiISmxYCBVuw_BuKMqQtR8Q_G9StBzaWYjHfn3Vp6Poz4umLqOjbI2NWNks_ybpGbd30oAK8V5ZkO04ozJpkN4i92hzK3mIc5-z1HiTNUPMn6cStab0VCn6em_ylltV774CEcRJ3OLgid7OUspRt_rID3qyreYbOulTu5WXHIGEnZDzrciIlz1dbcVldpUhD0VAP5ZErD2uUP5oztBNcTTn0YBF8CrOALuQVdaz_t_sNS3P0kWeT1eQ0QwDskO5Hw-Aey2tFeWk1bQyLoQ1A0jsw8mDbkO2zrGfJoxmVBkueTK-q64_n1kV7W1aeJFRj4NwEWmwcrs8GSOGOn38fGB_Y3Kci04qvD6L0QZbFkAVzcJracnxbTdHCEX0jsAAPbYC8M_8PyrPJvPC4IAAWTRrSRbysb7r7viRf4A1vTK9VT7uYyxj7Kzx2cU12d9QBXYfdQ2744bUE7HqN-Vh2rHvv2l5v6vzBRoZ5_OhHHVeUYwC9LouE9lSVAObbFM-Qe1SvzbbwN91LziI7UzUc_xMAEiNwt6PpnIAWAhdvSRawEllTwUcn89udHd5UhiAcm-RQOqXIdA9Aly6d8TT8R1p-ZnQ_gbZyBZeS39AuvU=",
-      "p": "1p4cypsJeTyVXXc5bQpvzVenPy78OHXtGcFQnbTjW8x1GsvJ-rlHAcjUImd44pgNQNe-iYpeUg3KqfONeedNgQCFd8kP7GoVAd45mEvsGBXvjoCXOBMQlsf8UU_hm_LKhVvTvTmMGoudnNv5qYNDMCGJGzwoG-aSvROlIoXzHmDnusZ-hKsDxM9j0PPz21t99Y_Fr30Oq3FIWXPVmLYmfyZYQkxm9a9WNMkqRbwJuMwGI6V9ABsQ1dW_KJzp_aEBbJLcDr9DsWhm9ErLeAlzyaDYEai6wCtKm9em4LDwCbKhJq3hWEp1sIG-hwx1sk7N4i-b8lBijjEQE-dbSQxUlw==",
-      "q": "yUqMejfrttGujadj7Uf7q91KM7nbQGny4TjD-CqibcFE-s2_DExCgP1wfhUPfJr2uPQDIe4g12uaNoa5GbCSDaQwEmQpurC_5mazt-z-_tbI24hoPQm5Hq67fZz-jDE_3OccLPLIWtajJqmxHbbB5VqskMuXo8KDxPRfBQBhykmb9_5M8pY2ggZOV4shCUn5E9nOnvibvw5Wx4CBtWUtca4rhpd3mVen1d8xCe4xTG_ni_w1lwdxzU1GmRFqgTuZWzL0r2FKzJg7hju1SOEe4tKMxQ-xs2HyNaMM__SLsNmS3lsYZ8r2hqcjEMQQZI0T_O-3BjIpyg986P8j055E0w==",
-      "dp": "DujzJRw6P0L3OYQT6EBmXgSt6NTRzvZaX4SvnhU4CmOc6xynTpTamwQhwLYhjtRzb0LNyO5k-RxeLQpvlL1-A-1OWHEOeyUvim6u36a-ozm659KFLu8cIu2H2PpMuTHX4gXsIuRBmIKEk6YwpRcqbsiVpt-6BZ4yKZKY0Vou9rhSwQYTOhJLc7vYumaIVX_4szumxzdP8pcvKI_EkhRtfj3iudBnAsCIo6gqGKgkoMMD1iwkEALRW5m66w5jrywlVi6pvRiKkmOna2da1V8KvUJAYJGxT7JyP3tu64M_Wd0gFvjTg_fAT1_kJau27YlOAl2-Xso43poH_OoAzIVfxw==",
-      "dq": "XI6Z76z9BxB9mgcpTLc3wzw63XQNnB3bn7JRcjBwhdVD2at3uLjsL5HaAy-98kbzQfJ56kUr9sI0o_Po8yYc0ob3z80c3wpdAx2gb-dbDWVH8KJVhBOPestPzR--cEpJGlNuwkBU3mgplyKaHZamq8a46M-lB5jurEbN1mfpj3GvdSYKzdVCdSFfLqP76eCI1pblinW4b-6w-oVdn0JJ1icHPpkxVmJW-2Hok69iHcqrBtRO9AZpTsTEvKekeI4mIyhYGLi9AzzQyhV0c3GImTXFoutng5t7GyzBUoRpI0W4YeQzYa6TEzGRTylIfGPemATF_OReENp0TlLbb3gsHw==",
-      "qi": "m7uZk4AsOfJ1V2RY8lmEF518toCV7juKuS_b_OUx8B0dRG0_kbF1cH-Tmrgsya3bwkYx5HeZG81rX7SRjh-0nVPOMW3tGqU5U9f59DXqvOItJIJ6wvWvWXnuna2-NstYCotFQWadIKjk4wjEKj-a4NJt4D_F4csyeyqWOH2DiUFzBGGxxdEoD5t_HEeNXuWQ6-SiV0x5ZVMln3TSh7IOMl70Smm8HcQF5mOsWg3N0wIg-yffxPrs6r15TRuW1MfT-bZk2GLrtHF1TkIoT1e00jWK4eBl2oRxiJGONUBMTEHV85Fr0yztnA99AgHnrMbE_4ehvev4h5DEWvFyFuJN_g=="
-    },
-    "didDocument": {
-      "@context": [
-        "https://www.w3.org/ns/did/v1",
-        "https://w3id.org/security/suites/jws-2020/v1"
-      ],
-      "id": "did:key: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",
-      "verificationMethod": [
-        {
-          "id": "did:key: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#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",
-          "type": "JsonWebKey2020",
-          "controller": "did:key: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",
-          "publicKeyJwk": {
-            "kty": "RSA",
-            "n": "qMCkFFRFWtzUyZeK8mgJdyM6SEQcXC5E6JwCRVDld-jlJs8sXNOE_vliexq34wZRQ4hk53-JPFlvZ_QjRgIxdUxSMiZ3S5hlNVvvRaue6SMakA9ugQhnfXaWORro0UbPuHLms-bg5StDP8-8tIezu9c1H1FjwPcdbV6rAvKhyhnsM10qP3v2CPbdE0q3FOsihoKuTelImtO110E7N6fLn4U3EYbC4OyViqlrP1o_1M-R-tiM1cb4pD7XKJnIs6ryZdfOQSPBJwjNqSdN6Py_tdrFgPDTyacSSdpTVADOM2IMAoYbhV1N5APhnjOHBRFyKkF1HffQKpmXQLBqvUNNjuhmpVKWBtrTdcCKrglFXiw0cKGHKxIirjmiOlB_HYHg5UdosyE3_1Txct2U7-WBB6QXak1UgxCzgKYBDI8UPA0RlkUuHHP_Zg0fVXrXIInHO04MYxUeSps5qqyP6dJBu_v_BDn3zUq6LYFwJ_-xsU7zbrKYB4jaRlHPoCj_eDC-rSA2uQ4KXHBB8_aAqNFC9ukWxc26Ifz9dF968DLuL30bi-ZAa2oUh492Pw1bg89J7i4qTsOOfpQvGyDV7TGhKuUG3Hbumfr2w16S-_3EI2RIyd1nYsflE6ZmCkZQMG_lwDAFXaqfyGKEDouJuja4XH8r4fGWeGTrozIoniXT1HU",
-            "e": "AQAB"
-          }
-        }
-      ],
-      "authentication": [
-        "did:key: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#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"
-      ],
-      "assertionMethod": [
-        "did:key:zgghBUVkqmWS8e1ioRVp2WN9Vw6x4NvnE9PGAyQsPqM3fnfPf8EdauiRVfBTcVDyzhqM5FFC7ekAvuV1cJHawtfgB9wDcru1hPDobk3hqyedijhgWmsYfJCmodkiiFnjNWATE7PvqTyoCjcmrc8yMRXmFPnoASyT5beUd4YZxTE9VfgmavcPy3BSouNmASMQ8xUXeiRwjb7xBaVTiDRjkmyPD7NYZdXuS93gFhyDFr5b3XLg7Rfj9nHEqtHDa7NmAX7iwDAbMUFEfiDEf9hrqZmpAYJracAjTTR8Cvn6mnDXMLwayNG8dcsXFodxok2qksYF4D8ffUxMRmyyQVQhhhmdSi4YaMPqTnC1J6HTG9Yfb98yGSVaWi4TApUhLXFow2ZvB6vqckCNhjCRL2R4MDUSk71qzxWHgezKyDeyThJgdxydrn1osqH94oSeA346eipkJvKqYREXBKwgB5VL6WF4qAK6sVZxJp2dQBfCPVZ4EbsBQaJXaVK7cNcWG8tZBFWZ79gG9Cu6C4u8yjBS8Ux6dCcJPUTLtixQu4z2n5dCsVSNdnP1EEs8ZerZo5pBgc68w4Yuf9KL3xVxPnAB1nRCBfs9cMU6oL1EdyHbqrTfnjE8HpY164akBqe92LFVsk8RusaGsVPrMekT8emTq5y8v8CabuZg5rDs3f9NPEtogjyx49wiub1FecM5B7QqEcZSYiKHgF4mfkteT2#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"
-      ],
-      "capabilityDelegation": [
-        "did:key: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#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"
-      ],
-      "capabilityInvocation": [
-        "did:key: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#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"
-      ],
-      "keyAgreement": [
-        "did:key: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#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"
-      ]
-    }
-  }
-}
--- a/did/testvectors/secp256k1.json
+++ b/did/testvectors/secp256k1.json
@@ -1,257 +0,0 @@
-{
-  "did:key:zQ3shokFTS3brHcDQrn82RUDfCZESWL1ZdCEJwekUDPQiYBme": {
-    "seed": "9085d2bef69286a6cbb51623c8fa258629945cd55ca705cc4e66700396894e0c",
-    "verificationKeyPair": {
-      "id": "#zQ3shokFTS3brHcDQrn82RUDfCZESWL1ZdCEJwekUDPQiYBme",
-      "type": "EcdsaSecp256k1VerificationKey2019",
-      "controller": "did:key:zQ3shokFTS3brHcDQrn82RUDfCZESWL1ZdCEJwekUDPQiYBme",
-      "publicKeyBase58": "23o6Sau8NxxzXcgSc3PLcNxrzrZpbLeBn1izfv3jbKhuv",
-      "privateKeyBase58": "AjA4cyPUbbfW5wr6iZeRbJLhgH3qDt6q6LMkRw36KpxT"
-    },
-    "didDocument": {
-      "@context": [
-        "https://www.w3.org/ns/did/v1",
-        "https://w3id.org/security/suites/secp256k1-2019/v1"
-      ],
-      "id": "did:key:zQ3shokFTS3brHcDQrn82RUDfCZESWL1ZdCEJwekUDPQiYBme",
-      "verificationMethod": [
-        {
-          "id": "did:key:zQ3shokFTS3brHcDQrn82RUDfCZESWL1ZdCEJwekUDPQiYBme#zQ3shokFTS3brHcDQrn82RUDfCZESWL1ZdCEJwekUDPQiYBme",
-          "type": "EcdsaSecp256k1VerificationKey2019",
-          "controller": "did:key:zQ3shokFTS3brHcDQrn82RUDfCZESWL1ZdCEJwekUDPQiYBme",
-          "publicKeyBase58": "23o6Sau8NxxzXcgSc3PLcNxrzrZpbLeBn1izfv3jbKhuv"
-        }
-      ],
-      "assertionMethod": [
-        "did:key:zQ3shokFTS3brHcDQrn82RUDfCZESWL1ZdCEJwekUDPQiYBme#zQ3shokFTS3brHcDQrn82RUDfCZESWL1ZdCEJwekUDPQiYBme"
-      ],
-      "authentication": [
-        "did:key:zQ3shokFTS3brHcDQrn82RUDfCZESWL1ZdCEJwekUDPQiYBme#zQ3shokFTS3brHcDQrn82RUDfCZESWL1ZdCEJwekUDPQiYBme"
-      ],
-      "capabilityInvocation": [
-        "did:key:zQ3shokFTS3brHcDQrn82RUDfCZESWL1ZdCEJwekUDPQiYBme#zQ3shokFTS3brHcDQrn82RUDfCZESWL1ZdCEJwekUDPQiYBme"
-      ],
-      "capabilityDelegation": [
-        "did:key:zQ3shokFTS3brHcDQrn82RUDfCZESWL1ZdCEJwekUDPQiYBme#zQ3shokFTS3brHcDQrn82RUDfCZESWL1ZdCEJwekUDPQiYBme"
-      ],
-      "keyAgreement": [
-        "did:key:zQ3shokFTS3brHcDQrn82RUDfCZESWL1ZdCEJwekUDPQiYBme#zQ3shokFTS3brHcDQrn82RUDfCZESWL1ZdCEJwekUDPQiYBme"
-      ]
-    }
-  },
-  "did:key:zQ3shtxV1FrJfhqE1dvxYRcCknWNjHc3c5X1y3ZSoPDi2aur2": {
-    "seed": "f0f4df55a2b3ff13051ea814a8f24ad00f2e469af73c363ac7e9fb999a9072ed",
-    "verificationKeyPair": {
-      "id": "#zQ3shtxV1FrJfhqE1dvxYRcCknWNjHc3c5X1y3ZSoPDi2aur2",
-      "type": "EcdsaSecp256k1VerificationKey2019",
-      "controller": "did:key:zQ3shtxV1FrJfhqE1dvxYRcCknWNjHc3c5X1y3ZSoPDi2aur2",
-      "publicKeyBase58": "291KzQhqCPC18PqH83XKhxv1HdqrdnxyS7dh15t2uNRzJ",
-      "privateKeyBase58": "HDbR1D5W3CoNbUKYzUbHH2PRF1atshtVupXgXTQhNB9E"
-    },
-    "didDocument": {
-      "@context": [
-        "https://www.w3.org/ns/did/v1",
-        "https://w3id.org/security/suites/secp256k1-2019/v1"
-      ],
-      "id": "did:key:zQ3shtxV1FrJfhqE1dvxYRcCknWNjHc3c5X1y3ZSoPDi2aur2",
-      "verificationMethod": [
-        {
-          "id": "did:key:zQ3shtxV1FrJfhqE1dvxYRcCknWNjHc3c5X1y3ZSoPDi2aur2#zQ3shtxV1FrJfhqE1dvxYRcCknWNjHc3c5X1y3ZSoPDi2aur2",
-          "type": "EcdsaSecp256k1VerificationKey2019",
-          "controller": "did:key:zQ3shtxV1FrJfhqE1dvxYRcCknWNjHc3c5X1y3ZSoPDi2aur2",
-          "publicKeyBase58": "291KzQhqCPC18PqH83XKhxv1HdqrdnxyS7dh15t2uNRzJ"
-        }
-      ],
-      "assertionMethod": [
-        "did:key:zQ3shtxV1FrJfhqE1dvxYRcCknWNjHc3c5X1y3ZSoPDi2aur2#zQ3shtxV1FrJfhqE1dvxYRcCknWNjHc3c5X1y3ZSoPDi2aur2"
-      ],
-      "authentication": [
-        "did:key:zQ3shtxV1FrJfhqE1dvxYRcCknWNjHc3c5X1y3ZSoPDi2aur2#zQ3shtxV1FrJfhqE1dvxYRcCknWNjHc3c5X1y3ZSoPDi2aur2"
-      ],
-      "capabilityInvocation": [
-        "did:key:zQ3shtxV1FrJfhqE1dvxYRcCknWNjHc3c5X1y3ZSoPDi2aur2#zQ3shtxV1FrJfhqE1dvxYRcCknWNjHc3c5X1y3ZSoPDi2aur2"
-      ],
-      "capabilityDelegation": [
-        "did:key:zQ3shtxV1FrJfhqE1dvxYRcCknWNjHc3c5X1y3ZSoPDi2aur2#zQ3shtxV1FrJfhqE1dvxYRcCknWNjHc3c5X1y3ZSoPDi2aur2"
-      ],
-      "keyAgreement": [
-        "did:key:zQ3shtxV1FrJfhqE1dvxYRcCknWNjHc3c5X1y3ZSoPDi2aur2#zQ3shtxV1FrJfhqE1dvxYRcCknWNjHc3c5X1y3ZSoPDi2aur2"
-      ]
-    }
-  },
-  "did:key:zQ3shZc2QzApp2oymGvQbzP8eKheVshBHbU4ZYjeXqwSKEn6N": {
-    "seed": "6b0b91287ae3348f8c2f2552d766f30e3604867e34adc37ccbb74a8e6b893e02",
-    "verificationKeyPair": {
-      "id": "#zQ3shZc2QzApp2oymGvQbzP8eKheVshBHbU4ZYjeXqwSKEn6N",
-      "type": "EcdsaSecp256k1VerificationKey2019",
-      "controller": "did:key:zQ3shZc2QzApp2oymGvQbzP8eKheVshBHbU4ZYjeXqwSKEn6N",
-      "publicKeyBase58": "oesQ92MLiAkt2pjBcJFbW7H4DvzKJv22cotjYbmC2JEe",
-      "privateKeyBase58": "8CrrWVdzDnvaS7vS5dd2HetFSebwEN46XEFrNDdtWZSZ"
-    },
-    "didDocument": {
-      "@context": [
-        "https://www.w3.org/ns/did/v1",
-        "https://w3id.org/security/suites/secp256k1-2019/v1"
-      ],
-      "id": "did:key:zQ3shZc2QzApp2oymGvQbzP8eKheVshBHbU4ZYjeXqwSKEn6N",
-      "verificationMethod": [
-        {
-          "id": "did:key:zQ3shZc2QzApp2oymGvQbzP8eKheVshBHbU4ZYjeXqwSKEn6N#zQ3shZc2QzApp2oymGvQbzP8eKheVshBHbU4ZYjeXqwSKEn6N",
-          "type": "EcdsaSecp256k1VerificationKey2019",
-          "controller": "did:key:zQ3shZc2QzApp2oymGvQbzP8eKheVshBHbU4ZYjeXqwSKEn6N",
-          "publicKeyBase58": "oesQ92MLiAkt2pjBcJFbW7H4DvzKJv22cotjYbmC2JEe"
-        }
-      ],
-      "assertionMethod": [
-        "did:key:zQ3shZc2QzApp2oymGvQbzP8eKheVshBHbU4ZYjeXqwSKEn6N#zQ3shZc2QzApp2oymGvQbzP8eKheVshBHbU4ZYjeXqwSKEn6N"
-      ],
-      "authentication": [
-        "did:key:zQ3shZc2QzApp2oymGvQbzP8eKheVshBHbU4ZYjeXqwSKEn6N#zQ3shZc2QzApp2oymGvQbzP8eKheVshBHbU4ZYjeXqwSKEn6N"
-      ],
-      "capabilityInvocation": [
-        "did:key:zQ3shZc2QzApp2oymGvQbzP8eKheVshBHbU4ZYjeXqwSKEn6N#zQ3shZc2QzApp2oymGvQbzP8eKheVshBHbU4ZYjeXqwSKEn6N"
-      ],
-      "capabilityDelegation": [
-        "did:key:zQ3shZc2QzApp2oymGvQbzP8eKheVshBHbU4ZYjeXqwSKEn6N#zQ3shZc2QzApp2oymGvQbzP8eKheVshBHbU4ZYjeXqwSKEn6N"
-      ],
-      "keyAgreement": [
-        "did:key:zQ3shZc2QzApp2oymGvQbzP8eKheVshBHbU4ZYjeXqwSKEn6N#zQ3shZc2QzApp2oymGvQbzP8eKheVshBHbU4ZYjeXqwSKEn6N"
-      ]
-    }
-  },
-  "did:key:zQ3shadCps5JLAHcZiuX5YUtWHHL8ysBJqFLWvjZDKAWUBGzy": {
-    "seed": "c0a6a7c560d37d7ba81ecee9543721ff48fea3e0fb827d42c1868226540fac15",
-    "verificationKeyPair": {
-      "id": "#zQ3shadCps5JLAHcZiuX5YUtWHHL8ysBJqFLWvjZDKAWUBGzy",
-      "type": "EcdsaSecp256k1VerificationKey2019",
-      "controller": "did:key:zQ3shadCps5JLAHcZiuX5YUtWHHL8ysBJqFLWvjZDKAWUBGzy",
-      "publicKeyBase58": "pg3p1vprqePgUoqfAQ1TTgxhL6zLYhHyzooR1pqLxo9F",
-      "privateKeyBase58": "Dy2fnt8ba4NmbRBXas9bo1BtYgpYFr6ThpFhJbuA3PRn"
-    },
-    "didDocument": {
-      "@context": [
-        "https://www.w3.org/ns/did/v1",
-        "https://w3id.org/security/suites/secp256k1-2019/v1"
-      ],
-      "id": "did:key:zQ3shadCps5JLAHcZiuX5YUtWHHL8ysBJqFLWvjZDKAWUBGzy",
-      "verificationMethod": [
-        {
-          "id": "did:key:zQ3shadCps5JLAHcZiuX5YUtWHHL8ysBJqFLWvjZDKAWUBGzy#zQ3shadCps5JLAHcZiuX5YUtWHHL8ysBJqFLWvjZDKAWUBGzy",
-          "type": "EcdsaSecp256k1VerificationKey2019",
-          "controller": "did:key:zQ3shadCps5JLAHcZiuX5YUtWHHL8ysBJqFLWvjZDKAWUBGzy",
-          "publicKeyBase58": "pg3p1vprqePgUoqfAQ1TTgxhL6zLYhHyzooR1pqLxo9F"
-        }
-      ],
-      "assertionMethod": [
-        "did:key:zQ3shadCps5JLAHcZiuX5YUtWHHL8ysBJqFLWvjZDKAWUBGzy#zQ3shadCps5JLAHcZiuX5YUtWHHL8ysBJqFLWvjZDKAWUBGzy"
-      ],
-      "authentication": [
-        "did:key:zQ3shadCps5JLAHcZiuX5YUtWHHL8ysBJqFLWvjZDKAWUBGzy#zQ3shadCps5JLAHcZiuX5YUtWHHL8ysBJqFLWvjZDKAWUBGzy"
-      ],
-      "capabilityInvocation": [
-        "did:key:zQ3shadCps5JLAHcZiuX5YUtWHHL8ysBJqFLWvjZDKAWUBGzy#zQ3shadCps5JLAHcZiuX5YUtWHHL8ysBJqFLWvjZDKAWUBGzy"
-      ],
-      "capabilityDelegation": [
-        "did:key:zQ3shadCps5JLAHcZiuX5YUtWHHL8ysBJqFLWvjZDKAWUBGzy#zQ3shadCps5JLAHcZiuX5YUtWHHL8ysBJqFLWvjZDKAWUBGzy"
-      ],
-      "keyAgreement": [
-        "did:key:zQ3shadCps5JLAHcZiuX5YUtWHHL8ysBJqFLWvjZDKAWUBGzy#zQ3shadCps5JLAHcZiuX5YUtWHHL8ysBJqFLWvjZDKAWUBGzy"
-      ]
-    }
-  },
-  "did:key:zQ3shptjE6JwdkeKN4fcpnYQY3m9Cet3NiHdAfpvSUZBFoKBj": {
-    "seed": "175a232d440be1e0788f25488a73d9416c04b6f924bea6354bf05dd2f1a75133",
-    "verificationKeyPair": {
-      "id": "#zQ3shptjE6JwdkeKN4fcpnYQY3m9Cet3NiHdAfpvSUZBFoKBj",
-      "type": "EcdsaSecp256k1VerificationKey2019",
-      "controller": "did:key:zQ3shptjE6JwdkeKN4fcpnYQY3m9Cet3NiHdAfpvSUZBFoKBj",
-      "publicKeyBase58": "24waDFAUAS16UpZwQQTXVEAmm17rQRjadjuAeBDW8aqL1",
-      "privateKeyBase58": "2aA6WgZnPiVMBX3LvKSTg3KaFKyzfKpvEacixB3yyTgv"
-    },
-    "didDocument": {
-      "@context": [
-        "https://www.w3.org/ns/did/v1",
-        "https://w3id.org/security/suites/secp256k1-2019/v1"
-      ],
-      "id": "did:key:zQ3shptjE6JwdkeKN4fcpnYQY3m9Cet3NiHdAfpvSUZBFoKBj",
-      "verificationMethod": [
-        {
-          "id": "did:key:zQ3shptjE6JwdkeKN4fcpnYQY3m9Cet3NiHdAfpvSUZBFoKBj#zQ3shptjE6JwdkeKN4fcpnYQY3m9Cet3NiHdAfpvSUZBFoKBj",
-          "type": "EcdsaSecp256k1VerificationKey2019",
-          "controller": "did:key:zQ3shptjE6JwdkeKN4fcpnYQY3m9Cet3NiHdAfpvSUZBFoKBj",
-          "publicKeyBase58": "24waDFAUAS16UpZwQQTXVEAmm17rQRjadjuAeBDW8aqL1"
-        }
-      ],
-      "assertionMethod": [
-        "did:key:zQ3shptjE6JwdkeKN4fcpnYQY3m9Cet3NiHdAfpvSUZBFoKBj#zQ3shptjE6JwdkeKN4fcpnYQY3m9Cet3NiHdAfpvSUZBFoKBj"
-      ],
-      "authentication": [
-        "did:key:zQ3shptjE6JwdkeKN4fcpnYQY3m9Cet3NiHdAfpvSUZBFoKBj#zQ3shptjE6JwdkeKN4fcpnYQY3m9Cet3NiHdAfpvSUZBFoKBj"
-      ],
-      "capabilityInvocation": [
-        "did:key:zQ3shptjE6JwdkeKN4fcpnYQY3m9Cet3NiHdAfpvSUZBFoKBj#zQ3shptjE6JwdkeKN4fcpnYQY3m9Cet3NiHdAfpvSUZBFoKBj"
-      ],
-      "capabilityDelegation": [
-        "did:key:zQ3shptjE6JwdkeKN4fcpnYQY3m9Cet3NiHdAfpvSUZBFoKBj#zQ3shptjE6JwdkeKN4fcpnYQY3m9Cet3NiHdAfpvSUZBFoKBj"
-      ],
-      "keyAgreement": [
-        "did:key:zQ3shptjE6JwdkeKN4fcpnYQY3m9Cet3NiHdAfpvSUZBFoKBj#zQ3shptjE6JwdkeKN4fcpnYQY3m9Cet3NiHdAfpvSUZBFoKBj"
-      ]
-    }
-  },
-  "did:key:zQ3shjmnWpSDEbYKpaFm4kTs9kXyqG6N2QwCYHNPP4yubqgJS": {
-    "verificationKeyPair": {
-      "id": "did:key:zQ3shjmnWpSDEbYKpaFm4kTs9kXyqG6N2QwCYHNPP4yubqgJS#zQ3shjmnWpSDEbYKpaFm4kTs9kXyqG6N2QwCYHNPP4yubqgJS",
-      "type": "JsonWebKey2020",
-      "controller": "did:key:zQ3shjmnWpSDEbYKpaFm4kTs9kXyqG6N2QwCYHNPP4yubqgJS",
-      "publicKeyJwk": {
-        "kty": "EC",
-        "crv": "secp256k1",
-        "x": "TEIJN9vnTq1EXMkqzo7yN_867-foKc2pREv45Fw_QA8",
-        "y": "9yiymlzdxKCiRbYq7p-ArRB-C1ytjHE-eb7RDTi6rVc"
-      },
-      "privateKeyJwk": {
-        "kty": "EC",
-        "crv": "secp256k1",
-        "x": "TEIJN9vnTq1EXMkqzo7yN_867-foKc2pREv45Fw_QA8",
-        "y": "9yiymlzdxKCiRbYq7p-ArRB-C1ytjHE-eb7RDTi6rVc",
-        "d": "J5yKm7OXFsXDEutteGYeT0CAfQJwIlHLSYkQxKtgiyo"
-      }
-    },
-    "didDocument": {
-      "@context": [
-        "https://www.w3.org/ns/did/v1",
-        "https://w3id.org/security/suites/jws-2020/v1"
-      ],
-      "id": "did:key:zQ3shjmnWpSDEbYKpaFm4kTs9kXyqG6N2QwCYHNPP4yubqgJS",
-      "verificationMethod": [
-        {
-          "id": "did:key:zQ3shjmnWpSDEbYKpaFm4kTs9kXyqG6N2QwCYHNPP4yubqgJS#zQ3shjmnWpSDEbYKpaFm4kTs9kXyqG6N2QwCYHNPP4yubqgJS",
-          "type": "JsonWebKey2020",
-          "controller": "did:key:zQ3shjmnWpSDEbYKpaFm4kTs9kXyqG6N2QwCYHNPP4yubqgJS",
-          "publicKeyJwk": {
-            "kty": "EC",
-            "crv": "secp256k1",
-            "x": "TEIJN9vnTq1EXMkqzo7yN_867-foKc2pREv45Fw_QA8",
-            "y": "9yiymlzdxKCiRbYq7p-ArRB-C1ytjHE-eb7RDTi6rVc"
-          }
-        }
-      ],
-      "assertionMethod": [
-        "did:key:zQ3shjmnWpSDEbYKpaFm4kTs9kXyqG6N2QwCYHNPP4yubqgJS#zQ3shjmnWpSDEbYKpaFm4kTs9kXyqG6N2QwCYHNPP4yubqgJS"
-      ],
-      "authentication": [
-        "did:key:zQ3shjmnWpSDEbYKpaFm4kTs9kXyqG6N2QwCYHNPP4yubqgJS#zQ3shjmnWpSDEbYKpaFm4kTs9kXyqG6N2QwCYHNPP4yubqgJS"
-      ],
-      "capabilityInvocation": [
-        "did:key:zQ3shjmnWpSDEbYKpaFm4kTs9kXyqG6N2QwCYHNPP4yubqgJS#zQ3shjmnWpSDEbYKpaFm4kTs9kXyqG6N2QwCYHNPP4yubqgJS"
-      ],
-      "capabilityDelegation": [
-        "did:key:zQ3shjmnWpSDEbYKpaFm4kTs9kXyqG6N2QwCYHNPP4yubqgJS#zQ3shjmnWpSDEbYKpaFm4kTs9kXyqG6N2QwCYHNPP4yubqgJS"
-      ],
-      "keyAgreement": [
-        "did:key:zQ3shjmnWpSDEbYKpaFm4kTs9kXyqG6N2QwCYHNPP4yubqgJS#zQ3shjmnWpSDEbYKpaFm4kTs9kXyqG6N2QwCYHNPP4yubqgJS"
-      ]
-    }
-  }
-}
--- a/did/testvectors/vectors.go
+++ b/did/testvectors/vectors.go
@@ -1,163 +0,0 @@
-//go:build jwx_es256k
-
-package testvectors
-
-import (
-	"crypto/ecdsa"
-	"crypto/ed25519"
-	"crypto/elliptic"
-	"crypto/rsa"
-	"crypto/x509"
-	"encoding/json"
-	"errors"
-
-	"github.com/decred/dcrd/dcrec/secp256k1/v4"
-	"github.com/lestrrat-go/jwx/v2/jwk"
-	"github.com/libp2p/go-libp2p/core/crypto"
-	"github.com/mr-tron/base58"
-)
-
-type Vectors map[string]Vector
-
-// This is pretty gross but the structure allows the repeated Verifier,
-// PublicKeyJwk and PublicKeyBase58 account for the fact that the test
-// files are very inconsistent.
-type Vector struct {
-	VerificationKeyPair Verifier
-	VerificationMethod  Verifier
-	PublicKeyJwk        json.RawMessage
-	DidDocument         json.RawMessage // TODO: if we start producing DID documents, we should test this too
-}
-
-type Verifier struct {
-	ID              string
-	Type            string
-	PublicKeyBase58 string
-	PublicKeyJwk    json.RawMessage
-}
-
-func (v Vector) PubKey() (crypto.PubKey, error) {
-	// If the public key is in base58
-	if pubB58 := v.PubKeyBase58(); len(pubB58) > 0 {
-		pubBytes, err := base58.Decode(pubB58)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-
-		t, err := v.PubKeyType()
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-
-		var unmarshaler crypto.PubKeyUnmarshaller
-
-		switch t {
-		case "Ed25519VerificationKey2018":
-			unmarshaler = crypto.UnmarshalEd25519PublicKey
-		case "EcdsaSecp256k1VerificationKey2019":
-			unmarshaler = crypto.UnmarshalSecp256k1PublicKey
-		// This is weak as it assumes the P256 curve - that's all the vectors contain (for now)
-		case "P256Key2021":
-			unmarshaler = compressedEcdsaPublicKeyUnmarshaler
-		default:
-			return nil, errors.New("failed to resolve unmarshaler")
-		}
-
-		return unmarshaler(pubBytes)
-	}
-
-	// If the public key is in a JWK
-	if pubJwk := v.PubKeyJwk(); len(pubJwk) > 0 {
-		key, err := jwk.ParseKey(pubJwk)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-
-		var a any
-
-		if err := key.Raw(&a); err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-
-		switch a.(type) {
-		case *ecdsa.PublicKey:
-			epub := a.(*ecdsa.PublicKey)
-
-			if epub.Curve == secp256k1.S256() {
-				bytes := append([]byte{0x04}, append(epub.X.Bytes(), epub.Y.Bytes()...)...)
-
-				return crypto.UnmarshalSecp256k1PublicKey(bytes)
-			}
-
-			asn1, err := x509.MarshalPKIXPublicKey(epub)
-			if err != nil {
-				return nil, err
-			}
-
-			return crypto.UnmarshalECDSAPublicKey(asn1)
-		case ed25519.PublicKey:
-			return crypto.UnmarshalEd25519PublicKey(a.(ed25519.PublicKey))
-		case *rsa.PublicKey:
-			asn1, err := x509.MarshalPKIXPublicKey(a.(*rsa.PublicKey))
-			if err != nil {
-				return nil, err
-			}
-
-			return crypto.UnmarshalRsaPublicKey(asn1)
-		default:
-			return nil, errors.New("unsupported key type")
-		}
-	}
-
-	// If we don't find a public key at all
-	return nil, errors.New("vector's public key not found")
-}
-
-func (v Vector) PubKeyBase58() string {
-	if len(v.VerificationKeyPair.PublicKeyBase58) > 0 {
-		return v.VerificationKeyPair.PublicKeyBase58
-	}
-
-	return v.VerificationMethod.PublicKeyBase58
-}
-
-func (v Vector) PubKeyJwk() json.RawMessage {
-	if len(v.VerificationKeyPair.PublicKeyJwk) > 0 {
-		return v.VerificationKeyPair.PublicKeyJwk
-	}
-
-	if len(v.VerificationMethod.PublicKeyJwk) > 0 {
-		return v.VerificationMethod.PublicKeyJwk
-	}
-
-	return v.PublicKeyJwk
-}
-
-func (v Vector) PubKeyType() (string, error) {
-	if len(v.VerificationKeyPair.Type) > 0 {
-		return v.VerificationKeyPair.Type, nil
-	}
-
-	if len(v.VerificationMethod.Type) > 0 {
-		return v.VerificationMethod.Type, nil
-	}
-
-	return "", errors.New("vector's type not found")
-}
-
-func compressedEcdsaPublicKeyUnmarshaler(data []byte) (crypto.PubKey, error) {
-	x, y := elliptic.UnmarshalCompressed(elliptic.P256(), data)
-
-	ecdsaPublicKey := ecdsa.PublicKey{
-		Curve: elliptic.P256(),
-		X:     x,
-		Y:     y,
-	}
-
-	asn1, err := x509.MarshalPKIXPublicKey(&ecdsaPublicKey)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	return crypto.UnmarshalECDSAPublicKey(asn1)
-}
--- a/did/testvectors/x25519.json
+++ b/did/testvectors/x25519.json
@@ -1,80 +0,0 @@
-{
-  "didDocument": {
-    "did:key:z6LSeu9HkTHSfLLeUs2nnzUSNedgDUevfNQgQjQC23ZCit6F": {
-      "@context": [
-        "https://www.w3.org/ns/did/v1",
-        "https://w3id.org/security/suites/x25519-2019/v1"
-      ],
-      "id": "did:key:z6LSeu9HkTHSfLLeUs2nnzUSNedgDUevfNQgQjQC23ZCit6F",
-      "verificationMethod": [
-        {
-          "id": "did:key:z6LSeu9HkTHSfLLeUs2nnzUSNedgDUevfNQgQjQC23ZCit6F#z6LSeu9HkTHSfLLeUs2nnzUSNedgDUevfNQgQjQC23ZCit6F",
-          "type": "X25519KeyAgreementKey2019",
-          "controller": "did:key:z6LSeu9HkTHSfLLeUs2nnzUSNedgDUevfNQgQjQC23ZCit6F",
-          "publicKeyBase58": "4Dy8E9UaZscuPUf2GLxV44RCNL7oxmEXXkgWXaug1WKV"
-        }
-      ],
-      "keyAgreement": [
-        "did:key:z6LSeu9HkTHSfLLeUs2nnzUSNedgDUevfNQgQjQC23ZCit6F#z6LSeu9HkTHSfLLeUs2nnzUSNedgDUevfNQgQjQC23ZCit6F"
-      ]
-    },
-    "did:key:z6LStiZsmxiK4odS4Sb6JmdRFuJ6e1SYP157gtiCyJKfrYha": {
-      "@context": [
-        "https://www.w3.org/ns/did/v1",
-        "https://w3id.org/security/suites/x25519-2019/v1"
-      ],
-      "id": "did:key:z6LStiZsmxiK4odS4Sb6JmdRFuJ6e1SYP157gtiCyJKfrYha",
-      "verificationMethod": [
-        {
-          "id": "did:key:z6LStiZsmxiK4odS4Sb6JmdRFuJ6e1SYP157gtiCyJKfrYha#z6LStiZsmxiK4odS4Sb6JmdRFuJ6e1SYP157gtiCyJKfrYha",
-          "type": "X25519KeyAgreementKey2019",
-          "controller": "did:key:z6LStiZsmxiK4odS4Sb6JmdRFuJ6e1SYP157gtiCyJKfrYha",
-          "publicKeyBase58": "J3PiFeuSyLugy4DKn87TwK5cnruRgPtxouzXUqg99Avp"
-        }
-      ],
-      "keyAgreement": [
-        "did:key:z6LStiZsmxiK4odS4Sb6JmdRFuJ6e1SYP157gtiCyJKfrYha#z6LStiZsmxiK4odS4Sb6JmdRFuJ6e1SYP157gtiCyJKfrYha"
-      ]
-    },
-    "did:key:z6LSoMdmJz2Djah2P4L9taDmtqeJ6wwd2HhKZvNToBmvaczQ": {
-      "@context": [
-        "https://www.w3.org/ns/did/v1",
-        "https://w3id.org/security/suites/x25519-2019/v1"
-      ],
-      "id": "did:key:z6LSoMdmJz2Djah2P4L9taDmtqeJ6wwd2HhKZvNToBmvaczQ",
-      "verificationMethod": [
-        {
-          "id": "did:key:z6LSoMdmJz2Djah2P4L9taDmtqeJ6wwd2HhKZvNToBmvaczQ#z6LSoMdmJz2Djah2P4L9taDmtqeJ6wwd2HhKZvNToBmvaczQ",
-          "type": "X25519KeyAgreementKey2019",
-          "controller": "did:key:z6LSoMdmJz2Djah2P4L9taDmtqeJ6wwd2HhKZvNToBmvaczQ",
-          "publicKeyBase58": "CgTbngDMe7yHHfxPMvhpaFRpFoQWKgXAgwenJj8PsFDe"
-        }
-      ],
-      "keyAgreement": [
-        "did:key:z6LSoMdmJz2Djah2P4L9taDmtqeJ6wwd2HhKZvNToBmvaczQ#z6LSoMdmJz2Djah2P4L9taDmtqeJ6wwd2HhKZvNToBmvaczQ"
-      ]
-    },
-    "did:key:z6LSrzxMVydCourtpA6JLEYupT7ZUQ34hLfQZfRN5H47zLdz": {
-      "@context": [
-        "https://www.w3.org/ns/did/v1",
-        "https://w3id.org/security/suites/jws-2020/v1"
-      ],
-      "id": "did:key:z6LSrzxMVydCourtpA6JLEYupT7ZUQ34hLfQZfRN5H47zLdz",
-      "verificationMethod": [
-        {
-          "id": "did:key:z6LSrzxMVydCourtpA6JLEYupT7ZUQ34hLfQZfRN5H47zLdz#z6LSrzxMVydCourtpA6JLEYupT7ZUQ34hLfQZfRN5H47zLdz",
-          "type": "JsonWebKey2020",
-          "controller": "did:key:z6LSrzxMVydCourtpA6JLEYupT7ZUQ34hLfQZfRN5H47zLdz",
-          "publicKeyJwk": {
-            "kty": "OKP",
-            "crv": "X25519",
-            "x": "467ap28wHJGEXJAb4mLrokqq8A-txA_KmoQTcj31XzU"
-          }
-        }
-      ],
-      "keyAgreement": [
-        "did:key:z6LSrzxMVydCourtpA6JLEYupT7ZUQ34hLfQZfRN5H47zLdz#z6LSrzxMVydCourtpA6JLEYupT7ZUQ34hLfQZfRN5H47zLdz"
-      ]
-    }
-  }
-}
--- a/go.mod
+++ b/go.mod
@@ -3,13 +3,9 @@ module github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan
 go 1.23

 require (
-	github.com/dave/jennifer v1.7.1
-	github.com/decred/dcrd/dcrec/secp256k1/v4 v4.3.0
 	github.com/ipfs/go-cid v0.4.1
 	github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime v0.21.0
-	github.com/lestrrat-go/jwx/v2 v2.1.1
 	github.com/libp2p/go-libp2p v0.36.3
-	github.com/mr-tron/base58 v1.2.0
 	github.com/multiformats/go-multibase v0.2.0
 	github.com/multiformats/go-multicodec v0.9.0
 	github.com/multiformats/go-multihash v0.2.3
@@ -20,20 +16,15 @@ require (

 require (
 	github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1 // indirect
-	github.com/goccy/go-json v0.10.3 // indirect
+	github.com/decred/dcrd/dcrec/secp256k1/v4 v4.3.0 // indirect
 	github.com/google/go-cmp v0.5.9 // indirect
 	github.com/klauspost/cpuid/v2 v2.2.8 // indirect
-	github.com/lestrrat-go/blackmagic v1.0.2 // indirect
-	github.com/lestrrat-go/httpcc v1.0.1 // indirect
-	github.com/lestrrat-go/httprc v1.0.6 // indirect
-	github.com/lestrrat-go/iter v1.0.2 // indirect
-	github.com/lestrrat-go/option v1.0.1 // indirect
 	github.com/minio/sha256-simd v1.0.1 // indirect
+	github.com/mr-tron/base58 v1.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/multiformats/go-base32 v0.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/multiformats/go-base36 v0.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/polydawn/refmt v0.89.0 // indirect
-	github.com/segmentio/asm v1.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/spaolacci/murmur3 v1.1.0 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/crypto v0.25.0 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/sys v0.22.0 // indirect
--- a/go.sum
+++ b/go.sum
@@ -1,8 +1,5 @@
 github.com/BurntSushi/toml v0.3.1/go.mod h1:xHWCNGjB5oqiDr8zfno3MHue2Ht5sIBksp03qcyfWMU=
 github.com/cpuguy83/go-md2man/v2 v2.0.0-20190314233015-f79a8a8ca69d/go.mod h1:maD7wRr/U5Z6m/iR4s+kqSMx2CaBsrgA7czyZG/E6dU=
-github.com/dave/jennifer v1.7.1 h1:B4jJJDHelWcDhlRQxWeo0Npa/pYKBLrirAQoTN45txo=
-github.com/dave/jennifer v1.7.1/go.mod h1:nXbxhEmQfOZhWml3D1cDK5M1FLnMSozpbFN/m3RmGZc=
-github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.0/go.mod h1:J7Y8YcW2NihsgmVo/mv3lAwl/skON4iLHjSsI+c5H38=
 github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1 h1:vj9j/u1bqnvCEfJOwUhtlOARqs3+rkHYY13jYWTU97c=
 github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1/go.mod h1:J7Y8YcW2NihsgmVo/mv3lAwl/skON4iLHjSsI+c5H38=
 github.com/decred/dcrd/crypto/blake256 v1.0.1 h1:7PltbUIQB7u/FfZ39+DGa/ShuMyJ5ilcvdfma9wOH6Y=
@@ -12,8 +9,6 @@ github.com/decred/dcrd/dcrec/secp256k1/v4 v4.3.0/go.mod h1:v57UDF4pDQJcEfFUCRop3
 github.com/frankban/quicktest v1.14.6 h1:7Xjx+VpznH+oBnejlPUj8oUpdxnVs4f8XU8WnHkI4W8=
 github.com/frankban/quicktest v1.14.6/go.mod h1:4ptaffx2x8+WTWXmUCuVU6aPUX1/Mz7zb5vbUoiM6w0=
 github.com/go-yaml/yaml v2.1.0+incompatible/go.mod h1:w2MrLa16VYP0jy6N7M5kHaCkaLENm+P+Tv+MfurjSw0=
-github.com/goccy/go-json v0.10.3 h1:KZ5WoDbxAIgm2HNbYckL0se1fHD6rz5j4ywS6ebzDqA=
-github.com/goccy/go-json v0.10.3/go.mod h1:oq7eo15ShAhp70Anwd5lgX2pLfOS3QCiwU/PULtXL6M=
 github.com/google/go-cmp v0.5.9 h1:O2Tfq5qg4qc4AmwVlvv0oLiVAGB7enBSJ2x2DqQFi38=
 github.com/google/go-cmp v0.5.9/go.mod h1:17dUlkBOakJ0+DkrSSNjCkIjxS6bF9zb3elmeNGIjoY=
 github.com/gopherjs/gopherjs v0.0.0-20181017120253-0766667cb4d1 h1:EGx4pi6eqNxGaHF6qqu48+N2wcFQ5qg5FXgOdqsJ5d8=
@@ -30,18 +25,6 @@ github.com/kr/pretty v0.3.1 h1:flRD4NNwYAUpkphVc1HcthR4KEIFJ65n8Mw5qdRn3LE=
 github.com/kr/pretty v0.3.1/go.mod h1:hoEshYVHaxMs3cyo3Yncou5ZscifuDolrwPKZanG3xk=
 github.com/kr/text v0.2.0 h1:5Nx0Ya0ZqY2ygV366QzturHI13Jq95ApcVaJBhpS+AY=
 github.com/kr/text v0.2.0/go.mod h1:eLer722TekiGuMkidMxC/pM04lWEeraHUUmBw8l2grE=
-github.com/lestrrat-go/blackmagic v1.0.2 h1:Cg2gVSc9h7sz9NOByczrbUvLopQmXrfFx//N+AkAr5k=
-github.com/lestrrat-go/blackmagic v1.0.2/go.mod h1:UrEqBzIR2U6CnzVyUtfM6oZNMt/7O7Vohk2J0OGSAtU=
-github.com/lestrrat-go/httpcc v1.0.1 h1:ydWCStUeJLkpYyjLDHihupbn2tYmZ7m22BGkcvZZrIE=
-github.com/lestrrat-go/httpcc v1.0.1/go.mod h1:qiltp3Mt56+55GPVCbTdM9MlqhvzyuL6W/NMDA8vA5E=
-github.com/lestrrat-go/httprc v1.0.6 h1:qgmgIRhpvBqexMJjA/PmwSvhNk679oqD1RbovdCGW8k=
-github.com/lestrrat-go/httprc v1.0.6/go.mod h1:mwwz3JMTPBjHUkkDv/IGJ39aALInZLrhBp0X7KGUZlo=
-github.com/lestrrat-go/iter v1.0.2 h1:gMXo1q4c2pHmC3dn8LzRhJfP1ceCbgSiT9lUydIzltI=
-github.com/lestrrat-go/iter v1.0.2/go.mod h1:Momfcq3AnRlRjI5b5O8/G5/BvpzrhoFTZcn06fEOPt4=
-github.com/lestrrat-go/jwx/v2 v2.1.1 h1:Y2ltVl8J6izLYFs54BVcpXLv5msSW4o8eXwnzZLI32E=
-github.com/lestrrat-go/jwx/v2 v2.1.1/go.mod h1:4LvZg7oxu6Q5VJwn7Mk/UwooNRnTHUpXBj2C4j3HNx0=
-github.com/lestrrat-go/option v1.0.1 h1:oAzP2fvZGQKWkvHa1/SAcFolBEca1oN+mQ7eooNBEYU=
-github.com/lestrrat-go/option v1.0.1/go.mod h1:5ZHFbivi4xwXxhxY9XHDe2FHo6/Z7WWmtT7T5nBBp3I=
 github.com/libp2p/go-buffer-pool v0.1.0 h1:oK4mSFcQz7cTQIfqbe4MIj9gLW+mnanjyFtc6cdF0Y8=
 github.com/libp2p/go-buffer-pool v0.1.0/go.mod h1:N+vh8gMqimBzdKkSMVuydVDq+UV5QTWy5HSiZacSbPg=
 github.com/libp2p/go-libp2p v0.36.3 h1:NHz30+G7D8Y8YmznrVZZla0ofVANrvBl2c+oARfMeDQ=
@@ -71,8 +54,6 @@ github.com/polydawn/refmt v0.89.0/go.mod h1:/zvteZs/GwLtCgZ4BL6CBsk9IKIlexP43ObX
 github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal v1.9.0 h1:73kH8U+JUqXU8lRuOHeVHaa/SZPifC7BkcraZVejAe8=
 github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal v1.9.0/go.mod h1:WtVeX8xhTBvf0smdhujwtBcq4Qrzq/fJaraNFVN+nFs=
 github.com/russross/blackfriday/v2 v2.0.1/go.mod h1:+Rmxgy9KzJVeS9/2gXHxylqXiyQDYRxCVz55jmeOWTM=
-github.com/segmentio/asm v1.2.0 h1:9BQrFxC+YOHJlTlHGkTrFWf59nbL3XnCoFLTwDCI7ys=
-github.com/segmentio/asm v1.2.0/go.mod h1:BqMnlJP91P8d+4ibuonYZw9mfnzI9HfxselHZr5aAcs=
 github.com/shurcooL/sanitized_anchor_name v1.0.0/go.mod h1:1NzhyTcUVG4SuEtjjoZeVRXNmyL/1OwPU0+IJeTBvfc=
 github.com/smartystreets/assertions v1.2.0 h1:42S6lae5dvLc7BrLu/0ugRtcFVjoJNMC/N3yZFZkDFs=
 github.com/smartystreets/assertions v1.2.0/go.mod h1:tcbTF8ujkAEcZ8TElKY+i30BzYlVhC/LOxJk7iOWnoo=
@@ -80,9 +61,6 @@ github.com/smartystreets/goconvey v1.7.2 h1:9RBaZCeXEQ3UselpuwUQHltGVXvdwm6cv1hg
 github.com/smartystreets/goconvey v1.7.2/go.mod h1:Vw0tHAZW6lzCRk3xgdin6fKYcG+G3Pg9vgXWeJpQFMM=
 github.com/spaolacci/murmur3 v1.1.0 h1:7c1g84S4BPRrfL5Xrdp6fOJ206sU9y293DDHaoy0bLI=
 github.com/spaolacci/murmur3 v1.1.0/go.mod h1:JwIasOWyU6f++ZhiEuf87xNszmSA2myDM2Kzu9HwQUA=
-github.com/stretchr/objx v0.1.0/go.mod h1:HFkY916IF+rwdDfMAkV7OtwuqBVzrE8GR6GFx+wExME=
-github.com/stretchr/testify v1.6.1/go.mod h1:6Fq8oRcR53rry900zMqJjRRixrwX3KX962/h/Wwjteg=
-github.com/stretchr/testify v1.7.1/go.mod h1:6Fq8oRcR53rry900zMqJjRRixrwX3KX962/h/Wwjteg=
 github.com/stretchr/testify v1.9.0 h1:HtqpIVDClZ4nwg75+f6Lvsy/wHu+3BoSGCbBAcpTsTg=
 github.com/stretchr/testify v1.9.0/go.mod h1:r2ic/lqez/lEtzL7wO/rwa5dbSLXVDPFyf8C91i36aY=
 github.com/urfave/cli v1.22.10/go.mod h1:Gos4lmkARVdJ6EkW0WaNv/tZAAMe9V7XWyB60NtXRu0=
@@ -108,7 +86,6 @@ gopkg.in/check.v1 v1.0.0-20190902080502-41f04d3bba15/go.mod h1:Co6ibVJAznAaIkqp8
 gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.2.2/go.mod h1:hI93XBmqTisBFMUTm0b8Fm+jr3Dg1NNxqwp+5A1VGuI=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.4.0 h1:D8xgwECY7CYvx+Y2n4sBz93Jn9JRvxdiyyo8CTfuKaY=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.4.0/go.mod h1:RDklbk79AGWmwhnvt/jBztapEOGDOx6ZbXqjP6csGnQ=
-gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.0-20200313102051-9f266ea9e77c/go.mod h1:K4uyk7z7BCEPqu6E+C64Yfv1cQ7kz7rIZviUmN+EgEM=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1 h1:fxVm/GzAzEWqLHuvctI91KS9hhNmmWOoWu0XTYJS7CA=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1/go.mod h1:K4uyk7z7BCEPqu6E+C64Yfv1cQ7kz7rIZviUmN+EgEM=
 gotest.tools/v3 v3.5.1 h1:EENdUnS3pdur5nybKYIh2Vfgc8IUNBjxDPSjtiJcOzU=
--- a/pkg/args/args.go
+++ b/pkg/args/args.go
@@ -1,137 +0,0 @@
-// Package args provides the type that represents the Arguments passed to
-// a command within an invocation.Token as well as a convenient Add method
-// to incrementally build the underlying map.
-package args
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"sort"
-	"strings"
-
-	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime"
-	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/datamodel"
-	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/fluent/qp"
-	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/node/basicnode"
-	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/printer"
-
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/pkg/policy/literal"
-)
-
-// Args are the Command's arguments when an invocation Token is processed by the executor.
-// This also serves as a way to construct the underlying IPLD data with minimum allocations
-// and transformations, while hiding the IPLD complexity from the caller.
-type Args struct {
-	// This type must be compatible with the IPLD type represented by the IPLD
-	// schema { String : Any }.
-
-	Keys   []string
-	Values map[string]ipld.Node
-}
-
-// New returns a pointer to an initialized Args value.
-func New() *Args {
-	return &Args{
-		Values: map[string]ipld.Node{},
-	}
-}
-
-// Add inserts a key/value pair in the Args set.
-//
-// Accepted types for val are any CBOR compatible type, or directly IPLD values.
-func (a *Args) Add(key string, val any) error {
-	if _, ok := a.Values[key]; ok {
-		return fmt.Errorf("duplicate key %q", key)
-	}
-
-	node, err := literal.Any(val)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	a.Values[key] = node
-	a.Keys = append(a.Keys, key)
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-// Include merges the provided arguments into the existing arguments.
-//
-// If duplicate keys are encountered, the new value is silently dropped
-// without causing an error.
-func (a *Args) Include(other *Args) {
-	for _, key := range other.Keys {
-		if _, ok := a.Values[key]; ok {
-			// don't overwrite
-			continue
-		}
-		a.Values[key] = other.Values[key]
-		a.Keys = append(a.Keys, key)
-	}
-}
-
-// ToIPLD wraps an instance of an Args with an ipld.Node.
-func (a *Args) ToIPLD() (ipld.Node, error) {
-	sort.Strings(a.Keys)
-
-	return qp.BuildMap(basicnode.Prototype.Any, int64(len(a.Keys)), func(ma datamodel.MapAssembler) {
-		for _, key := range a.Keys {
-			qp.MapEntry(ma, key, qp.Node(a.Values[key]))
-		}
-	})
-}
-
-// Equals tells if two Args hold the same values.
-func (a *Args) Equals(other *Args) bool {
-	if len(a.Keys) != len(other.Keys) {
-		return false
-	}
-	if len(a.Values) != len(other.Values) {
-		return false
-	}
-	for _, key := range a.Keys {
-		if !ipld.DeepEqual(a.Values[key], other.Values[key]) {
-			return false
-		}
-	}
-	return true
-}
-
-func (a *Args) String() string {
-	sort.Strings(a.Keys)
-
-	buf := strings.Builder{}
-	buf.WriteString("{")
-
-	for _, key := range a.Keys {
-		buf.WriteString("\n\t")
-		buf.WriteString(key)
-		buf.WriteString(": ")
-		buf.WriteString(strings.ReplaceAll(printer.Sprint(a.Values[key]), "\n", "\n\t"))
-		buf.WriteString(",")
-	}
-
-	if len(a.Keys) > 0 {
-		buf.WriteString("\n")
-	}
-	buf.WriteString("}")
-
-	return buf.String()
-}
-
-// ReadOnly returns a read-only version of Args.
-func (a *Args) ReadOnly() ReadOnly {
-	return ReadOnly{args: a}
-}
-
-// Clone makes a deep copy.
-func (a *Args) Clone() *Args {
-	res := &Args{
-		Keys:   make([]string, len(a.Keys)),
-		Values: make(map[string]ipld.Node, len(a.Values)),
-	}
-	copy(res.Keys, a.Keys)
-	for k, v := range a.Values {
-		res.Values[k] = v
-	}
-	return res
-}
--- a/pkg/args/args_test.go
+++ b/pkg/args/args_test.go
@@ -1,179 +0,0 @@
-package args_test
-
-import (
-	"sync"
-	"testing"
-
-	"github.com/ipfs/go-cid"
-	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime"
-	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/codec/dagcbor"
-	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/datamodel"
-	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/schema"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
-
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/pkg/args"
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/pkg/policy/literal"
-)
-
-func TestArgs(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	const (
-		intKey    = "intKey"
-		mapKey    = "mapKey"
-		nilKey    = "nilKey"
-		boolKey   = "boolKey"
-		linkKey   = "linkKey"
-		listKey   = "listKey"
-		nodeKey   = "nodeKey"
-		uintKey   = "uintKey"
-		bytesKey  = "bytesKey"
-		floatKey  = "floatKey"
-		stringKey = "stringKey"
-	)
-
-	const (
-		expIntVal    = int64(-42)
-		expBoolVal   = true
-		expUintVal   = uint(42)
-		expStringVal = "stringVal"
-	)
-
-	var (
-		expMapVal = map[string]string{"keyOne": "valOne", "keyTwo": "valTwo"}
-		// expNilVal = (map[string]string)(nil)
-		expLinkVal  = cid.MustParse("bafzbeigai3eoy2ccc7ybwjfz5r3rdxqrinwi4rwytly24tdbh6yk7zslrm")
-		expListVal  = []string{"elem1", "elem2", "elem3"}
-		expNodeVal  = literal.String("nodeVal")
-		expBytesVal = []byte{0xde, 0xad, 0xbe, 0xef}
-		expFloatVal = 42.0
-	)
-
-	argsIn := args.New()
-
-	for _, a := range []struct {
-		key string
-		val any
-	}{
-		{key: intKey, val: expIntVal},
-		{key: mapKey, val: expMapVal},
-		// {key:  nilKey, val: expNilVal},
-		{key: boolKey, val: expBoolVal},
-		{key: linkKey, val: expLinkVal},
-		{key: listKey, val: expListVal},
-		{key: uintKey, val: expUintVal},
-		{key: nodeKey, val: expNodeVal},
-		{key: bytesKey, val: expBytesVal},
-		{key: floatKey, val: expFloatVal},
-		{key: stringKey, val: expStringVal},
-	} {
-		require.NoError(t, argsIn.Add(a.key, a.val))
-	}
-
-	// Round-trip to DAG-CBOR
-	argsOut := roundTripThroughDAGCBOR(t, argsIn)
-	assert.ElementsMatch(t, argsIn.Keys, argsOut.Keys)
-	assert.Equal(t, argsIn.Values, argsOut.Values)
-
-	actMapVal := map[string]string{}
-	mit := argsOut.Values[mapKey].MapIterator()
-
-	for !mit.Done() {
-		k, v, err := mit.Next()
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		ks := must(k.AsString())
-		vs := must(v.AsString())
-		actMapVal[ks] = vs
-	}
-
-	actListVal := []string{}
-	lit := argsOut.Values[listKey].ListIterator()
-
-	for !lit.Done() {
-		_, v, err := lit.Next()
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		vs := must(v.AsString())
-
-		actListVal = append(actListVal, vs)
-	}
-
-	assert.Equal(t, expIntVal, must(argsOut.Values[intKey].AsInt()))
-	assert.Equal(t, expMapVal, actMapVal) // TODO: special accessor
-	// TODO: the nil map comes back empty (but the right type)
-	// assert.Equal(t, expNilVal, actNilVal)
-	assert.Equal(t, expBoolVal, must(argsOut.Values[boolKey].AsBool()))
-	assert.Equal(t, expLinkVal.String(), must(argsOut.Values[linkKey].AsLink()).(datamodel.Link).String()) // TODO: special accessor
-	assert.Equal(t, expListVal, actListVal)                                                                // TODO: special accessor
-	assert.Equal(t, expNodeVal, argsOut.Values[nodeKey])
-	assert.Equal(t, expUintVal, uint(must(argsOut.Values[uintKey].AsInt())))
-	assert.Equal(t, expBytesVal, must(argsOut.Values[bytesKey].AsBytes()))
-	assert.Equal(t, expFloatVal, must(argsOut.Values[floatKey].AsFloat()))
-	assert.Equal(t, expStringVal, must(argsOut.Values[stringKey].AsString()))
-}
-
-func TestArgs_Include(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	argsIn := args.New()
-	require.NoError(t, argsIn.Add("key1", "val1"))
-	require.NoError(t, argsIn.Add("key2", "val2"))
-
-	argsOther := args.New()
-	require.NoError(t, argsOther.Add("key2", "valOther")) // This should not overwrite key2 above
-	require.NoError(t, argsOther.Add("key3", "val3"))
-	require.NoError(t, argsOther.Add("key4", "val4"))
-
-	argsIn.Include(argsOther)
-
-	assert.Len(t, argsIn.Values, 4)
-	assert.Equal(t, "val1", must(argsIn.Values["key1"].AsString()))
-	assert.Equal(t, "val2", must(argsIn.Values["key2"].AsString()))
-	assert.Equal(t, "val3", must(argsIn.Values["key3"].AsString()))
-	assert.Equal(t, "val4", must(argsIn.Values["key4"].AsString()))
-}
-
-const (
-	argsSchema = "type Args { String : Any }"
-	argsName   = "Args"
-)
-
-var (
-	once sync.Once
-	ts   *schema.TypeSystem
-	err  error
-)
-
-func argsType() schema.Type {
-	once.Do(func() {
-		ts, err = ipld.LoadSchemaBytes([]byte(argsSchema))
-	})
-	if err != nil {
-		panic(err)
-	}
-
-	return ts.TypeByName(argsName)
-}
-
-func roundTripThroughDAGCBOR(t *testing.T, argsIn *args.Args) *args.Args {
-	t.Helper()
-
-	node, err := argsIn.ToIPLD()
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	data, err := ipld.Encode(node, dagcbor.Encode)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	var argsOut args.Args
-	_, err = ipld.Unmarshal(data, dagcbor.Decode, &argsOut, argsType())
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	return &argsOut
-}
-
-func must[T any](t T, err error) T {
-	if err != nil {
-		panic(err)
-	}
-	return t
-}
--- a/pkg/args/readonly.go
+++ b/pkg/args/readonly.go
@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-package args
-
-import "github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime"
-
-type ReadOnly struct {
-	args *Args
-}
-
-func (r ReadOnly) ToIPLD() (ipld.Node, error) {
-	return r.args.ToIPLD()
-}
-
-func (r ReadOnly) Equals(other *Args) bool {
-	return r.args.Equals(other)
-}
-
-func (r ReadOnly) String() string {
-	return r.args.String()
-}
-
-func (r ReadOnly) WriteableClone() *Args {
-	return r.args.Clone()
-}
--- a/pkg/command/command.go
+++ b/pkg/command/command.go
@@ -98,34 +98,7 @@ func (c Command) Join(segments ...string) Command {
 // Segments returns the ordered segments that comprise the Command as a
 // slice of strings.
 func (c Command) Segments() []string {
-	if c == separator {
-		return nil
-	}
-	return strings.Split(string(c), separator)[1:]
-}
-
-// Covers returns true if the command is identical or a parent of the given other command.
-func (c Command) Covers(other Command) bool {
-	// fast-path, equivalent to the code below (verified with fuzzing)
-	if !strings.HasPrefix(string(other), string(c)) {
-		return false
-	}
-	return c == separator || len(c) == len(other) || other[len(c)] == separator[0]
-
-	/* -------
-
-	otherSegments := other.Segments()
-	if len(otherSegments) < len(c.Segments()) {
-		return false
-	}
-	for i, s := range c.Segments() {
-		if otherSegments[i] != s {
-			return false
-		}
-	}
-	return true
-
-	*/
+	return strings.Split(string(c), separator)
 }

 // String returns the composed representation the command.  This is also
--- a/pkg/command/command_test.go
+++ b/pkg/command/command_test.go
@@ -73,21 +73,6 @@ func TestJoin(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Equal(t, "/faz/boz/foo/bar", command.MustParse("/faz/boz").Join("foo", "bar").String())
 }

-func TestSegments(t *testing.T) {
-	require.Empty(t, command.Top().Segments())
-	require.Equal(t, []string{"foo", "bar", "baz"}, command.MustParse("/foo/bar/baz").Segments())
-}
-
-func TestCovers(t *testing.T) {
-	require.True(t, command.MustParse("/foo/bar/baz").Covers(command.MustParse("/foo/bar/baz")))
-	require.True(t, command.MustParse("/foo/bar").Covers(command.MustParse("/foo/bar/baz")))
-	require.False(t, command.MustParse("/foo/bar/baz").Covers(command.MustParse("/foo/bar")))
-	require.True(t, command.MustParse("/").Covers(command.MustParse("/foo")))
-	require.True(t, command.MustParse("/").Covers(command.MustParse("/foo/bar/baz")))
-	require.False(t, command.MustParse("/foo").Covers(command.MustParse("/foo00")))
-	require.False(t, command.MustParse("/foo/bar").Covers(command.MustParse("/foo/bar00")))
-}
-
 type testcase struct {
 	name string
 	inp  string
--- a/pkg/container/car_test.go
+++ b/pkg/container/car_test.go
@@ -40,13 +40,6 @@ func TestCarRoundTrip(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func FuzzCarRoundTrip(f *testing.F) {
-	// Note: this fuzzing is somewhat broken.
-	// After some time, the fuzzer discover that a varint can be serialized in different
-	// ways that lead to the same integer value. This means that the CAR format can have
-	// multiple legal binary representation for the exact same data, which is what we are
-	// trying to detect here. Ideally, the format would be stricter, but that's how things
-	// are.
-
 	example, err := os.ReadFile("testdata/sample-v1.car")
 	require.NoError(f, err)

--- a/pkg/container/reader.go
+++ b/pkg/container/reader.go
@@ -2,10 +2,8 @@ package container

 import (
 	"encoding/base64"
-	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
-	"iter"

 	"github.com/ipfs/go-cid"
 	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime"
@@ -35,29 +33,13 @@ func (ctn Reader) GetToken(cid cid.Cid) (token.Token, error) {
 // GetDelegation is the same as GetToken but only return a delegation.Token, with the right type.
 func (ctn Reader) GetDelegation(cid cid.Cid) (*delegation.Token, error) {
 	tkn, err := ctn.GetToken(cid)
-	if errors.Is(err, ErrNotFound) {
-		return nil, delegation.ErrDelegationNotFound
-	}
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	if tkn, ok := tkn.(*delegation.Token); ok {
 		return tkn, nil
 	}
-	return nil, delegation.ErrDelegationNotFound
-}
-
-// GetAllDelegations returns all the delegation.Token in the container.
-func (ctn Reader) GetAllDelegations() iter.Seq2[cid.Cid, *delegation.Token] {
-	return func(yield func(cid.Cid, *delegation.Token) bool) {
-		for c, t := range ctn {
-			if t, ok := t.(*delegation.Token); ok {
-				if !yield(c, t) {
-					return
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
+	return nil, fmt.Errorf("not a delegation token")
 }

 // GetInvocation returns the first found invocation.Token.
@@ -102,36 +84,15 @@ func FromCbor(r io.Reader) (Reader, error) {
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	if n.Kind() != datamodel.Kind_Map {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid container format: expected map")
-	}
-	if n.Length() != 1 {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid container format: expected single version key")
+	if n.Kind() != datamodel.Kind_List {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("not a list")
 	}

-	// get the first (and only) key-value pair
-	it := n.MapIterator()
-	key, tokensNode, err := it.Next()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
+	ctn := make(Reader, n.Length())

-	version, err := key.AsString()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid container format: version must be string")
-	}
-	if version != currentContainerVersion {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unsupported container version: %s", version)
-	}
-
-	if tokensNode.Kind() != datamodel.Kind_List {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid container format: tokens must be a list")
-	}
-
-	ctn := make(Reader, tokensNode.Length())
-	it2 := tokensNode.ListIterator()
-	for !it2.Done() {
-		_, val, err := it2.Next()
+	it := n.ListIterator()
+	for !it.Done() {
+		_, val, err := it.Next()
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
--- a/pkg/container/serial_test.go
+++ b/pkg/container/serial_test.go
@@ -130,6 +130,12 @@ func BenchmarkContainerSerialisation(b *testing.B) {
 	}
 }

+func randBytes(n int) []byte {
+	b := make([]byte, n)
+	_, _ = rand.Read(b)
+	return b
+}
+
 func randDID() (crypto.PrivKey, did.DID) {
 	privKey, _, err := crypto.GenerateEd25519Key(rand.Reader)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -144,7 +150,7 @@ func randDID() (crypto.PrivKey, did.DID) {

 func randomString(length int) string {
 	b := make([]byte, length/2+1)
-	_, _ = rand.Read(b)
+	rand.Read(b)
 	return fmt.Sprintf("%x", b)[0:length]
 }

@@ -166,7 +172,7 @@ func randToken() (*delegation.Token, cid.Cid, []byte) {
 		opts = append(opts, delegation.WithMeta(randomString(8), randomString(10)))
 	}

-	t, err := delegation.New(iss, aud, cmd, pol, opts...)
+	t, err := delegation.New(priv, aud, cmd, pol, opts...)
 	if err != nil {
 		panic(err)
 	}
@@ -176,30 +182,3 @@ func randToken() (*delegation.Token, cid.Cid, []byte) {
 	}
 	return t, c, b
 }
-
-func FuzzContainerRead(f *testing.F) {
-	// Generate a corpus
-	for tokenCount := 0; tokenCount < 10; tokenCount++ {
-		writer := NewWriter()
-		for i := 0; i < tokenCount; i++ {
-			_, c, data := randToken()
-			writer.AddSealed(c, data)
-		}
-		buf := bytes.NewBuffer(nil)
-		err := writer.ToCbor(buf)
-		require.NoError(f, err)
-
-		f.Add(buf.Bytes())
-	}
-
-	f.Fuzz(func(t *testing.T, data []byte) {
-		start := time.Now()
-
-		// search for panics
-		_, _ = FromCbor(bytes.NewReader(data))
-
-		if time.Since(start) > 100*time.Millisecond {
-			panic("too long")
-		}
-	})
-}
--- a/pkg/container/writer.go
+++ b/pkg/container/writer.go
@@ -14,8 +14,6 @@ import (

 // TODO: should we have a multibase to wrap the cbor? but there is no reader/write in go-multibase :-(

-const currentContainerVersion = "ctn-v1"
-
 // Writer is a token container writer. It provides a convenient way to aggregate and serialize tokens together.
 type Writer map[cid.Cid][]byte

@@ -45,12 +43,10 @@ func (ctn Writer) ToCarBase64(w io.Writer) error {
 }

 func (ctn Writer) ToCbor(w io.Writer) error {
-	node, err := qp.BuildMap(basicnode.Prototype.Any, 1, func(ma datamodel.MapAssembler) {
-		qp.MapEntry(ma, currentContainerVersion, qp.List(int64(len(ctn)), func(la datamodel.ListAssembler) {
-			for _, bytes := range ctn {
-				qp.ListEntry(la, qp.Bytes(bytes))
-			}
-		}))
+	node, err := qp.BuildList(basicnode.Prototype.Any, int64(len(ctn)), func(la datamodel.ListAssembler) {
+		for _, bytes := range ctn {
+			qp.ListEntry(la, qp.Bytes(bytes))
+		}
 	})
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
--- a/pkg/meta/internal/crypto/aes.go
+++ b/pkg/meta/internal/crypto/aes.go
@@ -1,132 +0,0 @@
-package crypto
-
-import (
-	"crypto/aes"
-	"crypto/cipher"
-	"crypto/rand"
-	"errors"
-	"fmt"
-	"io"
-)
-
-// KeySize represents valid AES key sizes
-type KeySize int
-
-const (
-	KeySize128 KeySize = 16 // AES-128
-	KeySize192 KeySize = 24 // AES-192
-	KeySize256 KeySize = 32 // AES-256 (recommended)
-)
-
-// IsValid returns true if the key size is valid for AES
-func (ks KeySize) IsValid() bool {
-	switch ks {
-	case KeySize128, KeySize192, KeySize256:
-		return true
-	default:
-		return false
-	}
-}
-
-var ErrShortCipherText = errors.New("ciphertext too short")
-var ErrNoEncryptionKey = errors.New("encryption key is required")
-var ErrInvalidKeySize = errors.New("invalid key size: must be 16, 24, or 32 bytes")
-var ErrZeroKey = errors.New("encryption key cannot be all zeros")
-
-// GenerateKey generates a random AES key of default size KeySize256 (32 bytes).
-// Returns an error if the specified size is invalid or if key generation fails.
-func GenerateKey() ([]byte, error) {
-	return GenerateKeyWithSize(KeySize256)
-}
-
-// GenerateKeyWithSize generates a random AES key of the specified size.
-// Returns an error if the specified size is invalid or if key generation fails.
-func GenerateKeyWithSize(size KeySize) ([]byte, error) {
-	if !size.IsValid() {
-		return nil, ErrInvalidKeySize
-	}
-
-	key := make([]byte, size)
-	if _, err := io.ReadFull(rand.Reader, key); err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to generate AES key: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	return key, nil
-}
-
-// EncryptWithAESKey encrypts data using AES-GCM with the provided key.
-// The key must be 16, 24, or 32 bytes long (for AES-128, AES-192, or AES-256).
-// Returns the encrypted data with the nonce prepended, or an error if encryption fails.
-func EncryptWithAESKey(data, key []byte) ([]byte, error) {
-	if err := validateAESKey(key); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	block, err := aes.NewCipher(key)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	gcm, err := cipher.NewGCM(block)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	nonce := make([]byte, gcm.NonceSize())
-	if _, err = io.ReadFull(rand.Reader, nonce); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	return gcm.Seal(nonce, nonce, data, nil), nil
-}
-
-// DecryptStringWithAESKey decrypts data that was encrypted with EncryptWithAESKey.
-// The key must match the one used for encryption.
-// Expects the input to have a prepended nonce.
-// Returns the decrypted data or an error if decryption fails.
-func DecryptStringWithAESKey(data, key []byte) ([]byte, error) {
-	if err := validateAESKey(key); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	block, err := aes.NewCipher(key)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	gcm, err := cipher.NewGCM(block)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	if len(data) < gcm.NonceSize() {
-		return nil, ErrShortCipherText
-	}
-
-	nonce, ciphertext := data[:gcm.NonceSize()], data[gcm.NonceSize():]
-	decrypted, err := gcm.Open(nil, nonce, ciphertext, nil)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	return decrypted, nil
-}
-
-func validateAESKey(key []byte) error {
-	if key == nil {
-		return ErrNoEncryptionKey
-	}
-
-	if !KeySize(len(key)).IsValid() {
-		return ErrInvalidKeySize
-	}
-
-	// check if key is all zeros
-	for _, b := range key {
-		if b != 0 {
-			return nil
-		}
-	}
-
-	return ErrZeroKey
-}
--- a/pkg/meta/internal/crypto/aes_test.go
+++ b/pkg/meta/internal/crypto/aes_test.go
@@ -1,124 +0,0 @@
-package crypto
-
-import (
-	"bytes"
-	"crypto/rand"
-	"testing"
-
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
-)
-
-func TestAESEncryption(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	key := make([]byte, 32) // generated random 32-byte key
-	_, errKey := rand.Read(key)
-	require.NoError(t, errKey)
-
-	tests := []struct {
-		name    string
-		data    []byte
-		key     []byte
-		wantErr error
-	}{
-		{
-			name: "valid encryption/decryption",
-			data: []byte("hello world"),
-			key:  key,
-		},
-		{
-			name:    "nil key returns error",
-			data:    []byte("hello world"),
-			key:     nil,
-			wantErr: ErrNoEncryptionKey,
-		},
-		{
-			name: "empty data",
-			data: []byte{},
-			key:  key,
-		},
-		{
-			name:    "invalid key size",
-			data:    []byte("hello world"),
-			key:     make([]byte, 31),
-			wantErr: ErrInvalidKeySize,
-		},
-		{
-			name:    "zero key returns error",
-			data:    []byte("hello world"),
-			key:     make([]byte, 32),
-			wantErr: ErrZeroKey,
-		},
-	}
-
-	for _, tt := range tests {
-		tt := tt
-		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			t.Parallel()
-
-			encrypted, err := EncryptWithAESKey(tt.data, tt.key)
-			if tt.wantErr != nil {
-				require.ErrorIs(t, err, tt.wantErr)
-
-				return
-			}
-			require.NoError(t, err)
-
-			decrypted, err := DecryptStringWithAESKey(encrypted, tt.key)
-			require.NoError(t, err)
-
-			if tt.key == nil {
-				require.Equal(t, tt.data, encrypted)
-				require.Equal(t, tt.data, decrypted)
-			} else {
-				require.NotEqual(t, tt.data, encrypted)
-				require.True(t, bytes.Equal(tt.data, decrypted))
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-func TestDecryptionErrors(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	key := make([]byte, 32)
-	_, err := rand.Read(key)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	tests := []struct {
-		name   string
-		data   []byte
-		key    []byte
-		errMsg string
-	}{
-		{
-			name:   "short ciphertext",
-			data:   []byte("short"),
-			key:    key,
-			errMsg: "ciphertext too short",
-		},
-		{
-			name:   "invalid ciphertext",
-			data:   make([]byte, 16), // just nonce size
-			key:    key,
-			errMsg: "message authentication failed",
-		},
-		{
-			name:   "missing key",
-			data:   []byte("<22>`M<><4D><EFBFBD>l\u001AIF<49>\u0012<31><32><EFBFBD>=h<>?<3F>c<EFBFBD> <20><>\u0012<31><32><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>\u001C<31>\u0018Ƽ(g"),
-			key:    nil,
-			errMsg: "encryption key is required",
-		},
-	}
-
-	for _, tt := range tests {
-		tt := tt
-		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			t.Parallel()
-
-			_, err := DecryptStringWithAESKey(tt.data, tt.key)
-			require.Error(t, err)
-			require.Contains(t, err.Error(), tt.errMsg)
-		})
-	}
-}
--- a/pkg/meta/meta.go
+++ b/pkg/meta/meta.go
@@ -3,26 +3,23 @@ package meta
 import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
+	"reflect"
 	"strings"

 	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime"
+	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/datamodel"
+	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/node/basicnode"
 	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/printer"
-
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/pkg/meta/internal/crypto"
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/pkg/policy/literal"
 )

-var ErrNotFound = errors.New("key not found in meta")
+var ErrUnsupported = errors.New("failure adding unsupported type to meta")

-var ErrNotEncryptable = errors.New("value of this type cannot be encrypted")
+var ErrNotFound = errors.New("key-value not found in meta")

 // Meta is a container for meta key-value pairs in a UCAN token.
-// This also serves as a way to construct the underlying IPLD data with minimum allocations
-// and transformations, while hiding the IPLD complexity from the caller.
+// This also serves as a way to construct the underlying IPLD data with minimum allocations and transformations,
+// while hiding the IPLD complexity from the caller.
 type Meta struct {
-	// This type must be compatible with the IPLD type represented by the IPLD
-	// schema { String : Any }.
-
 	Keys   []string
 	Values map[string]ipld.Node
 }
@@ -54,21 +51,6 @@ func (m *Meta) GetString(key string) (string, error) {
 	return v.AsString()
 }

-// GetEncryptedString decorates GetString and decrypt its output with the given symmetric encryption key.
-func (m *Meta) GetEncryptedString(key string, encryptionKey []byte) (string, error) {
-	v, err := m.GetBytes(key)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
-	}
-
-	decrypted, err := crypto.DecryptStringWithAESKey(v, encryptionKey)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
-	}
-
-	return string(decrypted), nil
-}
-
 // GetInt64 retrieves a value as an int64.
 // Returns ErrNotFound if the given key is missing.
 // Returns datamodel.ErrWrongKind if the value has the wrong type.
@@ -102,21 +84,6 @@ func (m *Meta) GetBytes(key string) ([]byte, error) {
 	return v.AsBytes()
 }

-// GetEncryptedBytes decorates GetBytes and decrypt its output with the given symmetric encryption key.
-func (m *Meta) GetEncryptedBytes(key string, encryptionKey []byte) ([]byte, error) {
-	v, err := m.GetBytes(key)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	decrypted, err := crypto.DecryptStringWithAESKey(v, encryptionKey)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	return decrypted, nil
-}
-
 // GetNode retrieves a value as a raw IPLD node.
 // Returns ErrNotFound if the given key is missing.
 // Returns datamodel.ErrWrongKind if the value has the wrong type.
@@ -129,46 +96,33 @@ func (m *Meta) GetNode(key string) (ipld.Node, error) {
 }

 // Add adds a key/value pair in the meta set.
-// Accepted types for val are any CBOR compatible type, or directly IPLD values.
+// Accepted types for the value are: bool, string, int, int32, int64, []byte,
+// and ipld.Node.
 func (m *Meta) Add(key string, val any) error {
-	if _, ok := m.Values[key]; ok {
-		return fmt.Errorf("duplicate key %q", key)
-	}
-
-	node, err := literal.Any(val)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	m.Keys = append(m.Keys, key)
-	m.Values[key] = node
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-// AddEncrypted adds a key/value pair in the meta set.
-// The value is encrypted with the given encryptionKey.
-// Accepted types for the value are: string, []byte.
-func (m *Meta) AddEncrypted(key string, val any, encryptionKey []byte) error {
-	var encrypted []byte
-	var err error
-
 	switch val := val.(type) {
+	case bool:
+		m.Values[key] = basicnode.NewBool(val)
 	case string:
-		encrypted, err = crypto.EncryptWithAESKey([]byte(val), encryptionKey)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
+		m.Values[key] = basicnode.NewString(val)
+	case int:
+		m.Values[key] = basicnode.NewInt(int64(val))
+	case int32:
+		m.Values[key] = basicnode.NewInt(int64(val))
+	case int64:
+		m.Values[key] = basicnode.NewInt(val)
+	case float32:
+		m.Values[key] = basicnode.NewFloat(float64(val))
+	case float64:
+		m.Values[key] = basicnode.NewFloat(val)
 	case []byte:
-		encrypted, err = crypto.EncryptWithAESKey(val, encryptionKey)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
+		m.Values[key] = basicnode.NewBytes(val)
+	case datamodel.Node:
+		m.Values[key] = val
 	default:
-		return ErrNotEncryptable
+		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", ErrUnsupported, fqtn(val))
 	}
-
-	return m.Add(key, encrypted)
+	m.Keys = append(m.Keys, key)
+	return nil
 }

 // Equals tells if two Meta hold the same key/values.
@@ -191,23 +145,29 @@ func (m *Meta) String() string {
 	buf := strings.Builder{}
 	buf.WriteString("{")

+	var i int
 	for key, node := range m.Values {
-		buf.WriteString("\n\t")
+		if i > 0 {
+			buf.WriteString(", ")
+		}
+		i++
 		buf.WriteString(key)
-		buf.WriteString(": ")
-		buf.WriteString(strings.ReplaceAll(printer.Sprint(node), "\n", "\n\t"))
-		buf.WriteString(",")
+		buf.WriteString(":")
+		buf.WriteString(printer.Sprint(node))
 	}

-	if len(m.Values) > 0 {
-		buf.WriteString("\n")
-	}
 	buf.WriteString("}")
-
 	return buf.String()
 }

-// ReadOnly returns a read-only version of Meta.
-func (m *Meta) ReadOnly() ReadOnly {
-	return ReadOnly{m: m}
+func fqtn(val any) string {
+	var name string
+
+	t := reflect.TypeOf(val)
+	for t.Kind() == reflect.Pointer {
+		name += "*"
+		t = t.Elem()
+	}
+
+	return name + t.PkgPath() + "." + t.Name()
 }
--- a/pkg/meta/meta_test.go
+++ b/pkg/meta/meta_test.go
@@ -1,12 +1,11 @@
 package meta_test

 import (
-	"crypto/rand"
 	"testing"

 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
-
 	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/pkg/meta"
+	"gotest.tools/v3/assert"
 )

 func TestMeta_Add(t *testing.T) {
@@ -14,64 +13,11 @@ func TestMeta_Add(t *testing.T) {

 	type Unsupported struct{}

-	t.Run("error if not primitive or Node", func(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("error if not primative or Node", func(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Parallel()

 		err := (&meta.Meta{}).Add("invalid", &Unsupported{})
-		require.Error(t, err)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("encrypted meta", func(t *testing.T) {
-		t.Parallel()
-
-		key := make([]byte, 32)
-		_, err := rand.Read(key)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-
-		m := meta.NewMeta()
-
-		// string encryption
-		err = m.AddEncrypted("secret", "hello world", key)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-
-		_, err = m.GetString("secret")
-		require.Error(t, err) // the ciphertext is saved as []byte instead of string
-
-		decrypted, err := m.GetEncryptedString("secret", key)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.Equal(t, "hello world", decrypted)
-
-		// bytes encryption
-		originalBytes := make([]byte, 128)
-		_, err = rand.Read(originalBytes)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		err = m.AddEncrypted("secret-bytes", originalBytes, key)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-
-		encryptedBytes, err := m.GetBytes("secret-bytes")
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.NotEqual(t, originalBytes, encryptedBytes)
-
-		decryptedBytes, err := m.GetEncryptedBytes("secret-bytes", key)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.Equal(t, originalBytes, decryptedBytes)
-
-		// error cases
-		t.Run("error on unsupported type", func(t *testing.T) {
-			err := m.AddEncrypted("invalid", 123, key)
-			require.ErrorIs(t, err, meta.ErrNotEncryptable)
-		})
-
-		t.Run("error on invalid key size", func(t *testing.T) {
-			err := m.AddEncrypted("invalid", "test", []byte("short-key"))
-			require.Error(t, err)
-			require.Contains(t, err.Error(), "invalid key size")
-		})
-
-		t.Run("error on nil key", func(t *testing.T) {
-			err := m.AddEncrypted("invalid", "test", nil)
-			require.Error(t, err)
-			require.Contains(t, err.Error(), "encryption key is required")
-		})
+		require.ErrorIs(t, err, meta.ErrUnsupported)
+		assert.ErrorContains(t, err, "*github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/pkg/meta_test.Unsupported")
 	})
 }
--- a/pkg/meta/readonly.go
+++ b/pkg/meta/readonly.go
@@ -1,50 +0,0 @@
-package meta
-
-import (
-	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime"
-)
-
-// ReadOnly wraps a Meta into a read-only facade.
-type ReadOnly struct {
-	m *Meta
-}
-
-func (r ReadOnly) GetBool(key string) (bool, error) {
-	return r.m.GetBool(key)
-}
-
-func (r ReadOnly) GetString(key string) (string, error) {
-	return r.m.GetString(key)
-}
-
-func (r ReadOnly) GetEncryptedString(key string, encryptionKey []byte) (string, error) {
-	return r.m.GetEncryptedString(key, encryptionKey)
-}
-
-func (r ReadOnly) GetInt64(key string) (int64, error) {
-	return r.m.GetInt64(key)
-}
-
-func (r ReadOnly) GetFloat64(key string) (float64, error) {
-	return r.m.GetFloat64(key)
-}
-
-func (r ReadOnly) GetBytes(key string) ([]byte, error) {
-	return r.m.GetBytes(key)
-}
-
-func (r ReadOnly) GetEncryptedBytes(key string, encryptionKey []byte) ([]byte, error) {
-	return r.m.GetEncryptedBytes(key, encryptionKey)
-}
-
-func (r ReadOnly) GetNode(key string) (ipld.Node, error) {
-	return r.m.GetNode(key)
-}
-
-func (r ReadOnly) Equals(other ReadOnly) bool {
-	return r.m.Equals(other.m)
-}
-
-func (r ReadOnly) String() string {
-	return r.m.String()
-}
--- a/pkg/policy/literal/literal.go
+++ b/pkg/policy/literal/literal.go
@@ -2,24 +2,47 @@
 package literal

 import (
-	"fmt"
-	"reflect"
-	"sort"
-
 	"github.com/ipfs/go-cid"
 	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime"
-	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/datamodel"
-	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/fluent/qp"
 	cidlink "github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/linking/cid"
 	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/node/basicnode"
 )

-var Bool = basicnode.NewBool
-var Int = basicnode.NewInt
-var Float = basicnode.NewFloat
-var String = basicnode.NewString
-var Bytes = basicnode.NewBytes
-var Link = basicnode.NewLink
+func Bool(val bool) ipld.Node {
+	nb := basicnode.Prototype.Bool.NewBuilder()
+	nb.AssignBool(val)
+	return nb.Build()
+}
+
+func Int(val int64) ipld.Node {
+	nb := basicnode.Prototype.Int.NewBuilder()
+	nb.AssignInt(val)
+	return nb.Build()
+}
+
+func Float(val float64) ipld.Node {
+	nb := basicnode.Prototype.Float.NewBuilder()
+	nb.AssignFloat(val)
+	return nb.Build()
+}
+
+func String(val string) ipld.Node {
+	nb := basicnode.Prototype.String.NewBuilder()
+	nb.AssignString(val)
+	return nb.Build()
+}
+
+func Bytes(val []byte) ipld.Node {
+	nb := basicnode.Prototype.Bytes.NewBuilder()
+	nb.AssignBytes(val)
+	return nb.Build()
+}
+
+func Link(link ipld.Link) ipld.Node {
+	nb := basicnode.Prototype.Link.NewBuilder()
+	nb.AssignLink(link)
+	return nb.Build()
+}

 func LinkCid(cid cid.Cid) ipld.Node {
 	return Link(cidlink.Link{Cid: cid})
@@ -30,158 +53,3 @@ func Null() ipld.Node {
 	nb.AssignNull()
 	return nb.Build()
 }
-
-// Map creates an IPLD node from a map[string]any
-func Map[T any](m map[string]T) (ipld.Node, error) {
-	return qp.BuildMap(basicnode.Prototype.Any, int64(len(m)), func(ma datamodel.MapAssembler) {
-		// deterministic iteration
-		keys := make([]string, 0, len(m))
-		for key := range m {
-			keys = append(keys, key)
-		}
-		sort.Strings(keys)
-		for _, key := range keys {
-			qp.MapEntry(ma, key, anyAssemble(m[key]))
-		}
-	})
-}
-
-// List creates an IPLD node from a []any
-func List[T any](l []T) (ipld.Node, error) {
-	return qp.BuildList(basicnode.Prototype.Any, int64(len(l)), func(la datamodel.ListAssembler) {
-		for _, val := range l {
-			qp.ListEntry(la, anyAssemble(val))
-		}
-	})
-}
-
-// Any creates an IPLD node from any value
-// If possible, use another dedicated function for your type for performance.
-func Any(v any) (res ipld.Node, err error) {
-	// TODO: handle uint overflow below
-
-	// some fast path
-	switch val := v.(type) {
-	case bool:
-		return basicnode.NewBool(val), nil
-	case string:
-		return basicnode.NewString(val), nil
-	case int:
-		return basicnode.NewInt(int64(val)), nil
-	case int8:
-		return basicnode.NewInt(int64(val)), nil
-	case int16:
-		return basicnode.NewInt(int64(val)), nil
-	case int32:
-		return basicnode.NewInt(int64(val)), nil
-	case int64:
-		return basicnode.NewInt(val), nil
-	case uint:
-		return basicnode.NewInt(int64(val)), nil
-	case uint8:
-		return basicnode.NewInt(int64(val)), nil
-	case uint16:
-		return basicnode.NewInt(int64(val)), nil
-	case uint32:
-		return basicnode.NewInt(int64(val)), nil
-	case uint64:
-		return basicnode.NewInt(int64(val)), nil
-	case float32:
-		return basicnode.NewFloat(float64(val)), nil
-	case float64:
-		return basicnode.NewFloat(val), nil
-	case []byte:
-		return basicnode.NewBytes(val), nil
-	case datamodel.Node:
-		return val, nil
-	case cid.Cid:
-		return LinkCid(val), nil
-	default:
-	}
-
-	builder := basicnode.Prototype__Any{}.NewBuilder()
-
-	defer func() {
-		if r := recover(); r != nil {
-			err = fmt.Errorf("%v", r)
-			res = nil
-		}
-	}()
-
-	anyAssemble(v)(builder)
-
-	return builder.Build(), nil
-}
-
-func anyAssemble(val any) qp.Assemble {
-	var rt reflect.Type
-	var rv reflect.Value
-
-	// support for recursive calls, staying in reflection land
-	if cast, ok := val.(reflect.Value); ok {
-		rt = cast.Type()
-		rv = cast
-	} else {
-		rt = reflect.TypeOf(val)
-		rv = reflect.ValueOf(val)
-	}
-
-	// we need to dereference in some cases, to get the real value type
-	if rt.Kind() == reflect.Ptr || rt.Kind() == reflect.Interface {
-		rv = rv.Elem()
-		rt = rv.Type()
-	}
-
-	switch rt.Kind() {
-	case reflect.Array:
-		if rt.Elem().Kind() == reflect.Uint8 {
-			panic("bytes array are not supported yet")
-		}
-		return qp.List(int64(rv.Len()), func(la datamodel.ListAssembler) {
-			for i := range rv.Len() {
-				qp.ListEntry(la, anyAssemble(rv.Index(i)))
-			}
-		})
-	case reflect.Slice:
-		if rt.Elem().Kind() == reflect.Uint8 {
-			return qp.Bytes(val.([]byte))
-		}
-		return qp.List(int64(rv.Len()), func(la datamodel.ListAssembler) {
-			for i := range rv.Len() {
-				qp.ListEntry(la, anyAssemble(rv.Index(i)))
-			}
-		})
-	case reflect.Map:
-		if rt.Key().Kind() != reflect.String {
-			break
-		}
-		// deterministic iteration
-		keys := rv.MapKeys()
-		sort.Slice(keys, func(i, j int) bool {
-			return keys[i].String() < keys[j].String()
-		})
-		return qp.Map(int64(rv.Len()), func(ma datamodel.MapAssembler) {
-			for _, key := range keys {
-				qp.MapEntry(ma, key.String(), anyAssemble(rv.MapIndex(key)))
-			}
-		})
-	case reflect.Bool:
-		return qp.Bool(rv.Bool())
-	case reflect.Int, reflect.Int8, reflect.Int16, reflect.Int32, reflect.Int64:
-		return qp.Int(rv.Int())
-	case reflect.Uint, reflect.Uint8, reflect.Uint16, reflect.Uint32, reflect.Uint64:
-		return qp.Int(int64(rv.Uint()))
-	case reflect.Float32, reflect.Float64:
-		return qp.Float(rv.Float())
-	case reflect.String:
-		return qp.String(rv.String())
-	case reflect.Struct:
-		if rt == reflect.TypeOf(cid.Cid{}) {
-			c := rv.Interface().(cid.Cid)
-			return qp.Link(cidlink.Link{Cid: c})
-		}
-	default:
-	}
-
-	panic(fmt.Sprintf("unsupported type %T", val))
-}
--- a/pkg/policy/literal/literal_test.go
+++ b/pkg/policy/literal/literal_test.go
@@ -1,262 +0,0 @@
-package literal
-
-import (
-	"testing"
-
-	"github.com/ipfs/go-cid"
-	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/datamodel"
-	cidlink "github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/linking/cid"
-	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/printer"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
-)
-
-func TestList(t *testing.T) {
-	n, err := List([]int{1, 2, 3})
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.Equal(t, datamodel.Kind_List, n.Kind())
-	require.Equal(t, int64(3), n.Length())
-	require.Equal(t, `list{
-	0: int{1}
-	1: int{2}
-	2: int{3}
-}`, printer.Sprint(n))
-
-	n, err = List([][]int{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}})
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.Equal(t, datamodel.Kind_List, n.Kind())
-	require.Equal(t, int64(2), n.Length())
-	require.Equal(t, `list{
-	0: list{
-		0: int{1}
-		1: int{2}
-		2: int{3}
-	}
-	1: list{
-		0: int{4}
-		1: int{5}
-		2: int{6}
-	}
-}`, printer.Sprint(n))
-}
-
-func TestMap(t *testing.T) {
-	n, err := Map(map[string]any{
-		"bool":   true,
-		"string": "foobar",
-		"bytes":  []byte{1, 2, 3, 4},
-		"int":    1234,
-		"uint":   uint(12345),
-		"float":  1.45,
-		"slice":  []int{1, 2, 3},
-		"array":  [2]int{1, 2},
-		"map": map[string]any{
-			"foo": "bar",
-			"foofoo": map[string]string{
-				"barbar": "foo",
-			},
-		},
-		"link": cid.MustParse("bafzbeigai3eoy2ccc7ybwjfz5r3rdxqrinwi4rwytly24tdbh6yk7zslrm"),
-	})
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	v, err := n.LookupByString("bool")
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.Equal(t, datamodel.Kind_Bool, v.Kind())
-	require.Equal(t, true, must(v.AsBool()))
-
-	v, err = n.LookupByString("string")
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.Equal(t, datamodel.Kind_String, v.Kind())
-	require.Equal(t, "foobar", must(v.AsString()))
-
-	v, err = n.LookupByString("bytes")
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.Equal(t, datamodel.Kind_Bytes, v.Kind())
-	require.Equal(t, []byte{1, 2, 3, 4}, must(v.AsBytes()))
-
-	v, err = n.LookupByString("int")
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.Equal(t, datamodel.Kind_Int, v.Kind())
-	require.Equal(t, int64(1234), must(v.AsInt()))
-
-	v, err = n.LookupByString("uint")
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.Equal(t, datamodel.Kind_Int, v.Kind())
-	require.Equal(t, int64(12345), must(v.AsInt()))
-
-	v, err = n.LookupByString("float")
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.Equal(t, datamodel.Kind_Float, v.Kind())
-	require.Equal(t, 1.45, must(v.AsFloat()))
-
-	v, err = n.LookupByString("slice")
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.Equal(t, datamodel.Kind_List, v.Kind())
-	require.Equal(t, int64(3), v.Length())
-	require.Equal(t, `list{
-	0: int{1}
-	1: int{2}
-	2: int{3}
-}`, printer.Sprint(v))
-
-	v, err = n.LookupByString("array")
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.Equal(t, datamodel.Kind_List, v.Kind())
-	require.Equal(t, int64(2), v.Length())
-	require.Equal(t, `list{
-	0: int{1}
-	1: int{2}
-}`, printer.Sprint(v))
-
-	v, err = n.LookupByString("map")
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.Equal(t, datamodel.Kind_Map, v.Kind())
-	require.Equal(t, int64(2), v.Length())
-	require.Equal(t, `map{
-	string{"foo"}: string{"bar"}
-	string{"foofoo"}: map{
-		string{"barbar"}: string{"foo"}
-	}
-}`, printer.Sprint(v))
-
-	v, err = n.LookupByString("link")
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.Equal(t, datamodel.Kind_Link, v.Kind())
-	asLink, err := v.AsLink()
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.True(t, asLink.(cidlink.Link).Equals(cid.MustParse("bafzbeigai3eoy2ccc7ybwjfz5r3rdxqrinwi4rwytly24tdbh6yk7zslrm")))
-}
-
-func TestAny(t *testing.T) {
-	data := map[string]any{
-		"bool":   true,
-		"string": "foobar",
-		"bytes":  []byte{1, 2, 3, 4},
-		"int":    1234,
-		"uint":   uint(12345),
-		"float":  1.45,
-		"slice":  []int{1, 2, 3},
-		"array":  [2]int{1, 2},
-		"map": map[string]any{
-			"foo": "bar",
-			"foofoo": map[string]string{
-				"barbar": "foo",
-			},
-		},
-		"link": cid.MustParse("bafzbeigai3eoy2ccc7ybwjfz5r3rdxqrinwi4rwytly24tdbh6yk7zslrm"),
-		"func": func() {},
-	}
-
-	v, err := Any(data["bool"])
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.Equal(t, datamodel.Kind_Bool, v.Kind())
-	require.Equal(t, true, must(v.AsBool()))
-
-	v, err = Any(data["string"])
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.Equal(t, datamodel.Kind_String, v.Kind())
-	require.Equal(t, "foobar", must(v.AsString()))
-
-	v, err = Any(data["bytes"])
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.Equal(t, datamodel.Kind_Bytes, v.Kind())
-	require.Equal(t, []byte{1, 2, 3, 4}, must(v.AsBytes()))
-
-	v, err = Any(data["int"])
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.Equal(t, datamodel.Kind_Int, v.Kind())
-	require.Equal(t, int64(1234), must(v.AsInt()))
-
-	v, err = Any(data["uint"])
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.Equal(t, datamodel.Kind_Int, v.Kind())
-	require.Equal(t, int64(12345), must(v.AsInt()))
-
-	v, err = Any(data["float"])
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.Equal(t, datamodel.Kind_Float, v.Kind())
-	require.Equal(t, 1.45, must(v.AsFloat()))
-
-	v, err = Any(data["slice"])
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.Equal(t, datamodel.Kind_List, v.Kind())
-	require.Equal(t, int64(3), v.Length())
-	require.Equal(t, `list{
-	0: int{1}
-	1: int{2}
-	2: int{3}
-}`, printer.Sprint(v))
-
-	v, err = Any(data["array"])
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.Equal(t, datamodel.Kind_List, v.Kind())
-	require.Equal(t, int64(2), v.Length())
-	require.Equal(t, `list{
-	0: int{1}
-	1: int{2}
-}`, printer.Sprint(v))
-
-	v, err = Any(data["map"])
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.Equal(t, datamodel.Kind_Map, v.Kind())
-	require.Equal(t, int64(2), v.Length())
-	require.Equal(t, `map{
-	string{"foo"}: string{"bar"}
-	string{"foofoo"}: map{
-		string{"barbar"}: string{"foo"}
-	}
-}`, printer.Sprint(v))
-
-	v, err = Any(data["link"])
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.Equal(t, datamodel.Kind_Link, v.Kind())
-	asLink, err := v.AsLink()
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.True(t, asLink.(cidlink.Link).Equals(cid.MustParse("bafzbeigai3eoy2ccc7ybwjfz5r3rdxqrinwi4rwytly24tdbh6yk7zslrm")))
-
-	v, err = Any(data["func"])
-	require.Error(t, err)
-}
-
-func BenchmarkAny(b *testing.B) {
-	b.Run("bool", func(b *testing.B) {
-		b.ReportAllocs()
-
-		for n := 0; n < b.N; n++ {
-			_, _ = Any(true)
-		}
-	})
-
-	b.Run("string", func(b *testing.B) {
-		b.ReportAllocs()
-		for n := 0; n < b.N; n++ {
-			_, _ = Any("foobar")
-		}
-	})
-
-	b.Run("bytes", func(b *testing.B) {
-		b.ReportAllocs()
-		for n := 0; n < b.N; n++ {
-			_, _ = Any([]byte{1, 2, 3, 4})
-		}
-	})
-
-	b.Run("map", func(b *testing.B) {
-		b.ReportAllocs()
-		for n := 0; n < b.N; n++ {
-			_, _ = Any(map[string]any{
-				"foo": "bar",
-				"foofoo": map[string]string{
-					"barbar": "foo",
-				},
-			})
-		}
-	})
-}
-
-func must[T any](t T, err error) T {
-	if err != nil {
-		panic(err)
-	}
-	return t
-}
--- a/pkg/policy/match.go
+++ b/pkg/policy/match.go
@@ -10,243 +10,225 @@ import (
 )

 // Match determines if the IPLD node satisfies the policy.
-// The first Statement failing to match is returned as well.
-func (p Policy) Match(node datamodel.Node) (bool, Statement) {
+func (p Policy) Match(node datamodel.Node) bool {
 	for _, stmt := range p {
-		res, leaf := matchStatement(stmt, node)
-		switch res {
-		case matchResultNoData, matchResultFalse:
-			return false, leaf
-		case matchResultOptionalNoData, matchResultTrue:
-			// continue
+		ok := matchStatement(stmt, node)
+		if !ok {
+			return false
 		}
 	}
-	return true, nil
+	return true
 }

-// PartialMatch returns false IIF one non-optional Statement has the corresponding data and doesn't match.
-// If the data is missing or the non-optional Statement is matching, true is returned.
-//
-// This allows performing the policy checking in multiple steps, and find immediately if a Statement already failed.
-// A final call to Match is necessary to make sure that the policy is fully matched, with no missing data
-// (apart from optional values).
-//
-// The first Statement failing to match is returned as well.
-func (p Policy) PartialMatch(node datamodel.Node) (bool, Statement) {
+// Filter performs a recursive filtering of the Statement, and prunes what doesn't match the given path
+func (p Policy) Filter(path ...string) Policy {
+	var filtered Policy
+
 	for _, stmt := range p {
-		res, leaf := matchStatement(stmt, node)
-		switch res {
-		case matchResultFalse:
-			return false, leaf
-		case matchResultNoData, matchResultOptionalNoData, matchResultTrue:
-			// continue
+		newChild, remain := filter(stmt, path)
+		if newChild != nil && len(remain) == 0 {
+			filtered = append(filtered, newChild)
 		}
 	}
-	return true, nil
+
+	return filtered
 }

-type matchResult int8
-
-const (
-	matchResultTrue           matchResult = iota // statement has data and resolve to true
-	matchResultFalse                             // statement has data and resolve to false
-	matchResultNoData                            // statement has no data
-	matchResultOptionalNoData                    // statement has no data and is optional
-)
-
-// matchStatement evaluate the policy against the given ipld.Node and returns:
-// - matchResultTrue: if the selector matched and the statement evaluated to true.
-// - matchResultFalse: if the selector matched and the statement evaluated to false.
-// - matchResultNoData: if the selector didn't match the expected data.
-// For matchResultTrue and matchResultNoData, the leaf-most (innermost) statement failing to be true is returned,
-// as well as the corresponding root-most encompassing statement.
-func matchStatement(cur Statement, node ipld.Node) (_ matchResult, leafMost Statement) {
-	var boolToRes = func(v bool) (matchResult, Statement) {
-		if v {
-			return matchResultTrue, nil
-		} else {
-			return matchResultFalse, cur
-		}
-	}
-
-	switch cur.Kind() {
+func matchStatement(statement Statement, node ipld.Node) bool {
+	switch statement.Kind() {
 	case KindEqual:
-		if s, ok := cur.(equality); ok {
-			res, err := s.selector.Select(node)
+		if s, ok := statement.(equality); ok {
+			one, many, err := s.selector.Select(node)
 			if err != nil {
-				return matchResultNoData, cur
+				return false
 			}
-			if res == nil { // optional selector didn't match
-				return matchResultOptionalNoData, nil
+			if one != nil {
+				return datamodel.DeepEqual(s.value, one)
 			}
-			return boolToRes(datamodel.DeepEqual(s.value, res))
+			if many != nil {
+				for _, n := range many {
+					if eq := datamodel.DeepEqual(s.value, n); eq {
+						return true
+					}
+				}
+			}
+
+			return false
 		}
 	case KindGreaterThan:
-		if s, ok := cur.(equality); ok {
-			res, err := s.selector.Select(node)
-			if err != nil {
-				return matchResultNoData, cur
+		if s, ok := statement.(equality); ok {
+			one, _, err := s.selector.Select(node)
+			if err != nil || one == nil {
+				return false
 			}
-			if res == nil { // optional selector didn't match
-				return matchResultOptionalNoData, nil
-			}
-			return boolToRes(isOrdered(s.value, res, gt))
+			return isOrdered(s.value, one, gt)
 		}
 	case KindGreaterThanOrEqual:
-		if s, ok := cur.(equality); ok {
-			res, err := s.selector.Select(node)
-			if err != nil {
-				return matchResultNoData, cur
+		if s, ok := statement.(equality); ok {
+			one, _, err := s.selector.Select(node)
+			if err != nil || one == nil {
+				return false
 			}
-			if res == nil { // optional selector didn't match
-				return matchResultOptionalNoData, nil
-			}
-			return boolToRes(isOrdered(s.value, res, gte))
+			return isOrdered(s.value, one, gte)
 		}
 	case KindLessThan:
-		if s, ok := cur.(equality); ok {
-			res, err := s.selector.Select(node)
-			if err != nil {
-				return matchResultNoData, cur
+		if s, ok := statement.(equality); ok {
+			one, _, err := s.selector.Select(node)
+			if err != nil || one == nil {
+				return false
 			}
-			if res == nil { // optional selector didn't match
-				return matchResultOptionalNoData, nil
-			}
-			return boolToRes(isOrdered(s.value, res, lt))
+			return isOrdered(s.value, one, lt)
 		}
 	case KindLessThanOrEqual:
-		if s, ok := cur.(equality); ok {
-			res, err := s.selector.Select(node)
-			if err != nil {
-				return matchResultNoData, cur
+		if s, ok := statement.(equality); ok {
+			one, _, err := s.selector.Select(node)
+			if err != nil || one == nil {
+				return false
 			}
-			if res == nil { // optional selector didn't match
-				return matchResultOptionalNoData, nil
-			}
-			return boolToRes(isOrdered(s.value, res, lte))
+			return isOrdered(s.value, one, lte)
 		}
 	case KindNot:
-		if s, ok := cur.(negation); ok {
-			res, leaf := matchStatement(s.statement, node)
-			switch res {
-			case matchResultNoData, matchResultOptionalNoData:
-				return res, leaf
-			case matchResultTrue:
-				return matchResultFalse, cur
-			case matchResultFalse:
-				return matchResultTrue, nil
-			}
+		if s, ok := statement.(negation); ok {
+			return !matchStatement(s.statement, node)
 		}
 	case KindAnd:
-		if s, ok := cur.(connective); ok {
+		if s, ok := statement.(connective); ok {
 			for _, cs := range s.statements {
-				res, leaf := matchStatement(cs, node)
-				switch res {
-				case matchResultNoData, matchResultOptionalNoData:
-					return res, leaf
-				case matchResultTrue:
-					// continue
-				case matchResultFalse:
-					return matchResultFalse, leaf
+				r := matchStatement(cs, node)
+				if !r {
+					return false
 				}
 			}
-			return matchResultTrue, nil
+			return true
 		}
 	case KindOr:
-		if s, ok := cur.(connective); ok {
+		if s, ok := statement.(connective); ok {
 			if len(s.statements) == 0 {
-				return matchResultTrue, nil
+				return true
 			}
 			for _, cs := range s.statements {
-				res, leaf := matchStatement(cs, node)
-				switch res {
-				case matchResultNoData, matchResultOptionalNoData:
-					return res, leaf
-				case matchResultTrue:
-					return matchResultTrue, leaf
-				case matchResultFalse:
-					// continue
+				r := matchStatement(cs, node)
+				if r {
+					return true
 				}
 			}
-			return matchResultFalse, cur
+			return false
 		}
 	case KindLike:
-		if s, ok := cur.(wildcard); ok {
-			res, err := s.selector.Select(node)
+		if s, ok := statement.(wildcard); ok {
+			one, _, err := s.selector.Select(node)
+			if err != nil || one == nil {
+				return false
+			}
+			v, err := one.AsString()
 			if err != nil {
-				return matchResultNoData, cur
+				return false
 			}
-			if res == nil { // optional selector didn't match
-				return matchResultOptionalNoData, nil
-			}
-			v, err := res.AsString()
-			if err != nil {
-				return matchResultFalse, cur // not a string
-			}
-			return boolToRes(s.pattern.Match(v))
+			return s.pattern.Match(v)
 		}
 	case KindAll:
-		if s, ok := cur.(quantifier); ok {
-			res, err := s.selector.Select(node)
-			if err != nil {
-				return matchResultNoData, cur
+		if s, ok := statement.(quantifier); ok {
+			_, many, err := s.selector.Select(node)
+			if err != nil || many == nil {
+				return false
 			}
-			if res == nil {
-				return matchResultOptionalNoData, nil
-			}
-			it := res.ListIterator()
-			if it == nil {
-				return matchResultFalse, cur // not a list
-			}
-			for !it.Done() {
-				_, v, err := it.Next()
-				if err != nil {
-					panic("should never happen")
-				}
-				matchRes, leaf := matchStatement(s.statement, v)
-				switch matchRes {
-				case matchResultNoData, matchResultOptionalNoData:
-					return matchRes, leaf
-				case matchResultTrue:
-					// continue
-				case matchResultFalse:
-					return matchResultFalse, leaf
+			for _, n := range many {
+				ok := matchStatement(s.statement, n)
+				if !ok {
+					return false
 				}
 			}
-			return matchResultTrue, nil
+			return true
 		}
 	case KindAny:
-		if s, ok := cur.(quantifier); ok {
-			res, err := s.selector.Select(node)
+		if s, ok := statement.(quantifier); ok {
+			one, many, err := s.selector.Select(node)
 			if err != nil {
-				return matchResultNoData, cur
+				return false
 			}
-			if res == nil {
-				return matchResultOptionalNoData, nil
-			}
-			it := res.ListIterator()
-			if it == nil {
-				return matchResultFalse, cur // not a list
-			}
-			for !it.Done() {
-				_, v, err := it.Next()
-				if err != nil {
-					panic("should never happen")
-				}
-				matchRes, leaf := matchStatement(s.statement, v)
-				switch matchRes {
-				case matchResultNoData, matchResultOptionalNoData:
-					return matchRes, leaf
-				case matchResultTrue:
-					return matchResultTrue, nil
-				case matchResultFalse:
-					// continue
+			if one != nil {
+				ok := matchStatement(s.statement, one)
+				if ok {
+					return true
 				}
 			}
-			return matchResultFalse, cur
+			if many != nil {
+				for _, n := range many {
+					ok := matchStatement(s.statement, n)
+					if ok {
+						return true
+					}
+				}
+			}
+
+			return false
 		}
 	}
-	panic(fmt.Errorf("unimplemented statement kind: %s", cur.Kind()))
+	panic(fmt.Errorf("unimplemented statement kind: %s", statement.Kind()))
+}
+
+// filter performs a recursive filtering of the Statement, and prunes what doesn't match the given path
+func filter(stmt Statement, path []string) (Statement, []string) {
+	// For each kind, we do some of the following if it applies:
+	// - test the path against the selector, consuming segments
+	// - for terminal statements (equality, wildcard), require all the segments to have been consumed
+	// - recursively filter child (negation, quantifier) or children (connective) statements with the remaining path
+	switch stmt.(type) {
+	case equality:
+		match, remain := stmt.(equality).selector.MatchPath(path...)
+		if match && len(remain) == 0 {
+			return stmt, remain
+		}
+		return nil, nil
+	case negation:
+		newChild, remain := filter(stmt.(negation).statement, path)
+		if newChild != nil && len(remain) == 0 {
+			return negation{
+				statement: newChild,
+			}, nil
+		}
+		return nil, nil
+	case connective:
+		var newChildren []Statement
+		for _, child := range stmt.(connective).statements {
+			newChild, remain := filter(child, path)
+			if newChild != nil && len(remain) == 0 {
+				newChildren = append(newChildren, newChild)
+			}
+		}
+		if len(newChildren) == 0 {
+			return nil, nil
+		}
+		return connective{
+			kind:       stmt.(connective).kind,
+			statements: newChildren,
+		}, nil
+	case wildcard:
+		match, remain := stmt.(wildcard).selector.MatchPath(path...)
+		if match && len(remain) == 0 {
+			return stmt, remain
+		}
+		return nil, nil
+	case quantifier:
+		match, remain := stmt.(quantifier).selector.MatchPath(path...)
+		if match && len(remain) == 0 {
+			return stmt, remain
+		}
+		if !match {
+			return nil, nil
+		}
+		newChild, remain := filter(stmt.(quantifier).statement, remain)
+		if newChild != nil && len(remain) == 0 {
+			return quantifier{
+				kind:      stmt.(quantifier).kind,
+				selector:  stmt.(quantifier).selector,
+				statement: newChild,
+			}, nil
+		}
+		return nil, nil
+	default:
+		panic(fmt.Errorf("unimplemented statement kind: %s", stmt.Kind()))
+	}
 }

 func isOrdered(expected ipld.Node, actual ipld.Node, satisfies func(order int) bool) bool {
--- a/pkg/policy/match_test.go
+++ b/pkg/policy/match_test.go
--- a/pkg/policy/policy_test.go
+++ b/pkg/policy/policy_test.go
@@ -37,37 +37,6 @@ func ExamplePolicy() {
 	// ]
 }

-func ExamplePolicy_accumulate() {
-	var statements []policy.Constructor
-
-	statements = append(statements, policy.Equal(".status", literal.String("draft")))
-
-	statements = append(statements, policy.All(".reviewer",
-		policy.Like(".email", "*@example.com"),
-	))
-
-	statements = append(statements, policy.Any(".tags", policy.Or(
-		policy.Equal(".", literal.String("news")),
-		policy.Equal(".", literal.String("press")),
-	)))
-
-	pol := policy.MustConstruct(statements...)
-
-	fmt.Println(pol)
-
-	// Output:
-	// [
-	//   ["==", ".status", "draft"],
-	//   ["all", ".reviewer",
-	//     ["like", ".email", "*@example.com"]],
-	//   ["any", ".tags",
-	//     ["or", [
-	//       ["==", ".", "news"],
-	//       ["==", ".", "press"]]]
-	//     ]
-	// ]
-}
-
 func TestConstruct(t *testing.T) {
 	pol, err := policy.Construct(
 		policy.Equal(".status", literal.String("draft")),
--- a/pkg/policy/selector/parsing.go
+++ b/pkg/policy/selector/parsing.go
@@ -2,13 +2,14 @@ package selector

 import (
 	"fmt"
-	"math"
 	"regexp"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
+	"unicode/utf8"
 )

 var (
+	identity   = Selector{segment{str: ".", identity: true}}
 	indexRegex = regexp.MustCompile(`^-?\d+$`)
 	sliceRegex = regexp.MustCompile(`^((\-?\d+:\-?\d*)|(\-?\d*:\-?\d+))$`)
 	fieldRegex = regexp.MustCompile(`^\.[a-zA-Z_]*?$`)
@@ -22,10 +23,7 @@ func Parse(str string) (Selector, error) {
 		return nil, newParseError("selector must start with identity segment '.'", str, 0, string(str[0]))
 	}
 	if str == "." {
-		return Selector{segment{str: ".", identity: true}}, nil
-	}
-	if str == ".?" {
-		return Selector{segment{str: ".?", identity: true, optional: true}}, nil
+		return identity, nil
 	}

 	col := 0
@@ -34,70 +32,56 @@ func Parse(str string) (Selector, error) {
 		seg := tok
 		opt := strings.HasSuffix(tok, "?")
 		if opt {
-			seg = strings.TrimRight(tok, "?")
+			seg = tok[0 : len(tok)-1]
 		}
-		switch {
-		case seg == ".":
+		switch seg {
+		case ".":
 			if len(sel) > 0 && sel[len(sel)-1].Identity() {
 				return nil, newParseError("selector contains unsupported recursive descent segment: '..'", str, col, tok)
 			}
 			sel = append(sel, segment{str: ".", identity: true})
-
-		case seg == "[]":
+		case "[]":
 			sel = append(sel, segment{str: tok, optional: opt, iterator: true})
+		default:
+			if strings.HasPrefix(seg, "[") && strings.HasSuffix(seg, "]") {
+				lookup := seg[1 : len(seg)-1]

-		case strings.HasPrefix(seg, "[") && strings.HasSuffix(seg, "]"):
-			lookup := seg[1 : len(seg)-1]
-
-			switch {
-			// index, [123]
-			case indexRegex.MatchString(lookup):
-				idx, err := strconv.Atoi(lookup)
-				if err != nil {
-					return nil, newParseError("invalid index", str, col, tok)
-				}
-				sel = append(sel, segment{str: tok, optional: opt, index: idx})
-
-			// explicit field, ["abcd"]
-			case strings.HasPrefix(lookup, "\"") && strings.HasSuffix(lookup, "\""):
-				fieldName := lookup[1 : len(lookup)-1]
-				if strings.Contains(fieldName, ":") {
+				if indexRegex.MatchString(lookup) { // index
+					idx, err := strconv.Atoi(lookup)
+					if err != nil {
+						return nil, newParseError("invalid index", str, col, tok)
+					}
+					sel = append(sel, segment{str: tok, optional: opt, index: idx})
+				} else if strings.HasPrefix(lookup, "\"") && strings.HasSuffix(lookup, "\"") { // explicit field
+					sel = append(sel, segment{str: tok, optional: opt, field: lookup[1 : len(lookup)-1]})
+				} else if sliceRegex.MatchString(lookup) { // slice [3:5] or [:5] or [3:]
+					var rng []int
+					splt := strings.Split(lookup, ":")
+					if splt[0] == "" {
+						rng = append(rng, 0)
+					} else {
+						i, err := strconv.Atoi(splt[0])
+						if err != nil {
+							return nil, newParseError("invalid slice index", str, col, tok)
+						}
+						rng = append(rng, i)
+					}
+					if splt[1] != "" {
+						i, err := strconv.Atoi(splt[1])
+						if err != nil {
+							return nil, newParseError("invalid slice index", str, col, tok)
+						}
+						rng = append(rng, i)
+					}
+					sel = append(sel, segment{str: tok, optional: opt, slice: rng})
+				} else {
 					return nil, newParseError(fmt.Sprintf("invalid segment: %s", seg), str, col, tok)
 				}
-				sel = append(sel, segment{str: tok, optional: opt, field: fieldName})
-
-			// slice [3:5] or [:5] or [3:], also negative numbers
-			case sliceRegex.MatchString(lookup):
-				var rng [2]int64
-				splt := strings.Split(lookup, ":")
-				if splt[0] == "" {
-					rng[0] = math.MinInt
-				} else {
-					i, err := strconv.ParseInt(splt[0], 10, 0)
-					if err != nil {
-						return nil, newParseError("invalid slice index", str, col, tok)
-					}
-					rng[0] = i
-				}
-				if splt[1] == "" {
-					rng[1] = math.MaxInt
-				} else {
-					i, err := strconv.ParseInt(splt[1], 10, 0)
-					if err != nil {
-						return nil, newParseError("invalid slice index", str, col, tok)
-					}
-					rng[1] = i
-				}
-				sel = append(sel, segment{str: tok, optional: opt, slice: rng[:]})
-
-			default:
+			} else if fieldRegex.MatchString(seg) {
+				sel = append(sel, segment{str: tok, optional: opt, field: seg[1:]})
+			} else {
 				return nil, newParseError(fmt.Sprintf("invalid segment: %s", seg), str, col, tok)
 			}
-
-		case fieldRegex.MatchString(seg):
-			sel = append(sel, segment{str: tok, optional: opt, field: seg[1:]})
-		default:
-			return nil, newParseError(fmt.Sprintf("invalid segment: %s", seg), str, col, tok)
 		}
 		col += len(tok)
 	}
@@ -119,10 +103,10 @@ func tokenize(str string) []string {
 	ctx := ""

 	for col < len(str) {
-		char := string(str[col])
+		char, size := utf8.DecodeRuneInString(str[col:])

-		if char == "\"" && string(str[col-1]) != "\\" {
-			col++
+		if char == '"' && (col == 0 || str[col-1] != '\\') {
+			col += size
 			if ctx == "\"" {
 				ctx = ""
 			} else {
@@ -132,17 +116,17 @@ func tokenize(str string) []string {
 		}

 		if ctx == "\"" {
-			col++
+			col += size
 			continue
 		}

-		if char == "." || char == "[" {
+		if char == '.' || char == '[' {
 			if ofs < col {
 				toks = append(toks, str[ofs:col])
 			}
 			ofs = col
 		}
-		col++
+		col += size
 	}

 	if ofs < col && ctx != "\"" {
--- a/pkg/policy/selector/parsing_test.go
+++ b/pkg/policy/selector/parsing_test.go
@@ -1,552 +1,30 @@
 package selector

 import (
-	"math"
 	"testing"

 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )

-func TestParse(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Run("identity", func(t *testing.T) {
-		sel, err := Parse(".")
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.Equal(t, 1, len(sel))
-		require.True(t, sel[0].Identity())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Iterator())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Slice())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Field())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Index())
+func TestTokenizeUTF8(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("simple UTF-8", func(t *testing.T) {
+		str := ".こんにちは[0]"
+		expected := []string{".", "こんにちは", "[0]"}
+		actual := tokenize(str)
+		require.Equal(t, expected, actual)
 	})

-	t.Run("dotted field name", func(t *testing.T) {
-		sel, err := Parse(".foo")
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.Equal(t, 1, len(sel))
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Identity())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Iterator())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Slice())
-		require.Equal(t, sel[0].Field(), "foo")
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Index())
+	t.Run("UTF-8 with quotes", func(t *testing.T) {
+		str := ".こんにちは[\"привет\"]"
+		expected := []string{".", "こんにちは", "[\"привет\"]"}
+		actual := tokenize(str)
+		require.Equal(t, expected, actual)
 	})

-	t.Run("explicit field", func(t *testing.T) {
-		sel, err := Parse(`.["foo"]`)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.Equal(t, 2, len(sel))
-		require.True(t, sel[0].Identity())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Iterator())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Slice())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Field())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Index())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Identity())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Iterator())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Slice())
-		require.Equal(t, sel[1].Field(), "foo")
-		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Index())
-	})
-
-	t.Run("iterator, collection value", func(t *testing.T) {
-		sel, err := Parse(".[]")
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.Equal(t, 2, len(sel))
-		require.True(t, sel[0].Identity())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Iterator())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Slice())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Field())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Index())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Identity())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Optional())
-		require.True(t, sel[1].Iterator())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Slice())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Field())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Index())
-	})
-
-	t.Run("index", func(t *testing.T) {
-		sel, err := Parse(".[138]")
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.Equal(t, 2, len(sel))
-		require.True(t, sel[0].Identity())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Iterator())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Slice())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Field())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Index())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Identity())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Iterator())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Slice())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Field())
-		require.Equal(t, sel[1].Index(), 138)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("negative index", func(t *testing.T) {
-		sel, err := Parse(".[-138]")
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.Equal(t, 2, len(sel))
-		require.True(t, sel[0].Identity())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Iterator())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Slice())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Field())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Index())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Identity())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Iterator())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Slice())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Field())
-		require.Equal(t, sel[1].Index(), -138)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("List slice", func(t *testing.T) {
-		sel, err := Parse(".[7:11]")
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.Equal(t, 2, len(sel))
-		require.True(t, sel[0].Identity())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Iterator())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Slice())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Field())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Index())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Identity())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Iterator())
-		require.Equal(t, sel[1].Slice(), []int64{7, 11})
-		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Field())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Index())
-
-		sel, err = Parse(".[2:]")
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.Equal(t, 2, len(sel))
-		require.True(t, sel[0].Identity())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Iterator())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Slice())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Field())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Index())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Identity())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Iterator())
-		require.Equal(t, sel[1].Slice(), []int64{2, math.MaxInt})
-		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Field())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Index())
-
-		sel, err = Parse(".[:42]")
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.Equal(t, 2, len(sel))
-		require.True(t, sel[0].Identity())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Iterator())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Slice())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Field())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Index())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Identity())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Iterator())
-		require.Equal(t, sel[1].Slice(), []int64{math.MinInt, 42})
-		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Field())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Index())
-
-		sel, err = Parse(".[0:-2]")
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.Equal(t, 2, len(sel))
-		require.True(t, sel[0].Identity())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Iterator())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Slice())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Field())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Index())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Identity())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Iterator())
-		require.Equal(t, sel[1].Slice(), []int64{0, -2})
-		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Field())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Index())
-	})
-
-	t.Run("optional identity", func(t *testing.T) {
-		sel, err := Parse(".?")
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.Equal(t, 1, len(sel))
-		require.True(t, sel[0].Identity())
-		require.True(t, sel[0].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Iterator())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Slice())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Field())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Index())
-	})
-
-	t.Run("optional dotted field name", func(t *testing.T) {
-		sel, err := Parse(".foo?")
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.Equal(t, 1, len(sel))
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Identity())
-		require.True(t, sel[0].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Iterator())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Slice())
-		require.Equal(t, sel[0].Field(), "foo")
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Index())
-	})
-
-	t.Run("optional explicit field", func(t *testing.T) {
-		sel, err := Parse(`.["foo"]?`)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.Equal(t, 2, len(sel))
-		require.True(t, sel[0].Identity())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Iterator())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Slice())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Field())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Index())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Identity())
-		require.True(t, sel[1].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Iterator())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Slice())
-		require.Equal(t, sel[1].Field(), "foo")
-		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Index())
-	})
-
-	t.Run("optional iterator", func(t *testing.T) {
-		sel, err := Parse(".[]?")
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.Equal(t, 2, len(sel))
-		require.True(t, sel[0].Identity())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Iterator())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Slice())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Field())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Index())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Identity())
-		require.True(t, sel[1].Optional())
-		require.True(t, sel[1].Iterator())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Slice())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Field())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Index())
-	})
-
-	t.Run("optional index", func(t *testing.T) {
-		sel, err := Parse(".[138]?")
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.Equal(t, 2, len(sel))
-		require.True(t, sel[0].Identity())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Iterator())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Slice())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Field())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Index())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Identity())
-		require.True(t, sel[1].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Iterator())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Slice())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Field())
-		require.Equal(t, sel[1].Index(), 138)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("optional negative index", func(t *testing.T) {
-		sel, err := Parse(".[-138]?")
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.Equal(t, 2, len(sel))
-		require.True(t, sel[0].Identity())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Iterator())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Slice())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Field())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Index())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Identity())
-		require.True(t, sel[1].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Iterator())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Slice())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Field())
-		require.Equal(t, sel[1].Index(), -138)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("optional list slice", func(t *testing.T) {
-		sel, err := Parse(".[7:11]?")
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.Equal(t, 2, len(sel))
-		require.True(t, sel[0].Identity())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Iterator())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Slice())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Field())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Index())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Identity())
-		require.True(t, sel[1].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Iterator())
-		require.Equal(t, sel[1].Slice(), []int64{7, 11})
-		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Field())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Index())
-
-		sel, err = Parse(".[2:]?")
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.Equal(t, 2, len(sel))
-		require.True(t, sel[0].Identity())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Iterator())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Slice())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Field())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Index())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Identity())
-		require.True(t, sel[1].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Iterator())
-		require.Equal(t, sel[1].Slice(), []int64{2, math.MaxInt})
-		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Field())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Index())
-
-		sel, err = Parse(".[:42]?")
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.Equal(t, 2, len(sel))
-		require.True(t, sel[0].Identity())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Iterator())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Slice())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Field())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Index())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Identity())
-		require.True(t, sel[1].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Iterator())
-		require.Equal(t, sel[1].Slice(), []int64{math.MinInt, 42})
-		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Field())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Index())
-
-		sel, err = Parse(".[0:-2]?")
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.Equal(t, 2, len(sel))
-		require.True(t, sel[0].Identity())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Iterator())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Slice())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Field())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Index())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Identity())
-		require.True(t, sel[1].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Iterator())
-		require.Equal(t, sel[1].Slice(), []int64{0, -2})
-		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Field())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Index())
-	})
-
-	t.Run("idempotent optional", func(t *testing.T) {
-		sel, err := Parse(".foo???")
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.Equal(t, 1, len(sel))
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Identity())
-		require.True(t, sel[0].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Iterator())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Slice())
-		require.Equal(t, sel[0].Field(), "foo")
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Index())
-	})
-
-	t.Run("deny multi dot", func(t *testing.T) {
-		_, err := Parse("..")
-		require.Error(t, err)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("nesting", func(t *testing.T) {
-		str := `.foo.["bar"].[138]?.baz[1:]`
-		sel, err := Parse(str)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.Equal(t, str, sel.String())
-		require.Equal(t, 7, len(sel))
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Identity())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Iterator())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Slice())
-		require.Equal(t, sel[0].Field(), "foo")
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Index())
-		require.True(t, sel[1].Identity())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Iterator())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Slice())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Field())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Index())
-		require.False(t, sel[2].Identity())
-		require.False(t, sel[2].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[2].Iterator())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[2].Slice())
-		require.Equal(t, sel[2].Field(), "bar")
-		require.Empty(t, sel[2].Index())
-		require.True(t, sel[3].Identity())
-		require.False(t, sel[3].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[3].Iterator())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[3].Slice())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[3].Field())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[3].Index())
-		require.False(t, sel[4].Identity())
-		require.True(t, sel[4].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[4].Iterator())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[4].Slice())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[4].Field())
-		require.Equal(t, sel[4].Index(), 138)
-		require.False(t, sel[5].Identity())
-		require.False(t, sel[5].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[5].Iterator())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[5].Slice())
-		require.Equal(t, sel[5].Field(), "baz")
-		require.Empty(t, sel[5].Index())
-		require.False(t, sel[6].Identity())
-		require.False(t, sel[6].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[6].Iterator())
-		require.Equal(t, sel[6].Slice(), []int64{1, math.MaxInt})
-		require.Empty(t, sel[6].Field())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[6].Index())
-	})
-
-	t.Run("non dotted", func(t *testing.T) {
-		_, err := Parse("foo")
-		require.NotNil(t, err)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("non quoted", func(t *testing.T) {
-		_, err := Parse(".[foo]")
-		require.NotNil(t, err)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("slice with negative start and positive end", func(t *testing.T) {
-		sel, err := Parse(".[0:-2]")
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.Equal(t, 2, len(sel))
-		require.True(t, sel[0].Identity())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Iterator())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Slice())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Field())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Index())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Identity())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Iterator())
-		require.Equal(t, sel[1].Slice(), []int64{0, -2})
-		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Field())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Index())
-	})
-
-	t.Run("slice with start greater than end", func(t *testing.T) {
-		sel, err := Parse(".[5:2]")
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.Equal(t, 2, len(sel))
-		require.True(t, sel[0].Identity())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Iterator())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Slice())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Field())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Index())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Identity())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Iterator())
-		require.Equal(t, sel[1].Slice(), []int64{5, 2})
-		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Field())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Index())
-	})
-
-	t.Run("slice on string", func(t *testing.T) {
-		sel, err := Parse(`.["foo"].[1:3]`)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.Equal(t, 4, len(sel))
-		require.True(t, sel[0].Identity())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Iterator())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Slice())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Field())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Index())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Identity())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Iterator())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Slice())
-		require.Equal(t, sel[1].Field(), "foo")
-		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Index())
-		require.True(t, sel[2].Identity())
-		require.False(t, sel[2].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[2].Iterator())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[2].Slice())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[2].Field())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[2].Index())
-		require.False(t, sel[3].Identity())
-		require.False(t, sel[3].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[3].Iterator())
-		require.Equal(t, sel[3].Slice(), []int64{1, 3})
-		require.Empty(t, sel[3].Field())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[3].Index())
-	})
-
-	t.Run("slice on array", func(t *testing.T) {
-		sel, err := Parse(`.[1:3]`)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.Equal(t, 2, len(sel))
-		require.True(t, sel[0].Identity())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Iterator())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Slice())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Field())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Index())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Identity())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Iterator())
-		require.Equal(t, sel[1].Slice(), []int64{1, 3})
-		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Field())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Index())
-	})
-
-	t.Run("index on array", func(t *testing.T) {
-		sel, err := Parse(`.[1]`)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.Equal(t, 2, len(sel))
-		require.True(t, sel[0].Identity())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Iterator())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Slice())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Field())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Index())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Identity())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Iterator())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Slice())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Field())
-		require.Equal(t, sel[1].Index(), 1)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("invalid slice on object", func(t *testing.T) {
-		_, err := Parse(`.["foo":"bar"]`)
-		require.Error(t, err)
-		require.Contains(t, err.Error(), "invalid segment")
-	})
-
-	t.Run("index on object", func(t *testing.T) {
-		sel, err := Parse(`.["foo"]`)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.Equal(t, 2, len(sel))
-		require.True(t, sel[0].Identity())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[0].Iterator())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Slice())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Field())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Index())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Identity())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Optional())
-		require.False(t, sel[1].Iterator())
-		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Slice())
-		require.Equal(t, sel[1].Field(), "foo")
-		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Index())
-	})
-
-	t.Run("slice with non-integer start", func(t *testing.T) {
-		_, err := Parse(".[foo:3]")
-		require.Error(t, err)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("slice with non-integer end", func(t *testing.T) {
-		_, err := Parse(".[1:bar]")
-		require.Error(t, err)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("index with non-integer", func(t *testing.T) {
-		_, err := Parse(".[foo]")
-		require.Error(t, err)
+	t.Run("UTF-8 with escaped quotes", func(t *testing.T) {
+		str := ".こんにちは[\"привет \\\"мир\\\"\"]"
+		expected := []string{".", "こんにちは", "[\"привет \\\"мир\\\"\"]"}
+		actual := tokenize(str)
+		require.Equal(t, expected, actual)
 	})
 }
--- a/pkg/policy/selector/selector.go
+++ b/pkg/policy/selector/selector.go
@@ -2,14 +2,12 @@ package selector

 import (
 	"fmt"
-	"math"
-	"strconv"
 	"strings"

 	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime"
 	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/datamodel"
-	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/fluent/qp"
 	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/node/basicnode"
+	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/schema"
 )

 // Selector describes a UCAN policy selector, as specified here:
@@ -17,14 +15,17 @@ import (
 type Selector []segment

 // Select perform the selection described by the selector on the input IPLD DAG.
-// Select can return:
-//   - exactly one matched IPLD node
-//   - a resolutionerr error if not being able to resolve to a node
-//   - nil and no errors, if the selector couldn't match on an optional segment (with ?).
-func (s Selector) Select(subject ipld.Node) (ipld.Node, error) {
+// If no error, Select returns either one ipld.Node or a []ipld.Node.
+func (s Selector) Select(subject ipld.Node) (ipld.Node, []ipld.Node, error) {
 	return resolve(s, subject, nil)
 }

+// MatchPath tells if the selector operates on the given (string only) path segments.
+// It returns the segments that didn't get consumed by the matching.
+func (s Selector) MatchPath(pathSegment ...string) (bool, []string) {
+	return matchPath(s, pathSegment)
+}
+
 func (s Selector) String() string {
 	var res strings.Builder
 	for _, seg := range s {
@@ -38,7 +39,7 @@ type segment struct {
 	identity bool
 	optional bool
 	iterator bool
-	slice    []int64 // either 0-length or 2-length
+	slice    []int
 	field    string
 	index    int
 }
@@ -64,7 +65,7 @@ func (s segment) Iterator() bool {
 }

 // Slice flags that this segment targets a range of a slice.
-func (s segment) Slice() []int64 {
+func (s segment) Slice() []int {
 	return s.slice
 }

@@ -78,168 +79,335 @@ func (s segment) Index() int {
 	return s.index
 }

-func resolve(sel Selector, subject ipld.Node, at []string) (ipld.Node, error) {
-	errIfNotOptional := func(s segment, err error) error {
-		if !s.Optional() {
-			return err
-		}
-		return nil
-	}
-
+func resolve(sel Selector, subject ipld.Node, at []string) (ipld.Node, []ipld.Node, error) {
 	cur := subject
-	for _, seg := range sel {
+	for i, seg := range sel {
+		if seg.Identity() {
+			continue
+		}
+
 		// 1st level: handle the different segment types (iterator, field, slice, index)
 		// 2nd level: handle different node kinds (list, map, string, bytes)
 		switch {
+		case seg.Iterator():
+			if cur == nil || cur.Kind() == datamodel.Kind_Null {
+				if seg.Optional() {
+					// build empty list
+					nb := basicnode.Prototype.List.NewBuilder()
+					assembler, err := nb.BeginList(0)
+					if err != nil {
+						return nil, nil, err
+					}
+
+					if err = assembler.Finish(); err != nil {
+						return nil, nil, err
+					}
+
+					return nb.Build(), nil, nil
+				} else {
+					return nil, nil, newResolutionError(fmt.Sprintf("can not iterate over kind: %s", kindString(cur)), at)
+				}
+			} else {
+				var many []ipld.Node
+				switch cur.Kind() {
+				case datamodel.Kind_List:
+					it := cur.ListIterator()
+					for !it.Done() {
+						_, v, err := it.Next()
+						if err != nil {
+							return nil, nil, err
+						}
+
+						// check if there are more iterator segments
+						if len(sel) > i+1 && sel[i+1].Iterator() {
+							if v.Kind() == datamodel.Kind_List {
+								// recursively resolve the remaining selector segments
+								var o ipld.Node
+								var m []ipld.Node
+								o, m, err = resolve(sel[i+1:], v, at)
+								if err != nil {
+									// if the segment is optional and an error occurs, skip the current iteration.
+									if seg.Optional() {
+										continue
+									} else {
+										return nil, nil, err
+									}
+								}
+								if m != nil {
+									many = append(many, m...)
+								} else if o != nil {
+									many = append(many, o)
+								}
+							} else {
+								// if the current value is not a list and the next segment is optional, skip the current iteration
+								if sel[i+1].Optional() {
+									continue
+								} else {
+									return nil, nil, newResolutionError(fmt.Sprintf("can not iterate over kind: %s", kindString(v)), at)
+								}
+							}
+						} else {
+							// if there are no more iterator segments, append the current value to the result
+							many = append(many, v)
+						}
+					}
+				case datamodel.Kind_Map:
+					it := cur.MapIterator()
+					for !it.Done() {
+						_, v, err := it.Next()
+						if err != nil {
+							return nil, nil, err
+						}
+
+						if len(sel) > i+1 && sel[i+1].Iterator() {
+							if v.Kind() == datamodel.Kind_List {
+								var o ipld.Node
+								var m []ipld.Node
+								o, m, err = resolve(sel[i+1:], v, at)
+								if err != nil {
+									if seg.Optional() {
+										continue
+									} else {
+										return nil, nil, err
+									}
+								}
+								if m != nil {
+									many = append(many, m...)
+								} else if o != nil {
+									many = append(many, o)
+								}
+							} else {
+								if sel[i+1].Optional() {
+									continue
+								} else {
+									return nil, nil, newResolutionError(fmt.Sprintf("can not iterate over kind: %s", kindString(v)), at)
+								}
+							}
+						} else {
+							many = append(many, v)
+						}
+					}
+				default:
+					return nil, nil, newResolutionError(fmt.Sprintf("can not iterate over kind: %s", kindString(cur)), at)
+				}
+
+				return nil, many, nil
+			}
+
+		case seg.Field() != "":
+			at = append(at, seg.Field())
+			if cur == nil {
+				if seg.Optional() {
+					cur = nil
+				} else {
+					return nil, nil, newResolutionError(fmt.Sprintf("can not access field: %s on kind: %s", seg.Field(), kindString(cur)), at)
+				}
+			} else {
+				switch cur.Kind() {
+				case datamodel.Kind_Map:
+					n, err := cur.LookupByString(seg.Field())
+					if err != nil {
+						if isMissing(err) {
+							if seg.Optional() {
+								cur = nil
+							} else {
+								return nil, nil, newResolutionError(fmt.Sprintf("object has no field named: %s", seg.Field()), at)
+							}
+						} else {
+							return nil, nil, err
+						}
+					} else {
+						cur = n
+					}
+				case datamodel.Kind_List:
+					var many []ipld.Node
+					it := cur.ListIterator()
+					for !it.Done() {
+						_, v, err := it.Next()
+						if err != nil {
+							return nil, nil, err
+						}
+						if v.Kind() == datamodel.Kind_Map {
+							n, err := v.LookupByString(seg.Field())
+							if err == nil {
+								many = append(many, n)
+							}
+						}
+					}
+					if len(many) > 0 {
+						cur = nil
+						return nil, many, nil
+					} else if seg.Optional() {
+						cur = nil
+					} else {
+						return nil, nil, newResolutionError(fmt.Sprintf("no elements in list have field named: %s", seg.Field()), at)
+					}
+				default:
+					if seg.Optional() {
+						cur = nil
+					} else {
+						return nil, nil, newResolutionError(fmt.Sprintf("can not access field: %s on kind: %s", seg.Field(), kindString(cur)), at)
+					}
+				}
+			}
+
+		case seg.Slice() != nil:
+			if cur == nil {
+				if seg.Optional() {
+					cur = nil
+				} else {
+					return nil, nil, newResolutionError(fmt.Sprintf("can not slice on kind: %s", kindString(cur)), at)
+				}
+			} else {
+				slice := seg.Slice()
+				var start, end, length int64
+				switch cur.Kind() {
+				case datamodel.Kind_List:
+					length = cur.Length()
+					start, end = resolveSliceIndices(slice, length)
+				case datamodel.Kind_Bytes:
+					b, _ := cur.AsBytes()
+					length = int64(len(b))
+					start, end = resolveSliceIndices(slice, length)
+				case datamodel.Kind_String:
+					str, _ := cur.AsString()
+					length = int64(len(str))
+					start, end = resolveSliceIndices(slice, length)
+				default:
+					return nil, nil, newResolutionError(fmt.Sprintf("can not slice on kind: %s", kindString(cur)), at)
+				}
+
+				if start < 0 || end < start || end > length {
+					if seg.Optional() {
+						cur = nil
+					} else {
+						return nil, nil, newResolutionError(fmt.Sprintf("slice out of bounds: [%d:%d]", start, end), at)
+					}
+				} else {
+					switch cur.Kind() {
+					case datamodel.Kind_List:
+						if end > cur.Length() {
+							end = cur.Length()
+						}
+						nb := basicnode.Prototype.List.NewBuilder()
+						assembler, _ := nb.BeginList(int64(end - start))
+						for i := start; i < end; i++ {
+							item, _ := cur.LookupByIndex(int64(i))
+							assembler.AssembleValue().AssignNode(item)
+						}
+						assembler.Finish()
+						cur = nb.Build()
+					case datamodel.Kind_Bytes:
+						b, _ := cur.AsBytes()
+						l := int64(len(b))
+						if end > l {
+							end = l
+						}
+						cur = basicnode.NewBytes(b[start:end])
+					case datamodel.Kind_String:
+						str, _ := cur.AsString()
+						l := int64(len(str))
+						if end > l {
+							end = l
+						}
+						cur = basicnode.NewString(str[start:end])
+					}
+				}
+			}
+
+		default: // Index()
+			at = append(at, fmt.Sprintf("%d", seg.Index()))
+			if cur == nil {
+				if seg.Optional() {
+					cur = nil
+				} else {
+					return nil, nil, newResolutionError(fmt.Sprintf("can not access index: %d on kind: %s", seg.Index(), kindString(cur)), at)
+				}
+			} else {
+				idx := seg.Index()
+				switch cur.Kind() {
+				case datamodel.Kind_List:
+					if idx < 0 {
+						idx = int(cur.Length()) + idx
+					}
+					if idx < 0 || idx >= int(cur.Length()) {
+						if seg.Optional() {
+							cur = nil
+						} else {
+							return nil, nil, newResolutionError(fmt.Sprintf("index out of bounds: %d", seg.Index()), at)
+						}
+					} else {
+						cur, _ = cur.LookupByIndex(int64(idx))
+					}
+				case datamodel.Kind_String:
+					str, _ := cur.AsString()
+					if idx < 0 {
+						idx = len(str) + idx
+					}
+					if idx < 0 || idx >= len(str) {
+						if seg.Optional() {
+							cur = nil
+						} else {
+							return nil, nil, newResolutionError(fmt.Sprintf("index out of bounds: %d", seg.Index()), at)
+						}
+					} else {
+						cur = basicnode.NewString(string(str[idx]))
+					}
+				case datamodel.Kind_Bytes:
+					b, _ := cur.AsBytes()
+					if idx < 0 {
+						idx = len(b) + idx
+					}
+					if idx < 0 || idx >= len(b) {
+						if seg.Optional() {
+							cur = nil
+						} else {
+							return nil, nil, newResolutionError(fmt.Sprintf("index out of bounds: %d", seg.Index()), at)
+						}
+					} else {
+						cur = basicnode.NewInt(int64(b[idx]))
+					}
+				default:
+					return nil, nil, newResolutionError(fmt.Sprintf("can not access index: %d on kind: %s", seg.Index(), kindString(cur)), at)
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return cur, nil, nil
+}
+
+func matchPath(sel Selector, path []string) (bool, []string) {
+	for _, seg := range sel {
+		if len(path) == 0 {
+			return true, path
+		}
+		switch {
 		case seg.Identity():
 			continue

 		case seg.Iterator():
-			switch {
-			case cur == nil || cur.Kind() == datamodel.Kind_Null:
-				if seg.Optional() {
-					// build an empty list
-					n, _ := qp.BuildList(basicnode.Prototype.Any, 0, func(_ datamodel.ListAssembler) {})
-					return n, nil
-				}
-				return nil, newResolutionError(fmt.Sprintf("can not iterate over kind: %s", kindString(cur)), at)
-
-			case cur.Kind() == datamodel.Kind_List:
-				// iterators are no-op on list
-				continue
-
-			case cur.Kind() == datamodel.Kind_Map:
-				// iterators on maps collect the values
-				nd, err := qp.BuildList(basicnode.Prototype.Any, cur.Length(), func(l datamodel.ListAssembler) {
-					it := cur.MapIterator()
-					for !it.Done() {
-						_, v, err := it.Next()
-						if err != nil {
-							// recovered by BuildList
-							// Error is bubbled up, but should never occur as we already checked the type,
-							// and are using the iterator correctly.
-							// This is verified with fuzzing.
-							panic(err)
-						}
-						qp.ListEntry(l, qp.Node(v))
-					}
-				})
-				if err != nil {
-					panic("should never happen")
-				}
-				return nd, nil
-
-			default:
-				return nil, newResolutionError(fmt.Sprintf("can not iterate over kind: %s", kindString(cur)), at)
-			}
+			// we have reached a [] iterator, it should have matched earlier
+			return false, nil

 		case seg.Field() != "":
-			at = append(at, seg.Field())
-			switch {
-			case cur == nil:
-				err := newResolutionError(fmt.Sprintf("can not access field: %s on kind: %s", seg.Field(), kindString(cur)), at)
-				return nil, errIfNotOptional(seg, err)
-
-			case cur.Kind() == datamodel.Kind_Map:
-				n, err := cur.LookupByString(seg.Field())
-				if err != nil {
-					// the only possible error is missing field as we already check the type
-					if seg.Optional() {
-						cur = nil
-					} else {
-						return nil, newResolutionError(fmt.Sprintf("object has no field named: %s", seg.Field()), at)
-					}
-				} else {
-					cur = n
-				}
-
-			default:
-				err := newResolutionError(fmt.Sprintf("can not access field: %s on kind: %s", seg.Field(), kindString(cur)), at)
-				return nil, errIfNotOptional(seg, err)
+			// if exact match on the segment, we continue
+			if path[0] == seg.Field() {
+				path = path[1:]
+				continue
 			}
+			return false, nil

-		case len(seg.Slice()) > 0:
-			if cur == nil {
-				err := newResolutionError(fmt.Sprintf("can not slice on kind: %s", kindString(cur)), at)
-				return nil, errIfNotOptional(seg, err)
-			}
-
-			slice := seg.Slice()
-
-			switch cur.Kind() {
-			case datamodel.Kind_List:
-				start, end := resolveSliceIndices(slice, cur.Length())
-				sliced, err := qp.BuildList(basicnode.Prototype.Any, end-start, func(l datamodel.ListAssembler) {
-					for i := start; i < end; i++ {
-						item, err := cur.LookupByIndex(i)
-						if err != nil {
-							// recovered by BuildList
-							// Error is bubbled up, but should never occur as we already checked the type and boundaries
-							// This is verified with fuzzing.
-							panic(err)
-						}
-						qp.ListEntry(l, qp.Node(item))
-					}
-				})
-				if err != nil {
-					panic("should never happen")
-				}
-				cur = sliced
-
-			case datamodel.Kind_Bytes:
-				b, _ := cur.AsBytes()
-				start, end := resolveSliceIndices(slice, int64(len(b)))
-				cur = basicnode.NewBytes(b[start:end])
-
-			case datamodel.Kind_String:
-				str, _ := cur.AsString()
-				runes := []rune(str)
-				start, end := resolveSliceIndices(slice, int64(len(runes)))
-				cur = basicnode.NewString(string(runes[start:end]))
-
-			default:
-				return nil, newResolutionError(fmt.Sprintf("can not slice on kind: %s", kindString(cur)), at)
-			}
+		case seg.Slice() != nil:
+			// we have reached a [<int>:<int>] slicing, it should have matched earlier
+			return false, nil

 		default: // Index()
-			at = append(at, strconv.Itoa(seg.Index()))
-
-			if cur == nil {
-				err := newResolutionError(fmt.Sprintf("can not access index: %d on kind: %s", seg.Index(), kindString(cur)), at)
-				return nil, errIfNotOptional(seg, err)
-			}
-
-			idx := seg.Index()
-			switch cur.Kind() {
-			case datamodel.Kind_List:
-				if idx < 0 {
-					idx = int(cur.Length()) + idx
-				}
-				if idx < 0 || idx >= int(cur.Length()) {
-					err := newResolutionError(fmt.Sprintf("index out of bounds: %d", seg.Index()), at)
-					return nil, errIfNotOptional(seg, err)
-				}
-				cur, _ = cur.LookupByIndex(int64(idx))
-
-			case datamodel.Kind_Bytes:
-				b, _ := cur.AsBytes()
-				if idx < 0 {
-					idx = len(b) + idx
-				}
-				if idx < 0 || idx >= len(b) {
-					err := newResolutionError(fmt.Sprintf("index %d out of bounds for bytes of length %d", seg.Index(), len(b)), at)
-					return nil, errIfNotOptional(seg, err)
-				}
-				cur = basicnode.NewInt(int64(b[idx]))
-
-			default:
-				return nil, newResolutionError(fmt.Sprintf("can not access index: %d on kind: %s", seg.Index(), kindString(cur)), at)
-			}
+			// we have reached a [<int>] indexing, it should have matched earlier
+			return false, nil
 		}
 	}
-
-	// segment exhausted, we return where we are
-	return cur, nil
+	return true, path
 }

 // resolveSliceIndices resolves the start and end indices for slicing a list or byte array.
@@ -253,41 +421,26 @@ func resolve(sel Selector, subject ipld.Node, at []string) (ipld.Node, error) {
 //
 // Returns:
 //   - start: The resolved start index for slicing.
-//   - end: The resolved **excluded** end index for slicing.
-func resolveSliceIndices(slice []int64, length int64) (start int64, end int64) {
-	if len(slice) != 2 {
-		panic("should always be 2-length")
+//   - end: The resolved end index for slicing.
+func resolveSliceIndices(slice []int, length int64) (int64, int64) {
+	start, end := int64(0), length
+	if len(slice) > 0 {
+		start = int64(slice[0])
+		if start < 0 {
+			start = length + start
+			if start < 0 {
+				start = 0
+			}
+		}
 	}
-
-	start, end = slice[0], slice[1]
-
-	// adjust boundaries
-	switch {
-	case slice[0] == math.MinInt:
-		start = 0
-	case slice[0] < 0:
-		start = length + slice[0]
-	}
-	switch {
-	case slice[1] == math.MaxInt:
-		end = length
-	case slice[1] < 0:
-		end = length + slice[1]
-	}
-
-	// backward iteration is not allowed, shortcut to an empty result
-	if start >= end {
-		start, end = 0, 0
-	}
-	// clamp out of bound
-	if start < 0 {
-		start = 0
-	}
-	if start > length {
-		start = length
-	}
-	if end > length {
-		end = length
+	if len(slice) > 1 {
+		end = int64(slice[1])
+		if end <= 0 {
+			end = length + end
+			if end < start {
+				end = start
+			}
+		}
 	}

 	return start, end
@@ -300,6 +453,19 @@ func kindString(n datamodel.Node) string {
 	return n.Kind().String()
 }

+func isMissing(err error) bool {
+	if _, ok := err.(datamodel.ErrNotExists); ok {
+		return true
+	}
+	if _, ok := err.(schema.ErrNoSuchField); ok {
+		return true
+	}
+	if _, ok := err.(schema.ErrInvalidKey); ok {
+		return true
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
 type resolutionerr struct {
 	msg string
 	at  []string
--- a/pkg/policy/selector/selector_test.go
+++ b/pkg/policy/selector/selector_test.go
@@ -1,20 +1,252 @@
 package selector

 import (
-	"errors"
+	"fmt"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"

 	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime"
 	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/codec/dagjson"
-	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/datamodel"
-	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/fluent/qp"
 	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/must"
 	basicnode "github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/node/basic"
 	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/node/bindnode"
+	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/printer"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )

+func TestParse(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("identity", func(t *testing.T) {
+		sel, err := Parse(".")
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, 1, len(sel))
+		require.True(t, sel[0].Identity())
+		require.False(t, sel[0].Optional())
+		require.False(t, sel[0].Iterator())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Slice())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Field())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Index())
+	})
+
+	t.Run("field", func(t *testing.T) {
+		sel, err := Parse(".foo")
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, 1, len(sel))
+		require.False(t, sel[0].Identity())
+		require.False(t, sel[0].Optional())
+		require.False(t, sel[0].Iterator())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Slice())
+		require.Equal(t, sel[0].Field(), "foo")
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Index())
+	})
+
+	t.Run("explicit field", func(t *testing.T) {
+		sel, err := Parse(`.["foo"]`)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, 2, len(sel))
+		require.True(t, sel[0].Identity())
+		require.False(t, sel[0].Optional())
+		require.False(t, sel[0].Iterator())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Slice())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Field())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Index())
+		require.False(t, sel[1].Identity())
+		require.False(t, sel[1].Optional())
+		require.False(t, sel[1].Iterator())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Slice())
+		require.Equal(t, sel[1].Field(), "foo")
+		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Index())
+	})
+
+	t.Run("index", func(t *testing.T) {
+		sel, err := Parse(".[138]")
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, 2, len(sel))
+		require.True(t, sel[0].Identity())
+		require.False(t, sel[0].Optional())
+		require.False(t, sel[0].Iterator())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Slice())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Field())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Index())
+		require.False(t, sel[1].Identity())
+		require.False(t, sel[1].Optional())
+		require.False(t, sel[1].Iterator())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Slice())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Field())
+		require.Equal(t, sel[1].Index(), 138)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("negative index", func(t *testing.T) {
+		sel, err := Parse(".[-138]")
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, 2, len(sel))
+		require.True(t, sel[0].Identity())
+		require.False(t, sel[0].Optional())
+		require.False(t, sel[0].Iterator())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Slice())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Field())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Index())
+		require.False(t, sel[1].Identity())
+		require.False(t, sel[1].Optional())
+		require.False(t, sel[1].Iterator())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Slice())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Field())
+		require.Equal(t, sel[1].Index(), -138)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("iterator", func(t *testing.T) {
+		sel, err := Parse(".[]")
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, 2, len(sel))
+		require.True(t, sel[0].Identity())
+		require.False(t, sel[0].Optional())
+		require.False(t, sel[0].Iterator())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Slice())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Field())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Index())
+		require.False(t, sel[1].Identity())
+		require.False(t, sel[1].Optional())
+		require.True(t, sel[1].Iterator())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Slice())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Field())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Index())
+	})
+
+	t.Run("optional field", func(t *testing.T) {
+		sel, err := Parse(".foo?")
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, 1, len(sel))
+		require.False(t, sel[0].Identity())
+		require.True(t, sel[0].Optional())
+		require.False(t, sel[0].Iterator())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Slice())
+		require.Equal(t, sel[0].Field(), "foo")
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Index())
+	})
+
+	t.Run("optional explicit field", func(t *testing.T) {
+		sel, err := Parse(`.["foo"]?`)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, 2, len(sel))
+		require.True(t, sel[0].Identity())
+		require.False(t, sel[0].Optional())
+		require.False(t, sel[0].Iterator())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Slice())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Field())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Index())
+		require.False(t, sel[1].Identity())
+		require.True(t, sel[1].Optional())
+		require.False(t, sel[1].Iterator())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Slice())
+		require.Equal(t, sel[1].Field(), "foo")
+		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Index())
+	})
+
+	t.Run("optional index", func(t *testing.T) {
+		sel, err := Parse(".[138]?")
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, 2, len(sel))
+		require.True(t, sel[0].Identity())
+		require.False(t, sel[0].Optional())
+		require.False(t, sel[0].Iterator())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Slice())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Field())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Index())
+		require.False(t, sel[1].Identity())
+		require.True(t, sel[1].Optional())
+		require.False(t, sel[1].Iterator())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Slice())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Field())
+		require.Equal(t, sel[1].Index(), 138)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("optional iterator", func(t *testing.T) {
+		sel, err := Parse(".[]?")
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, 2, len(sel))
+		require.True(t, sel[0].Identity())
+		require.False(t, sel[0].Optional())
+		require.False(t, sel[0].Iterator())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Slice())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Field())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Index())
+		require.False(t, sel[1].Identity())
+		require.True(t, sel[1].Optional())
+		require.True(t, sel[1].Iterator())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Slice())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Field())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Index())
+	})
+
+	t.Run("nesting", func(t *testing.T) {
+		str := `.foo.["bar"].[138]?.baz[1:]`
+		sel, err := Parse(str)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		printSegments(sel)
+		require.Equal(t, str, sel.String())
+		require.Equal(t, 7, len(sel))
+		require.False(t, sel[0].Identity())
+		require.False(t, sel[0].Optional())
+		require.False(t, sel[0].Iterator())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Slice())
+		require.Equal(t, sel[0].Field(), "foo")
+		require.Empty(t, sel[0].Index())
+		require.True(t, sel[1].Identity())
+		require.False(t, sel[1].Optional())
+		require.False(t, sel[1].Iterator())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Slice())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Field())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[1].Index())
+		require.False(t, sel[2].Identity())
+		require.False(t, sel[2].Optional())
+		require.False(t, sel[2].Iterator())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[2].Slice())
+		require.Equal(t, sel[2].Field(), "bar")
+		require.Empty(t, sel[2].Index())
+		require.True(t, sel[3].Identity())
+		require.False(t, sel[3].Optional())
+		require.False(t, sel[3].Iterator())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[3].Slice())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[3].Field())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[3].Index())
+		require.False(t, sel[4].Identity())
+		require.True(t, sel[4].Optional())
+		require.False(t, sel[4].Iterator())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[4].Slice())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[4].Field())
+		require.Equal(t, sel[4].Index(), 138)
+		require.False(t, sel[5].Identity())
+		require.False(t, sel[5].Optional())
+		require.False(t, sel[5].Iterator())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[5].Slice())
+		require.Equal(t, sel[5].Field(), "baz")
+		require.Empty(t, sel[5].Index())
+		require.False(t, sel[6].Identity())
+		require.False(t, sel[6].Optional())
+		require.False(t, sel[6].Iterator())
+		require.Equal(t, sel[6].Slice(), []int{1})
+		require.Empty(t, sel[6].Field())
+		require.Empty(t, sel[6].Index())
+	})
+
+	t.Run("non dotted", func(t *testing.T) {
+		_, err := Parse("foo")
+		require.NotNil(t, err)
+		fmt.Println(err)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("non quoted", func(t *testing.T) {
+		_, err := Parse(".[foo]")
+		require.NotNil(t, err)
+		fmt.Println(err)
+	})
+}
+
+func printSegments(s Selector) {
+	for i, seg := range s {
+		fmt.Printf("%d: %s\n", i, seg.String())
+	}
+}
+
 func TestSelect(t *testing.T) {
 	type name struct {
 		First  string
@@ -81,11 +313,14 @@ func TestSelect(t *testing.T) {
 		sel, err := Parse(".")
 		require.NoError(t, err)

-		res, err := sel.Select(anode)
+		one, many, err := sel.Select(anode)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.NotEmpty(t, res)
+		require.NotEmpty(t, one)
+		require.Empty(t, many)

-		age := must.Int(must.Node(res.LookupByString("age")))
+		fmt.Println(printer.Sprint(one))
+
+		age := must.Int(must.Node(one.LookupByString("age")))
 		require.Equal(t, int64(alice.Age), age)
 	})

@@ -93,18 +328,24 @@ func TestSelect(t *testing.T) {
 		sel, err := Parse(".name.first")
 		require.NoError(t, err)

-		res, err := sel.Select(anode)
+		one, many, err := sel.Select(anode)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.NotEmpty(t, res)
+		require.NotEmpty(t, one)
+		require.Empty(t, many)

-		name := must.String(res)
+		fmt.Println(printer.Sprint(one))
+
+		name := must.String(one)
 		require.Equal(t, alice.Name.First, name)

-		res, err = sel.Select(bnode)
+		one, many, err = sel.Select(bnode)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.NotEmpty(t, res)
+		require.NotEmpty(t, one)
+		require.Empty(t, many)

-		name = must.String(res)
+		fmt.Println(printer.Sprint(one))
+
+		name = must.String(one)
 		require.Equal(t, bob.Name.First, name)
 	})

@@ -112,178 +353,108 @@ func TestSelect(t *testing.T) {
 		sel, err := Parse(".name.middle?")
 		require.NoError(t, err)

-		res, err := sel.Select(anode)
+		one, many, err := sel.Select(anode)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.NotEmpty(t, res)
+		require.NotEmpty(t, one)
+		require.Empty(t, many)

-		name := must.String(res)
+		fmt.Println(printer.Sprint(one))
+
+		name := must.String(one)
 		require.Equal(t, *alice.Name.Middle, name)

-		res, err = sel.Select(bnode)
+		one, many, err = sel.Select(bnode)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.Empty(t, res)
+		require.Empty(t, one)
+		require.Empty(t, many)
 	})

 	t.Run("not exists", func(t *testing.T) {
 		sel, err := Parse(".name.foo")
 		require.NoError(t, err)

-		res, err := sel.Select(anode)
+		one, many, err := sel.Select(anode)
 		require.Error(t, err)
-		require.Empty(t, res)
+		require.Empty(t, one)
+		require.Empty(t, many)

-		require.ErrorAs(t, err, &resolutionerr{}, "error should be a resolution error")
+		fmt.Println(err)
+
+		require.ErrorAs(t, err, &resolutionerr{}, "error was not a resolution error")
 	})

 	t.Run("optional not exists", func(t *testing.T) {
 		sel, err := Parse(".name.foo?")
 		require.NoError(t, err)

-		one, err := sel.Select(anode)
+		one, many, err := sel.Select(anode)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 		require.Empty(t, one)
+		require.Empty(t, many)
 	})

 	t.Run("iterator", func(t *testing.T) {
 		sel, err := Parse(".interests[]")
 		require.NoError(t, err)

-		res, err := sel.Select(anode)
+		one, many, err := sel.Select(anode)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.NotEmpty(t, res)
+		require.Empty(t, one)
+		require.NotEmpty(t, many)

-		iname := must.String(must.Node(must.Node(res.LookupByIndex(0)).LookupByString("name")))
+		for _, n := range many {
+			fmt.Println(printer.Sprint(n))
+		}
+
+		iname := must.String(must.Node(many[0].LookupByString("name")))
 		require.Equal(t, alice.Interests[0].Name, iname)

-		iname = must.String(must.Node(must.Node(res.LookupByIndex(1)).LookupByString("name")))
+		iname = must.String(must.Node(many[1].LookupByString("name")))
 		require.Equal(t, alice.Interests[1].Name, iname)
 	})

-	t.Run("slice on string", func(t *testing.T) {
-		sel, err := Parse(`.[1:3]`)
+	t.Run("map iterator", func(t *testing.T) {
+		sel, err := Parse(".interests[0][]")
 		require.NoError(t, err)

-		node := basicnode.NewString("hello")
-		res, err := sel.Select(node)
+		one, many, err := sel.Select(anode)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.NotEmpty(t, res)
+		require.Empty(t, one)
+		require.NotEmpty(t, many)

-		str, err := res.AsString()
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.Equal(t, "el", str) // assert sliced substring
+		for _, n := range many {
+			fmt.Println(printer.Sprint(n))
+		}
+
+		require.Equal(t, alice.Interests[0].Name, must.String(many[0]))
+		require.Equal(t, alice.Interests[0].Experience, int(must.Int(many[2])))
 	})
+}

-	t.Run("out of bounds slicing", func(t *testing.T) {
-		node, err := qp.BuildList(basicnode.Prototype.Any, 3, func(la datamodel.ListAssembler) {
-			qp.ListEntry(la, qp.Int(1))
-			qp.ListEntry(la, qp.Int(2))
-			qp.ListEntry(la, qp.Int(3))
+func TestMatch(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, tc := range []struct {
+		sel       string
+		path      []string
+		want      bool
+		remaining []string
+	}{
+		{sel: ".foo.bar", path: []string{"foo", "bar"}, want: true, remaining: []string{}},
+		{sel: ".foo.bar", path: []string{"foo"}, want: true, remaining: []string{}},
+		{sel: ".foo.bar", path: []string{"foo", "bar", "baz"}, want: true, remaining: []string{"baz"}},
+		{sel: ".foo.bar", path: []string{"foo", "faa"}, want: false},
+		{sel: ".foo.[]", path: []string{"foo", "faa"}, want: false},
+		{sel: ".foo.[]", path: []string{"foo"}, want: true, remaining: []string{}},
+		{sel: ".foo.bar?", path: []string{"foo"}, want: true, remaining: []string{}},
+		{sel: ".foo.bar?", path: []string{"foo", "bar"}, want: true, remaining: []string{}},
+		{sel: ".foo.bar?", path: []string{"foo", "baz"}, want: false},
+	} {
+		t.Run(tc.sel, func(t *testing.T) {
+			sel := MustParse(tc.sel)
+			res, remain := sel.MatchPath(tc.path...)
+			require.Equal(t, tc.want, res)
+			require.EqualValues(t, tc.remaining, remain)
 		})
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-
-		sel, err := Parse(`.[10:20]`)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-
-		res, err := sel.Select(node)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.NotEmpty(t, res)
-		require.Equal(t, int64(0), res.Length())
-
-		_, err = res.LookupByIndex(0)
-		require.ErrorIs(t, err, datamodel.ErrNotExists{}) // assert empty result for out of bounds slice
-	})
-
-	t.Run("backward slicing", func(t *testing.T) {
-		node, err := qp.BuildList(basicnode.Prototype.Any, 3, func(la datamodel.ListAssembler) {
-			qp.ListEntry(la, qp.Int(1))
-			qp.ListEntry(la, qp.Int(2))
-			qp.ListEntry(la, qp.Int(3))
-		})
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-
-		sel, err := Parse(`.[5:2]`)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-
-		res, err := sel.Select(node)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.NotEmpty(t, res)
-		require.Equal(t, int64(0), res.Length())
-
-		_, err = res.LookupByIndex(0)
-		require.ErrorIs(t, err, datamodel.ErrNotExists{}) // assert empty result for backward slice
-	})
-
-	t.Run("slice with negative index", func(t *testing.T) {
-		node, err := qp.BuildList(basicnode.Prototype.Any, 3, func(la datamodel.ListAssembler) {
-			qp.ListEntry(la, qp.Int(1))
-			qp.ListEntry(la, qp.Int(2))
-			qp.ListEntry(la, qp.Int(3))
-		})
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-
-		sel, err := Parse(`.[0:-1]`)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-
-		res, err := sel.Select(node)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.NotEmpty(t, res)
-
-		val, err := res.LookupByIndex(1)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.Equal(t, 2, int(must.Int(val))) // Assert sliced value at index 1
-	})
-
-	t.Run("slice on bytes", func(t *testing.T) {
-		sel, err := Parse(`.[1:3]`)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-
-		node := basicnode.NewBytes([]byte{0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05})
-		res, err := sel.Select(node)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.NotEmpty(t, res)
-
-		bytes, err := res.AsBytes()
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.Equal(t, []byte{0x02, 0x03}, bytes) // assert sliced bytes
-	})
-
-	t.Run("index on bytes", func(t *testing.T) {
-		sel, err := Parse(`.[2]`)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-
-		node := basicnode.NewBytes([]byte{0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05})
-		res, err := sel.Select(node)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.NotEmpty(t, res)
-
-		val, err := res.AsInt()
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.Equal(t, int64(0x03), val) // assert indexed byte value
-	})
-
-	t.Run("out of bounds slicing on bytes", func(t *testing.T) {
-		sel, err := Parse(`.[10:20]`)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-
-		node := basicnode.NewBytes([]byte{0x01, 0x02, 0x03})
-		res, err := sel.Select(node)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.NotNil(t, res)
-
-		bytes, err := res.AsBytes()
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		require.Empty(t, bytes) // assert empty result for out of bounds slice
-	})
-
-	t.Run("out of bounds indexing on bytes", func(t *testing.T) {
-		sel, err := Parse(`.[10]`)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-
-		node := basicnode.NewBytes([]byte{0x01, 0x02, 0x03})
-		_, err = sel.Select(node)
-		require.Error(t, err)
-		require.Contains(t, err.Error(), "can not resolve path: .10") // assert error for out of bounds index
-	})
+	}
 }

 func FuzzParse(f *testing.F) {
@@ -349,10 +520,6 @@ func FuzzParseAndSelect(f *testing.F) {
 		}

 		// look for panic()
-		_, err = sel.Select(node)
-		if err != nil && !errors.As(err, &resolutionerr{}) {
-			// not normal, we should only have resolution errors
-			t.Fatal(err)
-		}
+		_, _, _ = sel.Select(node)
 	})
 }
--- a/pkg/policy/selector/supported_test.go
+++ b/pkg/policy/selector/supported_test.go
@@ -1,12 +1,15 @@
 package selector_test

 import (
+	"bytes"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"

 	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime"
 	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/codec/dagjson"
+	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/datamodel"
 	basicnode "github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/node/basic"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"

 	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/pkg/policy/selector"
@@ -23,15 +26,17 @@ func TestSupportedForms(t *testing.T) {
 		Output   string
 	}

-	// Pass and return a node
+	// Pass
 	for _, testcase := range []Testcase{
 		{Name: "Identity", Selector: `.`, Input: `{"x":1}`, Output: `{"x":1}`},
 		{Name: "Iterator", Selector: `.[]`, Input: `[1, 2]`, Output: `[1, 2]`},
 		{Name: "Optional Null Iterator", Selector: `.[]?`, Input: `null`, Output: `[]`},
+		{Name: "Optional Iterator", Selector: `.[][]?`, Input: `[[1], 2, [3]]`, Output: `[1, 3]`},
 		{Name: "Object Key", Selector: `.x`, Input: `{"x": 1 }`, Output: `1`},
 		{Name: "Quoted Key", Selector: `.["x"]`, Input: `{"x": 1}`, Output: `1`},
 		{Name: "Index", Selector: `.[0]`, Input: `[1, 2]`, Output: `1`},
 		{Name: "Negative Index", Selector: `.[-1]`, Input: `[1, 2]`, Output: `2`},
+		{Name: "String Index", Selector: `.[0]`, Input: `"Hi"`, Output: `"H"`},
 		{Name: "Bytes Index", Selector: `.[0]`, Input: `{"/":{"bytes":"AAE"}}`, Output: `0`},
 		{Name: "Array Slice", Selector: `.[0:2]`, Input: `[0, 1, 2]`, Output: `[0, 1]`},
 		{Name: "Array Slice", Selector: `.[1:]`, Input: `[0, 1, 2]`, Output: `[1, 2]`},
@@ -47,16 +52,35 @@ func TestSupportedForms(t *testing.T) {
 			require.NoError(t, err)

 			// attempt to select
-			res, err := sel.Select(makeNode(t, tc.Input))
+			node, nodes, err := sel.Select(makeNode(t, tc.Input))
 			require.NoError(t, err)
-			require.NotNil(t, res)
+			require.NotEqual(t, node != nil, len(nodes) > 0) // XOR (only one of node or nodes should be set)
+
+			// make an IPLD List node from a []datamodel.Node
+			if node == nil {
+				nb := basicnode.Prototype.List.NewBuilder()
+				la, err := nb.BeginList(int64(len(nodes)))
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+
+				for _, n := range nodes {
+					// TODO: This code is probably not needed if the Select operation properly prunes nil values - e.g.: Optional Iterator
+					if n == nil {
+						n = datamodel.Null
+					}
+
+					require.NoError(t, la.AssembleValue().AssignNode(n))
+				}
+				require.NoError(t, la.Finish())
+
+				node = nb.Build()
+			}

 			exp := makeNode(t, tc.Output)
-			require.True(t, ipld.DeepEqual(exp, res))
+			equalIPLD(t, exp, node)
 		})
 	}

-	// No error and return null, as optional
+	// null
 	for _, testcase := range []Testcase{
 		{Name: "Optional Missing Key", Selector: `.x?`, Input: `{}`},
 		{Name: "Optional Null Key", Selector: `.x?`, Input: `null`},
@@ -73,15 +97,19 @@ func TestSupportedForms(t *testing.T) {
 			require.NoError(t, err)

 			// attempt to select
-			res, err := sel.Select(makeNode(t, tc.Input))
+			node, nodes, err := sel.Select(makeNode(t, tc.Input))
 			require.NoError(t, err)
-			require.Nil(t, res)
+			// TODO: should Select return a single node which is sometimes a list or null?
+			// require.Equal(t, datamodel.Null, node)
+			assert.Nil(t, node)
+			assert.Empty(t, nodes)
 		})
 	}

-	// fail to select and return an error
+	// error
 	for _, testcase := range []Testcase{
 		{Name: "Null Iterator", Selector: `.[]`, Input: `null`},
+		{Name: "Nested Iterator", Selector: `.[][]`, Input: `[[1], 2, [3]]`},
 		{Name: "Missing Key", Selector: `.x`, Input: `{}`},
 		{Name: "Null Key", Selector: `.x`, Input: `null`},
 		{Name: "Array Key", Selector: `.x`, Input: `[]`},
@@ -96,13 +124,31 @@ func TestSupportedForms(t *testing.T) {
 			require.NoError(t, err)

 			// attempt to select
-			res, err := sel.Select(makeNode(t, tc.Input))
+			node, nodes, err := sel.Select(makeNode(t, tc.Input))
 			require.Error(t, err)
-			require.Nil(t, res)
+			assert.Nil(t, node)
+			assert.Empty(t, nodes)
 		})
 	}
 }

+func equalIPLD(t *testing.T, expected datamodel.Node, actual datamodel.Node) bool {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	exp, act := &bytes.Buffer{}, &bytes.Buffer{}
+	if err := dagjson.Encode(expected, exp); err != nil {
+		return assert.Fail(t, "Failed to encode json for expected IPLD node")
+	}
+
+	if err := dagjson.Encode(actual, act); err != nil {
+		return assert.Fail(t, "Failed to encode JSON for actual IPLD node")
+	}
+
+	require.JSONEq(t, exp.String(), act.String())
+
+	return true
+}
+
 func makeNode(t *testing.T, dagJsonInput string) ipld.Node {
 	t.Helper()

--- a/token/delegation/delegation.go
+++ b/token/delegation/delegation.go
@@ -10,16 +10,17 @@ package delegation
 // TODO: change the "delegation" link above when the specification is merged

 import (
+	"crypto/rand"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"time"

+	"github.com/libp2p/go-libp2p/core/crypto"
+
 	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/did"
 	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/pkg/command"
 	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/pkg/meta"
 	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/pkg/policy"
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/token/internal/nonce"
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/token/internal/parse"
 )

 // Token is an immutable type that holds the fields of a UCAN delegation.
@@ -46,10 +47,15 @@ type Token struct {

 // New creates a validated Token from the provided parameters and options.
 //
-// When creating a delegated token, the Issuer's (iss) DID is assembled
+// When creating a delegated token, the Issuer's (iss) DID is assembed
 // using the public key associated with the private key sent as the first
 // parameter.
-func New(iss, aud did.DID, cmd command.Command, pol policy.Policy, opts ...Option) (*Token, error) {
+func New(privKey crypto.PrivKey, aud did.DID, cmd command.Command, pol policy.Policy, opts ...Option) (*Token, error) {
+	iss, err := did.FromPrivKey(privKey)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
 	tkn := &Token{
 		issuer:   iss,
 		audience: aud,
@@ -66,9 +72,8 @@ func New(iss, aud did.DID, cmd command.Command, pol policy.Policy, opts ...Optio
 		}
 	}

-	var err error
 	if len(tkn.nonce) == 0 {
-		tkn.nonce, err = nonce.Generate()
+		tkn.nonce, err = generateNonce()
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
@@ -87,10 +92,15 @@ func New(iss, aud did.DID, cmd command.Command, pol policy.Policy, opts ...Optio
 // When creating a root token, both the Issuer's (iss) and Subject's
 // (sub) DIDs are assembled from the public key associated with the
 // private key passed as the first argument.
-func Root(iss, aud did.DID, cmd command.Command, pol policy.Policy, opts ...Option) (*Token, error) {
-	opts = append(opts, WithSubject(iss))
+func Root(privKey crypto.PrivKey, aud did.DID, cmd command.Command, pol policy.Policy, opts ...Option) (*Token, error) {
+	sub, err := did.FromPrivKey(privKey)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}

-	return New(iss, aud, cmd, pol, opts...)
+	opts = append(opts, WithSubject(sub))
+
+	return New(privKey, aud, cmd, pol, opts...)
 }

 // Issuer returns the did.DID representing the Token's issuer.
@@ -128,8 +138,8 @@ func (t *Token) Nonce() []byte {
 }

 // Meta returns the Token's metadata.
-func (t *Token) Meta() meta.ReadOnly {
-	return t.meta.ReadOnly()
+func (t *Token) Meta() *meta.Meta {
+	return t.meta
 }

 // NotBefore returns the time at which the Token becomes "active".
@@ -142,24 +152,6 @@ func (t *Token) Expiration() *time.Time {
 	return t.expiration
 }

-// IsValidNow verifies that the token can be used at the current time, based on expiration or "not before" fields.
-// This does NOT do any other kind of verifications.
-func (t *Token) IsValidNow() bool {
-	return t.IsValidAt(time.Now())
-}
-
-// IsValidNow verifies that the token can be used at the given time, based on expiration or "not before" fields.
-// This does NOT do any other kind of verifications.
-func (t *Token) IsValidAt(ti time.Time) bool {
-	if t.expiration != nil && ti.After(*t.expiration) {
-		return false
-	}
-	if t.notBefore != nil && ti.Before(*t.notBefore) {
-		return false
-	}
-	return true
-}
-
 func (t *Token) validate() error {
 	var errs error

@@ -192,19 +184,27 @@ func tokenFromModel(m tokenPayloadModel) (*Token, error) {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("parse iss: %w", err)
 	}

-	if tkn.audience, err = did.Parse(m.Aud); err != nil {
+	tkn.audience, err = did.Parse(m.Aud)
+	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("parse audience: %w", err)
 	}

-	if tkn.subject, err = parse.OptionalDID(m.Sub); err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("parse subject: %w", err)
+	if m.Sub != nil {
+		tkn.subject, err = did.Parse(*m.Sub)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("parse subject: %w", err)
+		}
+	} else {
+		tkn.subject = did.Undef
 	}

-	if tkn.command, err = command.Parse(m.Cmd); err != nil {
+	tkn.command, err = command.Parse(m.Cmd)
+	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("parse command: %w", err)
 	}

-	if tkn.policy, err = policy.FromIPLD(m.Pol); err != nil {
+	tkn.policy, err = policy.FromIPLD(m.Pol)
+	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("parse policy: %w", err)
 	}

@@ -213,10 +213,17 @@ func tokenFromModel(m tokenPayloadModel) (*Token, error) {
 	}
 	tkn.nonce = m.Nonce

-	tkn.meta = m.Meta
+	tkn.meta = &m.Meta

-	tkn.notBefore = parse.OptionalTimestamp(m.Nbf)
-	tkn.expiration = parse.OptionalTimestamp(m.Exp)
+	if m.Nbf != nil {
+		t := time.Unix(*m.Nbf, 0)
+		tkn.notBefore = &t
+	}
+
+	if m.Exp != nil {
+		t := time.Unix(*m.Exp, 0)
+		tkn.expiration = &t
+	}

 	if err := tkn.validate(); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
@@ -224,3 +231,14 @@ func tokenFromModel(m tokenPayloadModel) (*Token, error) {

 	return &tkn, nil
 }
+
+// generateNonce creates a 12-byte random nonce.
+// TODO: some crypto scheme require more, is that our case?
+func generateNonce() ([]byte, error) {
+	res := make([]byte, 12)
+	_, err := rand.Read(res)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return res, nil
+}
--- a/token/delegation/delegation.ipldsch
+++ b/token/delegation/delegation.ipldsch
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ type Payload struct {
    nonce Bytes

    # Arbitrary Metadata
-    meta optional {String : Any}
+    meta {String : Any}

    # "Not before" UTC Unix Timestamp in seconds (valid from), 53-bits integer
    nbf optional Int
--- a/token/delegation/delegation_test.go
+++ b/token/delegation/delegation_test.go
@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
 package delegation_test

 import (
-	"encoding/base64"
 	"testing"
 	"time"

+	"github.com/libp2p/go-libp2p/core/crypto"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 	"gotest.tools/v3/golden"

-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/did/didtest"
+	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/did"
 	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/pkg/command"
 	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/pkg/policy"
 	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/token/delegation"
@@ -17,8 +17,16 @@ import (
 const (
 	nonce = "6roDhGi0kiNriQAz7J3d+bOeoI/tj8ENikmQNbtjnD0"

-	subJectCmd = "/foo/bar"
-	subjectPol = `
+	AudiencePrivKeyCfg = "CAESQL1hvbXpiuk2pWr/XFbfHJcZNpJ7S90iTA3wSCTc/BPRneCwPnCZb6c0vlD6ytDWqaOt0HEOPYnqEpnzoBDprSM="
+	AudienceDID        = "did:key:z6Mkq5YmbJcTrPExNDi26imrTCpKhepjBFBSHqrBDN2ArPkv"
+
+	issuerPrivKeyCfg = "CAESQLSql38oDmQXIihFFaYIjb73mwbPsc7MIqn4o8PN4kRNnKfHkw5gRP1IV9b6d0estqkZayGZ2vqMAbhRixjgkDU="
+	issuerDID        = "did:key:z6Mkpzn2n3ZGT2VaqMGSQC3tzmzV4TS9S71iFsDXE1WnoNH2"
+
+	subjectPrivKeyCfg = "CAESQL9RtjZ4dQBeXtvDe53UyvslSd64kSGevjdNiA1IP+hey5i/3PfRXSuDr71UeJUo1fLzZ7mGldZCOZL3gsIQz5c="
+	subjectDID        = "did:key:z6MktA1uBdCpq4uJBqE9jjMiLyxZBg9a6xgPPKJjMqss6Zc2"
+	subJectCmd        = "/foo/bar"
+	subjectPol        = `
 [
 	[
 		"==",
@@ -56,15 +64,20 @@ const (
 ]
 `

-	newCID  = "zdpuAwa4qv3ncMDPeDoqVxjZy3JoyWsbqUzm94rdA1AvRFkkw"
+	newCID  = "zdpuAn9JgGPvnt2WCmTaKktZdbuvcVGTg9bUT5kQaufwUtZ6e"
 	rootCID = "zdpuAkgGmUp5JrXvehGuuw9JA8DLQKDaxtK3R8brDQQVC2i5X"
-
-	aesKey = "xQklMmNTnVrmaPBq/0pwV5fEwuv/iClF5HWak9MsgI8="
 )

 func TestConstructors(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()

+	privKey := privKey(t, issuerPrivKeyCfg)
+
+	aud, err := did.Parse(AudienceDID)
+
+	sub, err := did.Parse(subjectDID)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
 	cmd, err := command.Parse(subJectCmd)
 	require.NoError(t, err)

@@ -75,25 +88,27 @@ func TestConstructors(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, err)

 	t.Run("New", func(t *testing.T) {
-		tkn, err := delegation.New(didtest.PersonaAlice.DID(), didtest.PersonaBob.DID(), cmd, pol,
+		tkn, err := delegation.New(privKey, aud, cmd, pol,
 			delegation.WithNonce([]byte(nonce)),
-			delegation.WithSubject(didtest.PersonaAlice.DID()),
+			delegation.WithSubject(sub),
 			delegation.WithExpiration(exp),
 			delegation.WithMeta("foo", "fooo"),
 			delegation.WithMeta("bar", "barr"),
 		)
 		require.NoError(t, err)

-		data, err := tkn.ToDagJson(didtest.PersonaAlice.PrivKey())
+		data, err := tkn.ToDagJson(privKey)
 		require.NoError(t, err)

+		t.Log(string(data))
+
 		golden.Assert(t, string(data), "new.dagjson")
 	})

 	t.Run("Root", func(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Parallel()

-		tkn, err := delegation.Root(didtest.PersonaAlice.DID(), didtest.PersonaBob.DID(), cmd, pol,
+		tkn, err := delegation.Root(privKey, aud, cmd, pol,
 			delegation.WithNonce([]byte(nonce)),
 			delegation.WithExpiration(exp),
 			delegation.WithMeta("foo", "fooo"),
@@ -101,109 +116,21 @@ func TestConstructors(t *testing.T) {
 		)
 		require.NoError(t, err)

-		data, err := tkn.ToDagJson(didtest.PersonaAlice.PrivKey())
+		data, err := tkn.ToDagJson(privKey)
 		require.NoError(t, err)

+		t.Log(string(data))
+
 		golden.Assert(t, string(data), "root.dagjson")
 	})
 }

-func TestEncryptedMeta(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	cmd, err := command.Parse(subJectCmd)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	pol, err := policy.FromDagJson(subjectPol)
+func privKey(t require.TestingT, privKeyCfg string) crypto.PrivKey {
+	privKeyMar, err := crypto.ConfigDecodeKey(privKeyCfg)
 	require.NoError(t, err)

-	encryptionKey, err := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(aesKey)
+	privKey, err := crypto.UnmarshalPrivateKey(privKeyMar)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.Len(t, encryptionKey, 32)

-	tests := []struct {
-		name        string
-		key         string
-		value       string
-		expectError bool
-	}{
-		{
-			name:  "simple string",
-			key:   "secret1",
-			value: "hello world",
-		},
-		{
-			name:  "empty string",
-			key:   "secret2",
-			value: "",
-		},
-		{
-			name:  "special characters",
-			key:   "secret3",
-			value: "!@#$%^&*()_+-=[]{}|;:,.<>?",
-		},
-		{
-			name:  "unicode characters",
-			key:   "secret4",
-			value: "Hello, 世界! 👋",
-		},
-	}
-
-	for _, tt := range tests {
-		tt := tt
-		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			t.Parallel()
-
-			tkn, err := delegation.New(didtest.PersonaAlice.DID(), didtest.PersonaBob.DID(), cmd, pol,
-				delegation.WithEncryptedMetaString(tt.key, tt.value, encryptionKey),
-			)
-			require.NoError(t, err)
-
-			data, err := tkn.ToDagCbor(didtest.PersonaAlice.PrivKey())
-			require.NoError(t, err)
-
-			decodedTkn, _, err := delegation.FromSealed(data)
-			require.NoError(t, err)
-
-			_, err = decodedTkn.Meta().GetString(tt.key)
-			require.Error(t, err)
-
-			decrypted, err := decodedTkn.Meta().GetEncryptedString(tt.key, encryptionKey)
-			require.NoError(t, err)
-			// Verify the decrypted value is equal to the original
-			require.Equal(t, tt.value, decrypted)
-
-			// Try to decrypt with wrong key
-			wrongKey := make([]byte, 32)
-			_, err = decodedTkn.Meta().GetEncryptedString(tt.key, wrongKey)
-			require.Error(t, err)
-		})
-	}
-
-	t.Run("multiple encrypted values in the same token", func(t *testing.T) {
-		values := map[string]string{
-			"secret1": "value1",
-			"secret2": "value2",
-			"secret3": "value3",
-		}
-		var opts []delegation.Option
-		for k, v := range values {
-			opts = append(opts, delegation.WithEncryptedMetaString(k, v, encryptionKey))
-		}
-
-		// Create token with multiple encrypted values
-		tkn, err := delegation.New(didtest.PersonaAlice.DID(), didtest.PersonaBob.DID(), cmd, pol, opts...)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-
-		data, err := tkn.ToDagCbor(didtest.PersonaAlice.PrivKey())
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-
-		decodedTkn, _, err := delegation.FromSealed(data)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-
-		for k, v := range values {
-			decrypted, err := decodedTkn.Meta().GetEncryptedString(k, encryptionKey)
-			require.NoError(t, err)
-			require.Equal(t, v, decrypted)
-		}
-	})
+	return privKey
 }
--- a/token/delegation/delegationtest/README.md
+++ b/token/delegation/delegationtest/README.md
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-# delegationtest
-
-See the package documentation for instructions on how to use the generated
-tokens as well as information on how to regenerate the code if changes have
-been made.
--- a/token/delegation/delegationtest/data/TokenAliceBob.dagcbor
+++ b/token/delegation/delegationtest/data/TokenAliceBob.dagcbor
--- a/token/delegation/delegationtest/data/TokenBobCarol.dagcbor
+++ b/token/delegation/delegationtest/data/TokenBobCarol.dagcbor
--- a/token/delegation/delegationtest/data/TokenCarolDan.dagcbor
+++ b/token/delegation/delegationtest/data/TokenCarolDan.dagcbor
--- a/token/delegation/delegationtest/data/TokenCarolDan_InvalidExpandedCommand.dagcbor
+++ b/token/delegation/delegationtest/data/TokenCarolDan_InvalidExpandedCommand.dagcbor
--- a/token/delegation/delegationtest/data/TokenCarolDan_InvalidExpired.dagcbor
+++ b/token/delegation/delegationtest/data/TokenCarolDan_InvalidExpired.dagcbor
--- a/token/delegation/delegationtest/data/TokenCarolDan_InvalidInactive.dagcbor
+++ b/token/delegation/delegationtest/data/TokenCarolDan_InvalidInactive.dagcbor
--- a/token/delegation/delegationtest/data/TokenCarolDan_InvalidSubject.dagcbor
+++ b/token/delegation/delegationtest/data/TokenCarolDan_InvalidSubject.dagcbor
--- a/token/delegation/delegationtest/data/TokenCarolDan_ValidAttenuatedCommand.dagcbor
+++ b/token/delegation/delegationtest/data/TokenCarolDan_ValidAttenuatedCommand.dagcbor
--- a/token/delegation/delegationtest/data/TokenDanErin.dagcbor
+++ b/token/delegation/delegationtest/data/TokenDanErin.dagcbor
--- a/token/delegation/delegationtest/data/TokenDanErin_InvalidExpandedCommand.dagcbor
+++ b/token/delegation/delegationtest/data/TokenDanErin_InvalidExpandedCommand.dagcbor
--- a/token/delegation/delegationtest/data/TokenDanErin_InvalidExpired.dagcbor
+++ b/token/delegation/delegationtest/data/TokenDanErin_InvalidExpired.dagcbor
--- a/token/delegation/delegationtest/data/TokenDanErin_InvalidInactive.dagcbor
+++ b/token/delegation/delegationtest/data/TokenDanErin_InvalidInactive.dagcbor
--- a/token/delegation/delegationtest/data/TokenDanErin_InvalidSubject.dagcbor
+++ b/token/delegation/delegationtest/data/TokenDanErin_InvalidSubject.dagcbor
--- a/token/delegation/delegationtest/data/TokenDanErin_ValidAttenuatedCommand.dagcbor
+++ b/token/delegation/delegationtest/data/TokenDanErin_ValidAttenuatedCommand.dagcbor
--- a/token/delegation/delegationtest/data/TokenErinFrank.dagcbor
+++ b/token/delegation/delegationtest/data/TokenErinFrank.dagcbor
--- a/token/delegation/delegationtest/data/TokenErinFrank_InvalidExpandedCommand.dagcbor
+++ b/token/delegation/delegationtest/data/TokenErinFrank_InvalidExpandedCommand.dagcbor
--- a/token/delegation/delegationtest/data/TokenErinFrank_InvalidExpired.dagcbor
+++ b/token/delegation/delegationtest/data/TokenErinFrank_InvalidExpired.dagcbor
--- a/token/delegation/delegationtest/data/TokenErinFrank_InvalidInactive.dagcbor
+++ b/token/delegation/delegationtest/data/TokenErinFrank_InvalidInactive.dagcbor
--- a/token/delegation/delegationtest/data/TokenErinFrank_InvalidSubject.dagcbor
+++ b/token/delegation/delegationtest/data/TokenErinFrank_InvalidSubject.dagcbor
--- a/token/delegation/delegationtest/data/TokenErinFrank_ValidAttenuatedCommand.dagcbor
+++ b/token/delegation/delegationtest/data/TokenErinFrank_ValidAttenuatedCommand.dagcbor
--- a/token/delegation/delegationtest/doc.go
+++ b/token/delegation/delegationtest/doc.go
@@ -1,33 +0,0 @@
-// Package delegationtest provides a set of pre-built delegation tokens
-// for a variety of test cases.
-//
-// For all delegation tokens, the name of the delegation token is the
-// Issuer appended with the Audience.  The tokens are generated so that
-// an invocation can be created for any didtest.Persona.
-//
-// Delegation proof-chain names contain each didtest.Persona name in
-// order starting with the root delegation (which will always be generated
-// by Alice). This is the opposite of the list of cic.Cids that represent the
-// proof chain.
-//
-// For both the generated delegation tokens granted to Carol's Persona and
-// the proof chains containing Carol's delegations to Dan, if there is no
-// suffix, the proof chain will be deemed valid.  If there is a suffix, it
-// will consist of either the word "Valid" or "Invalid" and the name of the
-// field that has been altered. Only optional fields will generate proof
-// chains with Valid suffixes.
-//
-// If changes are made to the list of Personas included in the chain, or
-// in the variants that are specified, the generated Go file and delegation
-// tokens stored in the data/ directory should be regenerated by running
-// the following command in this directory:
-//
-//	cd generator && go run .
-//
-// Generated delegation Tokens are stored in the data/ directory and loaded
-// into the delegation.Loader.
-// Generated references to these tokens and the tokens themselves are
-// created in the token_gen.go file. See /token/invocation/invocation_test.go
-// for an example of how these delegation tokens and proof-chains can
-// be used during testing.
-package delegationtest
--- a/token/delegation/delegationtest/generator/generator.go
+++ b/token/delegation/delegationtest/generator/generator.go
@@ -1,234 +0,0 @@
-package main
-
-import (
-	"os"
-	"path/filepath"
-	"slices"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/dave/jennifer/jen"
-	"github.com/ipfs/go-cid"
-	"github.com/libp2p/go-libp2p/core/crypto"
-
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/did"
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/did/didtest"
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/pkg/command"
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/pkg/policy"
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/token/delegation"
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/token/delegation/delegationtest"
-)
-
-const (
-	tokenNamePrefix      = "Token"
-	proorChainNamePrefix = "Proof"
-	tokenExt             = ".dagcbor"
-)
-
-var constantNonce = []byte{0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, 0x08, 0x09, 0x0a, 0x0b}
-
-type newDelegationParams struct {
-	privKey crypto.PrivKey
-	aud     did.DID
-	sub     did.DID
-	cmd     command.Command
-	pol     policy.Policy
-	opts    []delegation.Option
-}
-
-type token struct {
-	name string
-	id   cid.Cid
-}
-
-type proof struct {
-	name string
-	prf  []cid.Cid
-}
-
-type acc struct {
-	name  string
-	chain []cid.Cid
-}
-
-type variant struct {
-	name    string
-	variant func(*newDelegationParams)
-}
-
-func noopVariant() variant {
-	return variant{
-		name:    "",
-		variant: func(_ *newDelegationParams) {},
-	}
-}
-
-type generator struct {
-	dlgs   []token
-	chains []proof
-}
-
-func (g *generator) chainPersonas(personas []didtest.Persona, acc acc, vari variant) error {
-	acc.name += personas[0].Name()
-
-	proofName := acc.name
-	if len(vari.name) > 0 {
-		proofName += "_" + vari.name
-	}
-	g.createProofChain(proofName, acc.chain)
-
-	if len(personas) < 2 {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	name := personas[0].Name() + personas[1].Name()
-
-	params := newDelegationParams{
-		privKey: personas[0].PrivKey(),
-		aud:     personas[1].DID(),
-		cmd:     delegationtest.NominalCommand,
-		pol:     policy.Policy{},
-		opts: []delegation.Option{
-			delegation.WithSubject(didtest.PersonaAlice.DID()),
-			delegation.WithNonce(constantNonce),
-		},
-	}
-
-	// Create each nominal token and continue the chain
-	id, err := g.createDelegation(params, name, vari)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	acc.chain = append(acc.chain, id)
-	err = g.chainPersonas(personas[1:], acc, vari)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	// If the user is Carol, create variants for each invalid and/or optional
-	// parameter and also continue the chain
-	if personas[0] == didtest.PersonaCarol {
-		variants := []variant{
-			{name: "InvalidExpandedCommand", variant: func(p *newDelegationParams) {
-				p.cmd = delegationtest.ExpandedCommand
-			}},
-			{name: "ValidAttenuatedCommand", variant: func(p *newDelegationParams) {
-				p.cmd = delegationtest.AttenuatedCommand
-			}},
-			{name: "InvalidSubject", variant: func(p *newDelegationParams) {
-				p.opts = append(p.opts, delegation.WithSubject(didtest.PersonaBob.DID()))
-			}},
-			{name: "InvalidExpired", variant: func(p *newDelegationParams) {
-				// Note: this makes the generator not deterministic
-				p.opts = append(p.opts, delegation.WithExpiration(time.Now().Add(time.Second)))
-			}},
-			{name: "InvalidInactive", variant: func(p *newDelegationParams) {
-				nbf, err := time.Parse(time.RFC3339, "2070-01-01T00:00:00Z")
-				if err != nil {
-					panic(err)
-				}
-				p.opts = append(p.opts, delegation.WithNotBefore(nbf))
-			}},
-		}
-
-		// Start a branch in the recursion for each of the variants
-		for _, v := range variants {
-			id, err := g.createDelegation(params, name, v)
-			if err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-
-			// replace the previous Carol token id with the one from the variant
-			acc.chain[len(acc.chain)-1] = id
-			err = g.chainPersonas(personas[1:], acc, v)
-			if err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (g *generator) createDelegation(params newDelegationParams, name string, vari variant) (cid.Cid, error) {
-	vari.variant(&params)
-
-	issDID, err := did.FromPrivKey(params.privKey)
-	if err != nil {
-		return cid.Undef, err
-	}
-
-	tkn, err := delegation.New(issDID, params.aud, params.cmd, params.pol, params.opts...)
-	if err != nil {
-		return cid.Undef, err
-	}
-
-	data, id, err := tkn.ToSealed(params.privKey)
-	if err != nil {
-		return cid.Undef, err
-	}
-
-	dlgName := tokenNamePrefix + name
-	if len(vari.name) > 0 {
-		dlgName += "_" + vari.name
-	}
-
-	err = os.WriteFile(filepath.Join("..", delegationtest.TokenDir, dlgName+tokenExt), data, 0o644)
-	if err != nil {
-		return cid.Undef, err
-	}
-
-	g.dlgs = append(g.dlgs, token{
-		name: dlgName,
-		id:   id,
-	})
-
-	return id, nil
-}
-
-func (g *generator) createProofChain(name string, prf []cid.Cid) {
-	if len(prf) < 1 {
-		return
-	}
-
-	clone := make([]cid.Cid, len(prf))
-	copy(clone, prf)
-
-	g.chains = append(g.chains, proof{
-		name: proorChainNamePrefix + name,
-		prf:  clone,
-	})
-}
-
-func (g *generator) writeGoFile() error {
-	file := jen.NewFile("delegationtest")
-	file.HeaderComment("Code generated by delegationtest - DO NOT EDIT.")
-
-	refs := map[cid.Cid]string{}
-
-	for _, d := range g.dlgs {
-		refs[d.id] = d.name + "CID"
-
-		file.Var().Defs(
-			jen.Id(d.name+"CID").Op("=").Qual("github.com/ipfs/go-cid", "MustParse").Call(jen.Lit(d.id.String())),
-			jen.Id(d.name).Op("=").Id("mustGetDelegation").Call(jen.Id(d.name+"CID")),
-		)
-		file.Line()
-	}
-
-	for _, c := range g.chains {
-		g := jen.CustomFunc(jen.Options{
-			Multi:     true,
-			Separator: ",",
-			Close:     "\n",
-		}, func(g *jen.Group) {
-			slices.Reverse(c.prf)
-			for _, p := range c.prf {
-				g.Id(refs[p])
-			}
-		})
-
-		file.Var().Id(c.name).Op("=").Index().Qual("github.com/ipfs/go-cid", "Cid").Values(g)
-		file.Line()
-	}
-
-	return file.Save("../token_gen.go")
-}
--- a/token/delegation/delegationtest/generator/main.go
+++ b/token/delegation/delegationtest/generator/main.go
@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-package main
-
-import (
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/did/didtest"
-)
-
-func main() {
-	gen := &generator{}
-	err := gen.chainPersonas(didtest.Personas(), acc{}, noopVariant())
-	if err != nil {
-		panic(err)
-	}
-	err = gen.writeGoFile()
-	if err != nil {
-		panic(err)
-	}
-}
--- a/token/delegation/delegationtest/token.go
+++ b/token/delegation/delegationtest/token.go
@@ -1,112 +0,0 @@
-package delegationtest
-
-import (
-	"embed"
-	"path/filepath"
-	"sync"
-
-	"github.com/ipfs/go-cid"
-
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/pkg/command"
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/token/delegation"
-)
-
-var (
-	// ExpandedCommand is the parent of the NominalCommand and represents
-	// the cases where the delegation proof-chain or invocation token tries
-	// to increase the privileges granted by the root delegation token.
-	// Execution of this command is generally prohibited in tests.
-	ExpandedCommand = command.MustParse("/expanded")
-
-	// NominalCommand is the command used for most test tokens and proof-
-	// chains.  Execution of this command is generally allowed in tests.
-	NominalCommand = ExpandedCommand.Join("nominal")
-
-	// AttenuatedCommand is a sub-command of the NominalCommand.  Execution
-	// of this command is generally allowed in tests.
-	AttenuatedCommand = NominalCommand.Join("attenuated")
-)
-
-// ProofEmpty provides an empty proof chain for testing purposes.
-var ProofEmpty = []cid.Cid{}
-
-const TokenDir = "data"
-
-//go:embed data
-var fs embed.FS
-
-var _ delegation.Loader = (*delegationLoader)(nil)
-
-type delegationLoader struct {
-	tokens map[cid.Cid]*delegation.Token
-}
-
-var (
-	once sync.Once
-	ldr  delegation.Loader
-)
-
-// GetDelegationLoader returns a singleton instance of a test
-// DelegationLoader containing all the tokens present in the data/
-// directory.
-func GetDelegationLoader() delegation.Loader {
-	once.Do(func() {
-		var err error
-		ldr, err = loadDelegations()
-		if err != nil {
-			panic(err)
-		}
-	})
-	return ldr
-}
-
-// GetDelegation implements invocation.DelegationLoader.
-func (l *delegationLoader) GetDelegation(id cid.Cid) (*delegation.Token, error) {
-	tkn, ok := l.tokens[id]
-	if !ok {
-		return nil, delegation.ErrDelegationNotFound
-	}
-
-	return tkn, nil
-}
-
-func loadDelegations() (delegation.Loader, error) {
-	dirEntries, err := fs.ReadDir(TokenDir)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	tkns := make(map[cid.Cid]*delegation.Token, len(dirEntries))
-
-	for _, dirEntry := range dirEntries {
-		data, err := fs.ReadFile(filepath.Join(TokenDir, dirEntry.Name()))
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-
-		tkn, id, err := delegation.FromSealed(data)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-
-		tkns[id] = tkn
-	}
-
-	return &delegationLoader{
-		tokens: tkns,
-	}, nil
-}
-
-// GetDelegation is a shortcut that gets (or creates) the DelegationLoader
-// and attempts to return the token referenced by the provided CID.
-func GetDelegation(id cid.Cid) (*delegation.Token, error) {
-	return GetDelegationLoader().GetDelegation(id)
-}
-
-func mustGetDelegation(id cid.Cid) *delegation.Token {
-	tkn, err := GetDelegation(id)
-	if err != nil {
-		panic(err)
-	}
-	return tkn
-}
--- a/token/delegation/delegationtest/token_gen.go
+++ b/token/delegation/delegationtest/token_gen.go
@@ -1,240 +0,0 @@
-// Code generated by delegationtest - DO NOT EDIT.
-
-package delegationtest
-
-import gocid "github.com/ipfs/go-cid"
-
-var (
-	TokenAliceBobCID = gocid.MustParse("bafyreicidrwvmac5lvjypucgityrtjsknojraio7ujjli4r5eyby66wjzm")
-	TokenAliceBob    = mustGetDelegation(TokenAliceBobCID)
-)
-
-var (
-	TokenBobCarolCID = gocid.MustParse("bafyreihxv2uhq43oxllzs2xfvxst7wtvvvl7pohb2chcz6hjvfv2ntea5u")
-	TokenBobCarol    = mustGetDelegation(TokenBobCarolCID)
-)
-
-var (
-	TokenCarolDanCID = gocid.MustParse("bafyreihclsgiroazq3heqdswvj2cafwqbpboicq7immo65scl7ahktpsdq")
-	TokenCarolDan    = mustGetDelegation(TokenCarolDanCID)
-)
-
-var (
-	TokenDanErinCID = gocid.MustParse("bafyreicja6ihewy64p3ake56xukotafjlkh4uqep2qhj52en46zzfwby3e")
-	TokenDanErin    = mustGetDelegation(TokenDanErinCID)
-)
-
-var (
-	TokenErinFrankCID = gocid.MustParse("bafyreicjlx3lobxm6hl5s4htd4ydwkkqeiou6rft4rnvulfdyoew565vka")
-	TokenErinFrank    = mustGetDelegation(TokenErinFrankCID)
-)
-
-var (
-	TokenCarolDan_InvalidExpandedCommandCID = gocid.MustParse("bafyreid3m3pk53gqgp5rlzqhvpedbwsqbidqlp4yz64vknwbzj7bxrmsr4")
-	TokenCarolDan_InvalidExpandedCommand    = mustGetDelegation(TokenCarolDan_InvalidExpandedCommandCID)
-)
-
-var (
-	TokenDanErin_InvalidExpandedCommandCID = gocid.MustParse("bafyreifn4sy5onwajx3kqvot5mib6m6xarzrqjozqbzgmzpmc5ox3g2uzm")
-	TokenDanErin_InvalidExpandedCommand    = mustGetDelegation(TokenDanErin_InvalidExpandedCommandCID)
-)
-
-var (
-	TokenErinFrank_InvalidExpandedCommandCID = gocid.MustParse("bafyreidmpgd36jznmq42bs34o4qi3fcbrsh4idkg6ejahudejzwb76fwxe")
-	TokenErinFrank_InvalidExpandedCommand    = mustGetDelegation(TokenErinFrank_InvalidExpandedCommandCID)
-)
-
-var (
-	TokenCarolDan_ValidAttenuatedCommandCID = gocid.MustParse("bafyreiekhtm237vyapk3c6voeb5lnz54crebqdqi3x4wn4u4cbrrhzsqfe")
-	TokenCarolDan_ValidAttenuatedCommand    = mustGetDelegation(TokenCarolDan_ValidAttenuatedCommandCID)
-)
-
-var (
-	TokenDanErin_ValidAttenuatedCommandCID = gocid.MustParse("bafyreicrvzqferyy7rgo75l5rn6r2nl7zyeexxjmu3dm4ff7rn2coblj4y")
-	TokenDanErin_ValidAttenuatedCommand    = mustGetDelegation(TokenDanErin_ValidAttenuatedCommandCID)
-)
-
-var (
-	TokenErinFrank_ValidAttenuatedCommandCID = gocid.MustParse("bafyreie6fhspk53kplcc2phla3e7z7fzldlbmmpuwk6nbow5q6s2zjmw2q")
-	TokenErinFrank_ValidAttenuatedCommand    = mustGetDelegation(TokenErinFrank_ValidAttenuatedCommandCID)
-)
-
-var (
-	TokenCarolDan_InvalidSubjectCID = gocid.MustParse("bafyreifgksz6756if42tnc6rqsnbaa2u3fdrveo7ek44lnj2d64d5sw26u")
-	TokenCarolDan_InvalidSubject    = mustGetDelegation(TokenCarolDan_InvalidSubjectCID)
-)
-
-var (
-	TokenDanErin_InvalidSubjectCID = gocid.MustParse("bafyreibdwew5nypsxrm4fq73wu6hw3lgwwiolj3bi33xdrbgcf3ogm6fty")
-	TokenDanErin_InvalidSubject    = mustGetDelegation(TokenDanErin_InvalidSubjectCID)
-)
-
-var (
-	TokenErinFrank_InvalidSubjectCID = gocid.MustParse("bafyreicr364mj3n7x4iyhcksxypelktcqkkw3ptg7ggxtqegw3p3mr6zc4")
-	TokenErinFrank_InvalidSubject    = mustGetDelegation(TokenErinFrank_InvalidSubjectCID)
-)
-
-var (
-	TokenCarolDan_InvalidExpiredCID = gocid.MustParse("bafyreigenypixaxvhzlry5rjnywvjyl4xvzlzxz2ui74uzys7qdhos4bbu")
-	TokenCarolDan_InvalidExpired    = mustGetDelegation(TokenCarolDan_InvalidExpiredCID)
-)
-
-var (
-	TokenDanErin_InvalidExpiredCID = gocid.MustParse("bafyreifvnfb7zqocpdysedcvjkb4y7tqfuziuqjhbbdoay4zg33pwpbzqi")
-	TokenDanErin_InvalidExpired    = mustGetDelegation(TokenDanErin_InvalidExpiredCID)
-)
-
-var (
-	TokenErinFrank_InvalidExpiredCID = gocid.MustParse("bafyreicvydzt3obkqx7krmoi3zu4tlirlksibxfks5jc7vlvjxjamv2764")
-	TokenErinFrank_InvalidExpired    = mustGetDelegation(TokenErinFrank_InvalidExpiredCID)
-)
-
-var (
-	TokenCarolDan_InvalidInactiveCID = gocid.MustParse("bafyreicea5y2nvlitvxijkupeavtg23i7ktjk3uejnaquguurzptiabk4u")
-	TokenCarolDan_InvalidInactive    = mustGetDelegation(TokenCarolDan_InvalidInactiveCID)
-)
-
-var (
-	TokenDanErin_InvalidInactiveCID = gocid.MustParse("bafyreifsgqzkmxj2vexuts3z766mwcjreiisjg2jykyzf7tbj5sclutpvq")
-	TokenDanErin_InvalidInactive    = mustGetDelegation(TokenDanErin_InvalidInactiveCID)
-)
-
-var (
-	TokenErinFrank_InvalidInactiveCID = gocid.MustParse("bafyreifbfegon24c6dndiqyktahzs65vhyasrygbw7nhsvojn6distsdre")
-	TokenErinFrank_InvalidInactive    = mustGetDelegation(TokenErinFrank_InvalidInactiveCID)
-)
-
-var ProofAliceBob = []gocid.Cid{
-	TokenAliceBobCID,
-}
-
-var ProofAliceBobCarol = []gocid.Cid{
-	TokenBobCarolCID,
-	TokenAliceBobCID,
-}
-
-var ProofAliceBobCarolDan = []gocid.Cid{
-	TokenCarolDanCID,
-	TokenBobCarolCID,
-	TokenAliceBobCID,
-}
-
-var ProofAliceBobCarolDanErin = []gocid.Cid{
-	TokenDanErinCID,
-	TokenCarolDanCID,
-	TokenBobCarolCID,
-	TokenAliceBobCID,
-}
-
-var ProofAliceBobCarolDanErinFrank = []gocid.Cid{
-	TokenErinFrankCID,
-	TokenDanErinCID,
-	TokenCarolDanCID,
-	TokenBobCarolCID,
-	TokenAliceBobCID,
-}
-
-var ProofAliceBobCarolDan_InvalidExpandedCommand = []gocid.Cid{
-	TokenCarolDan_InvalidExpandedCommandCID,
-	TokenBobCarolCID,
-	TokenAliceBobCID,
-}
-
-var ProofAliceBobCarolDanErin_InvalidExpandedCommand = []gocid.Cid{
-	TokenDanErin_InvalidExpandedCommandCID,
-	TokenCarolDan_InvalidExpandedCommandCID,
-	TokenBobCarolCID,
-	TokenAliceBobCID,
-}
-
-var ProofAliceBobCarolDanErinFrank_InvalidExpandedCommand = []gocid.Cid{
-	TokenErinFrank_InvalidExpandedCommandCID,
-	TokenDanErin_InvalidExpandedCommandCID,
-	TokenCarolDan_InvalidExpandedCommandCID,
-	TokenBobCarolCID,
-	TokenAliceBobCID,
-}
-
-var ProofAliceBobCarolDan_ValidAttenuatedCommand = []gocid.Cid{
-	TokenCarolDan_ValidAttenuatedCommandCID,
-	TokenBobCarolCID,
-	TokenAliceBobCID,
-}
-
-var ProofAliceBobCarolDanErin_ValidAttenuatedCommand = []gocid.Cid{
-	TokenDanErin_ValidAttenuatedCommandCID,
-	TokenCarolDan_ValidAttenuatedCommandCID,
-	TokenBobCarolCID,
-	TokenAliceBobCID,
-}
-
-var ProofAliceBobCarolDanErinFrank_ValidAttenuatedCommand = []gocid.Cid{
-	TokenErinFrank_ValidAttenuatedCommandCID,
-	TokenDanErin_ValidAttenuatedCommandCID,
-	TokenCarolDan_ValidAttenuatedCommandCID,
-	TokenBobCarolCID,
-	TokenAliceBobCID,
-}
-
-var ProofAliceBobCarolDan_InvalidSubject = []gocid.Cid{
-	TokenCarolDan_InvalidSubjectCID,
-	TokenBobCarolCID,
-	TokenAliceBobCID,
-}
-
-var ProofAliceBobCarolDanErin_InvalidSubject = []gocid.Cid{
-	TokenDanErin_InvalidSubjectCID,
-	TokenCarolDan_InvalidSubjectCID,
-	TokenBobCarolCID,
-	TokenAliceBobCID,
-}
-
-var ProofAliceBobCarolDanErinFrank_InvalidSubject = []gocid.Cid{
-	TokenErinFrank_InvalidSubjectCID,
-	TokenDanErin_InvalidSubjectCID,
-	TokenCarolDan_InvalidSubjectCID,
-	TokenBobCarolCID,
-	TokenAliceBobCID,
-}
-
-var ProofAliceBobCarolDan_InvalidExpired = []gocid.Cid{
-	TokenCarolDan_InvalidExpiredCID,
-	TokenBobCarolCID,
-	TokenAliceBobCID,
-}
-
-var ProofAliceBobCarolDanErin_InvalidExpired = []gocid.Cid{
-	TokenDanErin_InvalidExpiredCID,
-	TokenCarolDan_InvalidExpiredCID,
-	TokenBobCarolCID,
-	TokenAliceBobCID,
-}
-
-var ProofAliceBobCarolDanErinFrank_InvalidExpired = []gocid.Cid{
-	TokenErinFrank_InvalidExpiredCID,
-	TokenDanErin_InvalidExpiredCID,
-	TokenCarolDan_InvalidExpiredCID,
-	TokenBobCarolCID,
-	TokenAliceBobCID,
-}
-
-var ProofAliceBobCarolDan_InvalidInactive = []gocid.Cid{
-	TokenCarolDan_InvalidInactiveCID,
-	TokenBobCarolCID,
-	TokenAliceBobCID,
-}
-
-var ProofAliceBobCarolDanErin_InvalidInactive = []gocid.Cid{
-	TokenDanErin_InvalidInactiveCID,
-	TokenCarolDan_InvalidInactiveCID,
-	TokenBobCarolCID,
-	TokenAliceBobCID,
-}
-
-var ProofAliceBobCarolDanErinFrank_InvalidInactive = []gocid.Cid{
-	TokenErinFrank_InvalidInactiveCID,
-	TokenDanErin_InvalidInactiveCID,
-	TokenCarolDan_InvalidInactiveCID,
-	TokenBobCarolCID,
-	TokenAliceBobCID,
-}
--- a/token/delegation/delegationtest/token_test.go
+++ b/token/delegation/delegationtest/token_test.go
@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-package delegationtest_test
-
-import (
-	"testing"
-
-	"github.com/ipfs/go-cid"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
-
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/token/delegation"
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/token/delegation/delegationtest"
-)
-
-func TestGetDelegation(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Run("passes with valid CID", func(t *testing.T) {
-		t.Parallel()
-
-		tkn, err := delegationtest.GetDelegation(delegationtest.TokenAliceBobCID)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		assert.NotZero(t, tkn)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("fails with unknown CID", func(t *testing.T) {
-		t.Parallel()
-
-		tkn, err := delegationtest.GetDelegation(cid.Undef)
-		require.ErrorIs(t, err, delegation.ErrDelegationNotFound)
-		assert.Nil(t, tkn)
-	})
-}
--- a/token/delegation/examples_test.go
+++ b/token/delegation/examples_test.go
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package delegation_test

 import (
 	"bytes"
+	"crypto/rand"
 	"encoding/base64"
 	"encoding/hex"
 	"encoding/json"
@@ -12,8 +13,9 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime"
 	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/codec/dagcbor"
 	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/codec/dagjson"
+	"github.com/libp2p/go-libp2p/core/crypto"

-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/did/didtest"
+	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/did"
 	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/pkg/command"
 	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/pkg/policy"
 	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/pkg/policy/literal"
@@ -24,7 +26,15 @@ import (
 // The following example shows how to create a delegation.Token with
 // distinct DIDs for issuer (iss), audience (aud) and subject (sub).
 func ExampleNew() {
-	fmt.Println("issDid:", didtest.PersonaBob.DID().String())
+	issPriv, issPub, err := crypto.GenerateEd25519Key(rand.Reader)
+	printThenPanicOnErr(err)
+
+	issDid, err := did.FromPubKey(issPub)
+	printThenPanicOnErr(err)
+	fmt.Println("issDid:", issDid)
+
+	audDid := did.MustParse(AudienceDID)
+	subDid := did.MustParse(subjectDID)

 	// The command defines the shape of the arguments that will be evaluated against the policy
 	cmd := command.MustParse("/foo/bar")
@@ -41,8 +51,8 @@ func ExampleNew() {
 		)),
 	)

-	tkn, err := delegation.New(didtest.PersonaBob.DID(), didtest.PersonaCarol.DID(), cmd, pol,
-		delegation.WithSubject(didtest.PersonaAlice.DID()),
+	tkn, err := delegation.New(issPriv, audDid, cmd, pol,
+		delegation.WithSubject(subDid),
 		delegation.WithExpirationIn(time.Hour),
 		delegation.WithNotBeforeIn(time.Minute),
 		delegation.WithMeta("foo", "bar"),
@@ -51,91 +61,101 @@ func ExampleNew() {
 	printThenPanicOnErr(err)

 	// "Seal", meaning encode and wrap into a signed envelope.
-	data, id, err := tkn.ToSealed(didtest.PersonaBob.PrivKey())
+	data, id, err := tkn.ToSealed(issPriv)
 	printThenPanicOnErr(err)

 	printCIDAndSealed(id, data)

 	// Example output:
 	//
-	// issDid: did:key:z6MkvJPmEZZYbgiw1ouT1oouTsTFBHJSts9ophVsNgcRmYxU
+	// issDid: did:key:z6MkhVFznPeR572rTK51UjoTNpnF8cxuWfPm9oBMPr7y8ABe
 	//
-	// CID (base58BTC): zdpuAsqfZkgg2jgZyob23sq1J9xwtf9PHgt1PsskVCMq7Vvxk
+	// CID (base58BTC): zdpuAv6g2eJSc4RJwEpmooGLVK4wJ4CZpnM92tPVYt5jtMoLW
+	//
+	// DAG-CBOR (base64) out: 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
 	//
-	// DAG-CBOR (base64) out: 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
 	// Converted to DAG-JSON out:
-	//	[
-	//		{
+	// [
+	//	{
+	//		"/": {
+	//			"bytes": "5rvl8uKmDVGvAVSt4m/0MGiXl9dZwljJJ9m2qHCoIB617l26UvMxyH5uvN9hM7ozfVATiq4mLhoGgm9IGnEEAg"
+	//		}
+	//	},
+	//	{
+	//		"h": {
 	//			"/": {
-	//				"bytes": "5rvl8uKmDVGvAVSt4m/0MGiXl9dZwljJJ9m2qHCoIB617l26UvMxyH5uvN9hM7ozfVATiq4mLhoGgm9IGnEEAg"
+	//				"bytes": "NO0BcQ"
 	//			}
 	//		},
-	//		{
-	//			"h": {
+	//		"ucan/dlg@1.0.0-rc.1": {
+	//			"aud": "did:key:z6Mkq5YmbJcTrPExNDi26imrTCpKhepjBFBSHqrBDN2ArPkv",
+	//			"cmd": "/foo/bar",
+	//			"exp": 1728933098,
+	//			"iss": "did:key:z6MkhVFznPeR572rTK51UjoTNpnF8cxuWfPm9oBMPr7y8ABe",
+	//			"meta": {
+	//				"baz": 123,
+	//				"foo": "bar"
+	//			},
+	//			"nbf": 1728929558,
+	//			"nonce": {
 	//				"/": {
-	//					"bytes": "NO0BcQ"
+	//					"bytes": "u0HMgJ5Y+M84I/66"
 	//				}
 	//			},
-	//			"ucan/dlg@1.0.0-rc.1": {
-	//				"aud": "did:key:z6Mkq5YmbJcTrPExNDi26imrTCpKhepjBFBSHqrBDN2ArPkv",
-	//				"cmd": "/foo/bar",
-	//				"exp": 1728933098,
-	//				"iss": "did:key:z6MkhVFznPeR572rTK51UjoTNpnF8cxuWfPm9oBMPr7y8ABe",
-	//				"meta": {
-	//					"baz": 123,
-	//					"foo": "bar"
-	//				},
-	//				"nbf": 1728929558,
-	//				"nonce": {
-	//					"/": {
-	//						"bytes": "u0HMgJ5Y+M84I/66"
-	//					}
-	//				},
-	//				"pol": [
+	//			"pol": [
+	//				[
+	//					"==",
+	//					".status",
+	//					"draft"
+	//				],
+	//				[
+	//					"all",
+	//					".reviewer",
 	//					[
-	//						"==",
-	//						".status",
-	//						"draft"
-	//					],
+	//						"like",
+	//						".email",
+	//						"*@example.com"
+	//					]
+	//				],
+	//				[
+	//					"any",
+	//					".tags",
 	//					[
-	//						"all",
-	//						".reviewer",
+	//						"or",
 	//						[
-	//							"like",
-	//							".email",
-	//							"*@example.com"
-	//						]
-	//					],
-	//					[
-	//						"any",
-	//						".tags",
-	//						[
-	//							"or",
 	//							[
-	//								[
-	//									"==",
-	//									".",
-	//									"news"
-	//								],
-	//								[
-	//									"==",
-	//									".",
-	//									"press"
-	//								]
+	//								"==",
+	//								".",
+	//								"news"
+	//							],
+	//							[
+	//								"==",
+	//								".",
+	//								"press"
 	//							]
 	//						]
 	//					]
-	//				],
-	//				"sub": "did:key:z6MktA1uBdCpq4uJBqE9jjMiLyxZBg9a6xgPPKJjMqss6Zc2"
-	//			}
+	//				]
+	//			],
+	//			"sub": "did:key:z6MktA1uBdCpq4uJBqE9jjMiLyxZBg9a6xgPPKJjMqss6Zc2"
 	//		}
-	//	]
+	//	}
+	// ]
 }

 // The following example shows how to create a UCAN root delegation.Token
 // - a delegation.Token with the subject (sub) set to the value of issuer
 // (iss).
 func ExampleRoot() {
+	issPriv, issPub, err := crypto.GenerateEd25519Key(rand.Reader)
+	printThenPanicOnErr(err)
+
+	issDid, err := did.FromPubKey(issPub)
+	printThenPanicOnErr(err)
+	fmt.Println("issDid:", issDid)
+
+	audDid := did.MustParse(AudienceDID)
+
 	// The command defines the shape of the arguments that will be evaluated against the policy
 	cmd := command.MustParse("/foo/bar")

@@ -151,7 +171,7 @@ func ExampleRoot() {
 		)),
 	)

-	tkn, err := delegation.Root(didtest.PersonaAlice.DID(), didtest.PersonaBob.DID(), cmd, pol,
+	tkn, err := delegation.Root(issPriv, audDid, cmd, pol,
 		delegation.WithExpirationIn(time.Hour),
 		delegation.WithNotBeforeIn(time.Minute),
 		delegation.WithMeta("foo", "bar"),
@@ -160,7 +180,7 @@ func ExampleRoot() {
 	printThenPanicOnErr(err)

 	// "Seal", meaning encode and wrap into a signed envelope.
-	data, id, err := tkn.ToSealed(didtest.PersonaAlice.PrivKey())
+	data, id, err := tkn.ToSealed(issPriv)
 	printThenPanicOnErr(err)

 	printCIDAndSealed(id, data)
@@ -169,82 +189,82 @@ func ExampleRoot() {
 	//
 	// issDid: did:key:z6MknWJqz17Y4AfsXSJUFKomuBR4GTkViM7kJYutzTMkCyFF
 	//
-	// CID (base58BTC): zdpuAkwYz8nY7uU8j3F6wVTfFY1VEoExwvUAYBEwRWfTozddE
+	// CID (base58BTC): zdpuAwLojgfvFCbjz2FsKrvN1khDQ9mFGT6b6pxjMfz73Roed
 	//
-	// DAG-CBOR (base64) out: 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
+	// DAG-CBOR (base64) out: 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
 	//
 	// Converted to DAG-JSON out:
-	//	[
-	//		{
+	// [
+	//	{
+	//		"/": {
+	//			"bytes": "6dBhbhhGE36CW22OxjOEIAqdDmBqCNsAhCRljnBdXd7YrVOUG+bnXGCIwd4dTGgpEdmY06PFIl7IXKXCh/ESBg"
+	//		}
+	//	},
+	//	{
+	//		"h": {
 	//			"/": {
-	//				"bytes": "VpW67FJ+myNi+azvnw2jivuiqXTuMrDZI2Qdaa8jE1Oi3mkjnm7DyqSQGADcomcuDslMWKmJ+OIyvbPG5PtSAw"
+	//				"bytes": "NO0BcQ"
 	//			}
 	//		},
-	//		{
-	//			"h": {
+	//		"ucan/dlg@1.0.0-rc.1": {
+	//			"aud": "did:key:z6Mkq5YmbJcTrPExNDi26imrTCpKhepjBFBSHqrBDN2ArPkv",
+	//			"cmd": "/foo/bar",
+	//			"exp": 1728933168,
+	//			"iss": "did:key:z6MknWJqz17Y4AfsXSJUFKomuBR4GTkViM7kJYutzTMkCyFF",
+	//			"meta": {
+	//				"baz": 123,
+	//				"foo": "bar"
+	//			},
+	//			"nbf": 1728929628,
+	//			"nonce": {
 	//				"/": {
-	//					"bytes": "NO0BcQ"
+	//					"bytes": "JOsjYi1Pq3OIB0La"
 	//				}
 	//			},
-	//			"ucan/dlg@1.0.0-rc.1": {
-	//				"aud": "did:key:z6MkvJPmEZZYbgiw1ouT1oouTsTFBHJSts9ophVsNgcRmYxU",
-	//				"cmd": "/foo/bar",
-	//				"exp": 1732568424,
-	//				"iss": "did:key:z6Mkuukk2skDXLQn7NK3Eh9jMndYfvDBxxktgpidJAqb7M3p",
-	//				"meta": {
-	//					"baz": 123,
-	//					"foo": "bar"
-	//				},
-	//				"nbf": 1732564884,
-	//				"nonce": {
-	//					"/": {
-	//						"bytes": "wzDc03WBciJIGPWG"
-	//					}
-	//				},
-	//				"pol": [
+	//			"pol": [
+	//				[
+	//					"==",
+	//					".status",
+	//					"draft"
+	//				],
+	//				[
+	//					"all",
+	//					".reviewer",
 	//					[
-	//						"==",
-	//						".status",
-	//						"draft"
-	//					],
+	//						"like",
+	//						".email",
+	//						"*@example.com"
+	//					]
+	//				],
+	//				[
+	//					"any",
+	//					".tags",
 	//					[
-	//						"all",
-	//						".reviewer",
+	//						"or",
 	//						[
-	//							"like",
-	//							".email",
-	//							"*@example.com"
-	//						]
-	//					],
-	//					[
-	//						"any",
-	//						".tags",
-	//						[
-	//							"or",
 	//							[
-	//								[
-	//									"==",
-	//									".",
-	//									"news"
-	//								],
-	//								[
-	//									"==",
-	//									".",
-	//									"press"
-	//								]
+	//								"==",
+	//								".",
+	//								"news"
+	//							],
+	//							[
+	//								"==",
+	//								".",
+	//								"press"
 	//							]
 	//						]
 	//					]
-	//				],
-	//				"sub": "did:key:z6Mkuukk2skDXLQn7NK3Eh9jMndYfvDBxxktgpidJAqb7M3p"
-	//			}
+	//				]
+	//			],
+	//			"sub": "did:key:z6MknWJqz17Y4AfsXSJUFKomuBR4GTkViM7kJYutzTMkCyFF"
 	//		}
-	//	]
+	//	}
+	// ]
 }

 // The following example demonstrates how to get a delegation.Token from
 // a DAG-CBOR []byte.
-func ExampleFromSealed() {
+func ExampleToken_FromSealed() {
 	const cborBase64 = "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"

 	cborBytes, err := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(cborBase64)
--- a/token/delegation/ipld.go
+++ b/token/delegation/ipld.go
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 package delegation

 import (
-	"fmt"
 	"io"

 	"github.com/ipfs/go-cid"
@@ -194,16 +193,8 @@ func FromIPLD(node datamodel.Node) (*Token, error) {
 }

 func (t *Token) toIPLD(privKey crypto.PrivKey) (datamodel.Node, error) {
-	// sanity check that privKey and issuer are matching
-	issPub, err := t.issuer.PubKey()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	if !issPub.Equals(privKey.GetPublic()) {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("private key doesn't match the issuer")
-	}
-
 	var sub *string
+
 	if t.subject != did.Undef {
 		s := t.subject.String()
 		sub = &s
@@ -233,15 +224,10 @@ func (t *Token) toIPLD(privKey crypto.PrivKey) (datamodel.Node, error) {
 		Cmd:   t.command.String(),
 		Pol:   pol,
 		Nonce: t.nonce,
-		Meta:  t.meta,
+		Meta:  *t.meta,
 		Nbf:   nbf,
 		Exp:   exp,
 	}

-	// seems like it's a requirement to have a null meta if there are no values?
-	if len(model.Meta.Keys) == 0 {
-		model.Meta = nil
-	}
-
 	return envelope.ToIPLD(privKey, model)
 }
--- a/token/delegation/loader.go
+++ b/token/delegation/loader.go
@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-package delegation
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-
-	"github.com/ipfs/go-cid"
-)
-
-// ErrDelegationNotFound is returned if a delegation token is not found
-var ErrDelegationNotFound = fmt.Errorf("delegation not found")
-
-// Loader is a delegation token loader.
-type Loader interface {
-	// GetDelegation returns the delegation.Token matching the given CID.
-	// If not found, ErrDelegationNotFound is returned.
-	GetDelegation(cid cid.Cid) (*Token, error)
-}
--- a/token/delegation/options.go
+++ b/token/delegation/options.go
@@ -44,22 +44,6 @@ func WithMeta(key string, val any) Option {
 	}
 }

-// WithEncryptedMetaString adds a key/value pair in the "meta" field.
-// The string value is encrypted with the given aesKey.
-func WithEncryptedMetaString(key, val string, encryptionKey []byte) Option {
-	return func(t *Token) error {
-		return t.meta.AddEncrypted(key, val, encryptionKey)
-	}
-}
-
-// WithEncryptedMetaBytes adds a key/value pair in the "meta" field.
-// The []byte value is encrypted with the given aesKey.
-func WithEncryptedMetaBytes(key string, val, encryptionKey []byte) Option {
-	return func(t *Token) error {
-		return t.meta.AddEncrypted(key, val, encryptionKey)
-	}
-}
-
 // WithNotBefore set's the Token's optional "notBefore" field to the value
 // of the provided time.Time.
 func WithNotBefore(nbf time.Time) Option {
--- a/token/delegation/schema.go
+++ b/token/delegation/schema.go
@@ -26,17 +26,17 @@ const Tag = "ucan/dlg@1.0.0-rc.1"
 var schemaBytes []byte

 var (
-	once      sync.Once
-	ts        *schema.TypeSystem
-	errSchema error
+	once sync.Once
+	ts   *schema.TypeSystem
+	err  error
 )

 func mustLoadSchema() *schema.TypeSystem {
 	once.Do(func() {
-		ts, errSchema = ipld.LoadSchemaBytes(schemaBytes)
+		ts, err = ipld.LoadSchemaBytes(schemaBytes)
 	})
-	if errSchema != nil {
-		panic(fmt.Errorf("failed to load IPLD schema: %s", errSchema))
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(fmt.Errorf("failed to load IPLD schema: %s", err))
 	}
 	return ts
 }
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ type tokenPayloadModel struct {
 	Nonce []byte

 	// Arbitrary Metadata
-	Meta *meta.Meta
+	Meta meta.Meta

 	// "Not before" UTC Unix Timestamp in seconds (valid from), 53-bits integer
 	// optional: can be nil
--- a/token/delegation/schema_test.go
+++ b/token/delegation/schema_test.go
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package delegation_test
 import (
 	"bytes"
 	_ "embed"
+	"fmt"
 	"testing"

 	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime"
@@ -10,7 +11,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 	"gotest.tools/v3/golden"

-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/did/didtest"
 	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/token/delegation"
 	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/token/internal/envelope"
 )
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ func TestSchemaRoundTrip(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()

 	delegationJson := golden.Get(t, "new.dagjson")
-	privKey := didtest.PersonaAlice.PrivKey()
+	privKey := privKey(t, issuerPrivKeyCfg)

 	t.Run("via buffers", func(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Parallel()
@@ -36,13 +36,18 @@ func TestSchemaRoundTrip(t *testing.T) {
 		cborBytes, id, err := p1.ToSealed(privKey)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 		assert.Equal(t, newCID, envelope.CIDToBase58BTC(id))
+		fmt.Println("cborBytes length", len(cborBytes))
+		fmt.Println("cbor", string(cborBytes))

 		p2, c2, err := delegation.FromSealed(cborBytes)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 		assert.Equal(t, id, c2)
+		fmt.Println("read Cbor", p2)

 		readJson, err := p2.ToDagJson(privKey)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
+		fmt.Println("readJson length", len(readJson))
+		fmt.Println("json: ", string(readJson))

 		assert.JSONEq(t, string(delegationJson), string(readJson))
 	})
@@ -60,6 +65,7 @@ func TestSchemaRoundTrip(t *testing.T) {

 		cborBytes := &bytes.Buffer{}
 		id, err := p1.ToSealedWriter(cborBytes, privKey)
+		t.Log(len(id.Bytes()), id.Bytes())
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 		assert.Equal(t, newCID, envelope.CIDToBase58BTC(id))

@@ -73,16 +79,6 @@ func TestSchemaRoundTrip(t *testing.T) {

 		assert.JSONEq(t, string(delegationJson), readJson.String())
 	})
-
-	t.Run("fails with wrong PrivKey", func(t *testing.T) {
-		t.Parallel()
-
-		p1, err := delegation.FromDagJson(delegationJson)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-
-		_, _, err = p1.ToSealed(didtest.PersonaBob.PrivKey())
-		require.EqualError(t, err, "private key doesn't match the issuer")
-	})
 }

 func BenchmarkSchemaLoad(b *testing.B) {
@@ -94,7 +90,7 @@ func BenchmarkSchemaLoad(b *testing.B) {

 func BenchmarkRoundTrip(b *testing.B) {
 	delegationJson := golden.Get(b, "new.dagjson")
-	privKey := didtest.PersonaAlice.PrivKey()
+	privKey := privKey(b, issuerPrivKeyCfg)

 	b.Run("via buffers", func(b *testing.B) {
 		p1, _ := delegation.FromDagJson(delegationJson)
--- a/token/delegation/testdata/new.dagjson
+++ b/token/delegation/testdata/new.dagjson
@@ -1 +1 @@
-[{"/":{"bytes":"BBabgnWqd+cjwG1td0w9BudNocmUwoR89RMZTqZHk3osCXEI/bOkko0zTvlusaE4EMBBeSzZDKzjvunLBfdiBg"}},{"h":{"/":{"bytes":"NO0BcQ"}},"ucan/dlg@1.0.0-rc.1":{"aud":"did:key:z6MkvJPmEZZYbgiw1ouT1oouTsTFBHJSts9ophVsNgcRmYxU","cmd":"/foo/bar","exp":7258118400,"iss":"did:key:z6Mkuukk2skDXLQn7NK3Eh9jMndYfvDBxxktgpidJAqb7M3p","meta":{"bar":"barr","foo":"fooo"},"nonce":{"/":{"bytes":"NnJvRGhHaTBraU5yaVFBejdKM2QrYk9lb0kvdGo4RU5pa21RTmJ0am5EMA"}},"pol":[["==",".status","draft"],["all",".reviewer",["like",".email","*@example.com"]],["any",".tags",["or",[["==",".","news"],["==",".","press"]]]]],"sub":"did:key:z6Mkuukk2skDXLQn7NK3Eh9jMndYfvDBxxktgpidJAqb7M3p"}}]
+[{"/":{"bytes":"FM6otj0r/noJWiGAC5WV86xAazxrF173IihuHJgEt35CtSzjeaelrR3UwaSr8xbE9sLpo5xJhUbo0QLI273hDA"}},{"h":{"/":{"bytes":"NO0BcQ"}},"ucan/dlg@1.0.0-rc.1":{"aud":"did:key:z6Mkq5YmbJcTrPExNDi26imrTCpKhepjBFBSHqrBDN2ArPkv","cmd":"/foo/bar","exp":7258118400,"iss":"did:key:z6Mkpzn2n3ZGT2VaqMGSQC3tzmzV4TS9S71iFsDXE1WnoNH2","meta":{"bar":"barr","foo":"fooo"},"nonce":{"/":{"bytes":"NnJvRGhHaTBraU5yaVFBejdKM2QrYk9lb0kvdGo4RU5pa21RTmJ0am5EMA"}},"pol":[["==",".status","draft"],["all",".reviewer",["like",".email","*@example.com"]],["any",".tags",["or",[["==",".","news"],["==",".","press"]]]]],"sub":"did:key:z6MktA1uBdCpq4uJBqE9jjMiLyxZBg9a6xgPPKJjMqss6Zc2"}}]
--- a/token/delegation/testdata/root.dagjson
+++ b/token/delegation/testdata/root.dagjson
@@ -1 +1 @@
-[{"/":{"bytes":"BBabgnWqd+cjwG1td0w9BudNocmUwoR89RMZTqZHk3osCXEI/bOkko0zTvlusaE4EMBBeSzZDKzjvunLBfdiBg"}},{"h":{"/":{"bytes":"NO0BcQ"}},"ucan/dlg@1.0.0-rc.1":{"aud":"did:key:z6MkvJPmEZZYbgiw1ouT1oouTsTFBHJSts9ophVsNgcRmYxU","cmd":"/foo/bar","exp":7258118400,"iss":"did:key:z6Mkuukk2skDXLQn7NK3Eh9jMndYfvDBxxktgpidJAqb7M3p","meta":{"bar":"barr","foo":"fooo"},"nonce":{"/":{"bytes":"NnJvRGhHaTBraU5yaVFBejdKM2QrYk9lb0kvdGo4RU5pa21RTmJ0am5EMA"}},"pol":[["==",".status","draft"],["all",".reviewer",["like",".email","*@example.com"]],["any",".tags",["or",[["==",".","news"],["==",".","press"]]]]],"sub":"did:key:z6Mkuukk2skDXLQn7NK3Eh9jMndYfvDBxxktgpidJAqb7M3p"}}]
+[{"/":{"bytes":"aYBq08tfm0zQZnPg/5tB9kM5mklRU9PPIkV7CK68jEgbd76JbCGuu75vfLyBu3WTqKzLSJ583pbwu668m/7MBQ"}},{"h":{"/":{"bytes":"NO0BcQ"}},"ucan/dlg@1.0.0-rc.1":{"aud":"did:key:z6Mkq5YmbJcTrPExNDi26imrTCpKhepjBFBSHqrBDN2ArPkv","cmd":"/foo/bar","exp":7258118400,"iss":"did:key:z6Mkpzn2n3ZGT2VaqMGSQC3tzmzV4TS9S71iFsDXE1WnoNH2","meta":{"bar":"barr","foo":"fooo"},"nonce":{"/":{"bytes":"NnJvRGhHaTBraU5yaVFBejdKM2QrYk9lb0kvdGo4RU5pa21RTmJ0am5EMA"}},"pol":[["==",".status","draft"],["all",".reviewer",["like",".email","*@example.com"]],["any",".tags",["or",[["==",".","news"],["==",".","press"]]]]],"sub":"did:key:z6Mkpzn2n3ZGT2VaqMGSQC3tzmzV4TS9S71iFsDXE1WnoNH2"}}]
--- a/token/interface.go
+++ b/token/interface.go
@@ -2,22 +2,22 @@ package token

 import (
 	"io"
-	"time"

 	"github.com/ipfs/go-cid"
 	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/codec"
 	"github.com/libp2p/go-libp2p/core/crypto"
+
+	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/did"
+	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/pkg/meta"
 )

 type Token interface {
 	Marshaller

-	// IsValidNow verifies that the token can be used at the current time, based on expiration or "not before" fields.
-	// This does NOT do any other kind of verifications.
-	IsValidNow() bool
-	// IsValidNow verifies that the token can be used at the given time, based on expiration or "not before" fields.
-	// This does NOT do any other kind of verifications.
-	IsValidAt(t time.Time) bool
+	// Issuer returns the did.DID representing the Token's issuer.
+	Issuer() did.DID
+	// Meta returns the Token's metadata.
+	Meta() *meta.Meta
 }

 type Marshaller interface {
--- a/token/internal/envelope/ipld.go
+++ b/token/internal/envelope/ipld.go
@@ -187,7 +187,6 @@ func FromIPLD[T Tokener](node datamodel.Node) (T, error) {
 		return zero, errors.New("the VarsigHeader key type doesn't match the issuer's key type")
 	}

-	// TODO: can we use the already serialized CBOR data here, instead of encoding again the payload?
 	data, err := ipld.Encode(info.sigPayloadNode, dagcbor.Encode)
 	if err != nil {
 		return zero, err
--- a/token/internal/nonce/nonce.go
+++ b/token/internal/nonce/nonce.go
@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-package nonce
-
-import "crypto/rand"
-
-// TODO: some crypto scheme require more, is that our case?
-//
-// The spec mention:
-// The REQUIRED nonce parameter nonce MAY be any value.
-// A randomly generated string is RECOMMENDED to provide a unique UCAN, though it MAY
-// also be a monotonically increasing count of the number of links in the hash chain.
-// This field helps prevent replay attacks and ensures a unique CID per delegation.
-// The iss, aud, and exp fields together will often ensure that UCANs are unique,
-// but adding the nonce ensures uniqueness.
-//
-// The recommended size of the nonce differs by key type. In many cases, a random
-// 12-byte nonce is sufficient. If uncertain, check the nonce in your DID's crypto suite.
-//
-// 12 bytes is 10^28, 16 bytes is 10^38. Both sounds like a lot of random to achieve
-// those goals, but maybe the crypto voodoo require more.
-//
-// The rust implementation use 16 bytes nonce.
-
-// Generate creates a 12-byte random nonce.
-func Generate() ([]byte, error) {
-	res := make([]byte, 12)
-	_, err := rand.Read(res)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	return res, nil
-}
--- a/token/internal/parse/parse.go
+++ b/token/internal/parse/parse.go
@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-package parse
-
-import (
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/did"
-)
-
-func OptionalDID(s *string) (did.DID, error) {
-	if s == nil {
-		return did.Undef, nil
-	}
-	return did.Parse(*s)
-}
-
-func OptionalTimestamp(sec *int64) *time.Time {
-	if sec == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-	t := time.Unix(*sec, 0)
-	return &t
-}
--- a/token/invocation/errors.go
+++ b/token/invocation/errors.go
@@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
-package invocation
-
-import "errors"
-
-// Loading errors
-var (
-	// ErrMissingDelegation
-	ErrMissingDelegation = errors.New("loader missing delegation for proof chain")
-)
-
-// Time bound errors
-var (
-	// ErrTokenExpired is returned if a token is invalid at execution time
-	ErrTokenInvalidNow = errors.New("token has expired")
-)
-
-// Principal alignment errors
-var (
-	// ErrNoProof is returned when no delegations were provided to prove
-	// that the invocation should be executed.
-	ErrNoProof = errors.New("at least one delegation must be provided to validate the invocation")
-
-	// ErrLastNotRoot is returned if the last delegation token in the proof
-	// chain is not a root delegation token.
-	ErrLastNotRoot = errors.New("the last delegation token in proof chain must be a root token")
-
-	// ErrBrokenChain is returned when the Audience of a delegation is
-	// not the Issuer of the previous one.
-	ErrBrokenChain = errors.New("delegation proof chain doesn't connect the invocation to the subject")
-
-	// ErrWrongSub is returned when the Subject of a delegation is not the invocation audience.
-	ErrWrongSub = errors.New("delegation subject need to match the invocation audience")
-
-	// ErrCommandNotCovered is returned when a delegation command doesn't cover (identical or parent of) the
-	// next delegation or invocation's command.
-	ErrCommandNotCovered = errors.New("allowed command doesn't cover the next delegation or invocation")
-)
--- a/token/invocation/examples_test.go
+++ b/token/invocation/examples_test.go
@@ -1,201 +0,0 @@
-package invocation_test
-
-import (
-	"bytes"
-	"encoding/json"
-	"errors"
-	"fmt"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/ipfs/go-cid"
-	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime"
-	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/codec/dagcbor"
-	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/codec/dagjson"
-	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/node/basicnode"
-	"github.com/libp2p/go-libp2p/core/crypto"
-
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/did"
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/pkg/command"
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/token/invocation"
-)
-
-func ExampleNew() {
-	privKey, iss, sub, cmd, args, prf, meta, err := setupExampleNew()
-	if err != nil {
-		fmt.Println("failed to create setup:", err.Error())
-
-		return
-	}
-
-	inv, err := invocation.New(iss, sub, cmd, prf,
-		invocation.WithArgument("uri", args["uri"]),
-		invocation.WithArgument("headers", args["headers"]),
-		invocation.WithArgument("payload", args["payload"]),
-		invocation.WithMeta("env", "development"),
-		invocation.WithMeta("tags", meta["tags"]),
-		invocation.WithExpirationIn(time.Minute),
-		invocation.WithoutInvokedAt())
-	if err != nil {
-		fmt.Println("failed to create invocation:", err.Error())
-
-		return
-	}
-
-	data, cid, err := inv.ToSealed(privKey)
-	if err != nil {
-		fmt.Println("failed to seal invocation:", err.Error())
-
-		return
-	}
-
-	json, err := prettyDAGJSON(data)
-	if err != nil {
-		fmt.Println("failed to pretty DAG-JSON:", err.Error())
-
-		return
-	}
-
-	fmt.Println("CID:", cid)
-	fmt.Println("Token (pretty DAG-JSON):")
-	fmt.Println(json)
-
-	// Expected CID and DAG-JSON output:
-	// CID: bafyreid2n5q45vk4osned7k5huocbe3mxbisonh5vujepqftc5ftr543ae
-	// Token (pretty DAG-JSON):
-	// [
-	//   {
-	// 	"/": {
-	// 	  "bytes": "gvyL7kdSkgmaDpDU/Qj9ohRwxYLCHER52HFMSFEqQqEcQC9qr4JCPP1f/WybvGGuVzYiA0Hx4JO+ohNz8BxUAA"
-	// 	}
-	//   },
-	//   {
-	// 	"h": {
-	// 	  "/": {
-	// 		"bytes": "NO0BcQ"
-	// 	  }
-	// 	},
-	// 	"ucan/inv@1.0.0-rc.1": {
-	// 	  "args": {
-	// 		"headers": {
-	// 		  "Content-Type": "application/json"
-	// 		},
-	// 		"payload": {
-	// 		  "body": "UCAN is great",
-	// 		  "draft": true,
-	// 		  "title": "UCAN for Fun and Profit",
-	// 		  "topics": [
-	// 			"authz",
-	// 			"journal"
-	// 		  ]
-	// 		},
-	// 		"uri": "https://example.com/blog/posts"
-	// 	  },
-	// 	  "cmd": "/crud/create",
-	// 	  "exp": 1729788921,
-	// 	  "iss": "did:key:z6MkhniGGyP88eZrq2dpMvUPdS2RQMhTUAWzcu6kVGUvEtCJ",
-	// 	  "meta": {
-	// 		"env": "development",
-	// 		"tags": [
-	// 		  "blog",
-	// 		  "post",
-	// 		  "pr#123"
-	// 		]
-	// 	  },
-	// 	  "nonce": {
-	// 		"/": {
-	// 		  "bytes": "2xXPoZwWln1TfXIp"
-	// 		}
-	// 	  },
-	// 	  "prf": [
-	// 		{
-	// 		  "/": "bafyreigx3qxd2cndpe66j2mdssj773ecv7tqd7wovcnz5raguw6lj7sjoe"
-	// 		},
-	// 		{
-	// 		  "/": "bafyreib34ira254zdqgehz6f2bhwme2ja2re3ltcalejv4x4tkcveujvpa"
-	// 		},
-	// 		{
-	// 		  "/": "bafyreibkb66tpo2ixqx3fe5hmekkbuasrod6olt5bwm5u5pi726mduuwlq"
-	// 		}
-	// 	  ],
-	// 	  "sub": "did:key:z6MktWuvPvBe5UyHnDGuEdw8aJ5qrhhwLG6jy7cQYM6ckP6P"
-	// 	}
-	//   }
-	// ]
-}
-
-func prettyDAGJSON(data []byte) (string, error) {
-	var node ipld.Node
-
-	node, err := ipld.Decode(data, dagcbor.Decode)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
-	}
-
-	jsonData, err := ipld.Encode(node, dagjson.Encode)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
-	}
-
-	var out bytes.Buffer
-	if err := json.Indent(&out, jsonData, "", "  "); err != nil {
-		return "", err
-	}
-
-	return out.String(), nil
-}
-
-func setupExampleNew() (privKey crypto.PrivKey, iss, sub did.DID, cmd command.Command, args map[string]any, prf []cid.Cid, meta map[string]any, errs error) {
-	var err error
-
-	privKey, iss, err = did.GenerateEd25519()
-	if err != nil {
-		errs = errors.Join(errs, fmt.Errorf("failed to generate Issuer identity: %w", err))
-	}
-
-	_, sub, err = did.GenerateEd25519()
-	if err != nil {
-		errs = errors.Join(errs, fmt.Errorf("failed to generate Subject identity: %w", err))
-	}
-
-	cmd, err = command.Parse("/crud/create")
-	if err != nil {
-		errs = errors.Join(errs, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse command: %w", err))
-	}
-
-	headers := map[string]string{
-		"Content-Type": "application/json",
-	}
-
-	payload := map[string]any{
-		"body":   "UCAN is great",
-		"draft":  true,
-		"title":  "UCAN for Fun and Profit",
-		"topics": []string{"authz", "journal"},
-	}
-
-	args = map[string]any{
-		// you can also directly pass IPLD values
-		"uri":     basicnode.NewString("https://example.com/blog/posts"),
-		"headers": headers,
-		"payload": payload,
-	}
-
-	prf = make([]cid.Cid, 3)
-	for i, v := range []string{
-		"zdpuAzx4sBrBCabrZZqXgvK3NDzh7Mf5mKbG11aBkkMCdLtCp",
-		"zdpuApTCXfoKh2sB1KaUaVSGofCBNPUnXoBb6WiCeitXEibZy",
-		"zdpuAoFdXRPw4n6TLcncoDhq1Mr6FGbpjAiEtqSBrTSaYMKkf",
-	} {
-		prf[i], err = cid.Parse(v)
-		if err != nil {
-			errs = errors.Join(errs, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse proof cid: %w", err))
-		}
-	}
-
-	meta = map[string]any{
-		"env":  basicnode.NewString("development"),
-		"tags": []string{"blog", "post", "pr#123"},
-	}
-
-	return // WARNING: named return values
-}
--- a/token/invocation/invocation.go
+++ b/token/invocation/invocation.go
@@ -8,132 +8,37 @@
 package invocation

 import (
+	"crypto/rand"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"time"

-	"github.com/ipfs/go-cid"
-
 	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/did"
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/pkg/args"
 	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/pkg/command"
 	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/pkg/meta"
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/token/delegation"
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/token/internal/nonce"
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/token/internal/parse"
 )

 // Token is an immutable type that holds the fields of a UCAN invocation.
 type Token struct {
-	// The DID of the Invoker
+	// Issuer DID (invoker)
 	issuer did.DID
-	// The DID of Subject being invoked
-	subject did.DID
-	// The DID of the intended Executor if different from the Subject
+	// Audience DID (receiver/executor)
 	audience did.DID
-
-	// The Command
+	// Subject DID (subject being invoked)
+	subject did.DID
+	// The Command to invoke
 	command command.Command
-	// The Command's arguments
-	arguments *args.Args
-	// CIDs of the delegation.Token that prove the chain of authority
-	// They need to form a strictly linear chain, and being ordered starting from the
-	// leaf Delegation (with aud matching the invocation's iss), in a strict sequence
-	// where the iss of the previous Delegation matches the aud of the next Delegation.
-	proof []cid.Cid
-	// Arbitrary Metadata
-	meta *meta.Meta
-
+	// TODO: args
+	// TODO: prf
 	// A unique, random nonce
 	nonce []byte
+	// Arbitrary Metadata
+	meta *meta.Meta
 	// The timestamp at which the Invocation becomes invalid
 	expiration *time.Time
 	// The timestamp at which the Invocation was created
 	invokedAt *time.Time
-
-	// An optional CID of the Receipt that enqueued the Task
-	cause *cid.Cid
-}
-
-// New creates an invocation Token with the provided options.
-//
-// If no nonce is provided, a random 12-byte nonce is generated. Use the
-// WithNonce or WithEmptyNonce options to specify provide your own nonce
-// or to leave the nonce empty respectively.
-//
-// If no invokedAt is provided, the current time is used. Use the
-// WithInvokedAt or WithInvokedAtIn Options to specify a different time
-// or the WithoutInvokedAt Option to clear the Token's invokedAt field.
-//
-// With the exception of the WithMeta option, all others will overwrite
-// the previous contents of their target field.
-func New(iss, sub did.DID, cmd command.Command, prf []cid.Cid, opts ...Option) (*Token, error) {
-	iat := time.Now()
-
-	tkn := Token{
-		issuer:    iss,
-		subject:   sub,
-		command:   cmd,
-		arguments: args.New(),
-		proof:     prf,
-		meta:      meta.NewMeta(),
-		nonce:     nil,
-		invokedAt: &iat,
-	}
-
-	for _, opt := range opts {
-		if err := opt(&tkn); err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-	}
-
-	var err error
-	if len(tkn.nonce) == 0 {
-		tkn.nonce, err = nonce.Generate()
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-	}
-
-	if err := tkn.validate(); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	return &tkn, nil
-}
-
-func (t *Token) ExecutionAllowed(loader delegation.Loader) error {
-	return t.executionAllowed(loader, t.arguments)
-}
-
-func (t *Token) ExecutionAllowedWithArgsHook(loader delegation.Loader, hook func(args args.ReadOnly) (*args.Args, error)) error {
-	newArgs, err := hook(t.arguments.ReadOnly())
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	return t.executionAllowed(loader, newArgs)
-}
-
-func (t *Token) executionAllowed(loader delegation.Loader, arguments *args.Args) error {
-	delegations, err := t.loadProofs(loader)
-	if err != nil {
-		// All referenced delegations must be available - 4b
-		return err
-	}
-
-	if err := t.verifyProofs(delegations); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	if err := t.verifyTimeBound(delegations); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	if err := t.verifyArgs(delegations, arguments); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	return nil
+	// TODO: cause
 }

 // Issuer returns the did.DID representing the Token's issuer.
@@ -141,75 +46,40 @@ func (t *Token) Issuer() did.DID {
 	return t.issuer
 }

-// Subject returns the did.DID representing the Token's subject.
-func (t *Token) Subject() did.DID {
-	return t.subject
-}
-
 // Audience returns the did.DID representing the Token's audience.
 func (t *Token) Audience() did.DID {
 	return t.audience
 }

+// Subject returns the did.DID representing the Token's subject.
+//
+// This field may be did.Undef for delegations that are [Powerlined] but
+// must be equal to the value returned by the Issuer method for root
+// tokens.
+func (t *Token) Subject() did.DID {
+	return t.subject
+}
+
 // Command returns the capability's command.Command.
 func (t *Token) Command() command.Command {
 	return t.command
 }

-// Arguments returns the arguments to be used when the command is
-// invoked.
-func (t *Token) Arguments() args.ReadOnly {
-	return t.arguments.ReadOnly()
-}
-
-// Proof() returns the ordered list of cid.Cid which reference the
-// delegation Tokens that authorize this invocation.
-func (t *Token) Proof() []cid.Cid {
-	return t.proof
-}
-
-// Meta returns the Token's metadata.
-func (t *Token) Meta() meta.ReadOnly {
-	return t.meta.ReadOnly()
-}
-
 // Nonce returns the random Nonce encapsulated in this Token.
 func (t *Token) Nonce() []byte {
 	return t.nonce
 }

+// Meta returns the Token's metadata.
+func (t *Token) Meta() *meta.Meta {
+	return t.meta
+}
+
 // Expiration returns the time at which the Token expires.
 func (t *Token) Expiration() *time.Time {
 	return t.expiration
 }

-// InvokedAt returns the time.Time at which the invocation token was
-// created.
-func (t *Token) InvokedAt() *time.Time {
-	return t.invokedAt
-}
-
-// Cause returns the Token's (optional) cause field which may specify
-// which describes the Receipt that requested the invocation.
-func (t *Token) Cause() *cid.Cid {
-	return t.cause
-}
-
-// IsValidNow verifies that the token can be used at the current time, based on expiration or "not before" fields.
-// This does NOT do any other kind of verifications.
-func (t *Token) IsValidNow() bool {
-	return t.IsValidAt(time.Now())
-}
-
-// IsValidNow verifies that the token can be used at the given time, based on expiration or "not before" fields.
-// This does NOT do any other kind of verifications.
-func (t *Token) IsValidAt(ti time.Time) bool {
-	if t.expiration != nil && ti.After(*t.expiration) {
-		return false
-	}
-	return true
-}
-
 func (t *Token) validate() error {
 	var errs error

@@ -220,7 +90,8 @@ func (t *Token) validate() error {
 	}

 	requiredDID(t.issuer, "Issuer")
-	requiredDID(t.subject, "Subject")
+
+	// TODO

 	if len(t.nonce) < 12 {
 		errs = errors.Join(errs, fmt.Errorf("token nonce too small"))
@@ -229,58 +100,25 @@ func (t *Token) validate() error {
 	return errs
 }

-func (t *Token) loadProofs(loader delegation.Loader) (res []*delegation.Token, err error) {
-	res = make([]*delegation.Token, len(t.proof))
-	for i, c := range t.proof {
-		res[i], err = loader.GetDelegation(c)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: need %s", ErrMissingDelegation, c)
-		}
-	}
-	return res, nil
-}
-
 // tokenFromModel build a decoded view of the raw IPLD data.
 // This function also serves as validation.
 func tokenFromModel(m tokenPayloadModel) (*Token, error) {
 	var (
 		tkn Token
-		err error
 	)

-	if tkn.issuer, err = did.Parse(m.Iss); err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("parse iss: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	if tkn.subject, err = did.Parse(m.Sub); err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("parse subject: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	if tkn.audience, err = parse.OptionalDID(m.Aud); err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("parse audience: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	if tkn.command, err = command.Parse(m.Cmd); err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("parse command: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	if len(m.Nonce) == 0 {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("nonce is required")
-	}
-	tkn.nonce = m.Nonce
-
-	tkn.arguments = m.Args
-	tkn.proof = m.Prf
-	tkn.meta = m.Meta
-
-	tkn.expiration = parse.OptionalTimestamp(m.Exp)
-	tkn.invokedAt = parse.OptionalTimestamp(m.Iat)
-
-	tkn.cause = m.Cause
-
-	if err := tkn.validate(); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
+	// TODO

 	return &tkn, nil
 }
+
+// generateNonce creates a 12-byte random nonce.
+// TODO: some crypto scheme require more, is that our case?
+func generateNonce() ([]byte, error) {
+	res := make([]byte, 12)
+	_, err := rand.Read(res)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return res, nil
+}
--- a/token/invocation/invocation.ipldsch
+++ b/token/invocation/invocation.ipldsch
@@ -1,32 +1,23 @@
-
 type DID string

 # The Invocation Payload attaches sender, receiver, and provenance to the Task.
 type Payload struct {
-    # The DID of the invoker
+    # Issuer DID (sender)
    iss DID
-    # The Subject being invoked
-    sub DID
-    # The DID of the intended Executor if different from the Subject
-    aud optional DID
+    # Audience DID (receiver)
+    aud DID
+    # Principal that the chain is about (the Subject)
+    sub optional DID

-    # The Command
+    # The Command to eventually invoke
    cmd String
-    # The Command's Arguments
-    args { String : Any}
-    # Delegations that prove the chain of authority
-    prf [ Link ]
-
-    # Arbitrary Metadata
-    meta optional { String : Any }

    # A unique, random nonce
-    nonce optional Bytes
+    nonce Bytes
+
+    # Arbitrary Metadata
+    meta {String : Any}
+
    # The timestamp at which the Invocation becomes invalid
    exp nullable Int
-    # The Timestamp at which the Invocation was created
-    iat optional Int
-
-    # An optional CID of the Receipt that enqueued the Task
-    cause optional Link
 }
--- a/token/invocation/invocation_test.go
+++ b/token/invocation/invocation_test.go
@@ -1,139 +0,0 @@
-package invocation_test
-
-import (
-	"testing"
-
-	"github.com/ipfs/go-cid"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
-
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/did/didtest"
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/pkg/args"
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/pkg/command"
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/token/delegation/delegationtest"
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/token/invocation"
-)
-
-const (
-	missingPrivKeyCfg = "CAESQMjRvrEIjpPYRQKmkAGw/pV0XgE958rYa4vlnKJjl1zz/sdnGnyV1xKLJk8D39edyjhHWyqcpgFnozQK62SG16k="
-	missingTknCIDStr  = "bafyreigwypmw6eul6vadi6g6lnfbsfo2zck7gfzsbjoroqs3djhnzzc7mm"
-	missingDIDStr     = "did:key:z6MkwboxFsH3kEuehBZ5fLkRmxi68yv1u38swA4r9Jm2VRma"
-)
-
-var emptyArguments = args.New()
-
-func TestToken_ExecutionAllowed(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	t.Run("passes - only root", func(t *testing.T) {
-		t.Parallel()
-
-		testPasses(t, didtest.PersonaBob, delegationtest.NominalCommand, emptyArguments, delegationtest.ProofAliceBob)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("passes - valid chain", func(t *testing.T) {
-		t.Parallel()
-
-		testPasses(t, didtest.PersonaFrank, delegationtest.NominalCommand, emptyArguments, delegationtest.ProofAliceBobCarolDanErinFrank)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("passes - proof chain attenuates command", func(t *testing.T) {
-		t.Parallel()
-
-		testPasses(t, didtest.PersonaFrank, delegationtest.AttenuatedCommand, emptyArguments, delegationtest.ProofAliceBobCarolDanErinFrank_ValidAttenuatedCommand)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("passes - invocation attenuates command", func(t *testing.T) {
-		t.Parallel()
-
-		testPasses(t, didtest.PersonaFrank, delegationtest.AttenuatedCommand, emptyArguments, delegationtest.ProofAliceBobCarolDanErinFrank)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("fails - no proof", func(t *testing.T) {
-		t.Parallel()
-
-		testFails(t, invocation.ErrNoProof, didtest.PersonaCarol, delegationtest.NominalCommand, emptyArguments, delegationtest.ProofEmpty)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("fails - missing referenced delegation", func(t *testing.T) {
-		t.Parallel()
-
-		missingTknCID, err := cid.Parse(missingTknCIDStr)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-
-		prf := []cid.Cid{missingTknCID, delegationtest.TokenAliceBobCID}
-		testFails(t, invocation.ErrMissingDelegation, didtest.PersonaCarol, delegationtest.NominalCommand, emptyArguments, prf)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("fails - referenced delegation expired", func(t *testing.T) {
-		t.Parallel()
-
-		testFails(t, invocation.ErrTokenInvalidNow, didtest.PersonaFrank, delegationtest.NominalCommand, emptyArguments, delegationtest.ProofAliceBobCarolDanErinFrank_InvalidExpired)
-
-	})
-
-	t.Run("fails - referenced delegation inactive", func(t *testing.T) {
-		t.Parallel()
-
-		testFails(t, invocation.ErrTokenInvalidNow, didtest.PersonaFrank, delegationtest.NominalCommand, emptyArguments, delegationtest.ProofAliceBobCarolDanErinFrank_InvalidInactive)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("fails - last (or only) delegation not root", func(t *testing.T) {
-		t.Parallel()
-
-		prf := []cid.Cid{delegationtest.TokenErinFrankCID, delegationtest.TokenDanErinCID, delegationtest.TokenCarolDanCID}
-		testFails(t, invocation.ErrLastNotRoot, didtest.PersonaFrank, delegationtest.NominalCommand, emptyArguments, prf)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("fails - broken chain", func(t *testing.T) {
-		t.Parallel()
-
-		prf := []cid.Cid{delegationtest.TokenCarolDanCID, delegationtest.TokenAliceBobCID}
-		testFails(t, invocation.ErrBrokenChain, didtest.PersonaFrank, delegationtest.NominalCommand, emptyArguments, prf)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("fails - first not issued to invoker", func(t *testing.T) {
-		t.Parallel()
-
-		prf := []cid.Cid{delegationtest.TokenBobCarolCID, delegationtest.TokenAliceBobCID}
-		testFails(t, invocation.ErrBrokenChain, didtest.PersonaFrank, delegationtest.NominalCommand, emptyArguments, prf)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("fails - proof chain expands command", func(t *testing.T) {
-		t.Parallel()
-
-		testFails(t, invocation.ErrCommandNotCovered, didtest.PersonaFrank, delegationtest.NominalCommand, emptyArguments, delegationtest.ProofAliceBobCarolDanErinFrank_InvalidExpandedCommand)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("fails - invocation expands command", func(t *testing.T) {
-		t.Parallel()
-
-		testFails(t, invocation.ErrCommandNotCovered, didtest.PersonaFrank, delegationtest.ExpandedCommand, emptyArguments, delegationtest.ProofAliceBobCarolDanErinFrank)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("fails - inconsistent subject", func(t *testing.T) {
-		t.Parallel()
-
-		testFails(t, invocation.ErrWrongSub, didtest.PersonaFrank, delegationtest.ExpandedCommand, emptyArguments, delegationtest.ProofAliceBobCarolDanErinFrank_InvalidSubject)
-	})
-}
-
-func test(t *testing.T, persona didtest.Persona, cmd command.Command, args *args.Args, prf []cid.Cid, opts ...invocation.Option) error {
-	t.Helper()
-
-	// TODO: use the args and add minimal test to check that they are verified against the policy
-
-	tkn, err := invocation.New(persona.DID(), didtest.PersonaAlice.DID(), cmd, prf, opts...)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	return tkn.ExecutionAllowed(delegationtest.GetDelegationLoader())
-}
-
-func testFails(t *testing.T, expErr error, persona didtest.Persona, cmd command.Command, args *args.Args, prf []cid.Cid, opts ...invocation.Option) {
-	err := test(t, persona, cmd, args, prf, opts...)
-	require.ErrorIs(t, err, expErr)
-}
-
-func testPasses(t *testing.T, persona didtest.Persona, cmd command.Command, args *args.Args, prf []cid.Cid, opts ...invocation.Option) {
-	err := test(t, persona, cmd, args, prf, opts...)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-}
--- a/token/invocation/ipld.go
+++ b/token/invocation/ipld.go
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 package invocation

 import (
-	"fmt"
 	"io"

 	"github.com/ipfs/go-cid"
@@ -194,21 +193,14 @@ func FromIPLD(node datamodel.Node) (*Token, error) {
 }

 func (t *Token) toIPLD(privKey crypto.PrivKey) (datamodel.Node, error) {
-	// sanity check that privKey and issuer are matching
-	issPub, err := t.issuer.PubKey()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	if !issPub.Equals(privKey.GetPublic()) {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("private key doesn't match the issuer")
+	var sub *string
+
+	if t.subject != did.Undef {
+		s := t.subject.String()
+		sub = &s
 	}

-	var aud *string
-
-	if t.audience != did.Undef {
-		a := t.audience.String()
-		aud = &a
-	}
+	// TODO

 	var exp *int64
 	if t.expiration != nil {
@@ -216,29 +208,14 @@ func (t *Token) toIPLD(privKey crypto.PrivKey) (datamodel.Node, error) {
 		exp = &u
 	}

-	var iat *int64
-	if t.invokedAt != nil {
-		i := t.invokedAt.Unix()
-		iat = &i
-	}
-
 	model := &tokenPayloadModel{
 		Iss:   t.issuer.String(),
-		Aud:   aud,
-		Sub:   t.subject.String(),
+		Aud:   t.audience.String(),
+		Sub:   sub,
 		Cmd:   t.command.String(),
-		Args:  t.arguments,
-		Prf:   t.proof,
-		Meta:  t.meta,
 		Nonce: t.nonce,
+		Meta:  *t.meta,
 		Exp:   exp,
-		Iat:   iat,
-		Cause: t.cause,
-	}
-
-	// seems like it's a requirement to have a null meta if there are no values?
-	if len(model.Meta.Keys) == 0 {
-		model.Meta = nil
 	}

 	return envelope.ToIPLD(privKey, model)
--- a/token/invocation/ipld_test.go
+++ b/token/invocation/ipld_test.go
@@ -1,38 +0,0 @@
-package invocation_test
-
-import (
-	"testing"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
-
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/token/invocation"
-)
-
-func TestSealUnsealRoundtrip(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	privKey, iss, sub, cmd, args, prf, meta, err := setupExampleNew()
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	tkn1, err := invocation.New(iss, sub, cmd, prf,
-		invocation.WithArgument("uri", args["uri"]),
-		invocation.WithArgument("headers", args["headers"]),
-		invocation.WithArgument("payload", args["payload"]),
-		invocation.WithMeta("env", "development"),
-		invocation.WithMeta("tags", meta["tags"]),
-		invocation.WithExpirationIn(time.Minute),
-		invocation.WithoutInvokedAt(),
-	)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	data, cid1, err := tkn1.ToSealed(privKey)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	tkn2, cid2, err := invocation.FromSealed(data)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	assert.Equal(t, cid1, cid2)
-	assert.Equal(t, tkn1, tkn2)
-}
--- a/token/invocation/options.go
+++ b/token/invocation/options.go
@@ -1,141 +0,0 @@
-package invocation
-
-import (
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/ipfs/go-cid"
-
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/did"
-)
-
-// Option is a type that allows optional fields to be set during the
-// creation of an invocation Token.
-type Option func(*Token) error
-
-// WithArgument adds a key/value pair to the Token's Arguments field.
-func WithArgument(key string, val any) Option {
-	return func(t *Token) error {
-		return t.arguments.Add(key, val)
-	}
-}
-
-// WithAudience sets the Token's audience to the provided did.DID.
-//
-// If the provided did.DID is the same as the Token's subject, the
-// audience is not set.
-func WithAudience(aud did.DID) Option {
-	return func(t *Token) error {
-		if t.subject.String() != aud.String() {
-			t.audience = aud
-		}
-
-		return nil
-	}
-}
-
-// WithMeta adds a key/value pair in the "meta" field.
-//
-// WithMeta can be used multiple times in the same call.
-// Accepted types for the value are: bool, string, int, int32, int64, []byte,
-// and ipld.Node.
-func WithMeta(key string, val any) Option {
-	return func(t *Token) error {
-		return t.meta.Add(key, val)
-	}
-}
-
-// WithEncryptedMetaString adds a key/value pair in the "meta" field.
-// The string value is encrypted with the given aesKey.
-func WithEncryptedMetaString(key, val string, encryptionKey []byte) Option {
-	return func(t *Token) error {
-		return t.meta.AddEncrypted(key, val, encryptionKey)
-	}
-}
-
-// WithEncryptedMetaBytes adds a key/value pair in the "meta" field.
-// The []byte value is encrypted with the given aesKey.
-func WithEncryptedMetaBytes(key string, val, encryptionKey []byte) Option {
-	return func(t *Token) error {
-		return t.meta.AddEncrypted(key, val, encryptionKey)
-	}
-}
-
-// WithNonce sets the Token's nonce with the given value.
-//
-// If this option is not used, a random 12-byte nonce is generated for
-// this required field.  If you truly want to create an invocation Token
-// without a nonce, use the WithEmptyNonce Option which will set the
-// nonce to an empty byte array.
-func WithNonce(nonce []byte) Option {
-	return func(t *Token) error {
-		t.nonce = nonce
-
-		return nil
-	}
-}
-
-// WithEmptyNonce sets the Token's nonce to an empty byte slice as
-// suggested by the UCAN spec for invocation tokens that represent
-// idempotent operations.
-func WithEmptyNonce() Option {
-	return func(t *Token) error {
-		t.nonce = []byte{}
-
-		return nil
-	}
-}
-
-// WithExpiration set's the Token's optional "expiration" field to the
-// value of the provided time.Time.
-func WithExpiration(exp time.Time) Option {
-	return func(t *Token) error {
-		exp = exp.Round(time.Second)
-		t.expiration = &exp
-
-		return nil
-	}
-}
-
-// WithExpirationIn set's the Token's optional "expiration" field to
-// Now() plus the given duration.
-func WithExpirationIn(after time.Duration) Option {
-	return WithExpiration(time.Now().Add(after))
-}
-
-// WithInvokedAt sets the Token's invokedAt field to the provided
-// time.Time.
-//
-// If this Option is not provided, the invocation Token's iat field will
-// be set to the value of time.Now().  If you want to create an invocation
-// Token without this field being set, use the WithoutInvokedAt Option.
-func WithInvokedAt(iat time.Time) Option {
-	return func(t *Token) error {
-		t.invokedAt = &iat
-
-		return nil
-	}
-}
-
-// WithInvokedAtIn sets the Token's invokedAt field to Now() plus the
-// given duration.
-func WithInvokedAtIn(after time.Duration) Option {
-	return WithInvokedAt(time.Now().Add(after))
-}
-
-// WithoutInvokedAt clears the Token's invokedAt field.
-func WithoutInvokedAt() Option {
-	return func(t *Token) error {
-		t.invokedAt = nil
-
-		return nil
-	}
-}
-
-// WithCause sets the Token's cause field to the provided cid.Cid.
-func WithCause(cause *cid.Cid) Option {
-	return func(t *Token) error {
-		t.cause = cause
-
-		return nil
-	}
-}
--- a/token/invocation/proof.go
+++ b/token/invocation/proof.go
@@ -1,141 +0,0 @@
-package invocation
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/pkg/args"
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/pkg/policy"
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/token/delegation"
-)
-
-// # Invocation token validation
-//
-// Per the specification, invocation Tokens must be validated before the command is executed.
-// This validation effectively happens in multiple places in the codebase.
-// Steps 1 and 2 are the same for all token types.
-//
-//  1. When a token is read/unsealed from its containing envelope (`envelope` package):
-//     a. The envelope can be decoded.
-//     b. The envelope contains a Signature, VarsigHeader and Payload.
-//     c. The Payload contains an iss field that contains a valid `did:key`.
-//     d. The public key can be extracted from the `did:key`.
-//     e. The public key type is supported by go-ucan.
-//     f. The Signature can be decoded per the VarsigHeader.
-//     g. The SigPayload can be verified using the Signature and public key.
-//     h. The field key of the TokenPayload matches the expected tag.
-//
-//  2. When the token is created or passes step one (token constructor or decoder):
-//     a. All required fields are present
-//     b. All populated fields respect their own rules (example: a policy is legal)
-//
-//  3. When an unsealed invocation passes steps one and two for execution (verifyTimeBound below):
-//     a. The invocation cannot be expired (expiration in the future or absent).
-//     b. All the delegation must not be expired (expiration in the future or absent).
-//     c. All the delegation must be active (nbf in the past or absent).
-//
-//  4. When the proof chain is being validated (verifyProofs below):
-//     a. There must be at least one delegation in the proof chain.
-//     b. All referenced delegations must be available.
-//     c. The first proof must be issued to the Invoker (audience DID).
-//     d. The Issuer of each delegation must be the Audience in the next one.
-//     e. The last token must be a root delegation.
-//     f. The Subject of each delegation must equal the invocation's Audience field.
-//     g. The command of each delegation must "allow" the one before it.
-//
-//  5. If steps 1-4 pass:
-//     a. The policy must "match" the arguments. (verifyArgs below)
-//     b. The nonce (if present) is not reused. (out of scope for go-ucan)
-
-// verifyProofs controls that the proof chain allows the invocation:
-// - principal alignment
-// - command alignment
-func (t *Token) verifyProofs(delegations []*delegation.Token) error {
-	// There must be at least one delegation referenced - 4a
-	if len(delegations) < 1 {
-		return ErrNoProof
-	}
-
-	cmd := t.command
-	iss := t.issuer
-	aud := t.audience
-	if !aud.Defined() {
-		aud = t.subject
-	}
-
-	// control from the invocation to the root
-	for i, dlgCid := range t.proof {
-		dlg := delegations[i]
-
-		// The Subject of each delegation must equal the invocation's Audience field. - 4f
-		if dlg.Subject() != aud {
-			return fmt.Errorf("%w: delegation %s, expected %s, got %s", ErrWrongSub, dlgCid, aud, dlg.Subject())
-		}
-
-		// The first proof must be issued to the Invoker (audience DID). - 4c
-		// The Issuer of each delegation must be the Audience in the next one. - 4d
-		if dlg.Audience() != iss {
-			return fmt.Errorf("%w: delegation %s, expected %s, got %s", ErrBrokenChain, dlgCid, iss, dlg.Audience())
-		}
-		iss = dlg.Issuer()
-
-		// The command of each delegation must "allow" the one before it. - 4g
-		if !dlg.Command().Covers(cmd) {
-			return fmt.Errorf("%w: delegation %s, %s doesn't cover %s", ErrCommandNotCovered, dlgCid, dlg.Command(), cmd)
-		}
-		cmd = dlg.Command()
-	}
-
-	// The last prf value must be a root delegation (have the issuer field match the Subject field) - 4e
-	if last := delegations[len(delegations)-1]; last.Issuer() != last.Subject() {
-		return fmt.Errorf("%w: expected %s, got %s", ErrLastNotRoot, last.Subject(), last.Issuer())
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (t *Token) verifyTimeBound(dlgs []*delegation.Token) error {
-	return t.verifyTimeBoundAt(time.Now(), dlgs)
-}
-
-func (t *Token) verifyTimeBoundAt(at time.Time, delegations []*delegation.Token) error {
-	// The invocation cannot be expired (expiration in the future or absent). - 3a
-	if !t.IsValidAt(at) {
-		return fmt.Errorf("%w: invocation", ErrTokenInvalidNow)
-	}
-
-	for i, dlgCid := range t.proof {
-		dlg := delegations[i]
-
-		// All the delegation must not be expired (expiration in the future or absent). - 3b
-		// All the delegation must be active (nbf in the past or absent). - 3c
-		if !dlg.IsValidAt(at) {
-			return fmt.Errorf("%w: delegation %s", ErrTokenInvalidNow, dlgCid)
-		}
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (t *Token) verifyArgs(delegations []*delegation.Token, arguments *args.Args) error {
-	var count int
-	for i := range t.proof {
-		count += len(delegations[i].Policy())
-	}
-
-	policies := make(policy.Policy, 0, count)
-	for i := range t.proof {
-		policies = append(policies, delegations[i].Policy()...)
-	}
-
-	argsIpld, err := arguments.ToIPLD()
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	ok, statement := policies.Match(argsIpld)
-	if !ok {
-		return fmt.Errorf("the following UCAN policy is not satisfied: %v", statement.String())
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
--- a/token/invocation/schema.go
+++ b/token/invocation/schema.go
@@ -5,12 +5,10 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"sync"

-	"github.com/ipfs/go-cid"
 	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime"
 	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/node/bindnode"
 	"github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime/schema"

-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/pkg/args"
 	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/pkg/meta"
 	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/token/internal/envelope"
 )
@@ -25,17 +23,17 @@ const Tag = "ucan/inv@1.0.0-rc.1"
 var schemaBytes []byte

 var (
-	once      sync.Once
-	ts        *schema.TypeSystem
-	errSchema error
+	once sync.Once
+	ts   *schema.TypeSystem
+	err  error
 )

 func mustLoadSchema() *schema.TypeSystem {
 	once.Do(func() {
-		ts, errSchema = ipld.LoadSchemaBytes(schemaBytes)
+		ts, err = ipld.LoadSchemaBytes(schemaBytes)
 	})
-	if errSchema != nil {
-		panic(fmt.Errorf("failed to load IPLD schema: %s", errSchema))
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(fmt.Errorf("failed to load IPLD schema: %s", err))
 	}
 	return ts
 }
@@ -46,34 +44,28 @@ func payloadType() schema.Type {

 var _ envelope.Tokener = (*tokenPayloadModel)(nil)

+// TODO
 type tokenPayloadModel struct {
-	// The DID of the Invoker
+	// Issuer DID (sender)
 	Iss string
-	// The DID of Subject being invoked
-	Sub string
-	// The DID of the intended Executor if different from the Subject
-	Aud *string
+	// Audience DID (receiver)
+	Aud string
+	// Principal that the chain is about (the Subject)
+	// optional: can be nil
+	Sub *string

-	// The Command
+	// The Command to eventually invoke
 	Cmd string
-	// The Command's Arguments
-	Args *args.Args
-	// Delegations that prove the chain of authority
-	Prf []cid.Cid
-
-	// Arbitrary Metadata
-	Meta *meta.Meta

 	// A unique, random nonce
 	Nonce []byte
+
+	// Arbitrary Metadata
+	Meta meta.Meta
+
 	// The timestamp at which the Invocation becomes invalid
 	// optional: can be nil
 	Exp *int64
-	// The timestamp at which the Invocation was created
-	Iat *int64
-
-	// An optional CID of the Receipt that enqueued the Task
-	Cause *cid.Cid
 }

 func (e *tokenPayloadModel) Prototype() schema.TypedPrototype {
--- a/token/invocation/schema_test.go
+++ b/token/invocation/schema_test.go
@@ -1,102 +0,0 @@
-package invocation_test
-
-import (
-	"bytes"
-	"fmt"
-	"testing"
-
-	"github.com/libp2p/go-libp2p/core/crypto"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
-	"gotest.tools/v3/golden"
-
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/did/didtest"
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/token/internal/envelope"
-	"github.com/ucan-wg/go-ucan/token/invocation"
-)
-
-const (
-	issuerPrivKeyCfg = "CAESQK45xBfqIxRp7ZdRdck3tIJZKocCqvANQc925dCJhFwO7DJNA2j94zkF0TNx5mpXV0s6utfkFdHddWTaPVU6yZc="
-	newCID           = "zdpuAqY6Zypg4UnpbSUgDvYGneyFaTKaZevzxgSxV4rmv3Fpp"
-)
-
-func TestSchemaRoundTrip(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	invocationJson := golden.Get(t, "new.dagjson")
-	privKey := privKey(t, issuerPrivKeyCfg)
-
-	t.Run("via buffers", func(t *testing.T) {
-		t.Parallel()
-
-		// format:    dagJson   -->   PayloadModel   -->   dagCbor   -->   PayloadModel   -->   dagJson
-		// function:      DecodeDagJson()           Seal()        Unseal()          EncodeDagJson()
-
-		p1, err := invocation.FromDagJson(invocationJson)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-
-		cborBytes, id, err := p1.ToSealed(privKey)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		assert.Equal(t, newCID, envelope.CIDToBase58BTC(id))
-		fmt.Println("cborBytes length", len(cborBytes))
-		fmt.Println("cbor", string(cborBytes))
-
-		p2, c2, err := invocation.FromSealed(cborBytes)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		assert.Equal(t, id, c2)
-		fmt.Println("read Cbor", p2)
-
-		readJson, err := p2.ToDagJson(privKey)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		fmt.Println("readJson length", len(readJson))
-		fmt.Println("json: ", string(readJson))
-
-		assert.JSONEq(t, string(invocationJson), string(readJson))
-	})
-
-	t.Run("via streaming", func(t *testing.T) {
-		t.Parallel()
-
-		buf := bytes.NewBuffer(invocationJson)
-
-		// format:    dagJson   -->   PayloadModel   -->   dagCbor   -->   PayloadModel   -->   dagJson
-		// function:      DecodeDagJson()           Seal()         Unseal()         EncodeDagJson()
-
-		p1, err := invocation.FromDagJsonReader(buf)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-
-		cborBytes := &bytes.Buffer{}
-		id, err := p1.ToSealedWriter(cborBytes, privKey)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		assert.Equal(t, newCID, envelope.CIDToBase58BTC(id))
-
-		p2, c2, err := invocation.FromSealedReader(cborBytes)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		assert.Equal(t, envelope.CIDToBase58BTC(id), envelope.CIDToBase58BTC(c2))
-
-		readJson := &bytes.Buffer{}
-		require.NoError(t, p2.ToDagJsonWriter(readJson, privKey))
-
-		assert.JSONEq(t, string(invocationJson), readJson.String())
-	})
-
-	t.Run("fails with wrong PrivKey", func(t *testing.T) {
-		t.Parallel()
-
-		p1, err := invocation.FromDagJson(invocationJson)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-
-		_, _, err = p1.ToSealed(didtest.PersonaBob.PrivKey())
-		require.EqualError(t, err, "private key doesn't match the issuer")
-	})
-}
-
-func privKey(t require.TestingT, privKeyCfg string) crypto.PrivKey {
-	privKeyMar, err := crypto.ConfigDecodeKey(privKeyCfg)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	privKey, err := crypto.UnmarshalPrivateKey(privKeyMar)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	return privKey
-}
--- a/token/invocation/testdata/new.dagjson
+++ b/token/invocation/testdata/new.dagjson
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-[{"/":{"bytes":"o/vTvTs8SEkD9QL/eNhhW0fAng/SGBouywCbUnOfsF2RFHxaV02KTCyzgDxlJLZ2XN/Vk5igLmlKL3QIXMaeCQ"}},{"h":{"/":{"bytes":"NO0BcQ"}},"ucan/inv@1.0.0-rc.1":{"args":{"headers":{"Content-Type":"application/json"},"payload":{"body":"UCAN is great","draft":true,"title":"UCAN for Fun and Profit","topics":["authz","journal"]},"uri":"https://example.com/blog/posts"},"cmd":"/crud/create","exp":1730812145,"iss":"did:key:z6MkvMGkN5nbUQLBVqJhr13Zdqyh9rR1VuF16PuZbfocBxpv","meta":{"env":"development","tags":["blog","post","pr#123"]},"nonce":{"/":{"bytes":"q1AH6MJrqoTH6av7"}},"prf":[{"/":"bafyreigx3qxd2cndpe66j2mdssj773ecv7tqd7wovcnz5raguw6lj7sjoe"},{"/":"bafyreib34ira254zdqgehz6f2bhwme2ja2re3ltcalejv4x4tkcveujvpa"},{"/":"bafyreibkb66tpo2ixqx3fe5hmekkbuasrod6olt5bwm5u5pi726mduuwlq"}],"sub":"did:key:z6MkuFj35aiTL7YQiVMobuSeUQju92g7wZzufS3HAc6NFFcQ"}}]
				`@@ -1 +0,0 @@`
				[{"/":{"bytes":"o/vTvTs8SEkD9QL/eNhhW0fAng/SGBouywCbUnOfsF2RFHxaV02KTCyzgDxlJLZ2XN/Vk5igLmlKL3QIXMaeCQ"}},{"h":{"/":{"bytes":"NO0BcQ"}},"ucan/inv@1.0.0-rc.1":{"args":{"headers":{"Content-Type":"application/json"},"payload":{"body":"UCAN is great","draft":true,"title":"UCAN for Fun and Profit","topics":["authz","journal"]},"uri":"https://example.com/blog/posts"},"cmd":"/crud/create","exp":1730812145,"iss":"did:key:z6MkvMGkN5nbUQLBVqJhr13Zdqyh9rR1VuF16PuZbfocBxpv","meta":{"env":"development","tags":["blog","post","pr#123"]},"nonce":{"/":{"bytes":"q1AH6MJrqoTH6av7"}},"prf":[{"/":"bafyreigx3qxd2cndpe66j2mdssj773ecv7tqd7wovcnz5raguw6lj7sjoe"},{"/":"bafyreib34ira254zdqgehz6f2bhwme2ja2re3ltcalejv4x4tkcveujvpa"},{"/":"bafyreibkb66tpo2ixqx3fe5hmekkbuasrod6olt5bwm5u5pi726mduuwlq"}],"sub":"did:key:z6MkuFj35aiTL7YQiVMobuSeUQju92g7wZzufS3HAc6NFFcQ"}}]